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Aquilia S, Rosi L, Pinna M, Bianchi S, Giurlani W, Bonechi M, Ciardelli F, Papini AM, Bello C. Study of the Preparation and Properties of Chemically Modified Materials Based on Rapeseed Meal. Biomolecules 2024; 14:982. [PMID: 39199370 PMCID: PMC11352606 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing novel materials based on natural biopolymers as a renewable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. The availability of proteins derived from agricultural by-products, along with their favourable properties, has fostered a renewed interest in protein-based materials, promoting research in innovative technologies. In this study, we propose the use of rapeseed protein-rich meal as the main ingredient for the preparation of novel sustainable materials combining excellent environmental properties such as biodegradability and renewability. The application of sustainable products in the present high-tech society requires the modification of the basic native properties of these natural compounds. The original route proposed in this paper consists of preparation via the compression moulding of flexible biomaterials stabilized by crosslinkers/chain extenders. An investigation of the effects of different denaturing and disulfide bond reducing agents, crosslinkers, and preparation conditions on the material mechanical behaviour demonstrated that the novel materials have appreciable strength and stiffness. The results show the potential of utilizing full meal from vegetable by-products to prepare protein-based materials with guaranteed ecofriendly characteristics and mechanical properties adequate for specific structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aquilia
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.R.); (W.G.); (M.B.)
- Spin-PET S.r.l., Viale R. Piaggio 32, I-56025 Pontedera, Italy; (M.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Rosi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.R.); (W.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Michele Pinna
- Spin-PET S.r.l., Viale R. Piaggio 32, I-56025 Pontedera, Italy; (M.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Sabrina Bianchi
- Spin-PET S.r.l., Viale R. Piaggio 32, I-56025 Pontedera, Italy; (M.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Walter Giurlani
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.R.); (W.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Bonechi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.R.); (W.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesco Ciardelli
- Spin-PET S.r.l., Viale R. Piaggio 32, I-56025 Pontedera, Italy; (M.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.R.); (W.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Claudia Bello
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.R.); (W.G.); (M.B.)
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Abstract
For each kilogram of food protein wasted, between 15 and 750 kg of CO2 end up in the atmosphere. With this alarming carbon footprint, food protein waste not only contributes to climate change but also significantly impacts other environmental boundaries, such as nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, global freshwater use, change in land composition, chemical pollution, and biodiversity loss. This contrasts sharply with both the high nutritional value of proteins, as well as their unique chemical and physical versatility, which enable their use in new materials and innovative technologies. In this review, we discuss how food protein waste can be efficiently valorized not only by reintroduction into the food chain supply but also as a template for the development of sustainable technologies by allowing it to exit the food-value chain, thus alleviating some of the most urgent global challenges. We showcase three technologies of immediate significance and environmental impact: biodegradable plastics, water purification, and renewable energy. We discuss, by carefully reviewing the current state of the art, how proteins extracted from food waste can be valorized into key players to facilitate these technologies. We furthermore support analysis of the extant literature by original life cycle assessment (LCA) examples run ad hoc on both plant and animal waste proteins in the context of the technologies considered, and against realistic benchmarks, to quantitatively demonstrate their efficacy and potential. We finally conclude the review with an outlook on how such a comprehensive management of food protein waste is anticipated to transform its carbon footprint from positive to negative and, more generally, have a favorable impact on several other important planetary boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Peydayesh
- ETH
Zurich, Department of Health
Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Bagnani
- ETH
Zurich, Department of Health
Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wei Long Soon
- ETH
Zurich, Department of Health
Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center
for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH
Zurich, Department of Health
Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Reactive processing preparation of sustainable composites from canola meal reinforced by chemical modification. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jan K, Riar CS, Saxena DC. Value addition to agro industrial by-products: Effect of temperature and plasticizer on various properties of pellets developed using extrusion technology. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kulsum Jan
- Department of Bioengineering and Food Technology; Shoolini University; Bajhol Himachal Pradesh 173 229 India
| | - C. S. Riar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology; Longowal Punjab 148 106 India
| | - D. C. Saxena
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology; Longowal Punjab 148 106 India
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Jan K, Riar CS, Saxena DC. Characterization of agro-industrial byproducts and wastes for sustainable industrial application. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Jan K, Riar C, Saxena D. Value Addition to Food Industry By-Products and Wastes (Deoiled Rice Bran and Banana Peel) by Optimizing Pellets' Formulation Using Response Surface Methodology: Characterisation and Classification by PCA Approach. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kulsum Jan
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology; Longowal Punjab 148106 India
| | - C.S. Riar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology; Longowal Punjab 148106 India
| | - D.C. Saxena
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology; Longowal Punjab 148106 India
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Engineering and functional properties of biodegradable pellets developed from various agro-industrial wastes using extrusion technology. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:7625-39. [PMID: 26604339 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Different agro-industrial wastes were mixed with different plasticizers and extruded to form the pellets to be used further for development of biodegradable molded pots. Bulk density and macro-porosity are the important engineering properties used to determine the functional characteristics of the biodegradable pellets viz., expansion volume, water solubility, product colour, flowability and compactness. Significant differences in the functional properties of pellets with varying bulk densities (loose and tapped) and macro-porosities (loose, tapped) were observed. The observed mean bulk density of biodegradable pellets made from different formulations ranged between 0.213 and 0.560 g/ml for loose fill conditions and 0.248 to 0.604 g/ml for tapped fill conditions. Biodegradable pellets bear a good compaction for both loose and tapped fill methods. The mean macro-porosity of biodegradable pellets ranged between 1.19 and 54.48 % for loose fill condition and 0.29 to 53.35 % for tapped fill condition. Hausner ratio (HR) for biodegradable pellets varied from 1.026 to 1.328, indicating a good flowability of biodegradable pellets. Pearson's correlation between engineering properties and functional properties of biodegradable pellets revealed that from engineering properties functional properties can be predicted.
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Fan B, Wu Q. Thermoplastic starch modified with polyurethane microparticles: Effects of hydrophilicity of polyurethane prepolymer. STARCH-STARKE 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen X, Wu Z, Wu Q. Tough Thermoplastic Starch Modified with Polyurethane Microparticles: The Effects of NCO Content in Prepolymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200321u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, 430079
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, 430079
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, 430079
| | - Zhengshun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, 430079
| | - Qiangxian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, 430079
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Zhang Y, Fan B, Zhang P, Leng Y, Zhu M, Wu Q. Thermoplastic starches modified with polyurethane microparticles: The effects of isocyanate types in polyurethane. STARCH-STARKE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Wu Q, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Fan B, Zhu M, Wu Z. Thermoplastic starch modified with hydrophobic polyurethane microparticles. STARCH-STARKE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhang P, Chen X, Wu Z, Wu Q. Tough Thermoplastic Starch Modified with Polyurethane Microparticles: Effects of Molecular Weight of Soft Segments in Polyurethane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie102068v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Green Polymer Lab, Polymer Science Department, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, P. R. China, 430079
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Green Polymer Lab, Polymer Science Department, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, P. R. China, 430079
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Green Polymer Lab, Polymer Science Department, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, P. R. China, 430079
| | - Zhengshun Wu
- Green Polymer Lab, Polymer Science Department, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, P. R. China, 430079
| | - Qiangxian Wu
- Green Polymer Lab, Polymer Science Department, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, P. R. China, 430079
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Three-phase model and digital image correlation to assess the interphase effect on the elasticity of carbohdyrate polymer-based composites reinforced with glass–silica beads. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Thermal and microstructural characterization of biodegradable films prepared by extrusion–calendering process. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Corradini E, Marconcini JM, Agnelli JA, Mattoso LH. Thermoplastic blends of corn gluten meal/starch (CGM/Starch) and corn gluten meal/polyvinyl alcohol and corn gluten meal/poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (CGM/PHB-V). Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Kumar R. Effect of Water-Mediated Arylation Time on the Properties of Soy Protein Films. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa
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18
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Abstract
Biodegradable plastics are those that can be completely degraded in landfills, composters or sewage treatment plants by the action of naturally occurring micro-organisms. Truly biodegradable plastics leave no toxic, visible or distinguishable residues following degradation. Their biodegradability contrasts sharply with most petroleum-based plastics, which are essentially indestructible in a biological context. Because of the ubiquitous use of petroleum-based plastics, their persistence in the environment and their fossil-fuel derivation, alternatives to these traditional plastics are being explored. Issues surrounding waste management of traditional and biodegradable polymers are discussed in the context of reducing environmental pressures and carbon footprints. The main thrust of the present review addresses the development of plant-based biodegradable polymers. Plants naturally produce numerous polymers, including rubber, starch, cellulose and storage proteins, all of which have been exploited for biodegradable plastic production. Bacterial bioreactors fed with renewable resources from plants – so-called ‘white biotechnology’ – have also been successful in producing biodegradable polymers. In addition to these methods of exploiting plant materials for biodegradable polymer production, the present review also addresses the advances in synthesizing novel polymers within transgenic plants, especially those in the polyhydroxyalkanoate class. Although there is a stigma associated with transgenic plants, especially food crops, plant-based biodegradable polymers, produced as value-added co-products, or, from marginal land (non-food), crops such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), have the potential to become viable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics and an environmentally benign and carbon-neutral source of polymers.
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Kumar R, Zhang L. Water-Induced Hydrophobicity of Soy Protein Materials Containing 2,2-Diphenyl-2-hydroxyethanoic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2430-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800396x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Kim S. Processing and properties of gluten/zein composite. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:2032-6. [PMID: 17482808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer composites have been formed by mixing component materials in extruders or compression molds. Agricultural biopolymers are usually mixtures of several compounds; however, high-temperature processing can cause unwanted consequences such as decomposition, gas generation, and phase-separation. This report introduces a new technology to form biodegradable polymer composites that can replace existing petroleum-based polymers. With this newly developed process, polymer composites are produced at room temperature. During the process, micrometer-scale raw materials are coated with zein, which has strong adhesive properties, and are then compressed to form a rigid coherent material. Since this technique does not require purification of the raw materials, various types of compounds can be used as component materials. In this report, wheat protein, gluten, was used as a matrix material. The compressive yield strength of the product formed from gluten is ca. 40 MPa, comparable to that of polypropylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Kim
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Lawton JW, Selling GW, Willett JL. Corn Gluten Meal as a Thermoplastic Resin: Effect of Plasticizers and Water Content. Cereal Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-85-2-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Lawton
- Plant Polymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
- New address: Poet Research, 4615 N. Lewis Ave. Sioux Falls, SD 57104
- Corresponding author. Phone: 605-965-2333. Fax: 605-965-5173. E-mail address:
| | - G. W. Selling
- Plant Polymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
| | - J. L. Willett
- Plant Polymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
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Pfister DP, Baker JR, Henna PH, Lu Y, Larock RC. Preparation and properties of tung oil-based composites using spent germ as a natural filler. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Corradini E, Agnelli JAM, Morais LCD, Mattoso LHC. Estudo das propriedades de compósitos biodegradáveis de amido/glúten de milho/glicerol reforçados com fibras de sisal. POLIMEROS 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282008000400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neste estudo, fibras de sisal foram utilizadas como reforço para a matriz constituída de amido, glúten de milho e glicerol. O teor de fibra em relação a matriz variou de 5 a 30%. O processamento da matriz e dos compósitos foi realizado em um reômetro de torque Haake à 130 °C, 50 rpm por 10 minutos. As misturas obtidas foram moldadas por compressão à quente. As propriedades mecânicas; termodinâmico-mecânico (DMTA) e de absorção de água foram investigadas em função do teor de fibras na matriz de amido/glúten de milho/glicerol. O aumento do conteúdo de fibra provocou uma melhoria nas propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos com relação à matriz. O compósito reforçado com 30% de fibra de sisal apresentou aumento no módulo de elasticidade e tensão na ruptura de aproximadamente de 560 e 162%, respectivamente e diminuição nos valores de elongação na ruptura de 81%. Os resultados obtidos por DMTA mostraram aumento progressivo do módulo de armazenamento (E') e diminuição do módulo de amortecimento (tan d) com o aumento do teor de fibra, confirmando o efeito de reforço das fibras de sisal na matriz de amido/glúten de milho/glicerol. A incorporação das fibras na matriz também provocou diminuição da absorção de umidade e no coeficiente de difusão de água. A análise da morfologia dos compósitos mostrou boa dispersão das fibras na matriz.
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Corradini E, de Morais LC, Demarquette NR, Agnelli JAM, Mattoso LHC. Study of process parameters for starch, gluten, and glycerol mixtures. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Aithani D, Mohanty AK. Value-Added New Materials from Byproduct of Corn Based Ethanol Industries: Blends of Plasticized Corn Gluten Meal and Poly(ε-caprolactone). Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0513200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Aithani
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, 130 Packaging Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, 130 Packaging Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Ueberschaer A, Cagiao ME, Bayer RK, Henning S, Calleja FJB. Micromechanical properties of injection-molded starch–wood particle composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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