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Harpak N, Davidi G, Granot E, Patolsky F. Diversely Doped Uniform Silicon Nanotube Axial Heterostructures Enabled by "Dopant Reflection". LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1247-1254. [PMID: 33417463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a novel method for the synthesis of extremely uniform, diversely doped silicon nanotube heterostructures. The method, comprising a simple two-step synthesis, exploits the use of a Ge nanowire sacrificial core upon which a multidoping axial pattern can be easily obtained, that is enclosed in an intrinsic Si shell. The Ge-Si core-shell structure is then heated to 750 °C, allowing the migration of dopant elements from the Ge core directly into the Si shell. Removal of the Ge core, via either wet or dry etch, does not impair the crystallinity of the Si shell nor its electrical characteristics, allowing for the formation of a multidoped axially patterned, conformal, and uniform Si nanotube. The precise dopant patterning allows for the extension of Si nanotube applications, which were unattainable because of the inability to precisely control the parameters and uniformity of the nanotubes while doping the structure simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Harpak
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Guy Davidi
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eran Granot
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Fernando Patolsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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2
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Silicon Nanotubes Fabricated by Wet Chemical Etching of ZnO/Si Core-Shell Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122535. [PMID: 33348576 PMCID: PMC7766567 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) have garnered a great deal of interest for both their synthesis and their potential for application to high-capacity energy storage, biosensors, and selective transport. In this study, we report a convenient and low-cost route to the fabrication of vertically aligned SiNTs via a wet-etching process that enables the control of the wall thickness of SiNTs by varying the gas flux and growth temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization showed the resultant SiNTs to have an amorphous nature and a hexagonal hollow core. These SiNTs can be crystallized by thermal annealing.
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Weng W, Yang J, Zhou J, Gu D, Xiao W. Template-Free Electrochemical Formation of Silicon Nanotubes from Silica. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001492. [PMID: 32995133 PMCID: PMC7507395 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Silicon, with its elaborate microstructure, plays important roles in energy materials. In operando engineering of microstructure during extraction is an ideal protocol to develop advanced Si-based materials. A template-free electrochemical preparation of silicon nanotubes (Si-NT) is herein achieved by co-electrolysis of SiO2 and AgCl in molten NaCl-CaCl2 at 850 °C. The in situ electrodeposited Ag facilitates the generation of a liquid Ag-Si intermediate, triggering a liquid-solid mechanism to direct the growth of Si-NT. An automatic separation of Ag from Si then occurs in the following cooling process, resulting in Ag deposits on the Ni current collector and recycling of Ag. Such a facile and smart preparation of Si-NT from affordable silica guarantees an enhanced current efficiency of 74%, a decreased energy consumption of 12.1 kW h kgSi -1, and enhanced lithium-storage capability of the electrolytic Si-NT. An in situ coating of Ag over the Si-NT can also be fulfilled by simply introducing soluble AgCl in the melts. The present study provides a template-free preparation and an in situ surface modification of Si-NT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Weng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesHubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
- School of Resource and Environmental SciencesHubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Yang
- School of Resource and Environmental SciencesHubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The Institute of Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Dong Gu
- The Institute of Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesHubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
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Chen C, Suryanto BHR, Zhao C, Jiang X, Yu A. Direct Hydrothermal Synthesis of Carbonaceous Silver Nanocables for Electrocatalytic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3557-3567. [PMID: 25808560 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a facile but efficient hydrothermal method for the direct synthesis of both carbonaceous silver (Ag@C core-shell) nanocables and carbonaceous nanotubes under mild conditions (<180 °C). The carbonaceous tubes can be formed by removal of the silver cores via an etching process under temperature control (60-140 °C). The structure and composition are characterized using various advanced microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The pertinent variables such as temperature, reaction time, and surfactants that can affect the formation and growth of the nanocables and nanotubes are investigated and optimized. It is found that cetyltrimethylammonium bromide plays multiple roles in the formation of Ag@C nanocables and carbonaceous nanotubes including: a shape controller for metallic Ag wires and Ag@C cables, a source of Br(-) ions to form insoluble AgBr and then Ag crystals, an etching agent of silver cores to form carbonaceous tubes, and an inducer to refill silver particles into the carbonaceous tubes to form core-shell structures. The formation mechanism of carbonaceous silver nanostructures depending upon temperature is also discussed. Finally, the electrocatalytic performance of the as-prepared Ag@C nanocables is assessed for the oxidation reduction reaction and found to be very active but much less costly than the commonly used platinum catalysts. The findings should be useful for designing and constructing carbonaceous-metal nanostructures with potential applications in conductive materials, catalysts, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xuchuan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Aibing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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5
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Peretz-Soroka H, Pevzner A, Davidi G, Naddaka V, Kwiat M, Huppert D, Patolsky F. Manipulating and Monitoring On-Surface Biological Reactions by Light-Triggered Local pH Alterations. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4758-4768. [PMID: 26086686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Significant research efforts have been dedicated to the integration of biological species with electronic elements to yield smart bioelectronic devices. The integration of DNA, proteins, and whole living cells and tissues with electronic devices has been developed into numerous intriguing applications. In particular, the quantitative detection of biological species and monitoring of biological processes are both critical to numerous areas of medical and life sciences. Nevertheless, most current approaches merely focus on the "monitoring" of chemical processes taking place on the sensing surfaces, and little efforts have been invested in the conception of sensitive devices that can simultaneously "control" and "monitor" chemical and biological reactions by the application of on-surface reversible stimuli. Here, we demonstrate the light-controlled fine modulation of surface pH by the use of photoactive molecularly modified nanomaterials. Through the use of nanowire-based FET devices, we showed the capability of modulating the on-surface pH, by intensity-controlled light stimulus. This allowed us simultaneously and locally to control and monitor pH-sensitive biological reactions on the nanodevices surfaces, such as the local activation and inhibition of proteolytic enzymatic processes, as well as dissociation of antigen-antibody binding interactions. The demonstrated capability of locally modulating the on-surface effective pH, by a light stimuli, may be further applied in the local control of on-surface DNA hybridization/dehybridization processes, activation or inhibition of living cells processes, local switching of cellular function, local photoactivation of neuronal networks with single cell resolution and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- †School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- †School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Guy Davidi
- †School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Vladimir Naddaka
- †School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Moria Kwiat
- †School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Huppert
- †School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Fernando Patolsky
- †School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- ‡The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Kwon S, Chen ZCY, Noh H, Lee JH, Liu H, Cha JN, Xiang J. Selective functionalization and loading of biomolecules in crystalline silicon nanotube field-effect-transistors. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7847-7852. [PMID: 24926535 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01508h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline silicon nanotubes (Si NTs) provide distinctive advantages as electrical and biochemical analysis scaffolds through their unique morphology and electrical tunability compared to solid nanowires or amorphous/non-conductive nanotubes. Such potential is investigated in this report. Gate-dependent four-probe current-voltage analysis reveals electrical properties such as resistivity to differ by nearly 3 orders of magnitude between crystalline and amorphous Si NTs. Analysis of transistor transfer characteristics yields a field effect mobility of 40.0 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) in crystalline Si NTs. The hollow morphology also allows selective inner/outer surface functionalization and loading capability either as a carrier for molecular targets or as a nanofluidic channel for biomolecular assays. We present for the first time a demonstration of internalization of fluorescent dyes (rhodamine) and biomolecules (BSA) in Si NTs as long as 22 μm in length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonshin Kwon
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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7
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Peled A, Pevzner A, Peretz Soroka H, Patolsky F. Morphological and chemical stability of silicon nanostructures and their molecular overlayers under physiological conditions: towards long-term implantable nanoelectronic biosensors. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:7. [PMID: 24606762 PMCID: PMC3975481 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The detection of biological and chemical species is of key importance to numerous areas of medical and life sciences. Therefore, a great interest exists in developing new, rapid, miniature, biocompatible and highly sensitive sensors, capable to operate under physiological conditions and displaying long-term stabilities (e.g. in-body implantable sensors). Silicon nanostructures, nanowires and nanotubes, have been extensively explored as building blocks for the creation of improved electrical biosensing devices, by virtue of their remarkably high surface-to-volume ratios, and have shown exceptional sensitivity for the real time label-free detection of molecular species adsorbed on their surfaces, down to the sensitivity of single molecules. Yet, till this date, almost no rigorous studies have been performed on the temporal morphological stability of these nanostructures, and their resulting electrical devices, under physiological conditions (e.g. serum, blood), as well as on the chemical stability of the molecular recognition over-layers covering these structures. Results Here, we present systematic time-resolved results on the morphological stability of bare Si nanowire building blocks, as well on the chemical stability of siloxane-based molecular over-layers, under physiological conditions. Furthermore, in order to overcome the observed short-term morpho-chemical instabilities, we present on the chemical passivation of the Si nanostructures by thin metal oxide nanoshells, in the range of 3–10 nm. The thickness of the metal oxide layer influences on the resulting electrical sensitivity of the fabricated FETs (field effect transistors), with an optimum thickness of 3–4 nm. Conclusions The core-shell structures display remarkable long-term morphological stability, preventing both, the chemical hydrolytic dissolution of the silicon under-structure and the concomitant loss of the siloxane-based chemical over-layers, for periods of at least several months. Electrical devices constructed from these nanostructures display excellent electrical characteristics and detection sensitivities, with exceptionally high morphological and functional stabilities. These results pave the road for the creation of long-term implantable biosensing devices in general, and nanodevices in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando Patolsky
- School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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8
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Wei W, Jacob T. Many-body effects in semiconducting single-wall silicon nanotubes. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:19-25. [PMID: 24455458 PMCID: PMC3896257 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of semiconducting silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) are studied by means of the many-body Green's function method, i.e., GW approximation and Bethe-Salpeter equation. In these studied structures, i.e., (4,4), (6,6) and (10,0) SiNTs, self-energy effects are enhanced giving rise to large quasi-particle (QP) band gaps due to the confinement effect. The strong electron-electron (e-e) correlations broaden the band gaps of the studied SiNTs from 0.65, 0.28 and 0.05 eV at DFT level to 1.9, 1.22 and 0.79 eV at GW level. The Coulomb electron-hole (e-h) interactions significantly modify optical absorption properties obtained at noninteracting-particle level with the formation of bound excitons with considerable binding energies (of the order of 1 eV) assigned: the binding energies of the armchair (4,4), (6,6) and zigzag (10,0) SiNTs are 0.92, 1.1 and 0.6 eV, respectively. Results in this work are useful for understanding the physics and applications in silicon-based nanoscale device components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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9
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Ahmed S, Mondal JH, Behera N, Das D. Self-assembly of peptide-amphiphile forming helical nanofibers and in situ template synthesis of uniform mesoporous single wall silica nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14274-14283. [PMID: 24128085 DOI: 10.1021/la4024986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A lysine based peptide amphiphile (PA) is designed and synthesized for efficient water immobilization. The PA with a minimum gelation concentration (MGC) of 1% w/v in water shows prolonged stability and can also efficiently immobilize aqueous mixtures of some other organic solvents. The presence of a free amine induced pH dependency of the gelation as the PA could form hydrogel at a pH range of 1-8 but failed to do so above that pH. Various spectroscopic and microscopic experiments such as steady state fluorescence, NMR, IR, CD, and FESEM reveal the presence of hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond, and π-π stacking interaction in the self-assembly process. The self-aggregation has been correlated with the design of the molecule to show the involvement of supramolecular forces and the hierarchical pathway. While the L analogue formed left-handed helical nanofibers, the other enantiomer showed opposite helicity. Interestingly the equimolar mixture of the isomers failed to form any fibrous aggregate. Although fibers formed at a subgel concentration, no helical nature was observed at this stage. The length and thickness of the fibers increased with increase in the gelator concentration. The nanofibers formed by the gelator are used as a template to prepare mesoporous single wall silica nanotubes (SWSNTs) in situ in plain water without the requirement of any organic solvent as well as any external hydrolyzing agent. The SWSNTs formed are open at both ends, are few micrometers in length, and have an average diameter of ~10 nm. The BET isotherm showed a type IV hysteresis loop suggesting mesoporous nature of the nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahnawaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , North Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
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10
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Peretz-Soroka H, Pevzner A, Davidi G, Naddaka V, Tirosh R, Flaxer E, Patolsky F. Optically-gated self-calibrating nanosensors: monitoring pH and metabolic activity of living cells. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:3157-3168. [PMID: 23772673 DOI: 10.1021/nl401169k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative detection of biological and chemical species is critical to numerous areas of medical and life sciences. In this context, information regarding pH is of central importance in multiple areas, from chemical analysis, through biomedical basic studies and medicine, to industry. Therefore, a continuous interest exists in developing new, rapid, miniature, biocompatible and highly sensitive pH sensors for minute fluid volumes. Here, we present a new paradigm in the development of optoelectrical sensing nanodevices with built-in self-calibrating capabilities. The proposed electrical devices, modified with a photoactive switchable molecular recognition layer, can be optically switched between two chemically different states, each having different chemical binding constants and as a consequence affecting the device surface potential at different extents, thus allowing the ratiometric internal calibration of the sensing event. At each point in time, the ratio of the electrical signals measured in the ground and excited states, respectively, allows for the absolute concentration measurement of the molecular species under interest, without the need for electrical calibration of individual devices. Furthermore, we applied these devices for the real-time monitoring of cellular metabolic activity, extra- and intracellularly, as a potential future tool for the performance of basic cell biology studies and high-throughput personalized medicine-oriented research, involving single cells and tissues. This new concept can be readily expanded to the sensing of additional chemical and biological species by the use of additional photoactive switchable receptors. Moreover, this newly demonstrated coupling between surface-confined photoactive molecular species and nanosensing devices could be utilized in the near future in the development of devices of higher complexity for both the simultaneous control and monitoring of chemical and biological processes with nanoscale resolution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and ‡The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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11
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Taghinejad M, Taghinejad H, Abdolahad M, Mohajerzadeh S. A nickel-gold bilayer catalyst engineering technique for self-assembled growth of highly ordered silicon nanotubes (SiNT). NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:889-897. [PMID: 23394626 DOI: 10.1021/nl303558f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth of vertically aligned high-crystallinity silicon nanotube (SiNT) arrays on silicon substrate by means of a Ni-Au bilayer catalyst engineering technique. Nanotubes were synthesized through solid-liquid-solid method as well as vapor-liquid-solid. A precise evaluation utilizing atomic force microscopy and lateral force microscopy describes that the gold profile in Ni regions leads to the construction of multiwall SiNTs. The agreement of the structural geometry and stiffness of the obtained SiNTs with previous theoretical predictions suggest sp(3) hybridization as the mechanism of tube formation. Apart from scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy techniques, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) has been conducted to investigate the formation of nanostructures. PL spectroscopy confirms the evolution of ultrafine walls of the silicon nanotubes, responsible for the observed photoemission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taghinejad
- Nanoelectroinc Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Yang H, Li M, Fu L, Tang A, Mann S. Controlled assembly of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles on silica/polymer nanotubes: insights into the nature of hybrid interfaces. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1336. [PMID: 23434879 PMCID: PMC3580322 DOI: 10.1038/srep01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica nanotubes can serve as high aspect ratio templates for the deposition of inorganic nanoparticles to form novel hybrids. However, the nature of the interfacial binding is still an unresolved challenge when considered at the atomic level. In this work, novel nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated by the controlled nucleation and assembly of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles on the surface of mercaptopropyl-functionalized silica/polymer hybrid nanotubes (HNTs). The Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles were strongly attached to the HNTs surface by interactions between the pendent thiol groups and inorganic sulfur atoms. Detailed analysis of the geometric and electronic structure using first-principle density functional theory demonstrates charge transfer from the nanoparticles to the underlying HNTs at the Sb₂S₃/HNTs interfaces. Formation of a packed array of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles on the HNTs results in mixing of the electronic states of the components, and is mediated by the mercaptopropyl bridges between Sb₂S₃ and the outer layer of the HNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Yang
- Department of Inorganic Materials, School of Resources Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Mei Li
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Liangjie Fu
- Department of Inorganic Materials, School of Resources Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Aidong Tang
- Department of Inorganic Materials, School of Resources Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Stephen Mann
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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13
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Zhang Y, Fu L, Yang H. Insights into the physicochemical aspects from natural halloysite to silica nanotubes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Elnathan R, Kwiat M, Pevzner A, Engel Y, Burstein L, Khatchtourints A, Lichtenstein A, Kantaev R, Patolsky F. Biorecognition layer engineering: overcoming screening limitations of nanowire-based FET devices. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:5245-54. [PMID: 22963381 DOI: 10.1021/nl302434w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection of biological species is of great importance to numerous areas of medical and life sciences from the diagnosis of diseases to the discovery of new drugs. Essential to the detection mechanism is the transduction of a signal associated with the specific recognition of biomolecules of interest. Nanowire-based electrical devices have been demonstrated as a powerful sensing platform for the highly sensitive detection of a wide-range of biological and chemical species. Yet, detecting biomolecules in complex biosamples of high ionic strength (>100 mM) is severely hampered by ionic screening effects. As a consequence, most of existing nanowire sensors operate under low ionic strength conditions, requiring ex situ biosample manipulation steps, that is, desalting processes. Here, we demonstrate an effective approach for the direct detection of biomolecules in untreated serum, based on the fragmentation of antibody-capturing units. Size-reduced antibody fragments permit the biorecognition event to occur in closer proximity to the nanowire surface, falling within the charge-sensitive Debye screening length. Furthermore, we explored the effect of antibody surface coverage on the resulting detection sensitivity limit under the high ionic strength conditions tested and found that lower antibody surface densities, in contrary to high antibody surface coverage, leads to devices of greater sensitivities. Thus, the direct and sensitive detection of proteins in untreated serum and blood samples was effectively performed down to the sub-pM concentration range without the requirement of biosamples manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roey Elnathan
- School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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15
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Castrucci P, Diociaiuti M, Tank CM, Casciardi S, Tombolini F, Scarselli M, De Crescenzi M, Mathe VL, Bhoraskar SV. Si nanotubes and nanospheres with two-dimensional polycrystalline walls. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:5195-5201. [PMID: 22782182 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the characteristics of a new class of Si-based nanotubes and spherical nanoparticles synthesized by the dc-arc plasma method in a mixture of argon and hydrogen. These two nanostructures share common properties: they are hollow and possess very thin, highly polycrystalline and mainly oxidized walls. In particular, we get several hints indicating that their walls could constitute only one single Si oxidized layer. Moreover, we find that only the less oxidized nanotubes exhibit locally atomic ordered, snakeskin-like areas which possess a hexagonal arrangement which can be interpreted either as an sp(2) or sp(3) hybridized Si or Si-H layer. Their ability to not react with oxygen seems to suggest the presence of sp(2) configuration or the formation of silicon-hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Castrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Roma Tor Vergata and Unità CNISM, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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16
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Gao R, Strehle S, Tian B, Cohen-Karni T, Xie P, Duan X, Qing Q, Lieber CM. Outside looking in: nanotube transistor intracellular sensors. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:3329-33. [PMID: 22583370 PMCID: PMC3374901 DOI: 10.1021/nl301623p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire-based field-effect transistors, including devices with planar and three-dimensional configurations, are being actively explored as detectors for extra- and intracellular recording due to their small size and high sensitivities. Here we report the synthesis, fabrication, and characterization of a new needle-shaped nanoprobe based on an active silicon nanotube transistor, ANTT, that enables high-resolution intracellular recording. In the ANTT probe, the source/drain contacts to the silicon nanotube are fabricated on one end, passivated from external solution, and then time-dependent changes in potential can be recorded from the opposite nanotube end via the solution filling the tube. Measurements of conductance versus water-gate potential in aqueous solution show that the ANTT probe is selectively gated by potential changes within the nanotube, thus demonstrating the basic operating principle of the ANTT device. Studies interfacing the ANTT probe with spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes yielded stable intracellular action potentials similar to those reported by other electrophysiological techniques. In addition, the straightforward fabrication of ANTT devices was exploited to prepare multiple ANTT structures at the end of single probes, which enabled multiplexed recording of intracellular action potentials from single cells and multiplexed arrays of single ANTT device probes. These studies open up unique opportunities for multisite recordings from individual cells through cellular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Steffen Strehle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Quan Qing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Wei G, Gao F, Zheng J, Wang M, Han W, Yang W. Unconventional vapor–liquid–solid growth of SiO2 nanooctopuses. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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