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Jegatheeswaran S, Ein-Mozaffari F. Gas Helicity Yields New Insights into Gas–Liquid Reactor Design: Enhanced Oxygen Transfer Rate of Coaxial Mixers at Low-Speed Ratio. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinthuran Jegatheeswaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, OntarioM5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, OntarioM5B 2K3, Canada
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2
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Adewale P, Yancheshmeh MS, Lam E. Starch modification for non-food, industrial applications: Market intelligence and critical review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Investigating a Stirred Bioreactor: Impact of Evolving Fermentation Broth Pseudoplastic Rheology on Mixing Mechanisms. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The culture medium in many fermentations is a non-Newtonian fluid. In bacterial alginate batch production, the broth becomes more pseudoplastic as the alginate concentration increases, which impairs the mixing process. This work characterizes the effect of the interaction between changing broth rheology and impeller mixing on a bioreactor fluid dynamics. Experimentally, a fermentation with evolving broth pseudoplastic rheology is reproduced. Three fermentation stages are mimicked using appropriate solutions of water and xanthan gum. Impeller torque measurements are reported. The weakening of the impellers’ interaction over the fermentation process is identified. To overcome the experimental limitations, CFD is applied to study the evolution of the fermentation fluid flow patterns, velocity field, dead zones, and vortical structures. Precessional vortex macro-instabilities are identified as being responsible for the unstable flow patterns identified at the earlier stages of the fermentation. A stable parallel flow pattern accounts for the weakest impellers’ interaction at the final stage. Overall, this work contributes with a complete workflow to adapt CFD models for characterization and aided design of stirred tanks with changing broth pseudoplastic rheology as well as an evolving flow regime.
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4
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Gas Dispersion in Non-Newtonian Fluids with Mechanically Agitated Systems: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas dispersion in non-Newtonian fluids is encountered in a broad range of chemical, biochemical, and food industries. Mechanically agitated vessels are commonly employed in these processes because they promote high degree of contact between the phases. However, mixing non-Newtonian fluids is a challenging task that requires comprehensive knowledge of the mixing flow to accurately design stirred vessels. Therefore, this review presents the developments accomplished by researchers in this field. The present work describes mixing and mass transfer variables, namely volumetric mass transfer coefficient, power consumption, gas holdup, bubble diameter, and cavern size. It presents empirical correlations for the mixing variables and discusses the effects of operating and design parameters on the mixing and mass transfer process. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the advantages of employing computational fluid dynamics tools to shed light on the hydrodynamics of this complex flow. The literature review shows that knowledge gaps remain for gas dispersion in yield stress fluids and non-Newtonian fluids with viscoelastic effects. In addition, comprehensive studies accounting for the scale-up of these mixing processes still need to be accomplished. Hence, further investigation of the flow patterns under different process and design conditions are valuable to have an appropriate insight into this complex system.
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5
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Hydrodynamics and Bubble Size Distribution in a Stirred Reactor. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Valverde MR, Bettega R, Badino AC. Numerical evaluation of mass transfer coefficient in stirred tank reactors with non-Newtonian fluid. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579516060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Patel D, Ein-Mozaffari F, Mehrvar M. Effect of rheological parameters on non-ideal flows in the continuous-flow mixing of biopolymer solutions. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Lu H, Li C, Tang W, Wang Z, Xia J, Zhang S, Zhuang Y, Chu J, Noorman H. Dependence of fungal characteristics on seed morphology and shear stress in bioreactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:917-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Wang G, Tang W, Xia J, Chu J, Noorman H, van Gulik WM. Integration of microbial kinetics and fluid dynamics toward model-driven scale-up of industrial bioprocesses. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jianye Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
| | | | - Walter M. van Gulik
- Department of Biotechnology, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation; Delft University of Technology; Delft The Netherlands
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11
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12
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Computational fluid dynamics as a modern tool for engineering characterization of bioreactors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.13.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Brüning S, Weuster-Botz D. CFD analysis of interphase mass transfer and energy dissipation in a milliliter-scale stirred-tank reactor for filamentous microorganisms. Chem Eng Res Des 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Wang G, Chu J, Noorman H, Xia J, Tang W, Zhuang Y, Zhang S. Prelude to rational scale-up of penicillin production: a scale-down study. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:2359-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Using tomography to assess the efficiency of the coaxial mixers in agitation of yield-pseudoplastic fluids. Chem Eng Res Des 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Agostini F, Sundberg C, Navia R. Is biodegradable waste a porous environment? A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2012; 30:1001-1015. [PMID: 22782804 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x12452444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a review of the porous physical characteristics, phenomena and simulation models so far investigated and applied in the management of biodegradable wastes (BW), summarising the main properties of porous media and the dynamics of fluids within its voids. The aim is to highlight how the description of biodegradable wastes as porous media and the use of porous media models can facilitate the development of new sustainable and affordable technologies for BW recycling. However, it is pointed out how the lack of physical experimental data and of tailored modelling tools has so far hampered the use of this approach. Therefore, it is suggested that a simpler way to design and implement modelling tools simulating BW treatment technologies is by modifying available models designed originally for other porous media, such as soil and rock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agostini
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technolgy, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Olmos E, Mehmood N, Haj Husein L, Goergen JL, Fick M, Delaunay S. Effects of bioreactor hydrodynamics on the physiology of Streptomyces. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:259-72. [PMID: 22923137 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces are filamentous bacteria which are widely used industrially for the production of therapeutic biomolecules, especially antibiotics. Bioreactor operating conditions may impact the physiological response of Streptomyces especially agitation and aeration as they influence hydromechanical stress, oxygen and nutrient transfer. The understanding of the coupling between physiological response and bioreactor hydrodynamics lies on a simultaneous description of the flow and transfers encountered by the bacteria and of the microbial response in terms of growth, consumption, morphology, production or intracellular signals. This article reviews the experimental and numerical works dedicated to the study of the coupling between bioreactor hydrodynamics and antibiotics producing Streptomyces. In a first part, the description of hydrodynamics used in these works is presented and then the main relations used. In a second part, the assumptions made in these works are discussed and put into emphasize. Lastly, the various Streptomyces physiological responses observed are detailed and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Olmos
- CNRS, 54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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18
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Efficient feeding profile optimization for recombinant protein production using physiological information. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 35:1637-49. [PMID: 22740334 PMCID: PMC3470689 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A multivariate study was performed aiming at the optimization of a recombinant rhamnose inducible E. coli induction system with alkaline phosphatase as target product. The effects of typical factors with impact on post- as well as pre-induction feeding rates were investigated with respect to the space–time yield of the target product. The goal was increased understanding as well as quantitative characterization of these factors with respect to their physiological impact on the model system. The optical density (OD) at which the culture was induced had a strong positive effect on the space–time yield. Pre-induction growth rate (k) had a second-order effect, while induction feed rate drop (J), a factor defining the linear post-induction feed rate, was interacting with (k). However, explanation of the observed effects to acquire more understanding regarding their effect on cell metabolism was not straight forward. Hence, the original process parameters were transformed into physiological more meaningful parameters and served as the basis for a multivariate data analysis. The observed variance with respect to observed volumetric activity was fully explained by the specific substrate uptake rate (qs) and induction OD, merging the process parameters pre-induction growth rate (k) and feed rate drop (J) into the physiological parameter specific substrate uptake rate (qs). After transformation of the response volumetric activity (U/ml) into the biomass specific activity (U/gbiomass), the observed variance was fully explained solely by the specific substrate uptake rate (qs). Due to physiological multivariate data analysis, the interpretation of the results was facilitated and factors were reduced. On the basis of the obtained results, it was concluded that the physiological parameter qs rather than process parameters (k, J, induction OD) should be used for process optimization with respect to the feeding profile.
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19
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RenNanqi, GuoWanqian, LiuBingfeng, CaoGuangli, DingJie. Biological hydrogen production by dark fermentation: challenges and prospects towards scaled-up production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:365-70. [PMID: 21612910 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among different technologies of hydrogen production, bio-hydrogen production exhibits perhaps the greatest potential to replace fossil fuels. Based on recent research on dark fermentative hydrogen production, this article reviews the following aspects towards scaled-up application of this technology: bioreactor development and parameter optimization, process modeling and simulation, exploitation of cheaper raw materials and combining dark-fermentation with photo-fermentation. Bioreactors are necessary for dark-fermentation hydrogen production, so the design of reactor type and optimization of parameters are essential. Process modeling and simulation can help engineers design and optimize large-scale systems and operations. Use of cheaper raw materials will surely accelerate the pace of scaled-up production of biological hydrogen. And finally, combining dark-fermentation with photo-fermentation holds considerable promise, and has successfully achieved maximum overall hydrogen yield from a single substrate. Future development of bio-hydrogen production will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- RenNanqi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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20
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Scale-down simulators for metabolic analysis of large-scale bioprocesses. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:114-21. [PMID: 20185293 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Analytical approaches for a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic networks in microbial cultures are mostly based on small-scale cultures which are in a steady state or undergo dynamic changes. For drawing conclusions to industrial-scale bioprocesses, however, it is important to understand that cells in large-scale bioreactors are exposed steadily to fast changes, because of an inhomogeneous environment. Analytical approaches that aim for large-scale bioprocess understanding need to apply specific laboratory simulators. Recent developments in cell cultivation techniques and computational tools provide improved possibilities to evaluate how a process will behave in the final scale. These simulators will pave the way for screening robust strains and process conditions.
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21
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Saeed S, Ein-Mozaffari F, Upreti SR. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics To Study the Dynamic Behavior of the Continuous Mixing of Herschel−Bulkley Fluids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800496x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salwan Saeed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Simant R. Upreti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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22
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Moilanen P, Laakkonen M, Visuri O, Aittamaa J. Modeling Local Gas−Liquid Mass Transfer in Agitated Viscous Shear-Thinning Dispersions with CFD. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie070566x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasi Moilanen
- Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 6100, FIN-02015 HUT Finland
| | - Marko Laakkonen
- Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 6100, FIN-02015 HUT Finland
| | - Olli Visuri
- Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 6100, FIN-02015 HUT Finland
| | - Juhani Aittamaa
- Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 6100, FIN-02015 HUT Finland
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23
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Abstract
A general mathematical model that predicts the flow fields in a mixed-flow anaerobic digester was developed. In this model, the liquid manure was assumed to be a non-Newtonian fluid, and the flow governed by the continuity, momentum, and k-epsilon standard turbulence equations, and non-Newtonian power law model. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, Fluent, was applied to simulate the flow fields of lab-scale, scale-up, and pilot-scale anaerobic digesters. The simulation results were validated against the experimental data from literature. The flow patterns were qualitatively compared for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids flow in a lab-scale digester. Numerical simulations were performed to predict the flow fields in scale-up and pilot-scale anaerobic digesters with different water pump power inputs and different total solid concentration (TS) in the liquid manure. The optimal power inputs were determined for the pilot-scale anaerobic digester. Some measures for reducing dead and low velocity zones were proposed based upon the CFD simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxin Wu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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