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Planas F, Costantini M, Montesinos-Magraner M, Himo F, Mendoza A. Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Ruthenium N-Hydroxyphthalimidoyl Carbenes in Alkene Cyclopropanation Reactions. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10950-10963. [PMID: 34504736 PMCID: PMC8419840 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental-computational approach has been used to study the cyclopropanation reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide diazoacetate (NHPI-DA) with various olefins, catalyzed by a ruthenium-phenyloxazoline (Ru-Pheox) complex. Kinetic studies show that the better selectivity of the employed redox-active NHPI diazoacetate is a result of a much slower dimerization reaction compared to aliphatic diazoacetates. Density functional theory calculations reveal that several reactions can take place with similar energy barriers, namely, dimerization of the NHPI diazoacetate, cyclopropanation (inner-sphere and outer-sphere), and a previously unrecognized migratory insertion of the carbene into the phenyloxazoline ligand. The calculations show that the migratory insertion reaction yields an unconsidered ruthenium complex that is catalytically competent for both the dimerization and cyclopropanation, and its relevance is assessed experimentally. The stereoselectivity of the reaction is argued to stem from an intricate balance between the various mechanistic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Montesinos-Magraner
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Montesinos‐Magraner M, Costantini M, Ramírez‐Contreras R, Muratore ME, Johansson MJ, Mendoza A. General Cyclopropane Assembly by Enantioselective Transfer of a Redox‐Active Carbene to Aliphatic Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Costantini
- Dept. of Organic ChemistryStockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Michael E. Muratore
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism IMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca Gothenburg 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Magnus J. Johansson
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism IMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca Gothenburg 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Dept. of Organic ChemistryStockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory 10691 Stockholm Sweden
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3
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Montesinos-Magraner M, Costantini M, Ramírez-Contreras R, Muratore ME, Johansson MJ, Mendoza A. General Cyclopropane Assembly by Enantioselective Transfer of a Redox-Active Carbene to Aliphatic Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5930-5935. [PMID: 30675970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cyclopropane synthesis currently requires bespoke strategies, methods, substrates, and reagents, even when targeting similar compounds. This approach slows down discovery and limits available chemical space. Introduced herein is a practical and versatile diazocompound and its performance in the first unified asymmetric synthesis of functionalized cyclopropanes. The redox-active leaving group in this reagent enhances the reactivity and selectivity of geminal carbene transfer. This effect allowed the asymmetric cyclopropanation of various olefins, including unfunctionalized aliphatic alkenes, that enables the three-step total synthesis of (-)-dictyopterene A. This unified synthetic approach delivers high enantioselectivities that are independent of the stereoelectronic properties of the functional groups transferred. Our results demonstrate that orthogonally differentiated diazocompounds are viable and advantageous equivalents of single-carbon chirons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Montesinos-Magraner
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Costantini
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michael E Muratore
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus J Johansson
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Krátká L, Hlaváč J. Study of Enantioselective Catalysis of Nitroso-Diels-Alder Reaction on Solid Support. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leona Krátká
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Palacký University; 17. Listopadu 12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hlaváč
- Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University; Hněvotínská 5 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic
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Su Y, Li QF, Zhao YM, Gu P. Preparation of Optically Active cis-Cyclopropane Carboxylates: Cyclopropanation of α-Silyl Stryenes with Aryldiazoacetates and Desilylation of the Resulting Silyl Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2016; 18:4356-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Sources & Engineering, and Ningxia Engineering and Research Center for Natural Medicines, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qing-Fang Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Sources & Engineering, and Ningxia Engineering and Research Center for Natural Medicines, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Peiming Gu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Sources & Engineering, and Ningxia Engineering and Research Center for Natural Medicines, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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6
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Adly FG, Ghanem A. Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxylates and Carboxamidates as Effective Chemzymes in Asymmetric Synthesis of Three-Membered Carbocycles. Chirality 2014; 26:692-711. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frady G. Adly
- Chirality program, Faculty of ESTEM; University of Canberra; ACT Australia
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality program, Faculty of ESTEM; University of Canberra; ACT Australia
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7
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Cao ZY, Wang X, Tan C, Zhao XL, Zhou J, Ding K. Highly stereoselective olefin cyclopropanation of diazooxindoles catalyzed by a C2-symmetric spiroketal bisphosphine/Au(I) complex. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8197-200. [PMID: 23697751 DOI: 10.1021/ja4040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A spiroketal bisphosphine (SKP) derived chiral digold complex is identified as a powerful catalyst for the highly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of spirocyclopropyloxindoles from diazooxindoles and a broad range of alkenes, including both cis and trans 1,2-disubstituted alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yan Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062 China
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ZHAO CUNYUAN, WANG DONGQI, PHILLIPS DAVIDLEE. DENSITY FUNCTIONAL STUDY OF SELECTED MONO-ZINC AND GEM-DIZINC RADICAL CARBENOID CYCLOPROPANATION REACTIONS: OBSERVATION OF AN EFFICIENT RADICAL ZINC CARBENOID CYCLOPROPANATION REACTION AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE LEAVING GROUP ON RING CLOSURE. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633603000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a theoretical study of the cyclopropanation reactions of EtZnCHI, (EtZn)2CH EtZnCHZnI, and EtZnCIZnI radicals with ethylene. The mono-zinc and gem-dizinc radical carbenoids can undergo cyclopropanation reactions with ethylene via a two-step reaction mechanism similar to that previously reported for the CH2I and IZnCH2 radicals. The barrier for the second reaction step (ring closure) was found to be highly dependent on the leaving group of the cyclopropanation reaction. In some cases, the (di)zinc carbenoid radical undergoes cyclopropanation via a low barrier of about 5–7 kcal/mol on the second reaction step and this is lower than the CH2I radical reaction which has a barrier of about 13.5 kcal/mol for the second reaction step. Our results suggest that in some cases, zinc radical carbenoid species have cyclopropanation reaction barriers that can be competitive with their related molecular Simmons-Smith carbenoid species reactions and produce somewhat different cyclopropanated products and leaving groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- CUNYUAN ZHAO
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S. A. R., P. R. China
| | - DONG-QI WANG
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S. A. R., P. R. China
| | - DAVID LEE PHILLIPS
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S. A. R., P. R. China
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FANG WEIHAI, PHILLIPS DAVIDLEE. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF BUTYROPHENONE AND ITS α-SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVE: A THEORETICAL EXAMINATION OF A NEW PHOTOCHEMICAL ROUTE TO CYCLOPROPANE GROUP FORMATION. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633603000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential energy surfaces of dissociations and isomerizations for butyrophenone and its α-substituted derivative in low-lying electronic states have been studied with use of the CASSCF and DFT methods. A three-surface (S1, T1 and T2) intersection was found in the present work and this plays an important role in the S1 → T1 process for butyrophenone and related aromatic carbonyl compounds. Examination of these results provides some new insights into the mechanistic photochemistry of aromatic ketones. The most probable mechanism leading to formation of a cyclopropane moiety was obtained on the basis of the calculated potential energy surfaces and their intersections. The selection of a suitable α-substituent was found to be a key step for cyclopropanation to occur by photoexcitation of butyrophenone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEI-HAI FANG
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - DAVID LEE PHILLIPS
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P. R. China
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11
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Effect of toremifene and ospemifene, compared to acolbifene, on estrogen-sensitive parameters in rat and human uterine tissues. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2010; 1:139-46. [PMID: 25961189 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen (TAM) is well known for its uterotrophic activity, this study compares the stimulatory effect of the TAM derivatives toremifene (TORE) and ospemifene (OSPE) on estrogen-sensitive parameters in rat and human uterine tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ovariectomized female rats were treated daily orally for 10 days with 0.75 mg/rat of TORE, OSPE or acolbifene (ACOL, a pure estrogen antagonist in the uterus and mammary gland), which was used for comparison. Human endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa cells were incubated for 5 days with increasing doses of compounds, in the absence or presence of 1 nM estradiol (E2). RESULTS TORE and OSPE revealed 52% and 56% increases, respectively, in uterine weight, whereas ACOL had no effect. Similar effects were observed on vaginal weight. Endometrial epithelial height increased from 15.82±0.20 to 48.94± 2.12 and 42.14±1.95 μm with TORE and OSPE, respectively, whereas ACOL had no effect. Alkaline phosphatase activity, an estrogen-sensitive parameter in Ishikawa cells, was increased by 144% and 135% with OH-TORE and OH-OSPE, respectively. Owing to their intrinsic estrogenic activity, at maximal concentrations, OH-TORE and OH-OSPE blocked the stimulatory effect of E2 by only 89% compared to 100% with ACOL. CONCLUSIONS The present in vitro and in vivo data show similar stimulatory effects of 4-hydroxytoremifene (OH-TORE) and OH-OSPE on estrogen-sensitive parameters. ACOL, a third generation SERM, has no effect on any of these parameters. Such data add to the potential uterine safety limitations of triphenylethylene-derived SERMs for long-term use in humans.
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12
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Zhou L, Doyle MP. Lewis acid catalyzed indole synthesis via intramolecular nucleophilic attack of phenyldiazoacetates to iminium ions. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9222-4. [PMID: 19904905 PMCID: PMC2793539 DOI: 10.1021/jo902089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acids catalyze the cyclization of methyl phenyldiazoacetates with an ortho-imino group, prepared from o-aminophenylacetic acid, to give 2,3-substituted indoles in quantitative yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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13
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Hansen J, Autschbach J, Davies HML. Computational Study on the Selectivity of Donor/Acceptor-Substituted Rhodium Carbenoids. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6555-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9009968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jørn Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 440 Atwood Hall, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 440 Atwood Hall, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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14
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Xu ZH, Zhu SN, Sun XL, Tang Y, Dai LX. Sidearm effects in the enantioselective cyclopropanation of alkenes with aryldiazoacetates catalyzed by trisoxazoline/Cu(i). Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1960-2. [PMID: 17695243 DOI: 10.1039/b617967c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective cyclopropanation of alkenes with phenyldiazoacetates catalyzed by CuPF6(CH3CN)4/trisoxazoline has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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15
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Abstract
Organic transformations on substrates which are immobilized on an insoluble, polymeric carrier have found broad application in compound collection synthesis. In contrast to other synthetic methodologies in solid-phase organic synthesis, reactions that afford non-racemic products are strikingly under-represented. Not only does the introduction of stereoinformation on immobilized, achiral starting materials provide enantioenriched products which can be of value for biological testing, but it also opens up new perspectives for accessible structures. This feature article gives an overview of successful enantioselective transformations on a solid support. Critical differences in the corresponding solution-phase protocols are highlighted, and applications to the generation of compound collections are particularly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Lessmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
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16
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Fox DJ, Parris S, Pedersen DS, Tyzack CR, Warren S. Asymmetric synthesis of cyclopropanes and dihydrofurans based on phosphine oxide chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3108-12. [PMID: 16886078 DOI: 10.1039/b606874j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of gamma-azido trans-cyclopropyl ketones is accomplished via a short, simple and efficient sequence. The cyclopropanation step is achieved by an intramolecular nucleophilic ring closure, with a diphenylphosphinate leaving group, to give trans-cyclopropane exclusively. beta-Keto-diphenylphosphine oxides cyclise to form optically active dihydrofurans. All possible diastereoisomers of dihydrofurans can be prepared selectively starting from the same olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Fox
- University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UKCB2 1EW.
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17
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Grover RK, Mishra RC, Kundu B, Tripathi RP, Roy R. In situ cyclopropanation: a rapid one-pot method for the synthesis of resin bound cyclopropyl phenyl methanones as combinatorial scaffolds. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Zhao C, Wang D, Phillips DL. Theoretical Study of Samarium (II) Carbenoid (ISmCH2I) Promoted Cyclopropanation Reactions with Ethylene and the Effect of THF Solvent on the Reaction Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:15200-9. [PMID: 14653755 DOI: 10.1021/ja030280t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A computational study of the cyclopropanation reactions of divalent samarium carbenoid ISmCH(2)I with ethylene is presented. The reaction proceeds through two competing pathways: methylene transfer and carbometalation. The ISmCH(2)I species was found to have a "samarium carbene complex" character with properties similar to previously investigated lithium carbenoids (LiCH(2)X where X = Cl, Br, I). The ISmCH(2)I carbenoid was found to be noticeably different in structure with more electrophilic character and higher chemical reactivity than the closely related classical Simmons-Smith (IZnCH(2)I) carbenoid. The effect of THF solvent was investigated by explicit coordination of the solvent THF molecules to the Sm (II) center in the carbenoid. The ISmCH(2)I/(THF)(n)() (where n = 0, 1, 2) carbenoid methylene transfer pathway barriers to reaction become systematically lower as more THF solvent is added (from 12.9 to 14.5 kcal/mol for no THF molecules to 8.8 to 10.7 kcal/mol for two THF molecules). In contrast, the reaction barriers for cyclopropanation via the carbometalation pathway remain high (>15 kcal/mol). The computational results are briefly compared to other carbenoid reactions and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyuan Zhao
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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19
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Stereocontrolled solid-phase synthesis of fluorinated partially-modified retropeptides via tandem aza-Michael/enolate-protonation. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Davies HML, Venkataramani C. Dirhodium tetraprolinate-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanations with high turnover numbers. Org Lett 2003; 5:1403-6. [PMID: 12713284 DOI: 10.1021/ol034002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bridged dirhodium tetraprolinate Rh(2)(S-biTISP)(2) (2) catalyzes the asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction between methyl phenyldiazoacetate and styrene at room temperature with high turnover number (92 000) and turnover frequency (4000 per h). [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw M L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA.
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21
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Lebel H, Marcoux JF, Molinaro C, Charette AB. Stereoselective cyclopropanation reactions. Chem Rev 2003; 103:977-1050. [PMID: 12683775 DOI: 10.1021/cr010007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1428] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lebel
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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22
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Tsutsui H, Yamaguchi Y, Kitagaki S, Nakamura S, Anada M, Hashimoto S. Dirhodium(II) tetrakis[N-tetrafluorophthaloyl-(S)-tert-leucinate]: an exceptionally effective Rh(II) catalyst for enantiotopically selective aromatic C–H insertions of diazo ketoesters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee SH, Clapham B, Koch G, Zimmermann J, Janda KD. Solid-phase rhodium carbenoid N-H insertion reactions: the synthesis of a diverse array of indoles. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 5:188-96. [PMID: 12625710 DOI: 10.1021/cc020079z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase synthesis of an array of indoles is reported. The key step in our approach involves a N-H insertion reaction of N-alkylanilines into a highly reactive polymer-bound rhodium carbenoid intermediate to yield the corresponding alpha-arylamino-beta-ketoester. These insertion products were then treated under acid-catalyzed cyclodehydration conditions to yield a series of polymer-bound indole esters, which were subsequently cleaved from the resin under Lewis acid-promoted amidation conditions to yield the desired indoles in good yields and with excellent purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyeup Lee
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Lee SH, Clapham B, Koch G, Zimmermann J, Janda KD. Rhodium carbenoid N-H insertion reactions of primary ureas: solution and solid-phase synthesis of imidazolones. Org Lett 2003; 5:511-4. [PMID: 12583756 DOI: 10.1021/ol020244j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The solution and solid-phase synthesis of imidazolones is reported. The key step for the preparation of these compounds is the N-H insertion reaction of primary ureas into highly reactive rhodium carbenoid intermediates. Typically, a soluble or support-bound alpha-diazo-beta-ketoester is treated with a rhodium carboxylate catalyst in the presence of a primary urea to give the corresponding N-H insertion product. Subsequent acid-catalyzed cyclodehydration of these insertion products affords the desired imidazolone products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyeup Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Wang D, Phillips DL, Fang WH. Density Functional Theory Investigation of the Reactivity of LiCH2I and Iodomethylzinc Phenoxide Cyclopropanation Reagents with Olefins. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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26
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Zhao C, Wang D, Phillips DL. Density functional theory investigation of the remarkable reactivity of geminal dizinc carbenoids (RZn)(2)CHI (R = Et or I) as cyclopropanation reagents with olefins compared to mono zinc carbenoids RZnCHI(2), EtCHIZnR (R = Et or I). J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:12903-14. [PMID: 12392439 DOI: 10.1021/ja020965d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations for the cyclopropanation reactions of several mono zinc carbenoids and their corresponding gem-dizinc carbenoids with ethylene are reported. The mono zinc carbenoids react with ethylene via an asynchronous attack on one CH2 group of ethylene with a relatively high barrier to reaction in the 20-25 kcal/mol range similar to other Simmons-Smith type carbenoids previously studied. In contrast, the gem-dizinc carbenoids react with ethylene via a synchronous attack on both CH2 groups of ethylene and substantially lower barriers to reaction (about 15 kcal/mol) compared to their corresponding mono zinc carbenoid. Both mono zinc and gem-dizinc carbenoid reactions can be accelerated by the addition of ZnI2 groups as a Lewis acid, and this lowers the barrier by another 1.0-5.1 kcal/mol and 0.0-5.5 kcal/mol, respectively, for addition of one ZnI2 group. Our results indicate that gem-dizinc carbenoids react with C=C bonds with significantly lower barriers to reaction and in a noticeably different manner than Simmons-Smith type mono zinc carbenoids. The three gem-dizinc carbenoids have a substantially larger positive charge distribution than those in the mono zinc carbenoids and, hence, a stronger electrophilic character for the gem-dizinc carbenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, P. R. China
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27
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Dolle RE. Comprehensive survey of combinatorial library synthesis: 2001. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 4:369-418. [PMID: 12217012 DOI: 10.1021/cc020039v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 371 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
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Fang WH, Phillips DL, Wang DQ, Li YL. A density functional theory investigation of the Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation reaction: examination of the insertion reaction of zinc into the C-I bond of CH(2)I(2) and subsequent cyclopropanation reactions. J Org Chem 2002; 67:154-60. [PMID: 11777453 DOI: 10.1021/jo0107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The insertion reaction of zinc into the C-I bond of CH(2)I(2) and subsequent cyclopropanation reactions with CH(2)CH(2) have been investigated using B3LYP level density functional theory calculations. The Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation reaction of olefins does not proceed easily due to the relatively large barriers on the insertion and cyclopropanation pathways. The computed results indicate that the IZnCH(2)I molecule is the active reagent in the Simmons-Smith reaction. This is consistent with the IZnCH(2)I reactive species being generated from diiodomethane and a Zn-Cu couple as proposed by several other research groups. The Simmons-Smith IZnCH(2)I carbenoid and CH(2)I-I carbenoid cyclopropanation reactions with olefins are compared. The reactions of olefins with the radicals from the decomposition of the IZnCH(2)I and CH(2)I-I species were also compared. We found that the chemical reactivity of the carbenoid species is dependent on its electrophilic behavior, steric effects, the leaving group character and the mechanism of the cyclopropanation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, PR China.
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Clapham B, Spanka C, Janda KD. Solid-phase rhodium carbenoid reactions: an N-H insertion route to a diverse series of oxazoles. Org Lett 2001; 3:2173-6. [PMID: 11440572 DOI: 10.1021/ol010075n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The solid-phase synthesis of a series of oxazoles is described. The key step in the construction of these molecules involves the rhodium-catalyzed decomposition of polymer-bound alpha-diazo-beta-ketoesters. These reactions are performed in the presence of primary amides and yield the corresponding N-H insertion products. Subsequent cyclodehydration of these alpha-(acylamino)-beta-ketoesters provides the corresponding resin-bound 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles, which are further elaborated during cleavage from the resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clapham
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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