1
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Hauer S, Reitz J, Koike T, Hansmann MM, Wolf R. Cycloadditions of Diazoalkenes with P 4 and tBuCP: Access to Diazaphospholes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202410107. [PMID: 38949951 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Diazoalkenes readily react with tert-butylphosphaalkyne (tBuCP) and white phosphorus (P4) to afford novel phosphorus heterocycles, 3H-1,2,4-diazamonophospholes and 1,2,3,4-diazadiphospholes. Both species represent rare examples of neutral heterophospholes. The mechanism of formation and the electronic structures of these formal (3+2) cycloaddition products were analyzed computationally. The new phospholes form structurally diverse coordination compounds with transition metal and main group elements. Given the growing number of stable diazoalkenes, this work offers a straightforward route to neutral aza(di-)phospholes as a new ligand class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hauer
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Justus Reitz
- TU Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Taichi Koike
- TU Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- TU Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Pei R, Chang W, He L, Wang T, Zhao Y, Liang Y, Wang X. Main-group compounds selectively activate natural gas alkanes under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7943. [PMID: 39261473 PMCID: PMC11391052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Most C-H bond activations of natural gas alkanes rely on transition metal complexes. Activations by using main-group systems have been reported but required heating or photo-irradiation under high atmospheric pressure with rather low regioselectivity. Here we report that Lewis acid-carbene adducts facilely undergo oxidative additions to C-H bonds of ethane, propane and n-butane with high selectivity under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The Lewis acids can be moved by the addition of a base and the carbene-derived products can be easily converted into aldehydes. This work offers a route for main-group element compounds to selectively functionalise C-H bonds of natural gas alkanes and other small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runbo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenju Chang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liancheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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3
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LaPierre EA, Patrick BO, Manners I. Synthesis of Carbene-Stabilized PNPN Fragments and Their Carbene-Dependent Redox Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6326-6335. [PMID: 38408316 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of carbene-stabilized 1,3-diaza-2,4-diphosphabutenes CAACMePNPNCAACMe 4CAAC (CAACMe = 1-[2,6-bis(isopropyl)phenyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene) and IPrPNPNIPr 4NHC (IPr = 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene). The bonding in both systems is defined by a delocalized polar covalent π-system, with 4NHC exhibiting increased conjugation relative to 4CAAC. The nature of the stabilizing carbene also influences the redox properties of the compound, with 4CAAC undergoing potassium-mediated reduction to the closed-shell P-P bonded dimer K252, which upon treatment with Kryptofix-2,2,2 converts to the transient radical anion [Kcrypt][5], the formal one-electron reduction product of 4CAAC. In contrast, 4NHC undergoes reversible one-electron oxidation to the stable radical cation [6NHC][SbF6]. Computational and spectroscopic analyses of both radical species are suggestive of unevenly delocalized spin, with the bulk of the spin density residing on phosphorus in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne A LaPierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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4
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Reichl S, Riesinger C, Yadav R, Timoshkin AY, Roesky PW, Scheer M. Reactivity of [Cp*Fe(η 5 -As 5 )] towards Carbenes, Silylenes and Germylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316117. [PMID: 37983682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The reaction behavior of [Cp*Fe(η5 -As5 )] (I) (Cp*=C5 Me5 ) towards carbenes and their heavier analogs was investigated. The reaction of I with NHCs (NHCs=N-heterocyclic carbenes) results in the first substitution products of polyarsenic ligand complexes by NHCs [Cp*Fe(η4 -As5 NHC)] (1 a: NHC=IMe=1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazolin-2-ylidene, 1 b: NHC=IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene). In contrast, the reaction of I with Et CAAC (Et CAAC=2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,4-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-5-ylidene) leads to a fragmentation and the formation of an unprecedented As6 -sawhorse-type compound [As2 (AsEt CAAC)4 ] (2). The reaction of (LE)2 (L=PhC(Nt Bu)2 ; E=Si, Ge) with I resulted in a rearrangement and an insertion of LE fragments, forming unique silicon- (4: [Cp*Fe(η4 -As4 SiL)], 5 a: [Cp*Fe(η4 -As6 SiL)) and germanium-containing (5 b: [Cp*Fe(η4 -As6 GeL)) cyclic polyarsenic ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Reichl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Riesinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Lin J, Liu S, Zhang J, Grützmacher H, Su CY, Li Z. Room temperature stable E, Z-diphosphenes: their isomerization, coordination, and cycloaddition chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10944-10952. [PMID: 37829033 PMCID: PMC10566463 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04506d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
E,Z-isomers display distinct physical properties and chemical reactivities. However, investigations on heavy main group elements remain limited. In this work, we present the isolation and X-ray crystallographic characterization of N-heterocyclic vinyl (NHV) substituted diphosphenes as both E- and Z-isomers (L[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-P[double bond, length as m-dash]P-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]L, E,Z-2b; L = N-heterocyclic carbene). E-2b is thermodynamically more stable and undergoes reversible photo-stimulated isomerization to Z-2b. The less stable Z-isomer Z-2b can be thermally reverted to E-2b. Theoretical studies support the view that this E ↔ Z isomerization proceeds via P[double bond, length as m-dash]P bond rotation, reminiscent of the isomerization observed in alkenes. Furthermore, both E,Z-2b coordinate to an AuCl fragment affording the complex [AuCl(η2-Z-2b)] with the diphosphene ligand in Z-conformation, exclusively. In contrast, E,Z-2b undergo [2 + 4] and [2 + 1] cycloadditions with dienes or diazo compounds, respectively, yielding identical cycloaddition products in which the phosphorus bound NHV groups are in trans-position to each other. DFT calculations provide insight into the E/Z-isomerisation and stereoselective formation of Au(i) complexes and cycloaddition products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Lin
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shihua Liu
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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6
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Wang Y, Robinson GH. Counterintuitive Chemistry: Carbene Stabilization of Zero-Oxidation State Main Group Species. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5592-5612. [PMID: 36876997 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbenes have evolved from transient laboratory curiosities to a robust, diverse, and surprisingly impactful ligand class. A variety of different carbenes have significantly contributed to the development of low-oxidation state main group chemistry. This Perspective focuses upon advances in the chemistry of carbene complexes containing main group element cores in the formal oxidation state of zero, including their diverse synthetic strategies, unusual bonding and structural motifs, and utility in transition metal coordination chemistry and activation of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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7
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Weiser J, Cui J, Dewhurst RD, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Fantuzzi F. Structure and bonding of proximity-enforced main-group dimers stabilized by a rigid naphthyridine diimine ligand. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:456-467. [PMID: 36054757 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of ligands capable of effectively stabilizing highly reactive main-group species has led to the experimental realization of a variety of systems with fascinating properties. In this work, we computationally investigate the electronic, structural, energetic, and bonding features of proximity-enforced group 13-15 homodimers stabilized by a rigid expanded pincer ligand based on the 1,8-naphthyridine (napy) core. We show that the redox-active naphthyridine diimine (NDI) ligand enables a wide variety of structural motifs and element-element interaction modes, the latter ranging from isolated, element-centered lone pairs (e.g., E = Si, Ge) to cases where through-space π bonds (E = Pb), element-element multiple bonds (E = P, As) and biradical ground states (E = N) are observed. Our results hint at the feasibility of NDI-E2 species as viable synthetic targets, highlighting the versatility and potential applications of napy-based ligands in main-group chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Weiser
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jingjing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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8
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Riesinger C, Dielmann F, Szlosek R, Virovets AV, Scheer M. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Cyclooctatetraene-Like Polyphosphorus Ligand Complex [Cyclo-P 8 ]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218828. [PMID: 36692270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The thermolysis of Cp'''Ta(CO)4 with white phosphorus (P4 ) gives access to [{Cp'''Ta}2 (μ,η2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 -P8 )] (A), representing the first complex containing a cyclooctatetraene-like (COT) cyclo-P8 ligand. While ring sizes of n >6 have remained elusive for cyclo-Pn structural motifs, the choice of the transition metal, co-ligand and reaction conditions allowed the isolation of A. Reactivity investigations reveal its versatile coordination behaviour as well as its redox properties. Oxidation leads to dimerization to afford [{Cp'''Ta}4 (μ4 ,η2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 -P16 )][TEF]2 (4, TEF=[Al(OC{CF3 }3 )4 ]- ). Reduction, however, leads to the fission of one P-P bond in A followed by rapid dimerization to form [K@[2.2.2]cryptand]2 [{Cp'''Ta}4 (μ4 ,η2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 -P16 )] (5), which features an unprecedented chain-type P16 ligand. Lastly, A serves as a P2 synthon, via ring contraction to the triple-decker complex [{Cp'''Ta}2 (μ,η6 : 6 -P6 )] (B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Riesinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Szlosek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander V Virovets
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Kuchkaev AM, Kuchkaev AM, Khayarov KR, Zueva EM, Dobrynin AB, Islamov DR, Yakhvarov DG. PNP Ligands in Cobalt‐Mediated Activation and Functionalization of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210973. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Airat M. Kuchkaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Aidar M. Kuchkaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Khasan R. Khayarov
- Institute of Physics Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina M. Zueva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Kazan National Research Technological University Karl Marx Street 68 Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
| | - Alexey B. Dobrynin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Daut R. Islamov
- Laboratory for Structural Studies of Biomacromolecules FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Lobachevskogo Street 2/31 Kazan 420111 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry G. Yakhvarov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
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10
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Joshi G, Sreerag MN, Jemmis ED, Nixon JF. P n Ring Size Dependence on NHC-Induced Ring Contraction Reactions of [CoCp‴(η 4-P 4)], [Ta(CO) 2Cp″(η 4-P 4)], and [FeCp*(η 5-P 5)]: A DFT Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15822-15830. [PMID: 36169982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The facile ring contraction of [CoCp‴(η4-P4)] and [Ta(CO)2Cp″(η4-P4)] to [CoCp‴(η3-P3)][(MeNHC)2P] and [Ta(CO)2Cp″(η3-P3)] [(MeNHC)2P] induced by MeNHC and the absence of the ring contraction of [FeCp*(η5-P5)] under the same conditions are studied by density functional theory (DFT) computations. The latter is estimated to be thermodynamically the least favorable reaction and also has a very high energy barrier. The similar strain energies of P3 and P4 rings and the lower strain energy of the P5 ring play a decisive role in the ring contraction capability of these [TM-cyclo-Pn] complexes. Theoretical approaches involving NBO and IBO analysis have been employed to provide a qualitative picture of the overall reactions. The role of substituents and the nature of transition metals in determining the energetics of these reactions has also been studied and an isolobal perspective on these systems affords a simplified picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - John F Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ U.K
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11
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Xiong Y, Dong S, Yao S, Dai C, Zhu J, Kemper S, Driess M. An Isolable 2,5‐Disila‐3,4‐Diphosphapyrrole and a Conjugated Si=P−Si=P−Si=N Chain Through Degradation of White Phosphorus with a
N,N
‐Bis(Silylenyl)Aniline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209250. [PMID: 35876267 PMCID: PMC9545316 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
White phosphorus (P4) undergoes degradation to P2 moieties if exposed to the new N,N‐bis(silylenyl)aniline PhNSi21 (Si=Si[N(tBu)]2CPh), furnishing the first isolable 2,5‐disila‐3,4‐diphosphapyrrole 2 and the two novel functionalized Si=P doubly bonded compounds 3 and 4. The pathways for the transformation of the non‐aromatic 2,5‐disila‐3,4‐diphosphapyrrole PhNSi2P22 into 3 and 4 could be uncovered. It became evident that 2 reacts readily with both reactants P4 and 1 to afford either the polycyclic Si=P‐containing product [PhNSi2P2]2P23 or the unprecedented conjugated Si=P−Si=P−Si=NPh chain‐containing compound 4, depending on the employed molar ratio of 1 and P4 as well as the reaction conditions. Compounds 3 and 4 can be converted into each other by reactions with 1 and P4, respectively. All new compounds 1–4 were unequivocally characterized including by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the electronic structures of 2–4 were established by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
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12
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Piesch M, Nicolay A, Haimerl M, Seidl M, Balázs G, Don Tilley T, Scheer M. Binding, Release and Functionalization of Intact Pnictogen Tetrahedra Coordinated to Dicopper Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201144. [PMID: 35575052 PMCID: PMC9541576 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The bridging MeCN ligand in the dicopper(I) complexes [(DPFN)Cu2 (μ,η1 : η1 -MeCN)][X]2 (X=weakly coordinating anion, NTf2 (1 a), FAl[OC6 F10 (C6 F5 )]3 (1 b), Al[OC(CF3 )3 ]4 (1 c)) was replaced by white phosphorus (P4 ) or yellow arsenic (As4 ) to yield [(DPFN)Cu2 (μ,η2 : η2 -E4 )][X]2 (E=P (2 a-c), As (3 a-c)). The molecular structures in the solid state reveal novel coordination modes for E4 tetrahedra bonded to coinage metal ions. Experimental data and quantum chemical computations provide information concerning perturbations to the bonding in coordinated E4 tetrahedra. Reactions with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) led to replacement of the E4 tetrahedra with release of P4 or As4 and formation of [(DPFN)Cu2 (μ,η1 : η1 -Me NHC)][X]2 (4 a,b) or to an opening of one E-E bond leading to an unusual E4 butterfly structural motif in [(DPFN)Cu2 (μ,η1 : η1 -E4 Dipp NHC)][X]2 (E=P (5 a,b), E=As (6)). With a cyclic alkyl amino carbene (Et CAAC), cleavage of two As-As bonds was observed to give two isomers of [(DPFN)Cu2 (μ,η2 : η2 -As4 Et CAAC)][X]2 (7 a,b) with an unusual As4 -triangle+1 unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Amélie Nicolay
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720–1460United States
- Chemical Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia94720United States
| | - Maria Haimerl
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720–1460United States
- Chemical Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia94720United States
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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13
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Xiong Y, Dong S, Yao S, Dai C, Zhu J, Kemper S, Driess M. An Isolable 2,5‐Disila‐3,4‐Diphosphapyrrole and a Conjugated Si=P‐Si=P‐Si=N Chain Through Degradation of White Phosphorus with a N,N‐Bis(Silylenyl)Aniline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Shenglai Yao
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Jun Zhu
- Xiamen University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Matthias Driess
- Technische Universität Berlin Chemie Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin GERMANY
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14
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Xiong Y, Dong S, Yao S, Zhu J, Driess M. Unexpected White Phosphorus (P 4 ) Activation Modes with Silylene-Substituted o-Carboranes and Access to an Isolable 1,3-Diphospha-2,4-disilabutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205358. [PMID: 35502702 PMCID: PMC9401593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
New types of metal-free white phosphorus (P4 ) activation are reported. While the phosphine-silylene-substituted dicarborane 1, CB-SiP (CB=ortho-C,C'-C2 B10 H10 , Si=PhC(tBuN)2 Si, P=P[N(tBu)CH2 ]2 ), activates white phosphorus in a 2 : 1 molar ratio to yield the P5 -chain containing species 2, the analogous bis(silylene)-substituted compound 3, CB-Si2 , reacts with P4 in the molar ratio of 2 : 1 to furnish the first isolable 1,3-diphospha-2,4-disilabutadiene (Si=P-Si=P-containing) compound 4. For the latter reaction, two intermediates having a CB-Si2 P4 and CB-Si2 P2 core could be observed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The compounds 2 and 4 were characterized including single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Their electronic structures and mechanisms were investigated by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
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15
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Deka R, Orthaber A. Carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth: origin, evolution and future prospects. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8540-8556. [PMID: 35578901 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00755j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the first isolable N-heterocyclic carbene in 1991 ushered in a new era in coordination chemistry. The remarkable bonding properties of carbenes have led to their rapid proliferation as auxiliary ligands for a wide range of transition metals and main group elements. In the case of group 15, while carbene-stabilized nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are extensively studied, the scope of research has shrunk significantly from arsenic to bismuth. This is essentially attributed to the decrease in stability of the C-E bond upon descending the group. Even so, modulating the carbene backbone or introducing alternative synthetic strategies not only alleviates the stability issues but also offers promising results in terms of the bonding and reactivities of these compounds. The purpose of the present perspective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins and development of carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, as well as to highlight the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Deka
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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17
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Xiong Y, Dong S, Yao S, Zhu J, Driess M. Unexpected White Phosphorus (P
4
) Activation Modes with Silylene‐Substituted
o
‐Carboranes and Access to an Isolable 1,3‐Diphospha‐2,4‐disilabutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
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18
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Mei Y, Yan Z, Liu LL. Facile Synthesis of the Dicyanophosphide Anion via Electrochemical Activation of White Phosphorus: An Avenue to Organophosphorus Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1517-1522. [PMID: 35041429 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have gained tremendous interest in the past decades due to their wide applications ranging from synthetic chemistry to materials and biological sciences. We describe herein a practical and versatile approach for the transformation of white phosphorus (P4) into useful OPCs with high P atom economy via a key bridging anion [P(CN)2]-. This anion can be prepared on a gram scale directly from P4 through an electrochemical process. A variety of OPCs involving phosphinidenes, cyclophosphanes, and phospholides have been made readily accessible from P4 in a two-step manner. Our approach has a significant impact on the future preparation of OPCs in laboratory and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zeen Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Philipp MSM, Krahfuss MJ, Radacki K, Radius U. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Adducts of Antimony(III). Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. M. Philipp
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mirjam J. Krahfuss
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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20
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Francisco MAS, Fantuzzi F, Cardozo TM, Esteves PM, Engels B, Oliveira RR. Taming the Antiferromagnetic Beast: Computational Design of Ultrashort Mn-Mn Bonds Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:12126-12136. [PMID: 34114702 PMCID: PMC8456913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of complexes featuring low-valent, multiply bonded metal centers is an exciting field with several potential applications. In this work, we describe the design principles and extensive computational investigation of new organometallic platforms featuring the elusive manganese-manganese bond stabilized by experimentally realized N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). By using DFT computations benchmarked against multireference calculations, as well as MO- and VB-based bonding analyses, we could disentangle the various electronic and structural effects contributing to the thermodynamic and kinetic stability, as well as the experimental feasibility, of the systems. In particular, we explored the nature of the metal-carbene interaction and the role of the ancillary η6 coordination to the generation of Mn2 systems featuring ultrashort metal-metal bonds, closed-shell singlet multiplicities, and positive adiabatic singlet-triplet gaps. Our analysis identifies two distinct classes of viable synthetic targets, whose electrostructural properties are thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. S. Francisco
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Thiago M. Cardozo
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Pierre M. Esteves
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ricardo R. Oliveira
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
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21
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Giusti L, Landaeta VR, Vanni M, Kelly JA, Wolf R, Caporali M. Coordination chemistry of elemental phosphorus. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Boronski JT, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. Fragmentation, catenation, and direct functionalisation of white phosphorus by a uranium(IV)-silyl-phosphino-carbene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5090-5093. [PMID: 33899851 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature reaction of the uranium(iv)-carbene [U{C(SiMe3)(PPh2)}(BIPMTMS)(μ-Cl)Li(TMEDA)(μ-TMEDA)0.5]2 (1, BIPMTMS = C(PPh2NSiMe3)2) with white phosphorus (P4) produces the organo-P5 compound [P5{C(SiMe3)(PPh2)}2][Li(TMEDA)2] (2) and the uranium(iv)-methanediide [U{BIPMTMS}{Cl}{μ-Cl}2{Li(TMEDA)}] (3). This is an unprecedented example of cooperative metal-carbene P4 activation/insertion into a metal-carbon double bond and also an actinide complex reacting with P4 to directly form an organophosphorus species. Conducting the reaction at low temperature permits the isolation of the diuranium(iv) complex [{U(BIPMTMS)([μ-η2:η2-P2]C[SiMe3][PPh2])}2] (4), which then converts to 2 and 3. Thus, surprisingly, in contrast to all other actinide P4 reactivity, although this reaction produces catenation overall it proceeds via P4 cleavage to functionalised P2 units. Hence, this work establishes a proof of concept synthetic cycle for direct fragmentation, catenation, and functionalisation of P4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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23
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Hierlmeier G, Uttendorfer MK, Wolf R. Di- tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane as a building block for phosphaalkenes and phosphirenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2356-2359. [PMID: 33576360 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07103j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable 'mixed' diphosphatetrahedrane (tBuCP)2 (1) - which is both the elusive dimeric form of the phosphaalkyne tBuCP and an isolobal analogue of the important industrial feedstock P4 - was recently isolated for the first time; however, its chemistry remains unexplored. Herein we report that treatment of 1 with various N-heterocyclic carbenes readily yields unusual, unsaturated organophosphorus motifs. These results demonstrate the significant potential of 1 as a building block for the synthesis of previously unknown organophosphorus compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Regensburg 93040, Germany.
| | - Maria K Uttendorfer
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Regensburg 93040, Germany.
| | - Robert Wolf
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Regensburg 93040, Germany.
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24
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Borthakur B, Ghosh B, Phukan AK. The flourishing chemistry of carbene stabilized compounds of group 13 and 14 elements. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Wang Y, Szilvási T, Yao S, Driess M. A bis(silylene)-stabilized diphosphorus compound and its reactivity as a monophosphorus anion transfer reagent. Nat Chem 2020; 12:801-807. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Yadav R, Goswami B, Simler T, Schoo C, Reichl S, Scheer M, Roesky PW. A bis(germylene) functionalized metal-coordinated polyphosphide and its isomerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10207-10210. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pentaphosphaferrocene, [Cp*Fe(η5-P5)], was used as an air-stable source of polyphosphorus units to synthesize a novel bis(germylene)-functionalized transition metal polyphosphide complex, which further undergoes a unique constitutional isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Yadav
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Bhupendra Goswami
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Thomas Simler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christoph Schoo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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27
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Manar KK, Porwal VK, Kamte RS, Adhikari M, Thakur SK, Bawari D, Choudhury AR, Singh S. Reactions of a BICAAC with hydroboranes: propensity for Lewis adduct formation and carbene insertion into the B-H bond. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17472-17478. [PMID: 31714564 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of a bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) towards different boranes has been examined in the present work. The reactions with boranes BX3·SMe2 (X = H, Cl, Br), BF3·OEt2 and BCl3 yield Lewis adducts [BICAAC·BH3] (1), [BICAAC·BHCl2] (2), [BICAAC·BH2Cl] (3), [BICAAC·BF3] (4), [BICAAC·BCl3] (5) and [BICAAC·BBr3] (6) respectively, whereas more hydridic boranes, 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) and catecholborane (HBcat), enable the insertion of the carbene carbon into the B-H bond to form [BICAAC(H)-(9-BBN)] (7) and [BICAAC(H)-Bcat] (8). These complexes are the first examples of BICAAC-boron compounds and have been characterized using IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Computational analyses were also performed to gain insight into the mechanism of B-H bond activation and adduct formation. Furthermore, the reactions of the BICAAC with boranes have been compared with the known reactions of CAACs and NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Manar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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28
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Piesch M, Reichl S, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Ringkontraktion durch NHC‐induzierte Pnictogen‐Abstraktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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29
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Piesch M, Reichl S, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Ring Contraction by NHC‐Induced Pnictogen Abstraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16563-16568. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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30
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Rottschäfer D, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Direct functionalization of white phosphorus with anionic dicarbenes and mesoionic carbenes: facile access to 1,2,3-triphosphol-2-ides. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11078-11085. [PMID: 32206256 PMCID: PMC7069227 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of unique C2P3-ring compounds [(ADCAr)P3] (4) are readily accessible in an almost quantitative yield by the direct functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) with appropriate anionic dicarbenes [Li(ADCAr)].
A series of unique C2P3-ring compounds [(ADCAr)P3] (ADCAr = ArC{(DippN)C}2; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; Ar = Ph 4a, 3-MeC6H44b, 4-MeC6H44c, and 4-Me2NC6H44d) are readily accessible in an almost quantitative yield by the direct functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) with appropriate anionic dicarbenes [Li(ADCAr)]. The formation of 1,2,3-triphosphol-2-ides (4a–4d) suggests unprecedented [3 + 1] fragmentation of P4 into P3+ and P–. The P3+ cation is trapped by the (ADCAr)– to give 4, while the putative P– anion reacts with additional P4 to yield the Li3P7 species, a useful reagent in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds. Remarkably, the P4 fragmentation is also viable with the related mesoionic carbenes (iMICsAr) (iMICAr = ArC{(DippN)2CCH}, i stands for imidazole-based) giving rise to 4. DFT calculations reveal that both the C3N2 and C2P3-rings of 4 are 6π-electron aromatic systems. The natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses indicate that compounds 4 are mesoionic species featuring a negatively polarized C2P3-ring. The HOMO–3 of 4 is mainly the lone-pair at the central phosphorus atom that undergoes σ-bond formation with a variety of metal-electrophiles to yield complexes [{(ADCAr)P3}M(CO)n] (M = Fe, n = 4, Ar = Ph 5a or 4-Me-C6H45b; M = Mo, n = 5, Ar = Ph 6; M = W, n = 5, Ar = 4-Me2NC6H47).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
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31
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Engesser TA, Transue WJ, Weis P, Cummins CC, Krossing I. As–P vs. P–P Insertion in AsP
3
: Kinetic Control of the Formation of [AsP
3
NO]
+. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität zu Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Straße 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Wesley J. Transue
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue 02139 Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Philippe Weis
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christopher C. Cummins
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue 02139 Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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32
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Du S, Yang J, Hu J, Chai Z, Luo G, Luo Y, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Direct Functionalization of White Phosphorus to Cyclotetraphosphanes: Selective Formation of Four P–C Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6843-6847. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Du
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyuan Hu
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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33
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Abstract
The generation and handling of the light-sensitive and metastable yellow arsenic (As4) is extremely challenging. In view of recent breakthroughs in synthesizing As4 storage materials and transfer reagents, the more intensive use of yellow arsenic as a source for further reactions can be expected. Given these aspects, the current stage of knowledge of the direct use of As4 is comprehensively summarized in the present review, which lists the activation of As4 by main group elements as well as transition metal compounds (including the f-block elements). Moreover, it also partly compares the reaction outcomes in relation to the corresponding reactions of P4. The possibility of using alternative sources for generating arsenic moieties and compounds is also discussed. The release of As4 molecules from precursor compounds and the use of transfer reagents for polyarsenic entities open up new synthetic pathways to avoid the direct generation of yellow arsenic solutions and to ensure its smooth usage for subsequent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93043 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93043 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93043 Regensburg , Germany
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34
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Yadav S, Deka R, Singh HB. Recent Developments in the Chemistry of NHC-based Selones: Syntheses, Applications and Reactivity. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Rajesh Deka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Harkesh B. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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35
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Nakata N, Kawauchi F, Takahashi S, Ishii A. Dicationic ditelluride salts stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbene. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two types of dicationic ditelluride salts stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbene have been synthesized and characterized by their spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Nakata
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kawauchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Shintaro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama
- Japan
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36
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Lu G, Chen J, Huangfu X, Li X, Fang M, Tang G, Zhao Y. Visible-light-mediated direct synthesis of phosphorotrithioates as potent anti-inflammatory agents from white phosphorus. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of P4 with arylthiols in the presence of Na2–eosin Y under visible light gave phosphorotrithioites. Subsequent oxidation of phosphorotrithioites produced phosphorotrithioates. The phosphorotrithioate 3f presents good inflammation reducing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhang Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Xinlei Huangfu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Xueyan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Meijuan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Guo Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
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37
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Recent advances in transition metal-mediated transformations of white phosphorus. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Hermannsdorfer A, Stephan DW, Driess M. Taming a silyldiium cation and its reactivity towards sodium phosphaethynolate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13523-13526. [PMID: 30431626 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A dicationic bis(NHC)-stabilised silyldiium complex, [bis(NHC)-SiPh2]2+ (72+) (bis(NHC) = [CH2(NC3H2NDipp)2], Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3), was synthesised for the first time. It reacts with sodium phosphaethynolate (NaOCP) as a source of monoanionic phosphorus to give the P-insertion product [bis(NHC)-PSiPh2]+ (8+). The latter comprises a seven-membered heterocycle containing a Si-P moiety which can easily be desilylated when exposed to dichlorophosphanes as exemplified by the synthesis of the diphosphanide cations [bis(NHC)-PPCy]+ (9+) and [bis(NHC)-PPPh]+ (10+).
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hermannsdorfer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Matthias Driess
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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39
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Lu W, Xu K, Li Y, Hirao H, Kinjo R. Facile Activation of Homoatomic σ Bonds in White Phosphorus and Diborane by a Diboraallene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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40
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Lu W, Xu K, Li Y, Hirao H, Kinjo R. Facile Activation of Homoatomic σ Bonds in White Phosphorus and Diborane by a Diboraallene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15691-15695. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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41
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Saha R, Pan S, Chattaraj PK. Stabilization of Boron-Boron Triple Bonds by Mesoionic Carbenes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13720-13730. [PMID: 31458073 PMCID: PMC6644692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory-based computations are carried out to analyze the electronic structure and stability of B2(MIC)2 complexes, where MIC is a mesoionic carbene, viz., imidazolin-4-ylidenes, pyrazolin-4-ylidene, 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene, tetrazol-5-ylidene, and isoxazol-4-ylidene. The structure, stability, and the nature of bonding of these complexes are further compared to those of the previously reported B2(NHC)2 and B2(cAAC)2. A thorough bonding analysis via natural bond order, molecular orbital, and energy decomposition analyses (EDA) in combination with natural orbital for chemical valence (NOCV) reveals that MICs are suitable ligands to stabilize B2 species in its (3)1∑g + excited state, resulting in an effective B-B bond order of 3. Their high dissociation energy and endergonicity at 298 K for the dissociations L-BB-L → 2 B-L and L-BB-L → BB + 2 L (L = Ligand) indicate their viability at ambient condition. The donor property of MICs is comparable to that of NHCMe. The orbital interaction plays a greater role than the coulombic interaction in forming the B-L bonds. The EDA-NOCV results show that the sum of the orbital energies associated with the (+, +) and (+, -) L→[B2]←L σ-donations is far larger than that of L←[B2]→L π-back donation. It also reveals that cAACMe possesses the largest σ-donation and π-back donation abilities among the studied ligands, and the σ-donation and π-back donation abilities of MICs are comparable to those of NHCMe. Therefore, the present study shows that MICs would also be an excellent choice as ligands to experimentally realize new compounds having a strong B-B triple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Saha
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sudip Pan
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210028, China
- E-mail: (S.P.)
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- E-mail: (P.K.C.)
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42
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Wiesner A, Steinhauer S, Beckers H, Müller C, Riedel S. [P 4H] +[Al(OTeF 5) 4] -: protonation of white phosphorus with the Brønsted superacid H[Al(OTeF 5) 4] (solv). Chem Sci 2018; 9:7169-7173. [PMID: 30288235 PMCID: PMC6151472 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A sustainable transformation of white phosphorus (P4) into chemicals of higher value is one of the key aspects in modern phosphorus research. Even though the chemistry of P4 has been investigated for many decades, its chemical reactivity towards the simplest electrophile, the proton, is still virtually unknown. Based on quantum-chemical predictions, we report for the first time the successful protonation of P4 by the Brønsted acid H[Al(OTeF5)4](solv). Our spectroscopic results are in agreement with acid-mediated activation of P4 under protonation of an edge of the P4-tetrahedron and formation of a three-center two-electron P-H-P bond. These investigations are of fundamental interest as they permit the activation of P4 with the simplest electrophile as a new prototype reaction for this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wiesner
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Fabeckstr. 34/36 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Fabeckstr. 34/36 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Fabeckstr. 34/36 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - Christian Müller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Fabeckstr. 34/36 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Fabeckstr. 34/36 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . ;
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43
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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44
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Melancon KM, Gildner MB, Hudnall TW. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Redox Reactivity of a Cyclic (Alkyl) Amino Carbene-Derived Arsamethine Cyanine Dye. Chemistry 2018; 24:9264-9268. [PMID: 29775499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In our efforts to prepare a diarsenic allotrope supported by two cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands we stumbled upon the synthesis of the first carbene-supported chloroarsinidene 3, which has been fully characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopic and XRD methods. Although further reduction of 3 was not possible, we found that addition of a second equivalent of CAAC in refluxing toluene afforded the first example of a crystallographically characterized arsamethine cyanine dye (4). The arsenic(I) dye is structurally similar to phosphorus analogues, and contains an arsenide anion with two stereochemically active lone pairs supported by two iminium ligands. The UV/Visible spectrum and redox chemistry of 4 were also explored. Upon reduction with one equivalent of KC8 , 3 is reduced to the originally targeted CAAC2 As2 allotrope 6, whereas oxidation provides access to the first example of an arsenic(II) radical dication (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kortney M Melancon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - M Brenton Gildner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Todd W Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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45
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Schwedtmann K, Zanoni G, Weigand JJ. Recent Advances in Imidazoliumyl-Substituted Phosphorus Compounds. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1388-1405. [PMID: 29573181 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the recent developments in the chemistry of selected imidazoliumyl-substituted phosphorus compounds. The synthetic approaches for their preparation with phosphorus in various oxidation states and coordination environments are discussed. Their intriguing properties and versatile chemistry strongly depends on the bonding motif at the P atoms, which is given special focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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46
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Chu T, Nikonov GI. Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination at Main-Group Element Centers. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3608-3680. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I. Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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47
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Adhikari AK, Grell T, Lönnecke P, Hey-Hawkins E. Versatile Coordination Modes of Triphospha-1,4-pentadiene-2,4-diamine. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3297-3304. [PMID: 29509417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triphospha-1,4-pentadiene-2,4-diamine reacts with [M(CO)4L] (M = Mo, L = nbd (norbornadiene); M = W, L = 2 CH3CN) to give the chelate complexes [M(CO)4(PMes{C(NHCy)PMes}2-κ P1 ,P3)]. In contrast, an unusual intramolecular rearrangement occurred with [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 leading to the dimeric copper(I) complex [Cu(CNCy){PHMesPMesC(NHCy)PMes-κ P1 ,P3}]2(PF6)2. The mechanism of the rearrangement was supported by quantum-mechanical calculations. The transition-metal complexes were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup K Adhikari
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Toni Grell
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
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48
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Fantuzzi F, Coutinho CB, Oliveira RR, Nascimento MAC. Diboryne Nanostructures Stabilized by Multitopic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fantuzzi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Caroline B. Coutinho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
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49
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Mealli C, Ienco A, Peruzzini M, Manca G. The atomic level mechanism of white phosphorous demolition by di-iodine. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:394-408. [PMID: 29219161 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04034b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed mechanism of the I2-induced transformation of white phosphorus into PI3 emerges from a DFT analysis. This multi-step process implies that at any stage one P-P and two I-I bonds cleavages, associated with the formation of two P-I bonds plus an in situ generated brand new I2 molecule. Significant electron transfer between the atoms is observed at any step, but the reactions are better defined as concerted rather than redox. Along the steepest descent to the product, no significant barrier is encountered except for the very first P4 activation, which costs +14.6 kcal mol-1. At the atomic level, one first I2 molecule, a typical mild oxidant, is first involved in a linear halogen bonding interaction (XB) with one P donor, while its terminal I atom is engaged in an additional XB adduct with a second I2. Significant electron transfer through the combined diatomics allows the external I atom of the dangling I3 grouping to convey electrons into the σ* level of one P-P bond with its consequent cleavage. This implies at some point the appearance of a six-membered ring, which alternatively switches its bonding and no-bonding interactions. The final transformation of the P2I4 diphosphine into two PI3 phosphines is enlightening also for the specific role of the I substituents. In fact, it is proved that an organo-diphosphine analogue hardly undergoes the separation of two phosphines, as reported in the literature. This is attributable to the particularly high donor power of the carbo-substituted P atoms, which prevents the concertedness of the reaction but favors charge separation in an unreactive ion pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mealli
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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Mitzinger S, Bandemehr J, Reiter K, Scott McIndoe J, Xie X, Weigend F, Corrigan JF, Dehnen S. (Ge2P2)2−: a binary analogue of P4 as a precursor to the ternary cluster anion [Cd3(Ge3P)3]3−. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1421-1424. [PMID: 29303170 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel binary P4 analogue (Ge2P2)2− proved to be a suitable precursor for heteroatomic cluster synthesis. Upon reaction with CdPh2, an unprecedented cluster anion is formed, [Cd3(Ge3P)3]−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mitzinger
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
- The University of Western Ontario, Department of Chemistry
- London
| | - Jascha Bandemehr
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Kevin Reiter
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | | | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - John F. Corrigan
- The University of Western Ontario, Department of Chemistry
- London
- Canada
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
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