Syntheses, Structures, and Photoluminescence Properties of Metal(II) Halide Complexes with Pyridine-Containing Flexible Tripodal Ligands

C-H amination chemistry mediated by trinuclear Cu(I) sites supported by a ligand scaffold featuring an arene platform and tetramethylguanidinyl residues

Tripodal ligands that can encapsulate single or multiple metal sites in C3-symmetric geometric configurations constitute valuable targets for novel catalysts. Of particular interest in ligand development are efforts toward incorporating apical elements that exhibit little if any electron donicity, to enhance the electrophilic nature of a trans positioned active oxidant (e.g., metal-oxo, -nitrene). The tripodal ligand TMG3trphen-Arene has been synthesized, featuring an arene platform 1,3,5-substituted with phenylene arms possessing tetramethylguanidinyl (TMG) residues. Compound [(TMG3trphen-Arene)Cu3(μ-Cl)3] has been subsequently synthesized by extracting a Cu3(μ-Cl)3 cluster from anhydrous CuCl and shown to encapsulate a crown-shaped Cu3(μ-Cl)3 fragment, supported by Cu-NTMG bonds and modest Cu3⋯arene long-range contacts. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) indicates that electrostatic contributions to the total interaction energy far exceed those due to orbital interactions. The latter involve orbital pairings largely associated with the NTMG stabilization of the Cu3(μ-Cl)3 cluster. The independent gradient model based on the Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) corroborates that contacts between the arene platform and the Cu3 triangle are noncovalent in nature. Catalyst [(TMG3trphen-Arene)Cu3(μ-Cl)3] enables amination of sec-benzylic and tert-C-H bonds of a panel of substrates by pre-synthesized PhINTces in solvent matrices that incorporate small amounts of HFIP. The involvement of an electrophilic aminating agent is evidenced by the better yields obtained for electron-rich benzylic sites and is further supported by Hammett analysis that reveals the development of a small positive charge during C-H bond activation. A rather modest KIE effect (2.1) is obtained from intramolecular H(D) competition in the amination of ethylbenzene, at the borderline of reported values for concerted and stepwise C-H amination systems. DFT analysis of the putative copper-nitrene oxidant indicates that the nitrene N atom is bridging between two copper sites in closely spaced triplet (ground state) and broken-symmetry singlet electronic configurations.

Effect of pyridyl donors from organic ligands versus metalloligands on material design

This review illustrates designs and structures of various coordination frameworks constructed using assorted organic ligands and metalloligands offering pyridyl donors to evaluate the impact of flexibility versus rigidity on material design.

Coordination Assemblies of Zn(II) Coordination Polymers: Positional Isomeric Effect and Optical Properties

Two Zn(II) coordination polymers (CPs) [Zn(L)(pphda)] (1) and [Zn(L)(ophda)]·H2O (2) were prepared by reactions of ZnSO4·7H2O based on the N-donor 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene (L) ligand and two flexible carboxylic acids isomers of 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid (H2pphda) and 1,2-phenylenediacetic acid (H2ophda) as mixed ligands, respectively. Structures of CPs 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, Infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The CP 1 is a fourfold interpenetrating 66-diamond (dia) architecture, while 2 is a 2D (4, 4) square lattice (sql) layer based on the Zn2(cis-1,2-ophda2−)2 binuclear Zn(II) subunits. The luminescent property, including luminescence lifetime and quantum yield (QY), have been investigated for CPs 1 and 2.

Crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of a new monomeric copper(II) complex: bis(3-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)imino]methyl}-4-nitrophenolato-κ3O,N,O')copper(II)

Copper(II)-Schiff base complexes have attracted extensive interest due to their structural, electronic, magnetic and luminescence properties. The title novel monomeric Cu^II complex, [Cu(C₁₀H₁₁N₂O₄)₂], has been synthesized by the reaction of 3-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)imino]methyl}-4-nitrophenol (H₂L) and copper(II) acetate monohydrate in methanol, and was characterized by elemental analysis, UV and IR spectroscopies, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and a photoluminescence study. The Cu^II atom is located on a centre of inversion and is coordinated by two imine N atoms, two phenoxy O atoms in a mutual trans disposition and two hydroxy O atoms in axial positions, forming an elongated octahedral geometry. In the crystal, intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form a one-dimensional chain structure and π-π contacts also connect the molecules to form a three-dimensional structure. The solid-state photoluminescence properties of the complex and free H₂L have been investigated at room temperature in the visible region. When the complex and H₂L are excited under UV light at 349 nm, the complex displays a strong green emission at 520 nm and H₂L displays a blue emission at 480 nm.

A new stepped tetranuclear copper(II) complex: synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence properties

Binuclear and tetranuclear copper(II) complexes are of interest because of their structural, magnetic and photoluminescence properties. Of the several important configurations of tetranuclear copper(II) complexes, there are limited reports on the crystal structures and solid-state photoluminescence properties of `stepped' tetranuclear copper(II) complexes. A new Cu^II complex, namely bis{μ₃-3-[(4-methoxy-2-oxidobenzylidene)amino]propanolato}bis{μ₂-3-[(4-methoxy-2-oxidobenzylidene)amino]propanolato}tetracopper(II), [Cu₄(C₁₁H₁₃NO₃)₄], has been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, solid-state UV-Vis spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure determination shows that the complex is a stepped tetranuclear structure consisting of two dinuclear [Cu₂(L)₂] units {L is 3-[(4-methoxy-2-oxidobenzylidene)amino]propanolate}. The two terminal Cu^II atoms are four-coordinated in square-planar environments, while the two central Cu^II atoms are five-coordinated in square-pyramidal environments. The solid-state photoluminescence properties of both the complex and 3-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)amino]propanol (H₂L) have been investigated at room temperature in the visible region. When the complex and H₂L are excited under UV light at 349 nm, the complex displays a strong blue emission at 469 nm and H₂L displays a green emission at 515 nm.

An unprecedented 3D architecture based on a Nb/W mixed-addendum polyoxometalate and lanthanide–organic complex: synthesis, crystal structure and properties

For the first time, a 3D framework based on lanthanide-containing Nb/W mixed-addendum polyoxometalate has been obtained by utilizing the steam-assisted conversion method.

Designing a heterotrinuclear Cu(II)-Ni(II)-Cu(II) complex from a mononuclear Cu(II) Schiff base precursor with dicyanamide as a coligand: synthesis, crystal structure, thermal and photoluminescence properties

Schiff bases are considered `versatile ligands' in coordination chemistry. The design of polynuclear complexes has become of interest due to their facile preparations and varied synthetic, structural and magnetic properties. The reaction of the `ligand complex' [CuL] {H2L is 2,2'-[propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenol} with Ni(OAc)2·4H2O (OAc is acetate) in the presence of dicyanamide (dca) leads to the formation of bis(dicyanamido-1κN(1))bis(dimethyl sulfoxide)-2κO,3κO-bis{μ-2,2'-[propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenolato}-1:2κ(6)O,O':O,N,N',O';1:3κ(6)O,O':O,N,N',O'-dicopper(II)nickel(II), [Cu2Ni(C17H16N2O2)2(C2N3)2(C2H6OS)2]. The complex shows strong absorption bands in the frequency region 2155-2269 cm(-1), which clearly proves the presence of terminal bonding dca groups. A single-crystal X-ray study revealed that two [CuL] units coordinate to an Ni(II) atom through the phenolate O atoms, with double phenolate bridges between Cu(II) and Ni(II) atoms. Two terminal dca groups complete the distorted octahedral geometry around the central Ni(II) atom. According to differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TGA), the title complex is stable up to 423 K and thermal decomposition starts with the release of two coordinated dimethyl sulfoxide molecules. Free H2L exhibits photoluminescence properties originating from intraligand (π-π*) transitions and fluorescence quenching is observed on complexation of H2L with Cu(II).

Crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of a new CdIIcoordination polymercatena-poly[bis[4-bromo-2-({[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]imino}methyl)phenolato-κ3N,N′,O]di-μ3-chlorido-di-μ2-chlorido-bis(methanol-κO)tricadmium(II)]

Schiff base–metal complexes have been used widely as catalysts for many organic reactions, such as ring-opening polymerization and oxidation. In view of the importance of CdIIcoordination polymers and in an effort to enlarge the library of such complexes, the title novel polymeric CdIItridentate Schiff base complex, [Cd3(C13H16BrN2O)2Cl4(CH4O)2]n, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, UV and IR spectroscopies, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the triclinicP\overline{1} space group with two symmetry-independent CdIIatoms, one of which lies on an inversion centre, and analysis of the crystal structure shows that both CdIIatoms are six-coordinated; the environment around one CdIIatom can be described as distorted octahedral, while that around the second CdIIatom is octahedral. The CdIIatoms are linked by chloride ligands to form a one-dimensional coordination polymer. The nonbonding intermolecular Cd...Cd distances are 3.7009 (4) and 4.3563 (5) Å. Furthermore, the photoluminescence properties of the complex have been investigated and it displays a strong red emission in the solid state at room temperature.

Syntheses and characterizations of six Co(ii) and Mn(ii) coordination polymers based on amino-substituted 5-aminoisophthalate and flexible bis(imidazolyl) ligands

The deprotection of amino-substituted 5-aminoisophthalates and competitive coordination with bis(imidazolyl) ligands show important effects on coordination polymers.

A pillar-layer MOF for detection of small molecule acetone and metal ions in dilute solution

A pillared-layer MOFs as luminescent probes has been covered which can be used to detect metal ions and small molecules. The results exhibit that its luminescent intensity is highly sensitive to Ni²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions and acetone molecules.

Photoluminescent and cytotoxic properties of multinuclear complexes and multinuclear-based polymers with group 12 metals and a tripodal ligand

Group 12 metal-based complexes constructed with a novel tripodal ligand display prominent photoluminescence, and zinc complex shows potential antitumor activity.

Positional isomeric effect on the structural variation of Cd(ii) coordination polymers based on flexible linear/V-shaped bipyridyl benzene ligands

Solvothermal reactions of Cd(OAc)₂·2H₂O with 2,2′-azodibenzoic acid and five positional isomeric N-donor bipyridyl benzene ligands in MeOH/H₂O at 170 °C gave rise to five coordination polymers. Complexes 1–5 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Multifunctional white-light-emitting metal-organic gels with a sensing ability of nitrobenzene

In this study, three novel luminescent nanofibrous metal-organic gels (MOGs) have been synthesized by the reaction of 1,3,5-tris(3-pyridylmethoxyl)benzene (L) with chloride salts of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Cu(II). The metal-ligand coordination, intermolecular π-π stacking and several other weak interactions found to play an important role in the formation of nanofibrous materials. The gel materials are characterized by rheology, diffuse reflectance spectra and various microscopic techniques such as TEM, FESEM, and AFM. The gels MOG-1 and MOG-2 were found to exhibit significant white photoluminescence, whereas the MOG-3 exhbits green emission upon excitation at 325 nm. Furthermore, the MOG-1 has shown its application as a chemosensor for the remarkable detection of nitroaromatics such as nitrobenzene (NB), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). The significant quenching response for NB and DNP is attributed to the strong charge-transfer interactions between the electron-deficient aromatic ring of NB and the electron rich aromatic group of L in MOG-1. The crystal structure of Cd(II) complex of L reveals the formation one-dimensional network which contains strong π-π interactions within and between the networks and these strong π-π interactions generate the free charge carrier in all these nanofibrous gels.

Fluorescent chemosensor based on sensitive Schiff base for selective detection of Zn2+

A Schiff-base fluorescent compound - N, N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2 - phenylenediamine (LH2) was synthesized and evaluated as a chemoselective Zn(2+) sensor. Addition of Zn(2+) to ethanol solution of LH2 resulted in a red shift with a pronounced enhancement in the fluorescence intensity. Moreover, other common alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal ions failed to induce response or minimal spectral changes. Notably, this chemosensor could distinguish clearly Zn(2+) from Cd(2+). Fluorescence studies on free Schiff base ligand LH2 and LH2 - Zn(2+) complex reveal that the quantum yield strongly increases upon coordination. The stoichiometric ratio and association constant were evaluated using Benesi - Hildebrand relation giving 1:1 stoichiometry. This further corroborated 1:1 complex formation based on Job's plot analyses.