1
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Barchenko M, Malcomson T, de Visser SP, O’Malley PJ. Computational Study on the Influence of Mo/V Centers on the Electronic Structure and Hydrazine Reduction Capability of [MFe 3S 4] 3+/2+ Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16401-16411. [PMID: 37756478 PMCID: PMC10565805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
[MFe3S4] cubanes have for some time been of interest for their ability to mimic the electronic and geometric structure of the active site of nitrogenase, the enzyme responsible for fixing N2 to NH3. Nitrogenase naturally occurs in three forms, with the major difference being that the metal ion present in the cofactor active site is either molybdenum (FeMoco), vanadium (FeVco), or iron. The molybdenum and vanadium versions of these cofactors are more closely studied, owing to their larger abundance and rate of catalysis. In this study, we compare free energy profiles and electronic properties of the Mo/V cubanes at various stages during the reduction of N2H4 to NH3. Our findings highlight the differences in how the complexes facilitate the reaction, in particular, vanadium's comparatively weaker ability to interact with the Fe/S network and stabilize reducing electrons prior to N-N bond cleavage, which may have implications when considering the lower efficiency of the vanadium-dependent nitrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Barchenko
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Thomas Malcomson
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Patrick J. O’Malley
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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2
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Benediktsson B, Bjornsson R. Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study of Resting-State Vanadium Nitrogenase: Molecular and Electronic Structure of the Iron-Vanadium Cofactor. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11514-11527. [PMID: 32799489 PMCID: PMC7458435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nitrogenase enzymes are responsible for all biological nitrogen reduction. How this is accomplished at the atomic level, however, has still not been established. The molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase has been extensively studied and is the most active catalyst for dinitrogen reduction of the nitrogenase enzymes. The vanadium-dependent form, on the other hand, displays different reactivity, being capable of CO and CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons. Only recently did a crystal structure of the VFe protein of vanadium nitrogenase become available, paving the way for detailed theoretical studies of the iron-vanadium cofactor (FeVco) within the protein matrix. The crystal structure revealed a bridging 4-atom ligand between two Fe atoms, proposed to be either a CO32- or NO3- ligand. Using a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics model of the VFe protein, starting from the 1.35 Å crystal structure, we have systematically explored multiple computational models for FeVco, considering either a CO32- or NO3- ligand, three different redox states, and multiple broken-symmetry states. We find that only a [VFe7S8C(CO3)]2- model for FeVco reproduces the crystal structure of FeVco well, as seen in a comparison of the Fe-Fe and V-Fe distances in the computed models. Furthermore, a broken-symmetry solution with Fe2, Fe3, and Fe5 spin-down (BS7-235) is energetically preferred. The electronic structure of the [VFe7S8C(CO3)]2- BS7-235 model is compared to our [MoFe7S9C]- BS7-235 model of FeMoco via localized orbital analysis and is discussed in terms of local oxidation states and different degrees of delocalization. As previously found from Fe X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies, the Fe part of FeVco is reduced compared to FeMoco, and the calculations reveal Fe5 as locally ferrous. This suggests resting-state FeVco to be analogous to an unprotonated E1 state of FeMoco. Furthermore, V-Fe interactions in FeVco are not as strong compared to Mo-Fe interactions in FeMoco. These clear differences in the electronic structures of otherwise similar cofactors suggest an explanation for distinct differences in reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardi Benediktsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Max-Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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3
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Van Stappen C, Decamps L, Cutsail GE, Bjornsson R, Henthorn JT, Birrell JA, DeBeer S. The Spectroscopy of Nitrogenases. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5005-5081. [PMID: 32237739 PMCID: PMC7318057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenases are responsible for biological nitrogen fixation, a crucial step in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. These enzymes utilize a two-component protein system and a series of iron-sulfur clusters to perform this reaction, culminating at the FeMco active site (M = Mo, V, Fe), which is capable of binding and reducing N2 to 2NH3. In this review, we summarize how different spectroscopic approaches have shed light on various aspects of these enzymes, including their structure, mechanism, alternative reactivity, and maturation. Synthetic model chemistry and theory have also played significant roles in developing our present understanding of these systems and are discussed in the context of their contributions to interpreting the nature of nitrogenases. Despite years of significant progress, there is still much to be learned from these enzymes through spectroscopic means, and we highlight where further spectroscopic investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Laure Decamps
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - George E. Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Justin T. Henthorn
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - James A. Birrell
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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4
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Tanifuji K, Ohki Y. Metal–Sulfur Compounds in N2 Reduction and Nitrogenase-Related Chemistry. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5194-5251. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tanifuji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemsitry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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5
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Jin WT, Yang M, Zhu SS, Zhou ZH. Bond-valence analyses of the crystal structures of FeMo/V cofactors in FeMo/V proteins. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 76:428-437. [PMID: 32355039 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320003952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bond-valence method has been used for valence calculations of FeMo/V cofactors in FeMo/V proteins using 51 crystallographic data sets of FeMo/V proteins from the Protein Data Bank. The calculations show molybdenum(III) to be present in MoFe7S9C(Cys)(HHis)[R-(H)homocit] (where H4homocit is homocitric acid, HCys is cysteine and HHis is histidine) in FeMo cofactors, while vanadium(III) with a more reduced iron complement is obtained for FeV cofactors. Using an error analysis of the calculated valences, it was found that in FeMo cofactors Fe1, Fe6 and Fe7 can be unambiguously assigned as iron(III), while Fe2, Fe3, Fe4 and Fe5 show different degrees of mixed valences for the individual Fe atoms. For the FeV cofactors in PDB entry 5n6y, Fe4, Fe5 and Fe6 correspond to iron(II), iron(II) and iron(III), respectively, while Fe1, Fe2, Fe3 and Fe7 exhibit strongly mixed valences. Special situations such as CO-bound and selenium-substituted FeMo cofactors and O(N)H-bridged FeV cofactors are also discussed and suggest rearrangement of the electron configuration on the substitution of the bridging S atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ting Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Shuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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6
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Van Kuiken BE, Hahn AW, Nayyar B, Schiewer CE, Lee SC, Meyer F, Weyhermüller T, Nicolaou A, Cui YT, Miyawaki J, Harada Y, DeBeer S. Electronic Spectra of Iron–Sulfur Complexes Measured by 2p3d RIXS Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7355-7361. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E. Van Kuiken
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Anselm W. Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Brahamjot Nayyar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Christine E. Schiewer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonny C. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Yi-Tao Cui
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Jun Miyawaki
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Harada
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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7
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Kowalska JK, Nayyar B, Rees JA, Schiewer CE, Lee SC, Kovacs JA, Meyer F, Weyhermüller T, Otero E, DeBeer S. Iron L 2,3-Edge X-ray Absorption and X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Studies of Molecular Iron Complexes with Relevance to the FeMoco and FeVco Active Sites of Nitrogenase. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8147-8158. [PMID: 28653855 PMCID: PMC5516708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, a systematic study of a series
of molecular iron model complexes has been carried out using Fe L2,3-edge X-ray absorption (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular
dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopies. This series spans iron complexes
of increasing complexity, starting from ferric and ferrous tetrachlorides
([FeCl4]−/2–), to ferric and ferrous
tetrathiolates ([Fe(SR)4]−/2–),
to diferric and mixed-valent iron–sulfur complexes [Fe2S2R4]2–/3–.
This test set of compounds is used to evaluate the sensitivity of
both Fe L2,3-edge XAS and XMCD spectroscopy to oxidation
state and ligation changes. It is demonstrated that the energy shift
and intensity of the L2,3-edge XAS spectra depends on both
the oxidation state and covalency of the system; however, the quantitative
information that can be extracted from these data is limited. On the
other hand, analysis of the Fe XMCD shows distinct changes in the
intensity at both L3 and L2 edges, depending
on the oxidation state of the system. It is also demonstrated that
the XMCD intensity is modulated by the covalency of the system. For
mononuclear systems, the experimental data are correlated with atomic
multiplet calculations in order to provide insights into the experimental
observations. Finally, XMCD is applied to the tetranuclear heterometal–iron–sulfur
clusters [MFe3S4]3+/2+ (M = Mo, V),
which serve as structural analogues of the FeMoco and FeVco active
sites of nitrogenase. It is demonstrated that the XMCD data can be
utilized to obtain information on the oxidation state distribution
in complex clusters that is not readily accessible for the Fe L2,3-edge XAS data alone. The advantages of XMCD relative to
standard K-edge and L2,3-edge XAS are highlighted. This
study provides an important foundation for future XMCD studies on
complex (bio)inorganic systems. A systematic Fe L2,3-edge X-ray absorption (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism
(XMCD) study of iron tetrachlorides ([FeCl4]−/2−), iron tetrathiolates ([Fe(SR)4]−/2−), diferric and mixed-valent iron−sulfur dimers [Fe2S2R4]2−/3− and heterometal−iron−sulfur
tetramers [MFe3S4]3+/2+ (M = Mo,
V) is reported. The changes in XAS and XMCD energies and intensities
across this set of complexes are presented together with atomic multiplet
calculations. The advantages of XMCD as an electronic structure probe
of complex clusters are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Kowalska
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraβe 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Brahamjot Nayyar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Julian A Rees
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraβe 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christine E Schiewer
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Tammannstraβe 4, D-37007 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonny C Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Julie A Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Franc Meyer
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Tammannstraβe 4, D-37007 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraβe 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Edwige Otero
- SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers , 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraβe 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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8
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Rees JA, Bjornsson R, Kowalska JK, Lima FA, Schlesier J, Sippel D, Weyhermüller T, Einsle O, Kovacs JA, DeBeer S. Comparative electronic structures of nitrogenase FeMoco and FeVco. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2445-2455. [PMID: 28154874 PMCID: PMC5322470 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00128b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An investigation of the active site cofactors of the molybdenum and vanadium nitrogenases (FeMoco and FeVco) was performed using high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy. Synthetic heterometallic iron-sulfur cluster models and density functional theory calculations complement the study of the MoFe and VFe holoproteins using both non-resonant and resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy. Spectroscopic data show the presence of direct iron-heterometal bonds, which are found to be weaker in FeVco. Furthermore, the interstitial carbide is found to perturb the electronic structures of the cofactors through highly covalent Fe-C bonding. The implications of these conclusions are discussed in light of the differential reactivity of the molybdenum and vanadium nitrogenases towards various substrates. Possible functional roles for both the heterometal and the interstitial carbide are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Rees
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA.
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. and Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Joanna K Kowalska
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Frederico A Lima
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. and Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory - LNLS Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000 13083-970 Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Schlesier
- Institute for Biochemistry and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Sippel
- Institute for Biochemistry and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institute for Biochemistry and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Julie A Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA.
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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9
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Bjornsson R, Neese F, Schrock RR, Einsle O, DeBeer S. The discovery of Mo(III) in FeMoco: reuniting enzyme and model chemistry. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 20:447-60. [PMID: 25549604 PMCID: PMC4334110 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation is enabled by molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase enzymes, which effect the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia using an Fe7MoS9C active site, referred to as the iron molybdenum cofactor or FeMoco. In this mini-review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular and electronic structure of FeMoco. The advances in our understanding of the active site structure are placed in context with the parallel evolution of synthetic model studies. The recent discovery of Mo(III) in the FeMoco active site is highlighted with an emphasis placed on the important role that model studies have played in this finding. In addition, the reactivities of synthetic models are discussed in terms of their relevance to the enzymatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnar Bjornsson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim and Der Ruhr, Germany,
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10
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Taniyama N, Ohki Y, Tatsumi K. Synthesis of V/Fe/S Clusters Using Vanadium(III) Thiolate Complexes Bearing a Phenoxide-Based Tridentate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5438-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Taniyama
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tatsumi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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11
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Bjornsson R, Lima FA, Spatzal T, Weyhermüller T, Glatzel P, Bill E, Einsle O, Neese F, DeBeer S. Identification of a spin-coupled Mo(iii) in the nitrogenase iron–molybdenum cofactor. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00337c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molybdenum atom in FeMoco is imperative to the high activity of the enzyme and has been proposed to be Mo(iv). We demonstrate that only Mo(iii) fits Mo HERFD XAS data, the first example of Mo(iii) in biology. Theoretical calculations further reveal an unusual spin-coupled Mo(iii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnar Bjornsson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frederico A. Lima
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Spatzal
- Institute for Biochemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institute for Biochemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca, USA
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12
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Scott TA, Holm RH. VFe3S4 single and double cubane clusters: synthesis, structures, and dependence of redox potentials and electron distribution on ligation and heterometal. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:3426-32. [PMID: 18366157 DOI: 10.1021/ic702372f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Both vanadium and molybdenum cofactor clusters are found in nitrogenase. In biomimetic research, many fewer heterometal MFe3S4 cubane-type clusters have been synthesized with M = V than with M = Mo because of the well-established structural relationship of the latter to the molybdenum coordination unit in the enzyme. In this work, a series of single cubane and edge-bridged double cubane clusters containing the cores [VFe3(mu3-S)4]2+ and [V2Fe6(mu3-S)6(mu4-S)2]2+ have been prepared by ligand substitution of the phosphine clusters [(Tp)VFe3S4(PEt3)3]1+ and [(Tp)2V2Fe6S8(PEt3)4]. The single cubanes [(Tp)VFe3S4L3]2- and double cubanes [(Tp)2V2Fe6S8L4]4- (L= F-, N3-, CN-, PhS-) are shown by X-ray structures to have trigonal symmetry and centrosymmetry, respectively. Single cubanes form the three-member electron transfer series [(Tp)VFe3S4L3]3-,2-,1-. The ligand dependence of redox potentials and electron distribution in cluster cores as sensed by 57Fe isomer shifts (delta) have been determined. Comparison of these results with those previously determined for the analogous molybdenum clusters (Pesavento, Berlinguette, and Holm Inorg. Chem. 2007, 46, 510) allows detection of the influence of heterometal M on the properties. At constant M and variable L, redox potentials are lowest for pi-donor ligands and largest for cyanide and relate approximately with decreasing ferrous character in clusters with constant charge z = 2-. At constant L and z and variable M, EV > E(Mo) and delta(av)V < delta(av)Mo, demonstrating that M = Mo clusters are more readily oxidized and suggesting a qualitative relation between lower potentials (greater ease of oxidation) and ferrous character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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13
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Hernandez‐Molina R, Kalinina IV, Sokolov MN, Peris G, Llusar R. Studies on Iron‐Containing Chalcogenide Clusters with Core M3FeQ4 (M=Mo, W; Q=S, Se). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15533170701740867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hernandez‐Molina
- a Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Universidad de La Laguna , Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Irina V. Kalinina
- a Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Universidad de La Laguna , Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Maxim N. Sokolov
- b Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS , Novosibirsk, Russia
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Lee SC, Holm RH. The clusters of nitrogenase: synthetic methodology in the construction of weak-field clusters. Chem Rev 2004; 104:1135-58. [PMID: 14871151 DOI: 10.1021/cr0206216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonny C Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Crans DC, Smee JJ, Gaidamauskas E, Yang L. The chemistry and biochemistry of vanadium and the biological activities exerted by vanadium compounds. Chem Rev 2004; 104:849-902. [PMID: 14871144 DOI: 10.1021/cr020607t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 989] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA.
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Zuo JL, Zhou HC, Holm RH. Vanadium-iron-sulfur clusters containing the cubane-type [VFe3S4] core unit: synthesis of a cluster with the topology of the PN cluster of nitrogenase. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:4624-31. [PMID: 12870953 DOI: 10.1021/ic0301369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic method affording a topological analogue of the electron-transfer P-cluster of nitrogenase (Fe(8)S(7)(mu(2)-S(Cys))(2)) in the P(N) state has been devised, based in part on our previous development of cubane-type VFe(3)S(4) clusters (Hauser, C.; Bill, E.; Holm, R. H. Inorg. Chem. 2002, 41, 1615-1624). The cluster [(Tp)VFe(3)S(4)Cl(3)](2-) (1) is converted to [(Tp)VFe(3)S(4)(PR(3))(3)](1+) (R = Et (2), Bu (3)) by reaction with R(3)P. The phosphine ligands are readily substituted, leading to [(Tp)VFe(3)S(4)(SR)(3)](2-) (R = Ph (4), H (5)). Reduction of 2 or 3 with cobaltocene produces the edge-bridged double cubanes [(Tp)(2)V(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PR(3))(4)] (R = Et (6), Bu (7)), which are readily converted to [(Tp)(2)V(2)Fe(6)S(8)(SPh)(4)](4-) (8). The structures of clusters 3-5 and 8 were proven crystallographically. Cluster 8 has the double-cubane structure previously shown for 6, in which two cubane units are bridged by two Fe-(mu(4)-S) bonds. (57)Fe isomer shifts are consistent with the formulation [VFe(2.33+)(3)S(4)](2+) for the single cubanes and the all-ferrous description 2[VFe(2+)(3)S(4)](1+) for the double cubanes. Reaction of 6 with 4 equiv of (Et(4)N)(HS) in acetonitrile results in the insertion of sulfide with concomitant structural rearrangement and the formation of [(Tp)(2)V(2)Fe(6)S(9)(SH)(2)](4-) (10), obtained in ca. 50% yield as the Et(4)N(+) salt. The cluster has C(2) symmetry, with two all-ferrous VFe(3)S(4) fragments bridged by a common mu(6)-S atom and two mu(2)-S atoms that simulate the bridging atoms in the two Fe-(mu(2)-S(Cys))-Fe bridges of the P(N) cluster. The bridge pattern V(2)Fe(6)(mu(2)-S)(2)(mu(3)-S)(6)(mu(6)-S) and cluster shape match those of the native cluster. A best-fit superposition of the cores of 10 and the P(N) cluster affords a weighted rms deviation in atom positions of 0.33 A. Cluster 10 and [(Tp)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(9)(SH)(2)](3-), prepared by a related route (Zhang, Y.; Holm, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 3910-3920), demonstrate that the topology of the P(N) cluster can be achieved in molecular form in the absence of protein structure (Tp = tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lin Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Hauser C, Bill E, Holm RH. Single- and double-cubane clusters in the multiple oxidation states [VFe(3)S(4)](3+,2+,1+). Inorg Chem 2002; 41:1615-24. [PMID: 11896732 DOI: 10.1021/ic011011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of cubane-type [VFe(3)S(4)](z)() clusters (z = 1+, 2+, 3+) has been prepared as possible precursor species for clusters related to those present in vanadium-containing nitrogenase. Treatment of [(HBpz(3))VFe(3)S(4)Cl(3)](2)(-) (2, z = 2+), protected from further reaction at the vanadium site by the tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate ligand, with ferrocenium ion affords the oxidized cluster [(HBpz(3))VFe(3)S(4)Cl(3)](1)(-) (3, z = 3+). Reaction of 2 with Et(3)P results in chloride substitution to give [(HBpz(3))VFe(3)S(4)(PEt(3))(3)](1+) (4, z = 2+). Reaction of 4 with cobaltocene reduced the cluster with formation of the edge-bridged double-cubane [(HBpz(3))(2)V(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(4)] (5, z = 1+, 1+), which with excess chloride underwent ligand substitution to afford [(HBpz(3))(2)V(2)Fe(6)S(8)Cl(4)](4)(-) (6, z = 1+, 1+). X-ray structures of (Me(4)N)[3], [4](PF(6)), 5, and (Et(4)N)(4)[6] x 2MeCN are described. Cluster 5 is isostructural with previously reported [(Cl(4)cat)(2)(Et(3)P)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(4)] and contains two VFe(3)S(4) cubanes connected across edges by a Fe(2)S(2) rhomb in which the bridging Fe-S distances are shorter than intracubane Fe-S distances. Mössbauer (2-5), magnetic (2-5), and EPR (2, 4) data are reported and demonstrate an S = 3/2 ground state for 2 and 4 and a diamagnetic ground state for 3. Analysis of (57)Fe isomer shifts based on an empirical correlation between shift and oxidation state and appropriate reference shifts results in two conclusions. (i) The oxidation 2 --> 3 + e(-) results in a change in electron density localized largely or completely on the Fe(3) subcluster and associated sulfur atoms. (ii) The most appropriate charge distributions are [V(3+)Fe(3+)Fe(2+)(2)S(4)](2+) (Fe(2.33+)) for 1, 2, and 4 and [V(3+)Fe(3+)(2)Fe(2+)S(4)](3+) (Fe(2.67+)) for 3 and [V(2)Fe(6)S(8)(SEt)(9)](3+). Conclusion i applies to every MFe(3)S(4) cubane-type cluster thus far examined in different redox states at parity of cluster ligation. The formalistic charge distributions are regarded as the best current approximations to electron distributions in these delocalized species. The isomer shifts require that iron atoms are mixed-valence in each cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hauser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Rüttimann-Johnson C, Staples CR, Rangaraj P, Shah VK, Ludden PW. A vanadium and iron cluster accumulates on VnfX during iron-vanadium-cofactor synthesis for the vanadium nitrogenase in Azotobacter vinelandii. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:18087-92. [PMID: 10364262 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.25.18087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The vnf-encoded nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii contains an iron-vanadium cofactor (FeV-co) in its active site. Little is known about the synthesis pathway of FeV-co, other than that some of the gene products required are also involved in the synthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of the widely studied molybdenum-dinitrogenase. We have found that VnfX, the gene product of one of the genes contained in the vnf-regulon, accumulates iron and vanadium in a novel V-Fe cluster during synthesis of FeV-co. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and metal analyses of the V-Fe cluster accumulated on VnfX are consistent with a VFe7-8Sx precursor of FeV-co. The EPR spectrum of VnfX with the V-Fe cluster bound strongly resembles that of isolated FeV-co and a model VFe3S4 compound. The V-Fe cluster accumulating on VnfX does not contain homocitrate. No accumulation of V-Fe cluster on VnfX was observed in strains with deletions in genes known to be involved in the early steps of FeV-co synthesis, suggesting that it corresponds to a precursor of FeV-co. VnfX purified from a nifB strain incapable of FeV-co synthesis has a different electrophoretic mobility in native anoxic gels than does VnfX, which has the V-Fe cluster bound. NifB-co, the Fe and S precursor of FeMo-co (and presumably FeV-co), binds to VnfX purified from the nifB strain, producing a shift in its electrophoretic mobility on anoxic native gels. The data suggest that a precursor of FeV-co that contains vanadium and iron accumulates on VnfX, and thus, VnfX is involved in the synthesis of FeV-co.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rüttimann-Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Johnson MK, Duderstadt RE, Duin EC. Biological and Synthetic [Fe3S4] Clusters. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Huang J, Mukerjee S, Segal BM, Akashi H, Zhou J, Holm RH. Molybdenum−Iron Sulfide-Bridged Double Cubanes. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja971401q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiesheng Huang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Subhashish Mukerjee
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Brent M. Segal
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Haruo Akashi
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Jian Zhou
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - R. H. Holm
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Akashi H, Uryû N, Shibahara T. Magnetic susceptibility analysis of mixed metal cubane-type cluster complexes, [tetra-μ3-thiotris{tri(aqua)molybdenum}aquairon](4+)p-toluensulfonate heptahydrate and [tetra-μ3-thiotris{tri(aqua)molybdenum}aquanickel](4+)p-toluensulfonate heptahydrate. Inorganica Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(96)05579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Modeling the biological chemistry of vanadium: Structural and reactivity studies elucidating biological function. METAL SITES IN PROTEINS AND MODELS 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-62874-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Koehler BP, Mukund S, Conover RC, Dhawan IK, Roy R, Adams MWW, Johnson MK. Spectroscopic Characterization of the Tungsten and Iron Centers in Aldehyde Ferredoxin Oxidoreductases from Two Hyperthermophilic Archaea. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja962197u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Koehler
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Swarnalatha Mukund
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Richard C. Conover
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Ish K. Dhawan
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Roopali Roy
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Michael W. W. Adams
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Michael K. Johnson
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Kawaguchi H, Tatsumi K, Cramer RE. Five- and Six-Coordinate 2-Methyl-2-propanethiolato Complexes of Zirconium(IV): Synthesis and Structures of [Li(DME)(3)][Zr(SCMe(3))(5)] and [(THF)Li](2)Zr(SCMe(3))(6). Inorg Chem 1996; 35:4391-4395. [PMID: 11666656 DOI: 10.1021/ic951211l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Five-coordinate and six-coordinate 2-methyl-2-propanethiolato complexes of zirconium, [Li(DME)(3)][Zr(SCMe(3))(5)] (1) and [(THF)Li](2)Zr(SCMe(3))(6) (2), were obtained from the ZrCl(4)/LiSCMe(3) reaction system. The control of the Zr coordination number, by the ether ligands, THF or DME, bound to Li, is demonstrated by the conversion of 2 into 1 upon dissolution in DME. 1 and 2 were crystallographically characterized. The structures are extensively disordered. Crystal data follow: 1, hexagonal P6(3)/m, a = b = 12.496(3) Å, c = 17.561(9) Å, Z = 2, V = 2375(1) Å(3), R = 5.0%, R(w) = 6.8%; 2, trigonal R32, a = b = 11.813(3) Å, c = 28.37(1) Å, Z = 3, V = 3428(1) Å(3), R = 5.2%, R(w) = 6.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan, and University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
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Catalytic and stoichiometric multielectron reduction of hydrazine to ammonia and acetylene to ethylene with clusters that contain the MFe3S4 cores (MMo, V). Relevance to the function of nitrogenase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/1381-1169(95)00168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Mössbauer characterization of the metal clusters in Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase VFe protein. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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28
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Liu CW, Yang XF, Lin XR, Lu JX. The bonding characteristics of the MFeS (M = V, Mo, W) cluster compounds. Polyhedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)83347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Novel Iron—Sulfur Centers in Metalloenzymes and Redox Proteins from Extremely Thermophilic Bacteria. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Holm R. Trinuclear Cuboidal and Heterometallic Cubane-Type Iron–Sulfur Clusters: New Structural and Reactivity Themes in Chemistry and Biology. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Snyder B, Reynolds M, Holm R, Papaefthymiou G, Frankel R. Electronic properties of monocapped prismane and basket iron-sulphur clusters. Polyhedron 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)81590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Characterization of a tungsten-iron-sulfur protein exhibiting novel spectroscopic and redox properties from the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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33
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Structure, bonding and electron counts in cubane-type cluster having M4S4, M2M′2S4 and MM′3S4 cores. Polyhedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)86283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Ein Cubancluster mit dem [MoFe3S4]0-Gerüst und seine mögliche Relevanz im Hinblick auf die Fe3-Zentren in Ferredoxinen: das [Fe3S4(SEt)3Mo(CO)3]3⊖-Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19881001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Zanello P. Electrochemistry of metal-sulfur clusters: stereochemical consequences of thermodynamically characterized redox changes. Coord Chem Rev 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0010-8545(88)80007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Kovacs JA, Bashkin JK, Holm R. [Fe2S2(CO)6]2− as a cluster precursor: synthesis and structure of [MoFe3S6(CO)6]2− and oxidative decarbonylation to a persulfide-bridged MoFe3S4 double cubane. Polyhedron 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)80908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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