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Miele L, Di Lorenzo E, Guissart C, Di Maio E. Liquid foaming of TPU with Methylal. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32420. [PMID: 39183888 PMCID: PMC11341319 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This work investigates the peculiarities of using a liquid blowing agent, namely dimethoxymethane (Methylal) to foam a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in the laboratory practice of batch foaming equipment. We preliminarily measured thermodynamic properties of the polymer/gas system relevant to foaming, namely the vapor-liquid pressures at the TPU foaming temperatures. Three different paths were then explored for foaming. First, we used Methylal under its liquid-vapor equilibrium condition, in which both liquid and vapor are present. Secondly, we used Methylal in the liquid state to experiment with liquid foaming strategies. We have observed specific aspects, details, and issues related to the use of liquid blowing agents and devised strategies to deal with them. Finally, we used Methylal as a co-blowing agent together with CO2. In all cases, we examined the impact of pressure, pressure drop rate, and temperature on foam density and morphology. Overall, liquid foaming has proven to be a viable technique and Methylal an effective blowing agent, especially in cooperation with other gaseous blowing agents, where it significantly improves the expansion ratio of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Miele
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
- foamlab, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
- foamlab, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Céline Guissart
- Lambiotte et Compagnie S.A., Avenue des Aubépines, 18, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
- foamlab, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
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2
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Golmohammadi M, Salehabadi M, Janani H. Role of polymorphism in solid-state production of double-melting expanded polypropylene beads. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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3
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Lan X, Huang P, Chong Y, Wu F, Su Y, Luo H, Lee PC, Zheng W. Autoclave foaming and steam-chest molding of polypropylene/polybutene-1 blend bead foams and their crystallization and mechanical properties. J CELL PLAST 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x221150863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Expanded polypropylene (EPP) foams have showed wide applications in our daily life, such as automotive and packaging. Usually, autoclave foaming combined with steam-chest molding is the main artwork to prepare the high-precision EPP foam products. However, the foaming behavior of EPP and the excessive pressure required for molding still need to be further improved, which is great significance for energy saving and cost saving, etc. Herein, this study finds that adding a certain amount of polybutene-1 (PB-1) into the PP can help to reduce the temperature and pressure required for foaming/molding, and to broaden the foaming temperature. For example, in order to make the foam beads bonding well and with the expansion ratio of 20, the molding pressure should be higher than 2.7 bar for Neat PP foams, but just 1.5 bar for PP/PB-1 mixtures. Moreover, the effects of PB-1 content on the crystallization properties and foaming/molding behaviors of the PP/PB-1 bead foams are illustrated, and then the mechanical properties are also studied. Furthermore, the low-pressure foaming strategy presented here is beneficial for reducing the barriers of energy consumption and promoting the development of new bead foam materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Lan
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Pengke Huang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yunkai Chong
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaozhuo Su
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Luo
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Partrick C Lee
- Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Facile one-step method to manufacture polypropylene bead foams with outstanding thermal insulation and mechanical properties via supercritical CO2 extrusion foaming. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Jiang J, Liu F, Chen B, Li Y, Yang X, Tian F, Xu D, Zhai W. Microstructure development of PEBA and its impact on autoclave foaming behavior and inter-bead bonding of EPEBA beads. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Ranganathan P, Chen Y, Rwei S, Lee Y. Optically transparent bio‐based polyamides with microcellular foaming properties derived from renewable difunctional aminoamides. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Ranganathan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Hao Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Syang‐Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Huan Lee
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
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7
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Jiang J, Liu F, Yang X, Xiong Z, Liu H, Xu D, Zhai W. Evolution of ordered structure of TPU in high-elastic state and their influences on the autoclave foaming of TPU and inter-bead bonding of expanded TPU beads. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chul B. Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Wen S, Yu L, Phule AD, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhang ZX. Influence of 1-butene content on mechanical, thermal, and cushioning properties of propylene/1-butene copolymer foamed by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Jiang J, Feng W, Zhao D, Zhai W. Poly(ether imide)/Epoxy Foam Composites with a Microcellular Structure and Ultralow Density: Bead Foam Fabrication, Compression Molding, Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability, and Flame-Retardant Properties. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25784-25797. [PMID: 33073103 PMCID: PMC7557248 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to prepare ultralow-density microcellular foams based on high-performance polymers due to their low gas solubility and rigid polymer matrix. In this study, by applying microcellular foaming technology using CO2/acetone as the blowing agent, ultralow-density poly(ether imide) (PEI) bead foams with an expansion ratio of 30-56 times and cell density of 107-109 cells/cm3 were fabricated, resulting from the enhanced plasticization effect of the mixed fluid. The slow diffusivity of acetone at room temperature ensured the saturated PEI beads to foam after desorption for more than 6 days, which potentially reduces the transportation cost of PEI bead foams significantly. A novel compression molding process was developed to prepare the molded PEI bead foams (MPEIs) using epoxy as a coating agent. The good infiltration character of epoxy on bead foams endowed the MPEIs with excellent mechanical properties, together with an ultralow density of 80-200 kg/m3, long-term dimensional stability at 160 °C, and excellent flame-retardant properties of V0 rating. These features made the MPEIs very promising for many advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun
Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Ningbo
Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute
of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun
Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wentao Zhai
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun
Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Zhang H, Liu T, Li B, Li H, Cao Z, Jin G, Zhao L, Xin Z. Foaming and dimensional stability of LDPE foams with N2, CO2, i-C4H10 and CO2 - N2 mixtures as blowing agents. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Qiang W, Zhao L, Liu T, Liu Z, Gao X, Hu D. Systematic study of alcohols based co-blowing agents for polystyrene foaming in supercritical CO2: Toward the high efficiency of foaming process and foam structure optimization. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Liu Z, Qiu J, Shi Z, Zhang S, Xing H, Li M, Shi Y, Tang T. Adjusting cell structure of polypropylene composite foams by controlling the size and dispersed state of NaCl particles during CO2 batch foaming process. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Zou L, Li H, Wang D, Ma L, Prakashan K, Zhang ZX. Micro/nanocellular polyprolene/trans‐1,4‐polyisomprene (PP/TPI) blend foams by using supercritical nitrogen as blowing agent. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zou
- Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Huan Li
- Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence TechnologyGyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju‐daero Jinju 52828 South Korea
| | - Dan Wang
- Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Leyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Kundil Prakashan
- Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Zhen Xiu Zhang
- Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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15
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Feng W, Zou G, Ding Y, Ai T, Wang P, Ren Z, Ji J. Effect of Aliphatic Diacid Chain Length on Properties of Semiaromatic Copolyamides Based on PA10T and Their Theoretical Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wutong Feng
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangji Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianhao Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pingli Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhonglai Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junhui Ji
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Ma Z, Zhang G, Yang Q, Shi X, Li J, Zhang H, Qin J. Tailored morphologies and properties of high-performance microcellular poly(phenylene sulfide)/poly(ether ether ketone) (PPS/PEEK) blends. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Li M, Qiu J, Xing H, Fan D, Wang S, Li S, Jiang Z, Tang T. In-situ cooling of adsorbed water to control cellular structure of polypropylene composite foam during CO2 batch foaming process. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Steam-chest molding of expanded thermoplastic polyurethane bead foams and their mechanical properties. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Zhang R, Xiong Y, Liu Q, Hu S. Improved cell morphology and thermal properties of expanded polypropylene beads by the addition of PP with a high melting point. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430068 People's Republic of China
| | - Yezhi Xiong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430068 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingting Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430068 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfei Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430068 People's Republic of China
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20
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Li J, Zhang G, Zhu Q, Li J, Zhang H, Jing Z. Synthesis and properties of ultralow dielectric constant porous polyimide films containing trifluoromethyl groups. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Qi Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Jiantong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Zhanxin Jing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space, Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 China
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21
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Wang W, Zhou S, Xin Z, Shi Y, Zhao S. Polydimethylsiloxane assisted supercritical CO2 foaming behavior of high melt strength polypropylene grafted with styrene. Front Chem Sci Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-016-1577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Shahi P, Behravesh AH, Haghtalab A, Rizvi G, Goharpei F. An experimental study on foaming of linear low-density polyethylene/high-density polyethylene blends. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x16639033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this research work, foaming behavior of selected polyethylene blends was studied in a solid-state batch process, using CO2 as the blowing agent. Special emphasis was paid towards finding a relationship between foamability and thermal and rheological properties of blends. Pure high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, and their blends with two weight fraction levels of high-density polyethylene (10 and 25%wt.) were examined. The dry blended batches were mixed using an internal mixer in a molten state, and then the disk-shaped specimens, 1.8 mm in thickness, were produced for foaming purposes. The foaming step was conducted over a wide range of temperatures (120–170℃), and the overall expansion and cellular morphology were evaluated via density measurements and captured SEM micrographs, respectively. Three-dimensional structural images were also captured using a high resolution X-ray micro CT for different foamed samples and were compared. Rheological and DSC tests for the virgin and blends were also performed to seek for a possible correlation with the formability. Based on the results, blended polyethylene foams exhibited remarkable expansion and highly enhanced cell structure compared to pure polymers. Bulk density, as low as 0.33 g/cm3, was obtained for blends, while for the virgin high-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene, bulk density lower than 0.5 g/cm3 was not attainable. The lowest density was observed at a foaming temperature of 10–20℃ above the melting (peak) temperature obtained via DSC test. Rheological characteristics, including storage modulus and cross-over frequency value, were also found to be the indicators for the materials foaming behavior. Moreover, blends with 25% wt. of high-density polyethylene exhibited the highest expansion values over a wider range of temperature compared with 90% linear low-density polyethylene/10% high-density polyethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Shahi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Haghtalab
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghaus Rizvi
- Department of Automotive, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Goharpei
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Ma Z, Zhang G, Shi X, Yang Q, Li J, Liu Y, Fan X. Microcellular foaming of poly(phenylene sulfide)/poly(ether sulfones) blends using supercritical carbon dioxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry; MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry; MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry; MOE Key Lab of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
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24
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Ren Q, Wang J, Zhai W, Su S. Solid State Foaming of Poly(lactic acid) Blown with Compressed CO2: Influences of Long Chain Branching and Induced Crystallization on Foam Expansion and Cell Morphology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402039y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Ningbo
Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute
of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
- College Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Ningbo
Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute
of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
- The
School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Wentao Zhai
- Ningbo
Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute
of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Shengpei Su
- College Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
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