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Cina JA. Dynamics of an excitation-transfer trimer: Interference, coherence, Berry's phase development, and vibrational control of non-adiabaticity. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:124307. [PMID: 37003733 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We detail several interesting features in the dynamics of an equilaterally shaped electronic excitation-transfer (EET) trimer with distance-dependent intermonomer excitation-transfer couplings. In the absence of electronic-vibrational coupling, symmetric and antisymmetric superpositions of two single-monomer excitations are shown to exhibit purely constructive, oscillatory, and purely destructive interference in the EET to the third monomer, respectively. In the former case, the transfer is modulated by motion in the symmetrical framework-expansion vibration induced by the Franck-Condon excitation. Distortions in the shape of the triangular framework degrade that coherent EET while activating excitation transfer in the latter case of an antisymmetric initial state. In its symmetrical configuration, two of the three single-exciton states of the trimer are degenerate. This degeneracy is broken by the Jahn-Teller-active framework distortions. The calculations illustrate closed, approximately circular pseudo-rotational wave-packet dynamics on both the lower and the upper adiabatic potential energy surfaces of the degenerate manifold, which lead to the acquisition after one cycle of physically meaningful geometric (Berry) phases of π. Another manifestation of Berry-phase development is seen in the evolution of the vibrational probability density of a wave packet on the lower Jahn-Teller adiabatic potential comprising a superposition of clockwise and counterclockwise circular motions. The circular pseudo-rotation on the upper cone is shown to stabilize the adiabatic electronic state against non-adiabatic internal conversion via the conical intersection, a dynamical process analogous to Slonczewski resonance. Strategies for initiating and monitoring these various dynamical processes experimentally using pre-resonant impulsive Raman excitation, short-pulse absorption, and multi-dimensional wave-packet interferometry are outlined in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Cina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular, and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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Sidhardh GL, Ajith A, Sebastian E, Hariharan M, Shaji A. Local Phonon Environment as a Design Element for Long-Lived Excitonic Coherence: Dithia-anthracenophane Revisited. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3765-3773. [PMID: 35666186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of a structured immediate phonon environment in determining the exciton dynamics and the possibility of using it as an optimal design element. Through the case study of dithia-anthracenophane, a bichromophore using the Hierarchical Equations Of Motion formalism, we show that the experimentally observed coherent exciton dynamics can be reproduced only by considering the actual structure of the phonon environment. While the slow dephasing of quantum coherence in dithia-anthracenophane can be attributed to strong vibronic coupling to high-frequency modes, vibronic quenching is the source of long oscillation periods in population transfer. This study sheds light on the crucial role of the structure of the immediate phonon environment in determining the exciton dynamics. We conclude by proposing some design principles for sustaining long-lived coherence in molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Lal Sidhardh
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Adithi Ajith
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Anil Shaji
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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Yang L, Jang SJ. Theoretical investigation of non-Förster exciton transfer mechanisms in perylene diimide donor, phenylene bridge, and terrylene diimide acceptor systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:144305. [PMID: 33086841 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of exciton transfer within dyads of perylene diimide and terrylene diimide connected by oligophenylene bridge units have been shown to deviate significantly from those of Förster's resonance energy transfer theory, according to single molecule spectroscopy experiments. The present work provides a detailed computational and theoretical study investigating the source of such a discrepancy. Electronic spectroscopy data are calculated by time-dependent density functional theory and then compared with experimental results. Electronic couplings between the exciton donor and the acceptor are estimated based on both the transition density cube method and transition dipole approximation. These results confirm that the delocalization of the exciton to the bridge parts contributes to significant enhancement of donor-acceptor electronic coupling. Mechanistic details of exciton transfer are examined by estimating the contributions of the bridge electronic states, vibrational modes of the dyads commonly coupled to both donor and acceptor, inelastic resonance energy transfer mechanism, and dark exciton states. These analyses suggest that the contribution of common vibrational modes serves as the main source of deviation from Förster's spectral overlap expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices, Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Seogjoo J Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, USA and PhD Programs in Chemistry and Physics, and Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Kowalczyk M, Chen N, Jang SJ. Comparative Computational Study of Electronic Excitations of Neutral and Charged Small Oligothiophenes and Their Extrapolations Based on Simple Models. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5758-5767. [PMID: 31459728 PMCID: PMC6648384 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports electronic excitation energies of neutral and charged oligothiophenes (OT n ) with repeat unit n = 2-6 computed by routinely used semiempirical and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods. More specifically, for OT n , OTn +, and OTn -, we calculated vertical transition energies for electronic absorption spectroscopy employing the Zerner's version of intermediate neglect differential overlap method for structures optimized by the PM6 semiempirical method and the TD-DFT method with three different functionals, B3LYP, BVP86, and M06-2X, for structures optimized by the ground-state DFT method employing the same functionals. We also calculated vertical transition energies for the emission spectroscopy from the lowest singlet excited states by employing the TD-DFT method for the structures optimized for the lowest singlet excited states. In addition to computational results in vacuum, solution phase data calculated at the level of polarizable continuum model are reported and compared with available experimental data. Most of the data are fitted reasonably well by two simple model functions, one based on a Frenkel exciton theory and the other based on the model of independent electrons in a box with sinusoidal modulation of potential. Despite similar levels of fitting performance, the two models produce distinctively different asymptotic values of excitation energies. Comparison of these with available experimental and computational data suggests that the values based on the exciton model, while seemingly overestimating, are closer to true values than those based on the other model. This assessment is confirmed by additional calculations for a larger oligomer. The fitting parameters offer new means to understand the relationship between electronic excitations of OTs and their sizes and suggest the feasibility of constructing simple coarse-grained exciton-bath models applicable for aggregates of OTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kowalczyk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University
of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, United
States
| | - Ning Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University
of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, United
States
- Ph.D.
Programs in Chemistry and Physics, and Initiative for the Theoretical
Sciences, Graduate Center, City University
of New York, 365 Fifth
Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Seogjoo J. Jang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University
of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, United
States
- Ph.D.
Programs in Chemistry and Physics, and Initiative for the Theoretical
Sciences, Graduate Center, City University
of New York, 365 Fifth
Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Jang SJ. Robust and Fragile Quantum Effects in the Transfer Kinetics of Delocalized Excitons between B850 Units of LH2 Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6576-6583. [PMID: 30383380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aggregates of light harvesting 2 (LH2) complexes form the major exciton-relaying domain in the photosynthetic unit of purple bacteria. Application of a generalized master equation to pairs of the B850 units of LH2 complexes, where excitons predominantly reside, provides quantitative information on how the inter-LH2 exciton transfer depends on the distance, relative rotational angle, and the relative energies of the two LH2s. The distance dependence demonstrates significant enhancement of the rate due to quantum delocalization of excitons, the qualitative nature of which remains robust against the disorder. The angle dependence reflects isotropic nature of exciton transfer, which remains similar for the ensemble of disorder. The variation of the rate on relative excitation energies of LH2 exhibits resonance peaks, which, however, is fragile as the disorder becomes significant. Overall, the average transfer times between two LH2s are estimated to be in the range of 4-25 ps for physically plausible inter-LH2 distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seogjoo J Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Queens College, City University of New York , 65-30 Kissena Boulevard , Queens , New York 11367 , United States
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Shimizu A, Nagasaki K, Inoue Y, Mori T. Chiroptical properties of dithia[3.3]cyclophanes composed of anthracene and pyridine/pyridinium moieties: A combined experimental and theoretical study. Chirality 2017; 29:677-683. [PMID: 28833559 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Circular dichroisms (CDs) of neutral and protonated [3.3]anthracenopyridinophane (1 and 1-H+ ) were investigated experimentally and theoretically. Introducing an anthracene moiety with extended conjugation affected the cyclophane structure with the bent angles being appreciably reduced from those of parent [3.3]pyridinophane. The Cotton effects (CEs) observed at the 1 Bb band for both 1 and 1-H+ were fairly strong and apparently bisignate, which, however, turned out not to be a simple exciton couplet but to be composed of multiple transitions. In contrast, the CEs were much weaker in the 1 La band region. The spectral changes upon protonation were less significant compared with the parent pyridinophane, being dominated by the local transitions of anthracene. Nevertheless, the CD spectra of 1 and 1-H+ were well reproduced by theoretical calculations to allow us an unambiguous absolute configuration determination of the first high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) elute (from Chiralcel IB column) as Sp . The transannular interactions between the anthracene and pyridine/pyridinium units were examined by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy to reveal a charge-transfer (CT) band in the low-energy region, particularly for 1-H+ . Despite the comparable CT interactions, the CE at the CT band was much stronger for the anthracenopyridinophane than for the parent pyridinophane, affording an anisotropy (g) factor as large as 4 × 10-3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Nelson T, Fernandez-Alberti S, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Electronic Delocalization, Vibrational Dynamics, and Energy Transfer in Organic Chromophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3020-3031. [PMID: 28603994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of materials developed for solar energy and technological applications depends on the interplay between molecular architecture and light-induced electronic energy redistribution. The spatial localization of electronic excitations is very sensitive to molecular distortions. Vibrational nuclear motions can couple to electronic dynamics driving changes in localization. The electronic energy transfer among multiple chromophores arises from several distinct mechanisms that can give rise to experimentally measured signals. Atomistic simulations of coupled electron-vibrational dynamics can help uncover the nuclear motions directing energy flow. Through careful analysis of excited state wave function evolution and a useful fragmenting of multichromophore systems, through-bond transport and exciton hopping (through-space) mechanisms can be distinguished. Such insights are crucial in the interpretation of fluorescence anisotropy measurements and can aid materials design. This Perspective highlights the interconnected vibrational and electronic motions at the foundation of nonadiabatic dynamics where nuclear motions, including torsional rotations and bond vibrations, drive electronic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammie Nelson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Kodaimati MS, Wang C, Chapman C, Schatz GC, Weiss EA. Distance-Dependence of Interparticle Energy Transfer in the Near-Infrared within Electrostatic Assemblies of PbS Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5041-5050. [PMID: 28398717 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes control of the rate constant for near-infrared excitonic energy transfer (EnT) within soluble aqueous assemblies of PbS quantum dots, cross-linked by Zn2+, by changing the length of the mercapto-alkanoic acid (MAA) that serves as the cross-linking ligand. Sequestration of Zn2+ by a chelating agent or zinc hydroxide species results in deaggregation of the assemblies with EnT turned "off". Upon decreasing the number of methylene groups in MAAs from 16 to 3, the interparticle separation decreases from 5.8 nm to 3.7 nm and the average observed EnT rate increases from ∼(150 ns)-1 to ∼(2 ns)-1. A master equation translates intrinsic (single-donor-single-acceptor) EnT rate constants predicted for each ligand length using Förster theory to observed average rate constants. For interparticle distances greater than ∼4 nm, the point dipole approximation (PDA) implementation of Förster theory agrees with experimentally measured rates. At shorter interparticle distances, the PDA drastically underestimates the observed EnT rate. The prediction of the rates of these short-distance EnT processes is improved by ∼20% by replacing the PDA with a transition density cube calculation of the interparticle Coulombic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad S Kodaimati
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Craig Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Kawanaka Y, Shimizu A, Shinada T, Tanaka R, Teki Y. Using Stable Radicals To Protect Pentacene Derivatives from Photodegradation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6643-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Kawanaka Y, Shimizu A, Shinada T, Tanaka R, Teki Y. Using Stable Radicals To Protect Pentacene Derivatives from Photodegradation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kistler KA, Spano FC, Matsika S. A Benchmark of Excitonic Couplings Derived from Atomic Transition Charges. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2032-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310603z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A. Kistler
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122,
United States
| | - Francis C. Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122,
United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122,
United States
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Jang S, Cheng YC. Resonance energy flow dynamics of coherently delocalized excitons in biological and macromolecular systems: Recent theoretical advances and open issues. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Yang L, Devi M, Jang S. Polaronic quantum master equation theory of inelastic and coherent resonance energy transfer for soft systems. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:024101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4732309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Parkhill JA, Tempel DG, Aspuru-Guzik A. Exciton coherence lifetimes from electronic structure. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:104510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3689858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Biggs JD, Cina JA. Studies of impulsive vibrational influence on ultrafast electronic excitation transfer. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1683-93. [PMID: 22236325 DOI: 10.1021/jp2094609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated electronic energy-transfer dynamics in three model dimers within which coherent intramonomer nuclear motion had been induced by impulsive Raman excitation using an optimized, electronically preresonant control pulse. Calculations of the donor-survival probability, the ultrafast pump-probe signal, and the pump-probe difference signal are presented for dithia-anthracenophane and homodimers of 2-difluoromethylanthracene and 2-trifluoromethylanthracene. Survival probabilities and signals, along with phase-space analyses, elucidated the mechanisms, extent, and spectroscopic manifestations of external vibrational or torsional control over electronic excitation transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Biggs
- Department of Chemistry and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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McCutcheon DPS, Nazir A. Consistent treatment of coherent and incoherent energy transfer dynamics using a variational master equation. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:114501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3636081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Jang S. Theory of multichromophoric coherent resonance energy transfer: A polaronic quantum master equation approach. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:034105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3608914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Pfister J, Schon C, Roth W, Kaiser C, Lambert C, Gruss K, Braunschweig H, Fischer I, Fink RF, Engels B. Paracyclophanes as Model Compounds for Strongly Interacting π-Systems, Part 3: Influence of the Substitution Pattern on Photoabsorption Properties. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3583-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200823q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pfister
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christof Schon
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Conrad Kaiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Gruss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold F. Fink
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Quarti C, Fazzi D, Del Zoppo M. A computational investigation on singlet and triplet exciton couplings in acene molecular crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18615-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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