1
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Doleschal ME, Kostenko A, Liu JY, Inoue S. Isolation of a NHC-stabilized heavier nitrile and its conversion into an isonitrile analogue. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01618-6. [PMID: 39256544 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitriles (R-C≡N) have been investigated since the late eighteenth century and are ubiquitous encounters in organic and inorganic syntheses. In contrast, heavier nitriles, which contain the heavier analogues of carbon and nitrogen, are sparsely investigated species. Here we report the synthesis and isolation of a phosphino-silylene featuring an N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene and a highly sterically demanding silyl group as substituents. Due to its unique structural motif, it can be regarded as a Lewis base-stabilized heavier nitrile. The Si-P bond displays multiple bond character and a bent R-Si-P geometry, the latter indicating fundamental differences between heavier and classical nitriles. In solution, a quantitative unusual rearrangement to a phosphasilenylidene occurs. This rearrangement is consistent with theoretical predictions of rearrangements from heavier nitriles to heavier isonitriles. Our preliminary reactivity studies revealed that both isomers exhibit highly nucleophilic silicon centres capable of oxidative addition and coordination to iron tetracarbonyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Doleschal
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Wacker Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität Müchen, Garching, Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Wacker Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität Müchen, Garching, Germany
| | - Jin Yu Liu
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Wacker Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität Müchen, Garching, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Wacker Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität Müchen, Garching, Germany.
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2
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Schopper N, Landmann J, Sprenger JAP, Zapf L, Bertermann R, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M. Alkylcyanoborate Anions: Building Blocks for Fluorine-Free Low-Viscosity, Electrochemically and Thermally Stable Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301497. [PMID: 37395305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A set of mixed-substituted potassium alkylcyano- and alkylcyanofluoroborates has been synthesized using easily accessible starting compounds and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In addition, single-crystal structures of salts of the cyanoborate anions have been derived from X-ray diffraction experiments. The 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids ([EMIm]+ -RTILs) with the new borate anions have been synthesized and their physicochemical properties, that is, high thermal and electrochemical stability, low viscosity, and high conductivity, have been compared to the properties of related [EMIm]+ -RTILs. The influence of the different alkyl substituents at boron has been assessed. The exemplary study on the properties with the [EMIm]+ -ILs with the mixed water stable alkylcyanoborate anions points towards the potential of these fluorine-free borate anions, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schopper
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Landmann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan A P Sprenger
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Zapf
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai V Ignat'ev
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Consultant, Merck Life Science KGaA, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Jena R, Benner F, Delano F, Holmes D, McCracken J, Demir S, Odom AL. A rare isocyanide derived from an unprecedented neutral yttrium(ii) bis(amide) complex. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4257-4264. [PMID: 37123180 PMCID: PMC10132164 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00171g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A room temperature stable complex formulated as Y(NHAr*)2 has been prepared, where Ar* = 2,6-(2,4,6-(iPr)3C6H2)C6H3, by KC8 reduction of ClY(NHAr*)2. Based on EPR evidence, Y(NHAr*)2 is an example of a d1 Y(ii) complex with significant delocalization of the unpaired electron density from the metal to the ligand. The isolation of molecular divalent metal complexes is challenging for rare earth elements such as yttrium. In fact, stabilization of the divalent state requires judicious ligand design that allows the metal center to be coordinatively saturated. Divalent rare earth elements tend to be reactive towards various substrates. Interestingly, Y(NHAr*)2 reacts as a radical donor towards t BuNC to generate an unusual yttrium isocyanide complex, CNY(NHAr*)2, based on spectroscopic evidence and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Jena
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry 578 S. Shaw Ln East Lansing MI USA 48824
| | - Florian Benner
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry 578 S. Shaw Ln East Lansing MI USA 48824
| | - Francis Delano
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry 578 S. Shaw Ln East Lansing MI USA 48824
| | - Daniel Holmes
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry 578 S. Shaw Ln East Lansing MI USA 48824
| | - John McCracken
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry 578 S. Shaw Ln East Lansing MI USA 48824
| | - Selvan Demir
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry 578 S. Shaw Ln East Lansing MI USA 48824
| | - Aaron L Odom
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry 578 S. Shaw Ln East Lansing MI USA 48824
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4
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Zapf L, Riethmann M, Föhrenbacher SA, Finze M, Radius U. An easy-to-perform evaluation of steric properties of Lewis acids. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2275-2288. [PMID: 36873848 PMCID: PMC9977453 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Steric and electronic effects play a very important role in chemistry, as these effects influence the shape and reactivity of molecules. Herein, an easy-to-perform approach to assess and quantify steric properties of Lewis acids with differently substituted Lewis acidic centers is reported. This model applies the concept of the percent buried volume (%V Bur) to fluoride adducts of Lewis acids, as many fluoride adducts are crystallographically characterized and are frequently calculated to judge fluoride ion affinities (FIAs). Thus, data such as cartesian coordinates are often easily available. A list of 240 Lewis acids together with topographic steric maps and cartesian coordinates of an oriented molecule suitable for the SambVca 2.1 web application is provided, together with different FIA values taken from the literature. Diagrams of %V Bur as a scale for steric demand vs. FIA as a scale for Lewis acidity provide valuable information about stereo-electronic properties of Lewis acids and an excellent evaluation of steric and electronic features of the Lewis acid under consideration. Furthermore, a novel LAB-Rep model (Lewis acid/base repulsion model) is introduced, which judges steric repulsion in Lewis acid/base pairs and helps to predict if an arbitrary pair of Lewis acid and Lewis base can form an adduct with respect to their steric properties. The reliability of this model was evaluated in four selected case studies, which demonstrate the versatility of this model. For this purpose, a user-friendly Excel spreadsheet was developed and is provided in the ESI, which works with listed buried volumes of Lewis acids %V Bur_LA and of Lewis bases %V Bur_LB, and no results from experimental crystal structures or quantum chemical calculations are necessary to evaluate steric repulsion in these Lewis acid/base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Zapf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany https://www.ak-radius.de https://go.uniwue.de/finze-group.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Melanie Riethmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany https://www.ak-radius.de https://go.uniwue.de/finze-group.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Steffen A Föhrenbacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany https://www.ak-radius.de https://go.uniwue.de/finze-group
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany https://www.ak-radius.de https://go.uniwue.de/finze-group.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany https://www.ak-radius.de https://go.uniwue.de/finze-group
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5
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Sellin M, Rupf SM, Abram U, Malischewski M. Eightfold Electrophilic Methylation of Octacyanotungstate [W(CN) 8] 4-/3-: Preparation of Homoleptic, Eight-Coordinate Methyl Isocyanide Complexes [W(CNMe) 8] 4+/5. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5917-5924. [PMID: 33775090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Homoleptic eightfold coordinated methyl isocyanide complexes of W(IV) and W(V) have been prepared for the first time. The reaction of [NBu4]4[W(CN)8] with methyl triflate (MeOTf) gives [W(CNMe)8][OTf]4. The even stronger methylating mixture of methyl fluoride (MeF) and arsenic pentafluoride (AsF5) in liquid sulfur dioxide (SO2) is able to fully alkylate both [NBu4]4[W(CN)8] and [NBu4]3[W(CN)8]. The paramagnetic octakis(methyl isocyanide)tungsten(V) complex [W(CNMe)8][AsF6]5 is thermally highly unstable above -30 °C. All compounds have been characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR, Raman, and NMR or EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Sellin
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Margot Rupf
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Abram
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Malischewski
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Schopper N, Sprenger JAP, Zapf L, Reiss GJ, Ignat’ev NV, Finze M. Alkoxycyanoborates: metal salts and low-viscosity ionic liquids. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04950f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alkoxycyanoborates including low-viscosity ionic liquids which are promising materials in particular for electrochemical applications and Li[CH3OB(CN)3], which is a potential conducting salt, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schopper
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan A. P. Sprenger
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Zapf
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guido J. Reiss
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl für Material- und Strukturforschung, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat’ev
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Consultant, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Bischoff LA, Riefer J, Wirthensohn R, Bischof T, Bertermann R, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M. Pentafluoroethylaluminates: A Combined Synthetic, Spectroscopic, and Structural Study. Chemistry 2020; 26:13615-13620. [PMID: 32167200 PMCID: PMC7689865 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Salts of the tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)aluminate anion [Al(C2 F5 )4 ]- were obtained from AlCl3 and LiC2 F5 . They were isolated with different counter-cations and characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Degradation of the [Al(C2 F5 )4 ]- ion was found to proceed via 1,2-fluorine shifts and stepwise loss of CF(CF3 ) under formation of [(C2 F5 )4-n AlFn ]- (n=1-4) as assessed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and supported by results of DFT calculations. In addition, the [(C2 F5 )AlF3 ]- ion was structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Bischoff
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jarno Riefer
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Raphael Wirthensohn
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Tobias Bischof
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- ConsultantMerck KGaA64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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8
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Drisch M, Bischoff LA, Sprenger JAP, Hennig PT, Wirthensohn R, Landmann J, Konieczka SZ, Hailmann M, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M. Innovative Syntheses of Cyano(fluoro)borates: Catalytic Cyanation, Electrochemical and Electrophilic Fluorination. Chemistry 2020; 26:11625-11633. [PMID: 32453869 PMCID: PMC7540003 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Different types of high-yield, easily scalable syntheses for cyano(fluoro)borates Kt[BFn (CN)4-n ] (n=0-2) (Kt=cation), which are versatile building blocks for materials applications and chemical synthesis, have been developed. Tetrafluoroborates react with trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of metal-free Brønsted or Lewis acid catalysts under unprecedentedly mild conditions to give tricyanofluoroborates or tetracyanoborates. Analogously, pentafluoroethyltrifluoroborates are converted into pentafluoroethyltricyanoborates. Boron trifluoride etherate, alkali metal salts, and trimethylsilyl cyanide selectively yield dicyanodifluoroborates or tricyanofluoroborates. Fluorination of cyanohydridoborates is the third reaction type that includes direct fluorination with, for example, elemental fluorine, stepwise halogenation/fluorination reactions, and electrochemical fluorination (ECF) according to the Simons process. In addition, fluorination of [BH(CN)2 {OC(O)Et}]- to result in [BF(CN)2 {OC(O)Et}]- is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Drisch
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie &, Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lisa A. Bischoff
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie &, Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jan A. P. Sprenger
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie &, Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Philipp T. Hennig
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie &, Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Raphael Wirthensohn
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie &, Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Johannes Landmann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie &, Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Szymon Z. Konieczka
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie &, Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Hailmann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie &, Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie &, Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- ConsultantMerck KGaA64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie &, Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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10
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Abstract
Preference for the binding mode of the CN- ligand to Mg (Mg-CN vs. Mg-NC) is investigated. A monomeric Mg complex with a terminal CN ligand was prepared using the dipyrromethene ligand Mes DPM which successfully blocks dimerization. While reaction of (Mes DPM)MgN(SiMe3 )2 with Me3 SiCN gave the coordination complex (Mes DPM)MgN(SiMe3 )2 ⋅NCSiMe3 , reaction with (Mes DPM)Mg(nBu) led to (Mes DPM)MgNC⋅(THF)2 . A Mg-NC/Mg-CN ratio of ≈95:5 was established by crystal-structure determination and DFT calculations. IR studies show absorbances for CN stretching at 2085 cm-1 (Mg-NC) and 2162 cm-1 (Mg-CN) as confirmed by 13 C labeling. In solution and in the solid state, the CN ligand rotates within the pocket. The calculated isomerization barrier is only 12.0 kcal mol-1 and the 13 C NMR signal for CN decoalesces at -85 °C (Mg-NC: 175.9 ppm, Mg-CN: 144.3 ppm). Experiment and theory both indicate that Mg complexes with the CN- ligand should not be named cyanides but are more properly defined as isocyanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Consultant, Merck KGaA; 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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12
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Pammer F, Schepper J, Glöckler J, Sun Y, Orthaber A. Expansion of the scope of alkylboryl-bridged N → B-ladder boranes: new substituents and alternative substrates. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10298-10312. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01555h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of new boranes capable of forming intramolecular N → B-heterocycles has been prepared and their properties have been studied by electrochemical methods and UV-vis-spectroscopy complemented by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Jonas Schepper
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Johannes Glöckler
- Institut of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström laboratories
- Uppsala University
- 75120 Uppsala
- Sweden
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13
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Zottnick SH, Daul WG, Kerpen C, Finze M, Müller‐Buschbaum K. Lanthanide Coordination Polymers and MOFs based on the Dicyanodihydridoborate Anion. Chemistry 2018; 24:15287-15294. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Zottnick
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Wiebke G. Daul
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Kerpen
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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14
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Konieczka SZ, Schlüter F, Sindorf C, Kerpen C, Bernhardt E, Finze M. Stepwise Introduction of Cyano Groups intonido- andcloso-Undecaborate Clusters. Chemistry 2018; 24:3528-3538. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Z. Konieczka
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Florian Schlüter
- Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaussstrasse 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Christoph Sindorf
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Kerpen
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Eduard Bernhardt
- Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaussstrasse 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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15
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Landmann J, Sprenger JAP, Hennig PT, Bertermann R, Grüne M, Würthner F, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M. Perfluoroalkyltricyanoborate and Perfluoroalkylcyanofluoroborate Anions: Building Blocks for Low-Viscosity Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2017; 24:608-623. [PMID: 28884848 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The potassium perfluoroalkyltricyanoborates K[Cn F2 n+1 B(CN)3 ] [n=1 (1 d), 2 (2 d)] and the potassium mono(perfluoroalkyl)cyanofluoroborates K[Cn F2 n+1 BF(CN)2 ] [n=1 (1 c), 2 (2 c)] and [Cn F2 n+1 BF2 (CN)]- [n=1 (1 b), 2 (2 b), 3 (3 b), 4 (4 b)] are accessible with perfect selectivities on multi-gram scales starting from K[Cn F2 n+1 BF3 ] and Me3 SiCN. The K+ salts are starting materials for the preparation of salts with organic cations, for example, [EMIm]+ (EMIm=1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium). These [EMIm]+ salts are hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) that are thermally, chemically and electrochemically very robust, offering electrochemical windows up to 5.8 V. The RTILs described herein, exhibit very low viscosities with a minimum of 14.0 mPa s at 20 °C for [EMIm]1 c, low melting points down to -57 °C for [EMIm]2 b and extraordinary high conductivities up to 17.6 mS cm-1 at 20 °C for [EMIm]1 c. The combination of these properties makes these ILs promising materials for electrochemical devices as exemplified by the application of selected RTILs as component of electrolytes in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs, Grätzel cells). The efficiency of the DSSCs was found to increase with a decreasing viscosity of the neat ionic liquid. In addition to the spectroscopic characterisation, single crystals of the potassium salts of the anions 1 b-d, 2 d, 3 b and 4 c as well as of [nBu4 N]2 c have been studied by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Landmann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan A P Sprenger
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp T Hennig
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Grüne
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie &, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie &, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai V Ignat'ev
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Ribbeck T, Zottnick SH, Kerpen C, Landmann J, Ignat’ev NV, Müller-Buschbaum K, Finze M. Anhydrous, Homoleptic Lanthanide Frameworks with the Pentafluoroethyltricyanoborate Anion. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2278-2286. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ribbeck
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven H. Zottnick
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kerpen
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Landmann
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Müller-Buschbaum
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Engesser TA, Friedmann C, Martens A, Kratzert D, Malinowski PJ, Krossing I. Homoleptic Gold Acetonitrile Complexes with Medium to Very Weakly Coordinating Counterions: Effect on Aurophilicity? Chemistry 2016; 22:15085-15094. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christian Friedmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Arthur Martens
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Przemysław J. Malinowski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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18
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Iwasaki K, Yoshii K, Tsuzuki S, Matsumoto H, Tsuda T, Kuwabata S. Alkali Metal Salts with Designable Aryltrifluoroborate Anions. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9468-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Iwasaki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshii
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Research
Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsumoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Environment, Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsuda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Susumu Kuwabata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Environment, Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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19
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Au-Yeung KC, So YM, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Leung WH. Tetravalent cerium pseudohalide complexes supported by the Kläui tripodal ligand [Co(η5-C5H5){P(O)(OEt)2}3]−. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18163-18170. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03740b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerium(iv) pseudohalide complexes supported by the Kläui tripodal ligand [Co(η5-C5H5){P(O)(OEt)2}3]− (LOEt−) have been synthesized and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Chun Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yat-Ming So
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Herman H.-Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- People's Republic of China
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20
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Landmann J, Sprenger JAP, Hailmann M, Bernhardt-Pitchougina V, Willner H, Ignat'ev N, Bernhardt E, Finze M. The Hexacyanodiborane(6) Dianion [B2(CN)6]2−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Landmann J, Sprenger JAP, Hailmann M, Bernhardt-Pitchougina V, Willner H, Ignat'ev N, Bernhardt E, Finze M. Das Hexacyanodiboran(6)-Dianion [B2(CN)6]2−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Sprenger JAP, Landmann J, Drisch M, Ignat'ev N, Finze M. Syntheses of tricyanofluoroborates M[BF(CN)3] (M = Na, K): (CH3)3SiCl catalysis, countercation effect, and reaction intermediates. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3403-12. [PMID: 25785852 DOI: 10.1021/ic503077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Potassium tricyanofluoroborate, K[BF(CN)3], which is the starting material for tricyanofluoroborate room-temperature ionic liquids [N. Ignat'ev et al. J. Fluorine Chem., submitted] was obtained on a molar scale (140 g) from Na[BF4] and (CH3)3SiCN with a purity of up to 99.9%. The initial product of the reaction that was catalyzed by (CH3)3SiCl was Na[BF(CN)3]·(CH3)3SiCN that was characterized by multinuclear NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Na[BF(CN)3]·(CH3)3SiCN was converted to K[BF(CN)3] via a simple extraction protocol. The catalytic effect of (CH3)3SiCl was evaluated and some intermediates of the reaction, including the isocyanoborate anion [BF(NC)(CN)2](-), were identified using multinuclear NMR and vibrational spectroscopy. K[BF2(CN)2] also reacted with (CH3)3SiCN in the presence of (CH3)3SiCl, to result in K[BF(CN)3]. The interpretation of the experimental observations was supported by data derived from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, the influence of selected countercations of the tetrafluoroborate anion on the progress of the (CH3)3SiCl-catalyzed reaction was studied. The fastest reaction was observed for Na[BF4], while the conversion of [BF4](-) to [BF(CN)3](-) was slower with the countercation K(+). Li[BF4] and [Et4N][BF4] were converted under the reaction conditions applied to Li[BF2(CN)2] and [Et4N][BF2(CN)2] only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A P Sprenger
- †Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Landmann
- †Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Drisch
- †Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Ignat'ev
- §Merck KGaA, PM-ATI, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- †Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Hailmann M, Konieczka SZ, Himmelspach A, Löblein J, Reiss GJ, Finze M. Carba-closo-dodecaborate anions with two functional groups: [1-R-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB₁₁H₁₀]⁻ (R = CN, NC, CO₂H, C(O)NH₂, NHC(O)H). Inorg Chem 2014; 53:9385-99. [PMID: 25140733 DOI: 10.1021/ic501526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Disubstituted carba-closo-dodecaborate anions with one functional group bonded to the cluster carbon atom and one ethynyl group bonded to the antipodal boron atom were synthesized from easily accessible {closo-1-CB11} clusters. [Et4N][1-NC-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]4b) was prepared starting from Cs[12-Et3SiC≡C-closo-1-CB11H11] (Cs1c) via salts of the anions [1-HO(O)C-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10](-) (2b) and [1-H2N(O)C-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10](-) (3b). In a similar reaction sequence [Et4N][1-CN-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]7b) was obtained from Cs[1-H2N-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] (Cs5b) by formamidation to yield [Et4N][1-H(O)CHN-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]6b) and successive dehydration. In addition, the synthesis of the isonitrile [Et4N][1-CN-closo-1-CB11H11] ([Et4N]7a) is presented. The {closo-1-CB11} derivatives were characterized by multinuclear NMR as well as vibrational spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of [Et4N][1-HO(O)C-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]2b), [Et4N][1-H2N(O)C-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]3b), [Et4N][1-NC-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]4b), [Et4N][1-H(O)CHN-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]6b), [Et4N][1-CN-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]7b), and K[1-H(O)CHN-closo-1-CB11H11] ([Et4N]6a) were determined. The transmission of electronic effects through the carba-closo-dodecaboron cage was studied based on (13)C NMR spectroscopic data, by results derived from density functional theory calculations, and by a comparison to the data of related benzene and bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hailmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Bardin VV, Shundrina IK, Frohn HJ. Thermoanalytical and preparative investigations of the decomposition of potassium perfluoroorganyl(fluoro)borate salts, K[RFBF3] (RF=perfluoroalkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, and -aryl groups) and K[(RF)2BF2] (RF=C6F5 and C6F13). J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Lipke MC, Tilley TD. Silane–Isocyanide Coupling Involving 1,1-Insertion of XylNC into the Si–H Bond of a σ-Silane Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10298-301. [DOI: 10.1021/ja404910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Lipke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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26
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Bernhardt E, Finze M, Willner H. Mechanistic Study on the Fluorination of K[B(CN)4] with ClF Enabling the High Yield and Large Scale Synthesis of K[B(CF3)4] and K[(CF3)3BCN]. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:10268-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Bernhardt
- Fachbereich C − Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helge Willner
- Fachbereich C − Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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28
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Ethynylmonocarba-closo-dodecaborates: M[12-HCC-closo-1-CB11H11] and M[7,12-(HCC)2-closo-1-CB11H10] (M=Cs+, [Et4N]+). J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Himmelspach A, Finze M. Dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes with One and Two Ethynyl Groups Bonded to Boron. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Tsyganenko AA, Chizhik AM, Chizhik AI. A FTIR search for linkage isomerism of CN− ions adsorbed on oxides and zeolites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:6387-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c003942j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Zhang J, Cai S, Chen Z. Theoretical investigation on multinuclear NMR chemical shifts of some tris(trifluoromethyl)boron complexes. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:629-634. [PMID: 19384915 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tris(trifluoromethyl)boron complexes have unusual properties and may find applications in many fields of chemistry, biology, and physics. To gain insight into their NMR properties, the isotropic 11B, 13C, and 19F NMR chemical shifts of a series of tris(trifluoromethyl)boron complexes were systematically studied using the gauge-included atomic orbitals (GIAO) method at the levels of B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p). Solvent effects were taken into account by polarizable continuum models (PCM). The calculated results were compared with the experimental values. The reason that the structurally inequivalent fluorine atoms in a specific species give a same chemical shift in experimental measurements is attributed to the fast rotation of CF3 group around the B-C(F3) bond because of the low energy barrier. The calculated 11B, 13C(F3), and 19F chemical shifts are in good agreement with the experimental measurements, while the deviations of calculated 13C(X, X = O, N) chemical shifts are slightly large. For the latter, the average absolute deviations of the results from B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) are smaller than those from B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G*, and the inclusion of PCM reduces the deviation values. The calculated 19F and 11B chemical shieldings of (CF3)3BCO are greatly dependent on the optimized structures, while the influence of structural parameters on the calculated 13C chemical shieldings is minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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33
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Finze M, Bernhardt E, Willner H. Trifluoromethylboranes and -Borates: New Synthetic Strategies and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:9180-96. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Finze M, Bernhardt E, Willner H. Trifluormethylborane und -borate – neue Synthesestrategien und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Braga D, Chierotti MR, Garino N, Gobetto R, Grepioni F, Polito M, Viale A. Cis−Trans Isomerization in Crystalline [(η5-C5H5)Fe(μ-CO)(CO)]2. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om061103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Braga
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Michele R. Chierotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Nadia Garino
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Grepioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Polito
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Viale
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Bernhardt E, Finze M, Willner H, Lehmann CW, Aubke F. Salts of the Cobalt(I) Complexes [Co(CO)5]+ and [Co(CO)2(NO)2]+ and the Lewis Acid–Base Adduct [Co2(CO)7COB(CF3)3]. Chemistry 2006; 12:8276-83. [PMID: 16915593 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [Co(2)(CO)(8)] with (CF(3))(3)BCO in hexane leads to the Lewis acid-base adduct [Co(2)(CO)(7)CO--B(CF(3))(3)] in high yield. When the reaction is performed in anhydrous HF solution [Co(CO)(5)][(CF(3))(3)BF] is isolated. The product contains the first example of a homoleptic metal pentacarbonyl cation with 18 valence electrons and a trigonal-bipyramidal structure. Treatment of [Co(2)(CO)(8)] or [Co(CO)(3)NO] with NO(+) salts of weakly coordinating anions results in mixed crystals containing the [Co(CO)(5)](+)/[Co(CO)(2)(NO)(2)](+) ions or pure novel [Co(CO)(2)(NO)(2)](+) salts, respectively. This is a promising route to other new metal carbonyl nitrosyl cations or even homoleptic metal nitrosyl cations. All compounds were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Bernhardt
- FB C Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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Geier J, Pawelke G, Willner H. Cesium Hydridotris(trifluoromethyl)borate, Cs[(CF3)3BH]. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:6549-54. [PMID: 16878970 DOI: 10.1021/ic0604361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Cs[(CF3)3BNH2] with the aminating agent H2NOSO3H in aqueous solution allowed the isolation of pure Cs[(CF3)3BH], which is stable up to 300 degrees C. Due to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the CF3 substituents, the [(CF3)3BH]- anion behaves as a very unreactive hydride. It is stable in concentrated hydrochloric acid for many days but reacts cleanly with F2, Cl2, and Br2 to the corresponding haloborates. The molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: orthorhombic, space group Pnma; a = 11.4296(5) A, b = 7.9510(4) A, c = 9.7268(5) A; V = 883.94(7) A(3), Z = 4; R1 = 0.0294, wR2 = 0.0818. The anions exhibit only Cs symmetry in the lattice. The natural and deuterated anions were characterized by IR, Raman, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy; vibrational assignments were supported by DFT calculations. QTAIM charges derived from the B3LYP electron density are given for [(CF3)3BH]- and several related anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Geier
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, FB C - Anorganische Chemie, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Finze M, Bernhardt E, Willner H, Lehmann CW. (PPh3)3RhCNB(CF3)3 and (PPh3)3RhNCB(CF3)3: Isocyano- and Cyanoborate Complexes of Tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I). Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060135z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maik Finze
- FB C-Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Eduard Bernhardt
- FB C-Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Helge Willner
- FB C-Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian W. Lehmann
- FB C-Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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39
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Finze M, Bernhardt E, Willner H, Lehmann CW. Reactions of (CF3)3BCO with Amines and Phosphines. Inorg Chem 2005; 45:669-78. [PMID: 16411702 DOI: 10.1021/ic0515305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of tris(trifluoromethyl)borane carbonyl, (CF(3))(3)BCO, with ammonia yielded either a mixture of [NH(4)][(CF(3))(3)BC(O)NH(2)], [NH(4)][(CF(3))(3)BCN], and [NH(4)](2)[{(CF(3))(3)BC(O)}(2)NH] or neat [NH(4)](2)[{(CF(3))(3)BC(O)}(2)NH] depending on the reaction conditions. The salt K[(CF(3))(3)BC(O)NH(2)] was obtained as the sole product from the reaction of NH(3) with K[(CF(3))(3)BC(O)F]. A simple synthesis for cyanotris(trifluoromethyl)borates, M[(CF(3))(3)BCN], was developed by dehydration of M[(CF(3))(3)BC(O)NH(2)] (M = [NH(4)], K) using phosgene. In addition, syntheses of the tris(trifluoromethyl)boron species [(CF(3))(3)BC(O)NH(n)()Pr](-), [(CF(3))(3)BC(O)NMe(2)](-), and (CF(3))(3)BC(O)NMe(3), as well as of (CF(3))(3)BC(O)PMe(3), were performed. All species were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. As far as neat substances resulted, IR and Raman spectra were recorded and their thermal behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The interpretation of reaction pathways, structures, and vibrational spectra are supported by DFT calculations. The solid-state structure of K(2)[{(CF(3))(3)BC(O)}(2)NH].2MeCN was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Finze
- FB C-Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Finze M, Bernhardt E, Willner H, Lehmann CW. Haloacyl Complexes of Boron, [(CF3)3BC(O)Hal]− (Hal=F, Cl, Br, I). Chemistry 2005; 11:6653-65. [PMID: 16130154 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The haloacyltris(trifluoromethyl)borate anions [(CF3)3BC(O)Hal]- (Hal=F, Cl, Br, I) have been synthesized by reacting (CF3)3BCO with either MHal (M=K, Cs; Hal=F) in SO2 or MHal (M=[nBu4N]+, [Et4N]+, [Ph4P]+; Hal=Cl, Br, I) in dichloromethane. Metathesis reactions of the fluoroacyl complex with Me3SiHal (Hal=Cl, Br, I) led to the formation of its higher homologues. The thermal stabilities of the haloacyltris(trifluoromethyl)borates decrease from the fluorine to the iodine derivative. The chemical reactivities decrease in the same order as demonstrated by a series of selected reactions. The new [(CF3)3BC(O)Hal]- (Hal=F, Cl, Br) salts are used as starting materials in the syntheses of novel compounds that contain the (CF3)3B-C fragment. All borate anions [(CF3)3BC(O)Hal]- (Hal=F, Cl, Br, I) have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (11B, 13C, 17O, 19F) and vibrational spectroscopy. [PPh4][(CF3)3BC(O)Br] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/c (no. 13) and the bond parameters are compared with those of (CF3)3BCO and K[(CF3)3BC(O)F]. The interpretation of the spectroscopic and structural data are supported by DFT calculations [B3LYP/6-311+G(d)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Finze
- FB C-Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Finze M, Bernhardt E, Berkei M, Willner H, Hung J, Waymouth RM. [H(OEt2)2]+and [Ph3C]+Salts of the Borate Anions [B(CF3)4]-, [(CF3)3BCN]-, and [B(CN)4]-. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050463j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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