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Bogdanova AR, Krasnikov DV, Khabushev EM, Ramirez B JA, Matyushkin YE, Nasibulin AG. Role of Hydrogen in Ethylene-Based Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091504. [PMID: 37177050 PMCID: PMC10180455 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of hydrogen on the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the aerosol (a specific case of the floating catalyst) chemical vapor deposition process using ethylene as a carbon source and ferrocene as a precursor for a Fe-based catalyst. With a comprehensive set of physical methods (UV-vis-NIR and Raman spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential mobility analysis, and four-probe sheet resistance measurements), we showed hydrogen to inhibit ethylene pyrolysis extending the window of synthesis parameters. Moreover, the detailed study at different temperatures allowed us to distinguish three different regimes for the hydrogen effect: pyrolysis suppression at low concentrations (I) followed by surface cleaning/activation promotion (II), and surface blockage/nanotube etching (III) at the highest concentrations. We believe that such a detailed study will help to reveal the complex role of hydrogen and contribute toward the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes with detailed characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa R Bogdanova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobelya Str. 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Krasnikov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobelya Str. 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Eldar M Khabushev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobelya Str. 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Javier A Ramirez B
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobelya Str. 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Yakov E Matyushkin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobelya Str. 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
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2
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Bogdanova AR, Krasnikov DV, Khabushev EM, Ramirez B. JA, Nasibulin AG. Bithiophene as a Sulfur-Based Promotor for the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon-Carbon Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076686. [PMID: 37047655 PMCID: PMC10095122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We assess bithiophene (C8H6S2) as a novel sulfur-based promotor for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the aerosol (floating catalyst) CVD method. Technologically suitable equilibrium vapor pressure and an excess of hydrocarbon residuals formed under its decomposition make bithiophene an attractive promoter for the production of carbon nanotubes in general and specifically for ferrocene-based SWCNT growth. Indeed, we detect a moderate enhancement in the carbon nanotube yield and a decrease in the equivalent sheet resistance of the films at a low bithiophene content, indicating the improvement of the product properties. Moreover, the relatively high concentrations and low temperature stability of bithiophene result in non-catalytical decomposition, leading to the formation of pyrolytic carbon deposits; the deposits appear as few-layer graphene structures. Thus, bithiophene pyrolysis opens a route for the cheap production of hierarchical composite thin films comprising carbon nanotubes and few-layer graphene, which might be of practical use for hierarchical adsorbents, protective membranes, or electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa R. Bogdanova
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Str. 3, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Krasnikov
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Str. 3, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eldar M. Khabushev
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Str. 3, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Javier A. Ramirez B.
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Str. 3, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Albert G. Nasibulin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Str. 3, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Bhowmik S, Govind Rajan A. Chemical vapor deposition of 2D materials: A review of modeling, simulation, and machine learning studies. iScience 2022; 25:103832. [PMID: 35243221 PMCID: PMC8857588 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is extensively used to produce large-area two-dimensional (2D) materials. Current research is aimed at understanding mechanisms underlying the nucleation and growth of various 2D materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2/WSe2). Herein, we survey the vast literature regarding modeling and simulation of the CVD growth of 2D materials and their heterostructures. We also focus on newer materials, such as silicene, phosphorene, and borophene. We discuss how density functional theory, kinetic Monte Carlo, and reactive molecular dynamics simulations can shed light on the thermodynamics and kinetics of vapor-phase synthesis. We explain how machine learning can be used to develop insights into growth mechanisms and outcomes, as well as outline the open knowledge gaps in the literature. Our work provides consolidated theoretical insights into the CVD growth of 2D materials and presents opportunities for further understanding and improving such processes
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4
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Recent Advances on Properties and Utility of Nanomaterials Generated from Industrial and Biological Activities. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Today is the era of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which find applications in the field of medicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. Even though nanotechnology is in its emerging phase, it continues to provide solutions to numerous challenges. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles are found to be very effective because of their unique chemical and physical properties and high surface area, but their high cost is one of the major hurdles to its wider application. So, the synthesis of nanomaterials, especially 2D nanomaterials from industrial, agricultural, and other biological activities, could provide a cost-effective technique. The nanomaterials synthesized from such waste not only minimize pollution, but also provide an eco-friendly approach towards the utilization of the waste. In the present review work, emphasis has been given to the types of nanomaterials, different methods for the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials from the waste generated from industries, agriculture, and their application in electronics, medicine, and catalysis.
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Blanco E, Sepulveda C, Cruces K, García-Fierro J, Ghampson I, Escalona N. Conversion of guaiacol over metal carbides supported on activated carbon catalysts. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Golubtsov GV, Kazakova MA, Selyutin AG, Ishchenko AV, Kuznetsov VL. Mono-, Bi-, and Trimetallic Catalysts for the Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Based on Iron Subgroup Metals. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Khabushev EM, Krasnikov DV, Zaremba OT, Tsapenko AP, Goldt AE, Nasibulin AG. Machine Learning for Tailoring Optoelectronic Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6962-6966. [PMID: 31637916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A machine learning technique, namely, support vector regression, is implemented to enhance single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin-film performance for transparent and conducting applications. We collected a comprehensive data set describing the influence of synthesis parameters (temperature and CO2 concentration) on the equivalent sheet resistance (at 90% transmittance in the visible light range) for SWCNT films obtained by a semi-industrial aerosol (floating-catalyst) CVD with CO as a carbon source and ferrocene as a catalyst precursor. The predictive model trained on the data set shows principal applicability of the method for refining synthesis conditions toward the advanced optoelectronic performance of multiparameter processes such as nanotube growth. Further doping of the improved carbon nanotube films with HAuCl4 results in the equivalent sheet resistance of 39 Ω/□-one of the lowest values achieved so far for SWCNT films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldar M Khabushev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel street 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Krasnikov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel street 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Orysia T Zaremba
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel street 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Alexey P Tsapenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel street 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
- Aalto University , PO. 16100 , 00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Anastasia E Goldt
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel street 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel street 3 , 121205 Moscow , Russian Federation
- Aalto University , PO. 16100 , 00076 Espoo , Finland
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8
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Sharma A, Patwardhan A, Dasgupta K, Joshi JB. Kinetic study of boron doped carbon nanotubes synthesized using chemical vapour deposition. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Aboul-Enein AA, Awadallah AE. Production of nanostructure carbon materials via non-oxidative thermal degradation of real polypropylene waste plastic using La2O3 supported Ni and Ni–Cu catalysts. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Diaz MC, Jiang H, Kauppinen E, Sharma R, Balbuena PB. Can single-walled carbon nanotube diameter be defined by catalyst particle diameter? THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b07724. [PMID: 33029278 PMCID: PMC7537549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The need of designing and controlling single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) properties is a challenge in a growing nanomaterials-related industry. Recently, great progress has been made experimentally to selectively control SWCNT diameter and chirality. However, there is not yet a complete understanding of the synthesis process and there is a lack of mathematical models that explain nucleation and diameter selectivity of stable carbon allotropes. Here, in-situ analysis of chemical vapor deposition SWCNT synthesis confirms that the nanoparticle to nanotube diameter ratio varies with the catalyst particle size. It is found that the tube diameter is larger than that of the particle below a specific size (dc ≈ 2nm) and above this value is smaller than particle diameters. To explain these observations, we develop a statistical mechanics based model that correlates possible energy states of a nascent tube with the catalyst particle size. This model incorporates the equilibrium distance between the nucleating SWCNT layer and the metal catalyst (e.g. Fe, Co, Ni) evaluated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The theoretical analysis explains and predicts the observed correlation between tube and solid particle diameters during growth of supported SWCNTs. This work also brings together previous observations related to the stability condition for SWCNT nucleation. Tests of the model against various published data sets and our own experimental results show good agreement, making it a promising tool for evaluating SWCNT synthesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio C. Diaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Esko Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Renu Sharma
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6203, USA
| | - Perla B. Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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11
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Venkatesan S, Visvalingam B, Mannathusamy G, Viswanathan V, Rao AG. Effect of chemical vapor deposition parameters on the diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-018-0252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Qin J, Wang C, Wang Y, Lu R, Zheng L, Wang X, Yao Z, Gao Q, Wei H. Synthesis and growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes growing on carbon fiber surfaces with improved tensile strength. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:395602. [PMID: 29972379 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad10c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An effective approach has been developed for the catalytic decomposition of acetylene (C2H2) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), to achieve homogeneous growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surfaces of carbon fibers. The morphology of CNTs grown on carbon fiber surfaces was observed by a scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope, which revealed the uniform coverage of CNTs on the carbon fiber surfaces. The single fiber tensile test demonstrated that the tensile strength of carbon fibers could be increased by more than 12% with the catalytic growth of CNTs on their surface. The reparation of the damage caused during the formation of catalyst nanoparticles, and the cross-link of neighboring graphite crystallites induced by CNTs all occurred during the CVD process, which were considered to be the main reasons for improvement. The growth mechanism model of CNTs formation was established based on the thermodynamics principle and the interface microstructure of CNT-grown carbon fiber, illuminating the detailed mechanism for the growth of CNTs and the change of the shape of catalyst particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie Qin
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
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13
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14
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A Review of Carbon Nanomaterials' Synthesis via the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050822. [PMID: 29772760 PMCID: PMC5978199 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have been extensively used in many applications owing to their unique thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. One of the prime challenges is the production of these nanomaterials on a large scale. This review paper summarizes the synthesis of various carbon nanomaterials via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. These carbon nanomaterials include fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene, carbide-derived carbon (CDC), carbon nano-onion (CNO) and MXenes. Furthermore, current challenges in the synthesis and application of these nanomaterials are highlighted with suggested areas for future research.
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15
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Yadav MD, Dasgupta K, Patwardhan AW, Joshi JB. High Performance Fibers from Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Composites—A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manishkumar D. Yadav
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Kinshuk Dasgupta
- Materials
Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ashwin W. Patwardhan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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16
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Tripathi PK, Durbach S, Coville NJ. Synthesis of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Plastic Waste Using a Stainless-Steel CVD Reactor as Catalyst. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7100284. [PMID: 28937596 PMCID: PMC5666449 DOI: 10.3390/nano7100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of non-biodegradable plastic waste without further upgrading/downgrading is not environmentally acceptable and many methods to overcome the problem have been proposed. Herein we indicate a simple method to make high-value nanomaterials from plastic waste as a partial solution to the environmental problem. Laboratory-based waste centrifuge tubes made of polypropylene were chosen as a carbon source to show the process principle. In the process, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized from plastic waste in a two-stage stainless steel 316 (SS 316) metal tube that acted as both reactor vessel and catalyst. The steel reactor contains Fe (and Ni, and various alloys), which act as the catalyst for the carbon conversion process. The reaction and products were studied using electron probe microanalysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Optimization studies to determine the effect of different parameters on the process showed that the highest yield and most graphitized MWCNTs were formed at 900 °C under the reaction conditions used (yield 42%; Raman ID/IG ratio = 0.48). The high quality and high yield of the MWCNTs that were produced in a flow reactor from plastic waste using a two stage SS 316 chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace did not require the use of an added catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav K Tripathi
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and the Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Shane Durbach
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and the Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Neil J Coville
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and the Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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17
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Pirard SL, Douven S, Pirard JP. Large-scale industrial manufacturing of carbon nanotubes in a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating reactor via the catalytic chemical vapor deposition process. Front Chem Sci Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-017-1635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Gao Z, Varela JA, Groc L, Lounis B, Cognet L. Toward the suppression of cellular toxicity from single-walled carbon nanotubes. Biomater Sci 2017; 4:230-44. [PMID: 26678092 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the multidisciplinary fields of nanobiology and nanomedicine, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown great promise due to their unique morphological, physical and chemical properties. However, understanding and suppressing their cellular toxicity is a mandatory step before promoting their biomedical applications. In light of the flourishing recent literature, we provide here an extensive review on SWCNT cellular toxicity and an attempt to identify the key parameters to be considered in order to obtain SWCNT samples with minimal or no cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Gao
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numerique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France and Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Juan A Varela
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France and CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France and CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Brahim Lounis
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numerique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France and Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Laurent Cognet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numerique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France and Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France.
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19
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Krasnikov DV, Shmakov AN, Kuznetsov VL, Ishchenko AV. Towards the optimization of carbon nanotube properties via in situ and ex situ studies of the growth mechanism. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Donphai W, Witoon T, Faungnawakij K, Chareonpanich M. Carbon-structure affecting catalytic carbon dioxide reforming of methane reaction over Ni-carbon composites. J CO2 UTIL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Danafar F, Elnashaie SS, Hashemipour H, Rostamizadeh MA. Mathematical Modeling of Carbon Nanotubes Formation in Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigates mathematical modeling of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) formation on catalyst particulate in a fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) reactor. The mass of CNTs formed corresponds to the catalyst activity directly. The catalyst deactivation occurs as active sites are occupied by CNTs and thus causes unsteady state behavior of the process. The effects of catalyst loading (as bed height) as well as reaction temperature on the reaction progressing were investigated. The model, validated with our experimental data, indicates a good accuracy to predict the yield of CNTs formation for a given operating conditions. The model presented also can predict the optimized time as well as the suitable amount of catalyst loading to produce CNTs for a given reactor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Danafar
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran (the Islamic Republic )
| | - Said S. Elnashaie
- University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hassan Hashemipour
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran (the Islamic Republic )
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22
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Park EJ, Choi J, Kim JH, Lee BS, Yoon C, Jeong U, Kim Y. Subchronic immunotoxicity and screening of reproductive toxicity and developmental immunotoxicity following single instillation of HIPCO-single-walled carbon nanotubes: purity-based comparison. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1188-202. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1202348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Myunggok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,
| | - Je Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea,
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea,
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Uiseok Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Atomic scale simulation of carbon nanotube nucleation from hydrocarbon precursors. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10306. [PMID: 26691537 PMCID: PMC4703880 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic scale simulations of the nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes is essential for understanding their growth mechanism. In spite of over twenty years of simulation efforts in this area, limited progress has so far been made on addressing the role of the hydrocarbon growth precursor. Here we report on atomic scale simulations of cap nucleation of single-walled carbon nanotubes from hydrocarbon precursors. The presented mechanism emphasizes the important role of hydrogen in the nucleation process, and is discussed in relation to previously presented mechanisms. In particular, the role of hydrogen in the appearance of unstable carbon structures during in situ experimental observations as well as the initial stage of multi-walled carbon nanotube growth is discussed. The results are in good agreement with available experimental and quantum-mechanical results, and provide a basic understanding of the incubation and nucleation stages of hydrocarbon-based CNT growth at the atomic level. Atomic scale simulation of the nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes is essential for understanding their growth mechanism. Here, the authors look at cap nucleation of nanotubes from hydrocarbon precursors, specifically probing the role of hydrogen in the early stages of growth.
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Hintsho N, Shaikjee A, Tripathi PK, Franklyn P, Durbach S. The effect of CO2 on the CVD synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using fly ash as a catalyst. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06892d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) can be derived from waste materials such as: coal fly ash and CO2, with CO2 and C2H2 as carbon sources respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomso Hintsho
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials
- University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)
- Johannesburg 2050
- South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute
| | - Ahmed Shaikjee
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials
- University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)
- Johannesburg 2050
- South Africa
| | - Pranav K. Tripathi
- Molecular Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Paul Franklyn
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials
- University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)
- Johannesburg 2050
- South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute
| | - Shane Durbach
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials
- University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)
- Johannesburg 2050
- South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute
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25
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Newman P, Lu Z, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Church TL, Biro M, Davies B, King A, Mackenzie K, Minett AI, Zreiqat H. Porous and strong three-dimensional carbon nanotube coated ceramic scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8337-8347. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A method to coat high-quality uniform coatings of carbon nanotubes throughout 3D porous structures is developed. Testing of their physical and biological properties demonstrate their potential for application in tissue engineering.
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26
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Bulusheva LG, Okotrub AV, Fedoseeva YV, Kurenya AG, Asanov IP, Vilkov OY, Koós AA, Grobert N. Controlling pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen in multi-wall carbon nanotubes using precursors with different N/C ratios in aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23741-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01981h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The change in the N/C ratio in feedstock allows controlling nitrogen species incorporation into multi-wall carbon nanotubes during CCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. G. Bulusheva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - A. V. Okotrub
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - Yu. V. Fedoseeva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - A. G. Kurenya
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
| | - I. P. Asanov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - O. Y. Vilkov
- St. Petersburg State University
- 198504 St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - A. A. Koós
- Department of Materials
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3PH
- UK
| | - N. Grobert
- Department of Materials
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3PH
- UK
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27
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Fluidized-bed CVD of unstacked double-layer templated graphene and its application in supercapacitors. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Hintsho N, Shaikjee A, Masenda H, Naidoo D, Billing D, Franklyn P, Durbach S. Direct synthesis of carbon nanofibers from South African coal fly ash. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:387. [PMID: 25177215 PMCID: PMC4148493 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), cylindrical nanostructures containing graphene, were synthesized directly from South African fly ash (a waste product formed during the combustion of coal). The CNFs (as well as other carbonaceous materials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs)) were produced by the catalytic chemical vapour deposition method (CCVD) in the presence of acetylene gas at temperatures ranging from 400°C to 700°C. The fly ash and its carbonaceous products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser Raman spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements. It was observed that as-received fly ash was capable of producing CNFs in high yield by CCVD, starting at a relatively low temperature of 400°C. Laser Raman spectra and TGA thermograms showed that the carbonaceous products which formed were mostly disordered. Small bundles of CNTs and CNFs observed by TEM and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the catalyst most likely responsible for CNF formation was iron in the form of cementite; X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomso Hintsho
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Shaikjee
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Hilary Masenda
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Deena Naidoo
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Dave Billing
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Paul Franklyn
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Shane Durbach
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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29
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Sorkin A, Su H. Phase Diagram of Solid-Phase Transformation in Amorphous Carbon Nanorods. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9163-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502928g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Sorkin
- School
of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang
Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Haibin Su
- School
of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang
Avenue, Singapore 639798
- Institute
of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang
View, Singapore 639673
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30
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Shukrullah S, Mohamed N, Shaharun M, Naz M. Mass Production of Carbon Nanotubes Using Fluidized Bed Reactor: A Short Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/tasr.2014.121.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Tao Y, Ebbesen SD, Zhang W, Mogensen MB. Carbon Nanotube Growth on Nanozirconia under Strong Cathodic Polarization in Steam and Carbon Dioxide. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Growth of carbon nanotubes over non-metallic based catalysts: A review on the recent developments. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Zhuo C, Levendis YA. Upcycling waste plastics into carbon nanomaterials: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Zhuo
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115
| | - Yiannis A. Levendis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115
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34
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Taleshi F. Evaluation of new processes to achieve a high yield of carbon nanotubes by CVD method. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1186/2228-5326-2-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Silva RM, Pucci A, Marichy C, Mata D, Ferro MC, Silva RF, Pinna N. Ultra simple catalyst layer preparation for the growth of vertically aligned CNTs and CNT-based nanostructures. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce06130e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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The Effect of Catalyst on Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Synthesized by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.364.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalyst plays a crucial role in determining the characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) produced by using thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It is essential to investigate how the catalyst preparation affects the characteristics of CNTs because certain application demands specific size for optimum performance. This study reports the effect of the types of catalyst and the duration of the catalyst pre-treatment (wet etching time, dry etching time and ball milling) on the diameter of CNTs. The synthesized CNTs samples were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Wet etching (2M hydrofluoric acid) time was varied from 1 to 2.5 hrs and the diameter range was found to be in the range of 23 to 52 nm. The diameter range for CNTs produced for 3 hrs and 5 hrs of dry etching treatment (with ammonia gas) are 38 to 51 nm and 23 to 48 nm, respectively. The diameter size of CNTs produced using Ni (14 to 25 nm) was found to be smaller than Fe (38 to 51 nm). There is a significant decrease in the diameter of CNTs by prolonging the wet etching period. Shorter and curly shaped CNTs can also be obtained by using Ni as the catalyst. Keywords: chemical vapor deposition, carbon nanotubes, catalyst pretreatment
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37
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Tessonnier JP, Su DS. Recent progress on the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes: a review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:824-47. [PMID: 21732543 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been achieved during the past 20 years on not only improving the yields of carbon nanotubes and move progressively towards their mass production, but also on gaining a profound fundamental understanding of the nucleation and the growth processes. Parameters that influence the yield but also the quality (e.g., microstructure, homogeneity within a batch) are better understood. The influence of the carbon precursor, the reaction conditions, the presence of a catalyst, the chemical and physical status of the latter, and other factors have been extensively studied. The purpose of the present Review is not to list all the experiments reported in the literature, but rather to identify trends and provide a comprehensive summary on the role of selected parameters. The role of the catalyst occupies a central place in this Review as a careful control of the metal particle size, particle dispersion on the support, the metastable phase formed under reaction conditions, its possible reconstruction, and faceting strongly influence the diameter of the carbon nanotubes, their structure (number of walls, graphene sheet orientation, chirality), their alignment, and the yield. The identified trends will be compared with recent observations on the growth of graphene. Recent results on metal-free catalysts will be analyzed from a different perspective.
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38
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Facchetti A. Coordination Polymer Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6001-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Magrez A, Smajda R, Seo JW, Horváth E, Ribic PR, Andresen JC, Acquaviva D, Olariu A, Laurenczy G, Forró L. Striking influence of the catalyst support and its acid-base properties: new insight into the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2011; 5:3428-37. [PMID: 21517089 DOI: 10.1021/nn200012z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the accepted mechanisms of carbon nanotube (CNT) growth by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD), the catalyst support is falsely considered as a passive material whose only role is to prevent catalytic particles from coarsening. The chemical changes that occur to the carbon source molecules on the surface are mainly overlooked. Here, we demonstrate the strong influence of the support on the growth of CNTs and show that it can be tuned by controlling the acid-base character of the support surface. This finding largely clarifies the CCVD growth mechanism. The CNTs' growth stems from the support where the presence of basic sites catalyzes the aromatization and reduces the complexity of CNT precursor molecules. On basic supports, the growth is activated and CNTs are more than 1000 times longer than those produced on acidic supports. These results could be the bedrock of future development of more efficient growth of CNTs on surfaces of functional materials. Finally, the modification of the aciditiy of the catalyst support during the super growth process is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Magrez
- Laboratory of Complex Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
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40
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Li Y, Li D, Wang G. Methane decomposition to COx-free hydrogen and nano-carbon material on group 8–10 base metal catalysts: A review. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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42
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Catalytic CVD Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes: Towards High Yield and Low Temperature Growth. MATERIALS 2010; 3:4871-4891. [PMID: 28883358 PMCID: PMC5445774 DOI: 10.3390/ma3114871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) is currently the most flexible and economically attractive method for the growth of carbon nanotubes. Although its principle is simple, the precisely controlled growth of carbon nanotubes remains very complex because many different parameters influence the growth process. In this article, we review our recent results obtained on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes via CCVD. We discuss the role of the catalyst and the catalyst support. Our recent results obtained from the water assisted growth and the equimolar C2H2-CO2 reaction are also discussed. Both procedures lead to significantly enhanced carbon nanotube growth. In particular, the latter allows growing carbon nanotubes on diverse substrate materials at low temperatures.
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