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Yang D, Huang R, Zou B, Wang R, Wang Y, Ang EH, Song X. Unraveling nanosprings: morphology control and mechanical characterization. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3500-3527. [PMID: 38864466 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanosprings demonstrate promising mechanical characteristics, positioning them as pivotal components in a diverse array of potential nanoengineering applications. To unlock the full potential of these nanosprings, ongoing research is concentrated on emulating springs at the nanoscale in terms of both morphology and function. This review underscores recent advancements in the field and provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse methods employed for nanospring preparation. Understanding the general mechanism behind nanospring formation lays the groundwork for the informed design of nanosprings. The synthesis section delineates four prominent methods employed for nanospring fabrication: vapor phase synthesis, templating methods, post-treatment techniques, and molecular engineering. Each method is critically analyzed, highlighting its strengths, limitations, and potential for scalability. Mechanical properties of nanosprings are explored in depth, discussing their response to external stimuli and their potential applications in various fields such as sensing, energy storage, and biomedical engineering. The interplay between nanospring morphology and mechanical behavior is elucidated, providing insights into the design principles for tailored functionality. Additionally, we anticipate that the evolution of state-of-the-art characterization tools, such as in situ transmission electron microscopy, 3D electron tomography, and machine learning, will significantly contribute to both the study of nanospring mechanisms and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui Province, 230009, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui Province, 230009, China.
| | - Bolin Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui Province, 230009, China.
| | - Ruoxu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Edison Huixiang Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Xiaohui Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui Province, 230009, China.
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2
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Duan Y, Che S. Chiral Mesostructured Inorganic Materials with Optical Chiral Response. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205088. [PMID: 36245314 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating chiral inorganic materials and revealing their unique quantum confinement-determined optical chiral responses are crucial tasks in the multidisciplinary fields of chemistry, physics, and biology. The field of chiral mesostructured inorganic materials started from the synthesis of individual nanocrystals and evolved to include their assembly from metals, semiconductors, ceramics, and inorganic salts endowed with various chiral structures ranging from atomic to micron scales. This tutorial review highlights the recent research on chiral mesostructured inorganic materials, especially the novel expression of mesostructured chirality and endowed optical chiral response, and it may inspire us with new strategies for the design of chiral inorganic materials and new opportunities beyond the traditional applications of chirality. Fabrication methods for chiral mesostructured inorganic materials are classified according to chirality type, scale, and symmetry-breaking mechanism. Special attention is given to highlight systems with original discoveries, exceptional phenomena, or unique mechanisms of optical chiral response for left- and right-handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Duan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shunai Che
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Matrix Composite, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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3
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Chrystie RSM. A Review on 1-D Nanomaterials: Scaling-Up with Gas-Phase Synthesis. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300087. [PMID: 37309743 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire-like materials exhibit distinctive properties comprising optical polarisation, waveguiding, and hydrophobic channelling, amongst many other useful phenomena. Such 1-D derived anisotropy can be further enhanced by arranging many similar nanowires into a coherent matrix, known as an array superstructure. Manufacture of nanowire arrays can be scaled-up considerably through judicious use of gas-phase methods. Historically, the gas-phase approach however has been extensively used for the bulk and rapid synthesis of isotropic 0-D nanomaterials such as carbon black and silica. The primary goal of this review is to document recent developments, applications, and capabilities in gas-phase synthesis methods of nanowire arrays. Secondly, we elucidate the design and use of the gas-phase synthesis approach; and finally, remaining challenges and needs are addressed to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S M Chrystie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5050, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- IRC for Membranes & Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5051, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Chen J, Yang C, Ma S, Liu Z, Xiang W, Zhang J. Polarization-induced nanohelixes of organic cocrystals from asymmetric components with dopant-induced chirality inversion. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2091-2096. [PMID: 36845927 PMCID: PMC9945330 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular chirality is essential for the development of functional materials. In this study, we report the synthesis of twisted nanobelts based on charge-transfer (CT) complexes using self-assembly cocrystallization starting from asymmetric components. An asymmetric donor, DBCz, and a typical acceptor, tetracyanoquinodimethane, were used to construct a chiral crystal architecture. An asymmetric alignment of the donor molecules induced polar ±(102) facets that, accompanied with free-standing growth, resulted in a twisting along the b-axis due to the electrostatic repulsive interactions. Meanwhile, the alternately oriented ±(001) side-facets were responsible for the propensity of the helixes to be right-handed. Addition of a dopant significantly enhanced the twisting probability by reducing the surface tension and adhesion influence, even switching the chirality preference of the helixes. In addition, we could further extend the synthetic route to other CT systems for formation of other chiral micro/nanostructures. Our study offers a novel design approach for chiral organic micro/nanostructures for applications in optically active systems, micro/nano-mechanical systems and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Canglei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenxin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Killalea
- School of Chemistry The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry The University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - David B. Amabilino
- School of Chemistry The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry The University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
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6
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Fan J, Kotov NA. Chiral Nanoceramics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906738. [PMID: 32500963 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of different chiral inorganic nanomaterials has been experiencing rapid growth during the past decade, with its primary focus on metals and semiconductors. Ceramic materials can substantially expand the range of mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and biological properties of chiral nanostructures, further stimulating theoretical, synthetic, and applied research in this area. An ever-expanding toolbox of nanoscale engineering and self-organization provides a chirality-based methodology for engineering of hierarchically organized ceramic materials. However, fundamental discoveries and technological translations of chiral nanoceramics have received substantially smaller attention than counterparts from metals and semiconductors. Findings in this research area are scattered over a variety of sources and subfields. Here, the diversity of chemistries, geometries, and properties found in chiral ceramic nanostructures are summarized. They represent a compelling materials platform for realization of chirality transfer through multiple scales that can result in new forms of ceramic materials. Multiscale chiral geometries and the structural versatility of nanoceramics are complemented by their high chiroptical activity, enantioselectivity, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility. Future development in this field is likely to encompass chiral synthesis, biomedical applications, and optical/electronic devices. The implementation of computationally designed chiral nanoceramics for biomimetic catalysts and quantum information devices may also be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchen Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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7
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Hao H, Jenkins K, Huang X, Xu Y, Huang J, Yang R. Piezoelectric Potential in Single-Crystalline ZnO Nanohelices Based on Finite Element Analysis. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7120430. [PMID: 29215564 PMCID: PMC5746920 DOI: 10.3390/nano7120430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electric potential produced in deformed piezoelectric nanostructures is of significance for both fundamental study and practical applications. To reveal the piezoelectric property of ZnO nanohelices, the piezoelectric potential in single-crystal nanohelices was simulated by finite element method calculations. For a nanohelix with a length of 1200 nm, a mean coil radius of 150 nm, five active coils, and a hexagonal coiled wire with a side length 100 nm, a compressing force of 100 nN results in a potential of 1.85 V. This potential is significantly higher than the potential produced in a straight nanowire with the same length and applied force. Maintaining the length and increasing the number of coils or mean coil radius leads to higher piezoelectric potential in the nanohelix. Appling a force along the axial direction produces higher piezoelectric potential than in other directions. Adding lateral forces to an existing axial force can change the piezoelectric potential distribution in the nanohelix, while the maximum piezoelectric potential remains largely unchanged in some cases. This research demonstrates the promising potential of ZnO nanohelices for applications in sensors, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, nanorobotics, and energy sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hao
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kory Jenkins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yiqian Xu
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Jiahai Huang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Rusen Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
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8
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Overhead projector sheets as substrate for deposition of one-dimensional tin dioxide nanostructures for use as a chemoresistive sensor for hydrogen. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Ma W, Xu L, de Moura AF, Wu X, Kuang H, Xu C, Kotov NA. Chiral Inorganic Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8041-8093. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André F. de Moura
- Department
of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, CP 676, CEP 13.565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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10
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Chang S, Yang X, Sang Y, Liu H. Highly Efficient Photocatalysts and Continuous-Flow Photocatalytic Reactors for Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2352-71. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiu Yang
- Basic Research Service; Ministry of Science and Technology; of the People's Republic of China; Beijing 100862 P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 P.R. China
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11
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Liu Y, Liu X, Zhan Y, Fan H, Lu Y. Copper nanocoils synthesized through solvothermal method. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16879. [PMID: 26607386 PMCID: PMC4660362 DOI: 10.1038/srep16879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently helical nanostructures such as nanosprings and nanocoils have drawn great interests in nanotechnology, due to their unique morphologies and physical properties, and they may be potential building blocks in sorts of electromechanical, magnetic, photoelectronic and plasmonic devices at micro/nanoscales. In this report, multi-turns copper nanocoils were synthesized through a modified solvothermal method, in which the mixture of water and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were selected as reaction medium and copolymer poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP/VA 64E) as reductant. In the liquid solution, nanosprings could be formed from relaxed nanocoils and demonstrated high elasticity. These nanocoils and nanosprings are of single crystalline structure, with the characteristics wire diameters ranging from tens to a few hundreds of nanometers and the ring/coil diameters mostly ~10–35 microns. Their growth and deformation mechanisms were then investigated and discussed along with that of previously reported single-turn copper nanorings. This work could be of importance for researchers working on synthesis and applications of novel 1-D helical nanomaterials and their functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Liu
- Institute of Photonics and Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yongjie Zhan
- Institute of Photonics and Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Haiming Fan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Oxide Reinforced Polyamide-66 Composites. ELASTOMERS AND COMPOSITES 2015. [DOI: 10.7473/ec.2015.50.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Zhao K, Du G, Luo L, Qin G, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Zhao H. Novel multi-layered SnO2nanoarray: self-sustained hydrothermal synthesis, structure, morphology dependence and growth mechanism. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce02310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Renard L, Brötz J, Fuess H, Gurlo A, Riedel R, Toupance T. Hybrid organotin and tin oxide-based thin films processed from alkynylorganotins: synthesis, characterization, and gas sensing properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:17093-17101. [PMID: 25192546 DOI: 10.1021/am504723t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysis-condensation of bis(triprop-1-ynylstannyl)butylene led to nanostructured bridged polystannoxane films yielding tin dioxide thin layers upon UV-treatment or annealing in air. According to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data, the films were composed of a network of aggregated "pseudo-particles", as calcination at 600 °C is required to form cassiterite nanocrystalline SnO2 particles. In the presence of reductive gases such as H2 and CO, these films gave rise to highly sensitive, reversible, and reproducible responses. The best selectivity toward H2 was reached at 150 °C with the hybrid thin films that do not show any response to CO at 20-200 °C. On the other hand, the SnO2 films prepared at 600 °C are more sensitive to H2 than to CO with best operating temperature in the 300-350 °C range. This organometallic approach provides an entirely new class of gas-sensing materials based on a class II organic-inorganic hybrid layer, along with a new way to include organic functionality in gas sensing metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Renard
- University of Bordeaux , Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
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15
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Pal B, Pal B. Influence of CuO Nanostructures on the Thermal Conductivity of DI Water and Ethylene Glycol Based Nanofluids. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2014.953647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Ren Z, Gao PX. A review of helical nanostructures: growth theories, synthesis strategies and properties. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9366-400. [PMID: 24824353 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Helical nanomaterials represent an emerging group of nanostructures with unique spiral geometry as well as multiple functionalities owing to their enriched physical and chemical properties. With the novel properties enabled by their nanoscale dimension and unique geometry, the helical nanostructures may open opportunities to develop our understanding of new physics, chemistry and biology, and enable new nanodevice design and fabrication. This review article presents a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the latest progress in helical nanostructures synthesis, properties and potential applications. Specific attention is concentrated on the crystal growth theory for helical nanostructures, summary of the helical nanomaterials obtained so far, and their fabrication techniques as well as typical physical properties that can be potentially utilized for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA.
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17
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Masuda Y, Ohji T, Kato K. Aqueous phase deposition of dense tin oxide films with nano-structured surfaces. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Zhou W, Guan Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Liu D, Jiang H, Wang J, Liu X, Liu H, Chen S. PdO/TiO2and Pd/TiO2Heterostructured Nanobelts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1648-54. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Ren L, Kotha SP. Centrifugal Jet Spinning for Highly Efficient and Large-scale Fabrication of Barium Titanate Nanofibers. MATERIALS LETTERS 2014; 117:153-157. [PMID: 24563566 PMCID: PMC3928980 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The centrifugal jet spinning (CJS) method has been developed to enable large-scale synthesis of barium titanate nanofibers. Barium titanate nanofibers with fiber diameters down to 50 nm and grain sizes around 25 nm were prepared with CJS by spinning a sol-gel solution of barium titanate and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) with subsequent heat treatment at 850 °C. XRD and FTIR analysis demonstrated high purity and tetragonal perovskite structured barium titanate nanofibers. SEM and TEM images confirm the continuous high aspect ratio structure of barium titanate nanofibers after heat treatment. It is demonstrated that the CJS technique offers a highly efficient method for large-scale fabrication of ceramic nanofibers at production rates of up to 0.3 gram/minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Ren
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Shiva P. Kotha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
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20
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Shtukenberg AG, Punin YO, Gujral A, Kahr B. Wachstumsinduziertes Biegen und Verwinden von Einkristallen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Shtukenberg AG, Punin YO, Gujral A, Kahr B. Growth actuated bending and twisting of single crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:672-99. [PMID: 24382661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crystals of a variety of substances including elements, minerals, simple salts, organic molecular crystals, and high polymers forgo long-range translational order by twisting and bending as they grow. These deviations have been observed in crystals ranging in size from nanometers to centimeters. How and why so many materials choose dramatic non-crystallographic distortions is analyzed, with an emphasis on crystal chemistries that give rise to stresses operating either on surfaces of crystallites or within the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York City, NY 10003 (USA).
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22
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Sain S, Kar A, Patra A, Pradhan SK. Structural interpretation of SnO2nanocrystals of different morphologies synthesized by microwave irradiation and hydrothermal methods. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce42281j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Luan HX, Zhang CW, Li F, Li P, Ren MJ, Yuan M, Ji WX, Wang PJ. Design of ferromagnetism in Co-doped SnO2 nanosheets: a first-principles study. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46325g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Chirality in nanoscience may offer new opportunities for applications beyond the traditional fields of chirality, such as the asymmetric catalysts in the molecular world and the chiral propellers in the macroscopic world. In the last two decades, there has been an amazing array of chiral nanostructures reported in the literature. This review aims to explore and categorize the common mechanisms underlying these systems. We start by analyzing the origin of chirality in simple systems such as the helical spring and hair vortex. Then, the chiral nanostructures in the literature were categorized according to their material composition and underlying mechanism. Special attention is paid to highlight systems with original discoveries, exceptional structural characteristics, or unique mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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Li XB, Wang XW, Shen Q, Zheng J, Liu WH, Zhao H, Yang F, Yang HQ. Controllable low-temperature chemical vapor deposition growth and morphology dependent field emission property of SnO2 nanocone arrays with different morphologies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:3033-3041. [PMID: 23514640 DOI: 10.1021/am303012u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned SnO2 nanocones with different morphologies have been directly grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates in a large area by heating a mixture of stannous chloride dihydrate (SnCl2·2H2O) and anhydrous zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at 600 °C in air. Control over the SnO2 nanocone arrays with different morphologies is achieved by adjusting the heat treatment time. The SnO2 nanocones are single crystalline with the tetragonal structure. A single-layer SnO2 nanoparticle film is first formed via the vapor-solid (VS) process due to the decentralization function of ZnCl2 vapor, and the SnO2 nanoparticles served as seeds and grew into nanocone arrays via the VS process. The sharp-tipped nanostructure formation may originate from a concentration gradient of reactant in the growth process. The as-obtained whiskerlike nanocone arrays exhibit enhanced field emission properties in comparison with typical nanoconelike structure arrays and other SnO2 nanostructured materials reported previously, and the turn-on field and field-enhancement factor is 1.19 V/μm and 3110, respectively. The experimental result is consistent with the Utsumi's relative figure of merit for pillar-shaped emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
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Fabrication and application of mesoporous Sb-doped SnO2 electrode with high specific surface in electrochemical degradation of ketoprofen. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xiao G, Wang Y, Ning J, Wei Y, Liu B, Yu WW, Zou G, Zou B. Recent advances in IV–VI semiconductor nanocrystals: synthesis, mechanism, and applications. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23209c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Masuda Y, Ohji T, Kato K. Water bathing synthesis of high-surface-area nanocrystal-assembled SnO2 particles. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu X, Zhou W, Yin Z, Hao X, Wu Y, Xu X. Growth of single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays on GaN light-emitting diodes with enhanced light extraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm14369k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Luo LB, Liang FX, Jie JS. Sn-catalyzed synthesis of SnO2 nanowires and their optoelectronic characteristics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:485701. [PMID: 22056680 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/48/485701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the rational synthesis of one-dimensional SnO(2) nanowires (SnO(2)NWs) via a Sn-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism, in which Sn nanoparticles can direct the oriented growth of SnO(2)NWs at high temperature. I-V measurement of a field effect transistor made of individual SnO(2)NWs exhibits typical n-type semiconducting characteristics with an electron mobility and concentration of 14.36 cm(2) V( - 1) s( - 1) and 1.145 × 10(17) cm( - 3), respectively. The SnO(2)NW-based photodetector shows a high sensitivity to UV light radiation, and a fast light response speed of millisecond rise time/fall time with excellent stability and reproducibility, whereas it is nearly blind to illumination with wavelengths in the visible range. Detailed reasons to account for the detection selectivity and rapid response speed are proposed. The generality of the above results suggests that our SnO(2)NW photodetectors have potential application in nanoscaled optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-bao Luo
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Chandrappa GT, Chithaiah P, Ashoka S, Livage J. Morphological Evolution of (NH4)0.5V2O5·mH2O Fibers into Belts, Triangles, and Rings. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:7421-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2005858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jacques Livage
- Chimie de la Matière Condensée, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France
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Masuda Y, Ohji T, Kato K. Site-Selective Chemical Reaction on Flexible Polymer Films for Tin Oxide Nanosheet Patterning. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shen G, Liang B, Wang X, Chen PC, Zhou C. Indium oxide nanospirals made of kinked nanowires. ACS NANO 2011; 5:2155-2161. [PMID: 21329335 DOI: 10.1021/nn103358y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Helical inorganic nanostructures have received great attention due to their unique structures that could be interesting for both fundamental research and nanodevice applications. Using a tube-in-tube laser ablation chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method with gold nanoparticles as the catalysts, we reported the synthesis of self-assembled kinked In2O3 nanospirals and multikinked nanowires. As-synthesized nanostructures showed ultrafast photoinduced reversible wettability switching behavior from hydrophobic (132.7°) to superhydrophilic (0°) within 14 min. Single kinked In2O3 nanostructure-based field-effect transistors were fabricated, and mobilities higher than 200 cm2/(V·s) were obtained, revealing good opportunity in fabricating high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Shen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Jang YH, Yang SY, Jang YJ, Park C, Kim JK, Kim DH. Ultrahigh Density Arrays of Toroidal ZnO Nanostructures by One-Step Cooperative Self-Assembly Processes: Mechanism of Structural Evolution and Hybridization with Au Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2011; 17:2068-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fan FJ, Zhan YJ, Zhu JH, Song JM, Yu SH. Fluorescent bracelet-like Cu@cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microrings by a hydrothermal process. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00227a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Singhal A, Sanyal B, Tyagi AK. Tin oxide nanocrystals: controllable synthesis, characterization, optical properties and mechanistic insights into the formation process. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Srivastava S, Santos A, Critchley K, Kim KS, Podsiadlo P, Sun K, Lee J, Xu C, Lilly GD, Glotzer SC, Kotov NA. Light-Controlled Self-Assembly of Semiconductor Nanoparticles into Twisted Ribbons. Science 2010; 327:1355-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1177218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Xi G, Ye J. Ultrathin SnO2 Nanorods: Template- and Surfactant-Free Solution Phase Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, Optical, Gas-Sensing, and Surface Adsorption Properties. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:2302-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Xi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonic, and Photocatalytic Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jinhua Ye
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonic, and Photocatalytic Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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Liu K, You H, Zheng Y, Jia G, Song Y, Huang Y, Yang M, Jia J, Guo N, Zhang H. Facile and rapid fabrication of metal–organic framework nanobelts and color-tunable photoluminescence properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b927465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Ma D, Yang D, Jiang J, Cai P, Huang S. One-dimensional hexagonal-phase NaYF4: Controlled synthesis, self-assembly, and morphology-dependent up-conversion luminescence properties. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b918980g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Zhou W, Liu H, Boughton RI, Du G, Lin J, Wang J, Liu D. One-dimensional single-crystalline Ti–O based nanostructures: properties, synthesis, modifications and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b927224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Chen CC, Cheng WY, Lu SY, Lin YF, Hsu YJ, Chang KS, Kang CH, Tung KL. Growth of zirconia and yttria-stabilized zirconia nanorod arrays assisted by phase transition. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c000728e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gao HW, Lin J, Li WY, Hu ZJ, Zhang YL. Formation of shaped barium sulfate-dye hybrids: waste dye utilization for eco-friendly treatment of wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 17:78-83. [PMID: 19844752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Owing to the present complexity and difficulty of concentrated dye wastewater treatment, this work aimed to synthesize a reproducible waste-sorbing material for the treatment of wastewater by forming the dye-conjugating complex hybrid. METHODS The inorganic/organic hybridization was applied to prepare the objective material by immobilizing waster dye-Mordant blue 9 (MB) with barium sulfate (BaSO4). The composition and pattern of the formed material were determined by spectrometry and characterized by SEM and XRD, and their formation process was clarified. The adsorption of cationic dye-basic blue BO (BB) and copper ion was investigated. RESULTS The hybrid of MB alone into growing BaSO4 formed the pineapple-like particles while that of the MB/BB-conjugating complex was the rhombus material. The adsorption of BB on the MB-BaSO4 hybrid was probably attributed to ion-pair equilibrium and that of Cu2+ may result from the complexation. The treatment of dye and heavy metal wastewaters indicated that the MB hybrid material removed 99.8% BB and 97% Cu2+ and the dye-conjugating hybrid with growing BaSO4 100% MB, 99.5% BB, and 44% Cu2+. CONCLUSION The waste MB-BaSO4 hybrid material is efficient to treat cationic dye and Cu2+ wastewater. The dye-conjugating hybridization method is the first to be advanced for in situ wastewater treatment, and it showed a combined effect for the removal of both organic dyes and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Li H, Li B, Chen Y, Zhang M, Wang S, Li Y, Yang Y. Preparation of Chiral 4,4′-Biphenylene-silica Nanoribbons. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Taghvaei V, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Behboudnia M. Preparation and characterization of SnO2 nanoparticles in aqueous solution of [EMIM][EtSO4] as a low cost ionic liquid using ultrasonic irradiation. POWDER TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Luo Y. ZnO microrods photodeposited with Au@Ag nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and application in SERS. COLLOID JOURNAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x09020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang Z, Gao J, Wong LM, Tao JG, Liao L, Zheng Z, Xing GZ, Peng HY, Yu T, Shen ZX, Huan CHA, Wang SJ, Wu T. Morphology-controlled synthesis and a comparative study of the physical properties of SnO2 nanostructures: from ultrathin nanowires to ultrawide nanobelts. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:135605. [PMID: 19420508 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/13/135605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlled synthesis of one-dimensional materials, such as nanowires and nanobelts, is of vital importance for achieving the desired properties and fabricating functional devices. We report a systematic investigation of the vapor transport growth of one-dimensional SnO(2) nanostructures, aiming to achieve precise morphology control. SnO(2) nanowires are obtained when SnO(2) mixed with graphite is used as the source material; adding TiO(2) into the source reliably leads to the formation of nanobelts. Ti-induced modification of crystal surface energy is proposed to be the origin of the morphology change. In addition, control of the lateral dimensions of both SnO(2) nanowires (from approximately 15 to approximately 115 nm in diameter) and nanobelts (from approximately 30 nm to approximately 2 microm in width) is achieved by adjusting the growth conditions. The physical properties of SnO(2) nanowires and nanobelts are further characterized and compared using room temperature photoluminescence, resonant Raman scattering, and field emission measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
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Hu MJ, Lu Y, Zhang S, Guo SR, Lin B, Zhang M, Yu SH. High Yield Synthesis of Bracelet-like Hydrophilic Ni−Co Magnetic Alloy Flux-Closure Nanorings. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11606-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja804467g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Hu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Rui Guo
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, The People’s Republic of China
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