1
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Gupta R, Paul K. A fluorescent "Turn-ON" probe with rapid and differential response to HSA and BSA: quantitative detection of HSA in urine. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:9037-9049. [PMID: 39158475 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The present study provides insight into the differential response of a benzimidazole-malononitrile fluorescent "Turn-ON" probe on interaction with two structurally similar proteins, BSA and HSA. Compound 6 shows more sensitivity towards the two SAs, which is completely lost in the case of compound 7, synthesized by substitution on 6. The aggregates of compound 6 show absorption maxima at 385 nm and weak emission maxima at 565 nm. Compound 6 forms a new emission band at 475 nm on gradual addition of BSA (200 μM) along with a slight increase in the emission band at 565 nm. However, on addition of HSA (50 μM), a new band at 475 nm is formed. In contrast to BSA, in the case of HSA, 50% quenching is observed in the emission band of compound 6 at 565 nm. The new band formed on the interaction of 6 with BSA shows four-fold more enhancement compared to HSA. Furthermore, the mechanism of interaction of 6 with serum albumin has been investigated through lifetime-fluorescence analysis, site-selective drug experiments, dynamic light scattering, FE-SEM, FT-IR, etc. Molecular docking studies and site marker drug displacement experiments reveal differential interactions of 6 towards the two structurally similar proteins. Aggregates of 6 with an average hydrodynamic size of 100-190 nm are disassembled on adding BSA and HSA, and the size of the serum albumin and 6 complex decreases to 10-20 nm, revealing the ligand's encapsulation in the serum albumin cavity. Practical applicability for the quantitative detection of HSA in human urine samples is also demonstrated. The high binding affinity, sensitivity, selectivity and differential response of probe 6 towards two serum albumins (HSA and BSA) and significant quantification of HSA in urine samples shows the potential ability of this probe in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147001, India.
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147001, India.
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2
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Joby P, Ramasamy R, Solomon RV, Wilson P. Molecular engineering of BODIPY-bridged fluorescent probes for lysosome imaging - a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:22912-22930. [PMID: 39171363 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Lysosome imaging plays an important role in diagnosing many diseases and understanding various intracellular processes. Recently, B0 was reported as a fluorescent probe capable of detecting lysosomal viscosity changes. BODIPY is fused into the molecule as a bridge between the acceptor and donor components of B0, yielding nine new B molecules. Computational design and analysis of their optoelectronic properties were conducted to evaluate their effectiveness as fluorescent probes for lysosome imaging, with a specific target of HSA inside lysosomes. Optimized geometries reveal excellent π electron delocalization, resulting in nearly planar molecular structures. Frontier molecular orbital analysis suggests intramolecular charge transfer, along with π-π* transitions, from donor to bridge. TD-DFT calculations were performed to study absorption properties in the solvent phase, with B3PW91 showing good agreement with experiments. Molecular docking studies indicate that B derivatives can bind with HSA, and molecular dynamics simulations confirm their HSA targeting ability. This investigation highlights the introduction of BODIPY as a bridge for developing new probes capable of producing NIR fluorescence for bio-imaging, aiding in disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Joby
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to the University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 059, India.
| | - Rohith Ramasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to the University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 059, India.
| | - Rajadurai Vijay Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to the University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 059, India.
| | - Paul Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to the University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 059, India.
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3
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Paderina A, Slavova S, Tupikina E, Snetkov D, Grachova E. Aggregation Game: Changing Solid-State Emission Using Different Counterions in Monoalkynylphosphonium Pt(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39239665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Two series of heteroleptic monoalkynylphosphonium Pt(II) complexes decorated with 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (terpy, N series) and 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine (phbpy, C series) ligands, were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The complexes obtained exhibit triplet emission in solution, and the characteristics inside the series depend on the nature of the alkynylphosphonium ligand. The description of electronic transitions responsible for energy absorption and emission in discrete Pt(II) complexes was made on the basis of a detailed analysis of the results of DFT calculations, and has shown to involve MLCT, ILCT, and LLCT transitions. The complexes of both series exhibit triplet solid-state luminescence with parameters that also depend on the composition of the complexes, and the analysis of the experimental data indicates the realization of LC, MLCT, MMLCT, and MC transitions due to Pt⋯Pt metallophilic interactions and matrix rigidity. It was shown that the anion variation leads to a significant difference in the photophysical characteristics of the N complexes, which exhibit a smooth dependence of the luminescent properties on the anion size. Using quantum chemical modeling, it is demonstrated how the anion size influences the Pt⋯Pt distance in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Paderina
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Sofia Slavova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Tupikina
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Dmitry Snetkov
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Elena Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
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4
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Hattori S, Ogishima M, Nakajima T, Hosoya S, Kitagawa Y, Hasegawa Y, Nonose S, Sato T, Shinozaki K. Photodynamic Effect of Amphiphilic N ∧C ∧N-Coordinated Platinum(II) Complexes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13972-13979. [PMID: 38996005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report a photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizer of N∧C∧N-coordinated Pt(II) complexes: [Pt(L)(solv)]+ (HL = 1,3-(2-dipyridyl)benzene) and [Pt(L)]+@HSA, which is the Pt(II) complex encapsulated in human serum albumin (HSA). The quantum yield of singlet oxygen production for [Pt(L)(solv)]+ is more than 50%, while that for [Pt(L)]+@HSA is much lower. Photoimages of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with the Pt(II) complexes suggest that [Pt(L)(solv)]+ is delocalized in the entire cell after the fast uptake by diffusion and [Pt(L)]+@HSA is taken up by endocytosis and localized on organelles and the cell membrane. [Pt(L)(solv)]+ shows high photocytotoxicity for HUVECs, while [Pt(L)]+@HSA does not show photocytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hattori
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ogishima
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nakajima
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Shota Hosoya
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Hasegawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shinji Nonose
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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5
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Chan CWT, Chan K, Yam VWW. Induced Self-Assembly and Disassembly of Alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine Complexes with Charge Reversal Properties: "Proof-of-Principle" Demonstration of Ratiometric Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Sensing of pH. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:25122-25133. [PMID: 35766435 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of pH-responsive alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine (bzimpy) complexes with charge-reversal properties was synthesized, and the supramolecular assemblies between conjugated polyelectrolyte, PFP-OSO3-, and [Pt{bzimpy(TEG)2}{C≡C-C6H3-(COOH)2-3,5}]Cl (1) have been studied using UV-vis absorption, emission, and resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopy. An efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PFP-OSO3- donor to the aggregated 1 as acceptor with the aid of Pt(II)···Pt(II) interactions has been presented, which leads to a growth of triplet metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MMLCT) emission in the low-energy red region. The two-component PFP-OSO3--1 ensemble was then exploited as a "proof-of-principle" concept strategy for pH sensing by tracking the ratiometric emission changes. With the aid of judicious molecular design on the pH-driven charge-reversal property, the polyelectrolyte-induced self-assembly and the FRET from PFP-OSO3- to the platinum(II) aggregates have been modulated. Together with its excellent reversibility and photostability, the extra stability provided by the Pt(II)···Pt(II) and π-π stacking interactions on top of the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions existing in polyelectrolye-complex assemblies has led to a selective and sensitive pH sensing assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calford Wai-Ting Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kevin Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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6
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Niu H, Liu J, O'Connor HM, Gunnlaugsson T, James TD, Zhang H. Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) based fluorescent probes for cellular imaging and disease therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2322-2357. [PMID: 36811891 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical PeT-based fluorescent probes are multi-component systems where a fluorophore is connected to a recognition/activating group by an unconjugated linker. PeT-based fluorescent probes are powerful tools for cell imaging and disease diagnosis due to their low fluorescence background and significant fluorescence enhancement towards the target. This review provides research progress towards PeT-based fluorescent probes that target cell polarity, pH and biological species (reactive oxygen species, biothiols, biomacromolecules, etc.) over the last five years. In particular, we emphasise the molecular design strategies, mechanisms, and application of these probes. As such, this review aims to provide guidance and to enable researchers to develop new and improved PeT-based fluorescent probes, as well as promoting the use of PeT-based systems for sensing, imaging, and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Helen M O'Connor
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tony D James
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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7
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Chan MHY, Yam VWW. Toward the Design and Construction of Supramolecular Functional Molecular Materials Based on Metal–Metal Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22805-22825. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ho-Yeung Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Ito A, Iwamura M, Sakuda E. Excited-state dynamics of luminescent transition metal complexes with metallophilic and donor–acceptor interactions. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Shengda Qi, Zheng H, Almashriqi HS, Lv W, Zhai H. DNA-Templated Gold Nanoclusters for Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Human Serum Albumin Detection. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Tong KC, Wan PK, Lok CN, Che CM. Dynamic supramolecular self-assembly of platinum(ii) complexes perturbs an autophagy-lysosomal system and triggers cancer cell death. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15229-15238. [PMID: 34976343 PMCID: PMC8635173 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02841c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of platinum(ii) complexes to form supramolecular structures/nanostructures due to intermolecular ligand π-π stacking and metal-ligand dispersive interactions is widely used to develop functional molecular materials, but the application of such non-covalent molecular interactions has scarcely been explored in medical science. Herein is described the unprecedented biological properties of platinum(ii) complexes relevant to induction of cancer cell death via manifesting such intermolecular interactions. With conjugation of a glucose moiety to the planar platinum(ii) terpyridyl scaffold, the water-soluble complex [Pt(tpy)(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CArOGlu)](CF3SO3) (1a, tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, Glu = glucose) is able to self-assemble into about 100 nm nanoparticles in physiological medium, be taken up by lung cancer cells via energy-dependent endocytosis, and eventually transform into other superstructures distributed in endosomal/lysosomal and mitochondrial compartments apparently following cleavage of the glycosidic linkage. Accompanying the formation of platinum-containing superstructures are increased autophagic vacuole formation, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, as well as anti-tumor activity of 1a in a mouse xenograft model. These findings highlight the dynamic, multi-stage extracellular and intracellular supramolecular self-assembly of planar platinum(ii) complexes driven by modular intermolecular interactions with potential anti-cancer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Chung Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Pui-Ki Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories Hong Kong China
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11
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Hasanin M, Sharmoukh W, Hassan YR, El Saied H. Photofunctional Materials Based on Sheet Polymer Capped Organic Molecules for Visible‐Light‐Responsive Rewritable Paper. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Park J, Hwang M, Ok M, Li C, Choi H, Seo ML, Jung JH. Supramolecular polymerization of Pt(II) complex with terpyridine-based ligand possessing alanine moiety in nonpolar solvent. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Law ASY, Lee LCC, Lo KKW, Yam VWW. Aggregation and Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Low-Energy Red Luminescent Alkynylplatinum(II) Complexes for RNA Detection, Nucleolus Imaging, and RNA Synthesis Inhibitor Screening. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5396-5405. [PMID: 33813827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As an important nuclear substructure, the nucleolus has received increasing attention because of its significant functions in the transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA in eukaryotic cells. In this work, we introduce a proof-of-concept luminescence assay to detect RNA and to accomplish nucleolus imaging with the use of the supramolecular self-assembly of platinum(II) complexes. Noncovalent interactions between platinum(II) complexes and RNA can be induced by the introduction of a guanidinium group into the complexes, and accordingly, a high RNA affinity can be achieved. Interestingly, the aggregation affinities of platinum(II) complexes enable them to display remarkable luminescence turn-on upon RNA binding, which is a result of the strengthening of noncovalent Pt(II)···Pt(II) and π-π stacking interactions. The complexes exhibit not only intriguing spectroscopic changes and luminescence enhancement after RNA binding but also specific nucleolus imaging in cells. As compared to fluorescent dyes, the low-energy red luminescence and large Stokes shifts of platinum(II) complexes afford a high signal-to-background autofluorescence ratio in nucleolus imaging. Additional properties, including long phosphorescence lifetimes and low cytotoxicity, have endowed the platinum(II) complexes with the potential for biological applications. Also, platinum(II) complexes have been adopted to monitor the dynamics of the nucleolus induced by the addition of RNA synthesis inhibitors. This capability allows the screening of inhibitors and can be advantageous for the development of antineoplastic agents. This work provides a novel strategy for exploring the application of platinum(II) complex-based cell imaging agents based on the mechanism of supramolecular self-assembly. It is envisaged that platinum(II) complexes can be utilized as valuable probes because of the aforementioned appealing advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sin-Yee Law
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang ZG, Yan XJ, Liu HB, Zhang DL, Liu W, Xie CZ, Li QZ, Xu JY. A novel hydrazide Schiff base self-assembled nanoprobe for selective detection of human serum albumin and its applications in renal disease surveillance. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:8346-8355. [PMID: 32794530 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is considered as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of renal disease, therefore identifying and detecting HSA in biological fluids (especially urine) with an easy method is of great importance. Herein, we report a novel hydrazide Schiff base fluorescent probe N'-((7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide (NPC), which self-assembled into nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Based on disassembly-induced emission and the site-specific recognition mechanism, the binding of NPC with HSA resulted in a fluorescence "turn-on" response. Probe NPC exhibited superior selectivity and sensitivity toward HSA with a detection limit of 0.59 mg L-1 in PBS and 0.56 mg L-1 in the urine sample. The site-binding mechanism of NPC with HSA was explored by fluorescence quenching study, Job's plot analysis, HSA destruction, site marker displacement and molecular docking. Fluorescence imaging of HSA in MCF-7 cells was achieved by using a non-toxic NPC probe, suggesting that NPC could be applied to visualize the level of HSA in vivo. More importantly, further practical applications of probe NPC in human urine samples were achieved with satisfactory results by using a fluorometer or test paper, which could provide extensive application in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Jing Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Bo Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - De-Long Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Santan Hospital, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Xie
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China.
| | - Qing-Zhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China.
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15
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Yam VW, Law AS. Recent advances in supramolecular
self‐assembly
and biological applications of luminescent alkynylplatinum(
II
) polypyridine complexes. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Wing‐Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Angela Sin‐Yee Law
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
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16
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Jia PP, Xu L, Hu YX, Li WJ, Wang XQ, Ling QH, Shi X, Yin GQ, Li X, Sun H, Jiang Y, Yang HB. Orthogonal Self-Assembly of a Two-Step Fluorescence-Resonance Energy Transfer System with Improved Photosensitization Efficiency and Photooxidation Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:399-408. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xiong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hui Ling
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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17
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Li J, Fan YY, Wang M, Duan HL, Zhang J, Dang FQ, Zhang L, Zhang ZQ. A Light-Up Strategy with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Identification of HIV-I RNA-Binding Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13532-13538. [PMID: 32900180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence methods are important tools to identify RNA-binding small molecules and further employed to study RNA-protein interactions. Most reported fluorescence strategies are based on covalent labeling of ligand or RNA, which can impede the binding between them to some extent, or light-off fluorescent indicator displacement methods, which ask for particular indicators. Herein, a label-free fluorescence strategy based on the light-on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature of tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative to screen RNA-binding small molecules is presented. As a result of electrostatic interaction, the selected peptides can induce self-assembly of the TPE derivative to produce strong fluorescent emission; when the peptides are bound to RNA molecules, the TPE derivative is in the deaggregated form and shows no or minimum fluorescence. Based on the phenomenon, a competitive displacement assay combined with the TPE reporter was employed to characterize selected small molecules for their binding abilities to HIV-I RNAs. This AIE feature enables the fluorescence-off state of the TPE derivative in the presence of RNA-peptide complex to be "lightened up" quickly as the RNA-binding molecule is introduced and the peptide is competitively released. This strategy was carried out to test several small molecule binders, and the results are consistent with previous reports. This report gives an inspiring example of AIE-based fluorescent assay for HIV-I RNA-binding molecule screening, which may further be explored to build a drug screening platform for RNA-protein interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yao-Yao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Man Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hui-Ling Duan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Fu-Quan Dang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Inspiratio Biosciences, Inc., Fremont, California 94538, United States
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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18
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Domingo-Legarda P, Casado-Sánchez A, Marzo L, Alemán J, Cabrera S. Photocatalytic Water-Soluble Cationic Platinum(II) Complexes Bearing Quinolinate and Phosphine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13845-13857. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leyre Marzo
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Cabrera
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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19
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To WP, Wan Q, Tong GSM, Che CM. Recent Advances in Metal Triplet Emitters with d6, d8, and d10 Electronic Configurations. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Meng Z, Li G, Yiu S, Zhu N, Yu Z, Leung C, Manners I, Wong W. Nanoimprint Lithography‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Bimetallic Iron–M (M=Palladium, Platinum) Complexes for Magnetic Patterning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengong Meng
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Waterloo Road Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative Shenzhen University Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Guijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology and Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Sze‐Chun Yiu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Waterloo Road Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
- PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Nianyong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Waterloo Road Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Qiang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative Shenzhen University Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Wai‐Yeung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Waterloo Road Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
- PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
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21
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Han Y, Gao Z, Wang C, Zhong R, Wang F. Recent progress on supramolecular assembly of organoplatinum(II) complexes into long-range ordered nanostructures. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Meng Z, Li G, Yiu SC, Zhu N, Yu ZQ, Leung CW, Manners I, Wong WY. Nanoimprint Lithography-Directed Self-Assembly of Bimetallic Iron-M (M=Palladium, Platinum) Complexes for Magnetic Patterning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11521-11526. [PMID: 32243037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of d8 metal polypyridine systems is a well-established approach for the creation of 1D organometallic assemblies but there are still challenges for the large-scale construction of nanostructured patterns from these building blocks. We describe herein the use of high-throughput nanoimprint lithography (NIL) to direct the self-assembly of the bimetallic complexes [4'-ferrocenyl-(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)M(OAc)]+ (OAc)- (M=Pd or Pt; OAc=acetate). Uniform nanorods are fabricated from the molecular self-organization and evidenced by morphological characterization. More importantly, when top-down NIL is coupled with the bottom-up self-assembly of the organometallic building blocks, regular arrays of nanorods can be accessed and the patterns can be controlled by changing the lithographic stamp, where the mold imposes a confinement effect on the nanorod growth. In addition, patterns consisting of the products formed after pyrolysis are studied. The resulting arrays of ferromagnetic FeM alloy nanorods suggest promising potential for the scalable production of ordered magnetic arrays and fabrication of magnetic bit-patterned media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology and Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sze-Chun Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Nianyong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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23
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Abstract
Manipulation of non-covalent metal–metal interactions allows the fabrication of functional metallosupramolecular structures with diverse supramolecular behaviors. The majority of reported studies are mostly designed and governed by thermodynamics, with very few examples of metallosupramolecular systems exhibiting intriguing kinetics. Here we report a serendipitous finding of platinum(ii) complexes serving as non-covalent crosslinkers for the fabrication of supramolecular DNA hydrogels. Upon mixing the alkynylplatinum(ii) terpyridine complex with double-stranded DNA in aqueous solution, the platinum(ii) complex molecules are found to first stack into columnar phases by metal–metal and π–π interactions, and then the columnar phases that carry multiple positive charges crosslink the negatively charged DNA strands to form supramolecular hydrogels with luminescence properties and excellent processability. Subsequent platinum(ii) intercalation into DNA competes with the metal–metal and π–π interactions at the crosslinking points, switching on the spontaneous gel-to-sol transition. In the case of a chloro (2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine)platinum(ii) complex, with [Pt(bzimpy)Cl]+ serving as a non-covalent crosslinker where the metal–metal and π–π interactions outcompete platinum(ii) intercalation, the intercalation-driven gel-to-sol transition pathway is blocked since the gel state is energetically more favorable than the sol state. Interestingly, the ligand exchange reaction of the chloro ligand in [Pt(bzimpy)Cl]+ with glutathione (GSH) has endowed the complexes with enhanced hydrophilicity, decreasing the planarity of the complexes, and turning off the metal–metal and π–π interactions at the crosslinking points, leading to GSH-triggered hydrogel dissociation. We report a serendipitous finding of platinum(ii) complexes serving as non-covalent crosslinkers for the fabrication of supramolecular DNA hydrogels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaka Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong PR China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong PR China
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24
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Zhang K, Yeung MCL, Leung SYL, Yam VWW. Platinum(II) Probes for Sensing Polyelectrolyte Lengths and Architectures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8503-8512. [PMID: 32027479 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum(II) polypyridine complexes of a square-planar geometry have been used as spectroscopic reporters for quantification of various charged species through non-covalent metal-metal interactions. The characterization of molecular weights and architectures of polyelectrolytes represents a challenging task in polymer science. Here, we report the utilization of platinum(II) complex probes and non-covalent metal-metal interactions for sensing polyelectrolyte lengths and architectures. It is found that the platinum(II) probes can bind to linear polyelectrolytes via electrostatic attractions and give rise to significant spectroscopic changes associated with the formation of metal-metal interactions, and the extent of the spectroscopic changes is found to increase with the lengths of the linear polyelectrolytes. Besides, the platinum(II) probes have been found to co-assemble with the linear polyelectrolytes to form well-defined nanofibers, and the lengths of the linear polyelectrolytes can be directly estimated from the diameter of the nanofibers under transmission electron microscopy observation. Interestingly, upon mixing with the platinum(II) probes, polyelectrolytes with bottlebrush architectures have been found to exhibit larger spectroscopic changes than linear polyelectrolytes with the same chemical composition. Combined with the reported theoretical studies on counterion condensation of polyelectrolytes, the platinum(II) complexes are found to function as spectroscopic probes for sensing the charge densities of the polyelectrolytes with different lengths and diverse architectures. Moreover, platinum(II) probes pre-organized in nanostructured aggregates have been found to intercalate into double-stranded DNA, which are naturally occurring biological polyelectrolytes with helical architectures and intercalation sites, to give significant enhancement of spectroscopic changes when compared to the intercalation of monomeric platinum(II) probes into double-stranded DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaka Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , PR China
| | - Margaret Ching-Lam Yeung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , PR China
| | - Sammual Yu-Lut Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , PR China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , PR China
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25
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Mathew M, Aravindakumar CT, Aravind UK. Unravelling the fibrillation mechanism of ovalbumin in the presence of mercury at its isoelectric pH. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16415-16421. [PMID: 35498851 PMCID: PMC9052921 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10655c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The intriguing resemblances of amyloid fibrils and spider silk in protein aggregation diseases have instigated the exploration of identical structural features if any in their oligomeric pathways. The serpin group protein, ovalbumin, on defolding in HgCl2 shares commonness to the micellar pathway of spidroins for their aggregation in response to a pH trigger. The structural feature changes from monomer to worm like fibril with a shift in the primary protein pH to slightly acidic pH (4.5), and then proceeds through a secondary nucleation pathway to ‘hillock’ and ‘hydra’ like protofibrils rich in β-sheet and random coil conformers upon exposure to mercury. The findings are backed by atomic force microscopy, confocal Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence measurements. Unlocking such structural features can favorably assist in the design of therapeutics. Mercuric chloride triggered ovalbumin aggregation pathway and its resemblance to Nephila clavipes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjumol Mathew
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam-686 560
- India
| | - Charuvila T. Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam-686 560
- India
| | - Usha K. Aravind
- School of Environmental Studies
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi-682022
- India
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26
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Gabr MT, Pigge FC. Expanding the Toolbox for Label-Free Enzyme Assays: A Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complex/DNA Ensemble with Switchable Near-IR Emission. Molecules 2019; 24:E4390. [PMID: 31805648 PMCID: PMC6930566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Switchable luminescent bioprobes whose emission can be turned on as a function of specific enzymatic activity are emerging as important tools in chemical biology. We report a promising platform for the development of label-free and continuous enzymatic assays in high-throughput mode based on the reversible solvent-induced self-assembly of a neutral dinuclear Pt(II) complex. To demonstrate the utility of this strategy, the switchable luminescence of a dinuclear Pt(II) complex was utilized in developing an experimentally simple, fast (10 min), low cost, and label-free turn-on luminescence assay for the endonuclease enzyme DNAse I. The complex displays a near-IR (NIR) aggregation-induced emission at 785 nm in aqueous solution that is completely quenched upon binding to G-quadruplex DNA from the human c-myc oncogene. Luminescence is restored upon DNA degradation elicited by exposure to DNAse I. Correlation between near-IR luminescence intensity and DNAse I concentration in human serum samples allows for fast and label-free detection of DNAse I down to 0.002 U/mL. The Pt(II) complex/DNA assembly is also effective for identification of DNAse I inhibitors, and assays can be performed in multiwell plates compatible with high-throughput screening. The combination of sensitivity, speed, convenience, and cost render this method superior to all other reported luminescence-based DNAse I assays. The versatile response of the Pt(II) complex to DNA structures promises broad potential applications in developing real-time and label-free assays for other nucleases as well as enzymes that regulate DNA topology.
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27
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Law ASY, Lee LCC, Yeung MCL, Lo KKW, Yam VWW. Amyloid Protein-Induced Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Water-Soluble Platinum(II) Complexes: A Luminescence Assay for Amyloid Fibrillation Detection and Inhibitor Screening. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18570-18577. [PMID: 31709796 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrillation has been acknowledged as a hallmark of a number of neurodegenerative ailments such as Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, efficient detection of amyloid fibrillation will allow for great advances in the field of biomedical applications as well as in achieving early medical diagnosis. In this work, a luminescence assay for the sensitive and specific detection of amyloid fibrillation was developed by using platinum(II) complexes as sensing platforms. Supramolecular self-assembly of platinum(II) complexes was induced upon addition of amyloid, leading to alterations in the spectroscopic and luminescence properties of the complexes. As compared to fluorescent dyes, luminescent platinum(II) complexes exhibit attractive large Stokes shifts, phosphorescence lifetimes in the microsecond to submicrosecond regime, and low-energy red emission after aggregation, which are advantageous to biological imaging. At the same time, the platinum(II) complex adopted herein was found to have high photostability, high selectivity and specificity, and low cytotoxicity. The proposed design is the very first approach to detect amyloid fibrillation through the supramolecular self-assembly of luminescent platinum(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sin-Yee Law
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Margaret Ching-Lam Yeung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
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28
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29
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Chan CWT, Cheng HK, Hau FKW, Chan AKW, Yam VWW. Protamine-Induced Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Red-Emissive Alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine Complex for Selective Label-Free Sensing of Heparin and Real-Time Monitoring of Trypsin Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31585-31593. [PMID: 31436404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A label-free detection assay is developed based on the design and synthesis of a new anionic alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine complex with water-soluble pendants. With the aid of electrostatic interaction and noncovalent metal-metal and π-π stacking interactions, protamine is shown to induce supramolecular self-assembly of platinum(II) complexes with drastic UV-vis absorption and red emission changes. On the basis of the strong binding affinity of protamine and heparin, the ensemble has been further employed to probe heparin by monitoring the spectroscopic changes. Other than heparin, this ensemble can also detect the activity of trypsin, which can hydrolyze protamine into fragments, leading to the deaggregation of platinum(II) complexes. By modulation of the self-assembly properties of platinum(II) complexes via real-time UV-vis absorption and emission studies, the reported assay has been demonstrated to be a sensitive and selective detection method for trypsin, as well as trypsin inhibitor screening, which is essential for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calford Wai-Ting Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Heung-Kiu Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Franky Ka-Wah Hau
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Alan Kwun-Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
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30
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Berberine derivatives as heteroatom induced hydrophobic sensor: An analytical approach for the selective and sensitive fluorometric detection and discrimination of serum albumins. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1065:124-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Po C, Tao CH, Li KF, Chan CKM, Fu HLK, Cheah KW, Yam VWW. Design, luminescence and non-linear optical properties of truxene-containing alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Sin-Yee Law A, Yeung MCL, Yam VWW. A Luminescence Turn-On Assay for Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Inhibitor Screening Based on Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Alkynylplatinum(II) Complexes on Coordination Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4799-4808. [PMID: 30694047 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new approach toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) detection has been demonstrated based on the electrostatic interactions between anionic alkynylplatinum(II) complex molecules and cationic coordination polymer, together with the spectroscopic and emission characteristics of alkynylplatinum(II) complexes upon supramolecular self-assembly. This process involves strengthening of distinct noncovalent Pt(II)···Pt(II) and π-π stacking interactions, which is evidenced by UV-vis absorption, emission, and resonance light scattering results. Such a method has been applied to AChE inhibitor screening, which is important as the demand for AChE inhibitor assays arises along with the drug development for Alzheimer's disease. It affords an emission turn-on response and operates in a continuous and label-free fashion. The low-energy red emission and large Stokes shift of alkynylplatinum(II) complexes are advantageous to biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sin-Yee Law
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Margaret Ching-Lam Yeung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
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33
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Chen J, Ao L, Wei C, Wang C, Wang F. Self-assembly of platinum(ii) 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine complexes with solvato- and iono-chromic phenomena. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 55:229-232. [PMID: 30525175 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06770h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and di-nuclear organoplatinum(ii) monomers with cyclometalated 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine ligands have been successfully constructed. These systems are capable of displaying intriguing solvato- and iono-chromic phenomena by elaborately manipulating non-covalent PtPt metal-metal and π-π stacking interactions for their self-assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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Zheng Z, Li H, Sun S, Xu Y. Media Dependent Switching of Selectivity and Continuous near Infrared Turn-on Fluorescence Response through Cascade Interactions from Noncovalent to Covalent Binding for Detection of Serum Albumin in Living Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44336-44343. [PMID: 30514088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal level of proteins is proved to be associated with diseases. Thus, protein sensing is helpful for clinical diagnosis and therapy. However, there is a great variety of protein species and relatively low concentration of each protein in complicated biological systems including other nonprotein biomolecules. Therefore, it remains challenging to develop an effective method for detecting protein with high selectivity and sensitivity. Herein, a new self-assembly method based on a robust dye SQSS of which two squaraine molecules were conjugated through disulfide bond was developed for highly selective and sensitive detection of serum albumin (SA) in aqueous solution and live cells. SQSS can self-assemble into "compact" aggregates, offering "inert" disulfide group and very low background fluorescence through the combination of aggregation quenching and homogeneous fluorescence resonance energy transfer (homoFRET) quenching. The response of SQSS to SA undergoes two cascade stages. At the first stage, SA drives the compact assemblies of SQSS to form loose ones with fast speed (30 s) through noncovalent interaction, resulting in the enhancement of fluorescence to some extent. In this loose assembly state, the disulfide bond in SQSS is reactive. At the second stage, the Cys34 in SA slowly induced further disassembly through covalent binding with reactive disulfide bond, resulting in fluorescence further increasing and SQSS labeling to SA that cannot be displaced by site binding ligands of SA. The self-assemblies of SQSS can selectively detect SA with continuous near-infrared (NIR) turn-on fluorescence response in 100% aqueous buffer solution. In addition, SQSS showed the potential application of imaging SA in living cells. On the other hand, the loose assembly state of SQSS was also achieved in aqueous solution with 20% CH3CN. In this media, thiol-containing glutathione (GSH) caused the disassembly of SQSS with turn-on fluorescence response through interaction with disulfide bond. SQSS can selectively recognize GSH over other amino acids even in the presence of other sulfhydryl amino acids. As a proof-of-concept method, the molecular self-assembly through multisteps interactions would provide an ideal strategy for detection and live-cell imaging of biorelated molecules with high selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , P.R. China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , P.R. China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , P.R. China
| | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , P.R. China
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35
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Chan AKW, Yam VWW. Precise Modulation of Molecular Building Blocks from Tweezers to Rectangles for Recognition and Stimuli-Responsive Processes. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:3041-3051. [PMID: 30427166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine complexes have been increasingly explored since the previous decades, mainly arising from their intriguing photophysical properties and aggregation affinities associated with their extensive Pt(II)···Pt(II) and π-π stacking interactions. Through molecular engineering, one can modulate their fundamental properties and assembly behavior by introduction of various functional groups and structural features. They can therefore serve as ideal candidates to construct metal complex-based molecular architectures to provide an alternative to organic compounds. The metal-based framework can be simultaneously built from predetermined building blocks, giving rise to their well-defined, unique, and discrete natures for molecular recognition. The individual constituents can contribute to molecular architectures with their integrated properties, allowing the manipulation of the various noncovalent intermolecular forces and interactions for selective guest capture. In this Account, our recent progress in the development of these metallomolecular frameworks based on the alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine system and their recognition properties toward different guest molecules will be presented. Phosphorescent molecular tweezers have been constructed from the alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine moiety to demonstrate host-guest interactions with cationic, charge-neutral and anionic platinum(II), palladium(II), gold(I), and gold(III) complexes and their binding affinities were found to be perturbed by different metal···metal, π-π and electrostatic interactions. The host-guest assembly process has also resulted in dramatic color changes, together with the turning on of near-IR (NIR) emissions as a result of extensive Pt(II)···Pt(II) interactions. Further work has also been performed to demonstrate that the tweezers can selectively recognize π-surfaces of different planar π-conjugated organic guests. The framework of molecular tweezers has been extended to a double-decker tweezers structure, or a triple-decker structure, which can bind two equivalents of square-planar platinum(II) guests cooperatively to induce a significant color change in solution, representing rare examples of discrete Magnus' green-like salts. By the approaches of structural modifications, we have further modulated the host architecture from molecular tweezers to molecular rectangles. The rectangles have been found to show selective encapsulation of different transition metal complex guests based on the size and steric environment of the host cavity. The molecular rectangles also exhibit reversible host-guest association, in which guest capture and ejection processes can be manipulated by the pH environment, illustrating a potential approach for precise and smart delivery of therapeutic reagents to the slightly more acidic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kwun-Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Wong YS, Leung FCM, Ng M, Cheng HK, Yam VWW. Platinum(II)-Based Supramolecular Scaffold-Templated Side-by-Side Assembly of Gold Nanorods through Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt and π-π Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15797-15801. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yip-Sang Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Frankie Chi-Ming Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Heung-Kiu Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
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37
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Wong YS, Leung FCM, Ng M, Cheng HK, Yam VWW. Platinum(II)-Based Supramolecular Scaffold-Templated Side-by-Side Assembly of Gold Nanorods through Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt and π-π Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yip-Sang Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Frankie Chi-Ming Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Heung-Kiu Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
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38
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Yarnell JE, Chakraborty A, Myahkostupov M, Wright KM, Castellano FN. Long-lived triplet excited state in a platinum(ii) perylene monoimide complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15071-15081. [PMID: 30303214 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02496k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and solution based photophysical properties of a new Pt(ii)-terpyridine complex coupled to a perylene monoimide (PMI) chromophoric unit through an acetylene linkage. This structural arrangement resulted in quantitative quenching of the highly fluorescent PMI chromophore by introducing metal character into the lowest energy singlet state, thereby leading to the formation of a long-lived PMI-ligand localized triplet excited state (τ = 8.4 μs). Even though the phosphorescence from this triplet state was not observed, highly efficient quenching of this excited state by dissolved oxygen and the observation of singlet oxygen photoluminescence in the near-IR at 1270 nm initially pointed towards triplet excited state character. Additionally, the coincidence of the excited state absorbance difference spectra from the sensitized PMI ligand using a triplet donor and the Pt-PMI complex provided strong evidence for this triplet state assignment, which was further supported by TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Yarnell
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
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39
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Zhu T, Sha Y, Yan J, Pageni P, Rahman MA, Yan Y, Tang C. Metallo-polyelectrolytes as a class of ionic macromolecules for functional materials. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4329. [PMID: 30337530 PMCID: PMC6193978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of soft polymers and macromolecular sciences have enjoyed a unique combination of metals and organic frameworks in the name of metallopolymers or organometallic polymers. When metallopolymers carry charged groups, they form a class of metal-containing polyelectrolytes or metallo-polyelectrolytes. This review identifies the unique properties and functions of metallo-polyelectrolytes compared with conventional organo-polyelectrolytes, in the hope of shedding light on the formation of functional materials with intriguing applications and potential benefits. It concludes with a critical perspective on the challenges and hurdles for metallo-polyelectrolytes, especially experimental quantitative analysis and theoretical modeling of ionic binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Ye Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710129, China
| | - Parasmani Pageni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710129, China.
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA.
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40
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Zhang K, Yeung MCL, Leung SYL, Yam VWW. Energy Landscape in Supramolecular Coassembly of Platinum(II) Complexes and Polymers: Morphological Diversity, Transformation, and Dilution Stability of Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9594-9605. [PMID: 30040413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of energy landscape has emerged as an efficient pathway for improved understanding and manipulation of both thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of complicated supramolecular systems. Herein, we report the establishment of energy landscapes of supramolecular coassembly of platinum(II) complexes and polymers, as well as the fabrication of nanostructures with enhanced complexity and intriguing properties from the coassembly systems. In the energy landscape, coassembly at room temperature has been found to only allow the longitudinal growth of platinum(II) complexes and block copolymers into core-shell nanofibers that are the kinetically trapped products. Thermal annealing can switch on the transverse growth of platinum(II) complexes and block copolymers to produce core-shell nanobelts that are the thermodynamically stable nanostructures. The extents of the transverse growth are found to increase with thermal annealing temperatures, leading to nanobelts with larger widths. Besides, rapid quenching of a hot coassembly mixture to room temperature can capture intermediate nanobelt- block-nanofiber nanostructures that are metastable and capable of converting to nanobelts upon further incubation at room temperature. Moreover, sonication treatment has been found to couple with the energy landscape of the coassembly system and open a unique energy-driven pathway to activate the kinetically forbidden nanofiber-to-nanobelt morphological transformation. Furthermore, based on the established energy landscapes, nanosphere- block-nanobelt nanostructures with distinct segmented architectures have been fabricated by thermal annealing of the ternary mixture of platinum(II) complexes, block copolymers, and polymer brushes in a one-pot and single-step procedure. Finally, the nanobelts and nanosphere- block-nanobelt nanostructures are found to possess intriguing morphological stability against acid and dilution, exhibiting characteristics that are important for promising biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaka Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Margaret Ching-Lam Yeung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Sammual Yu-Lut Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China
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41
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Samanta S, Halder S, Das G. Twisted-Intramolecular-Charge-Transfer-Based Turn-On Fluorogenic Nanoprobe for Real-Time Detection of Serum Albumin in Physiological Conditions. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7561-7568. [PMID: 29792032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two cyanine-based fluorescent probes, ( E)-2-(4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxystyryl)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-1 H-benzo[ e]indol-3-ium iodide (L) and ( E)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2-(4-nitrostyryl)-1 H-benzo[ e]indol-3-ium iodide (L1), have been designed and synthesized. Of these two probes, the twisted-intramolecular-charge-transfer (TICT)-based probe, L, can preferentially self-assemble to form nanoaggregates. L displayed a selective turn-on fluorescence response toward human and bovine serum albumin (HSA and BSA) in ∼100% aqueous PBS medium, which is noticeable with the naked eye, whereas L1 failed to sense these albumin proteins. The selective turn-on fluorescence response of L toward HSA and BSA can be attributed to the selective binding of probe L with HSA and BSA without its interfering with known drug-binding sites. The specific binding of L with HSA led to the disassembly of the self-assembled nanoaggregates of L, which was corroborated by dynamic-light-scattering (DLS) and transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) analysis. Probe L has a limit of detection as low as ∼6.5 nM. The sensing aptitude of probe L to detect HSA in body fluid and an artificial-urine sample has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Samanta
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Senjuti Halder
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Gopal Das
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 , India
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42
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Cheng Y, Li L, Wei F, Wong KMC. Alkynylplatinum(II) Terpyridine System Coupled with Rhodamine Derivative: Interplay of Aggregation, Deaggregation, and Ring-Opening Processes for Ratiometric Luminescence Sensing. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6439-6446. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Tangchang Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Tangchang Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Tangchang Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Keith Man-Chung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Tangchang Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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43
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Li P, Wang Y, Zhang S, Xu L, Wang G, Cui J. An ultrasensitive rapid-response fluorescent probe for highly selective detection of HSA. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Chen N, Guo W, Lin Z, Wei Q, Chen G. Label-free sensitive luminescence biosensor for immunoglobulin G based on Ag 6Au 6 ethisterone cluster-estrogen receptor α aggregation and graphene. Talanta 2018; 185:243-248. [PMID: 29759196 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A specific and label-free "on-off-on" luminescence biosensor based on a novel heterometallic cluster [Ag6Au6(ethisterone)12]-estrogen receptor α (Ag6Au6Eth-ERα) aggregation utilizing graphene oxide (GO) as a quencher to lead a small background signal was firstly constructed to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) with a simple process and high selectivity. The efficient photoluminescent (PL) Ag6Au6Eth-ERα aggregation is strongly quenched by GO. In the presence of IgG, the PL of this system will be restored, and perceivable by human eyes under UV lamp excitation (365 nm). The quenching mechanism of GO on Ag6Au6Eth-ERα and enhancement mechanism of IgG on Ag6Au6Eth-ERα-GO were investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the biosensor for high sensitive IgG detection expressed a wider linear range of 0.0078-10 ng/mL and a lower detection limit of 0.65 pg/mL with good stability and repeatability, which provided a new approach for label-free IgG detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Qiaohua Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Guonan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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45
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Wu J, Li Y, Tan C, Wang X, Zhang Y, Song J, Qu J, Wong WY. Aggregation-induced near-infrared emitting platinum(ii) terpyridyl complex: cellular characterisation and lysosome-specific localisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11144-11147. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An aggregation-induced near-infrared emitting terpyridyl Pt(ii) complex with excellent biocompatibility shows high specificity to lysosomes in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hung Hom
| | - Yaqiong Li
- Shijiazhuang People's Medical College
- Shijiazhuang 050091
- P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hung Hom
| | - Jun Song
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hung Hom
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46
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Law ASY, Yeung MCL, Yam VWW. Arginine-Rich Peptide-Induced Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Water-Soluble Anionic Alkynylplatinum(II) Complexes: A Continuous and Label-Free Luminescence Assay for Trypsin and Inhibitor Screening. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41143-41150. [PMID: 29140068 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble anionic alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine (bzimpy) complex has been strategically designed and synthesized to show supramolecular self-assembly with cationic arginine-rich peptides through unique noncovalent Pt(II)···Pt(II) and π-π stacking interactions. Upon introduction of trypsin, the arginine-rich peptides can be hydrolyzed into small fragments and deaggregation of the platinum(II) complex molecules is observed. The aggregation-deaggregation process has been probed by UV-vis absorption, emission, and resonance light scattering (RLS) studies. This platinum(II) complex has been employed for developing a new, continuous and label-free luminescence assay for trypsin as well as for inhibitor screening, and has been successfully applied to detect trypsin in diluted serum solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sin-Yee Law
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Margaret Ching-Lam Yeung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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47
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Li X, Poon CT, Hong EYH, Wong HL, Chan AKW, Wu L, Yam VWW. Multi-modulation for self-assemblies of amphiphilic rigid-soft compounds through alteration of solution polarity and temperature. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8408-8418. [PMID: 29077127 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01754e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new class of small molecule-based amphiphilic carbazole-containing compounds has been designed and synthesized. Detailed analysis of the temperature- and solvent-dependent UV-vis absorption spectra has provided insights into the cooperative self-assembly mechanism of the carbazole-containing compounds. Interestingly, the prepared amphiphilic rigid-soft compounds were also found to display a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in aqueous solution, which is relatively less explored in small molecule-based materials, leading to promising candidates for the design of a new class of thermo-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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48
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Zhang K, Yeung MCL, Leung SYL, Yam VWW. Living supramolecular polymerization achieved by collaborative assembly of platinum(II) complexes and block copolymers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11844-11849. [PMID: 29078381 PMCID: PMC5692582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712827114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An important feature of biological systems to achieve complexity and precision is the involvement of multiple components where each component plays its own role and collaborates with other components. Mimicking this, we report living supramolecular polymerization achieved by collaborative assembly of two structurally dissimilar components, that is, platinum(II) complexes and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PEG-b-PAA). The PAA blocks neutralize the charges of the platinum(II) complexes, with the noncovalent metal-metal and π-π interactions directing the longitudinal growth of the platinum(II) complexes into 1D crystalline nanostructures, and the PEG blocks inhibiting the transverse growth of the platinum(II) complexes and providing the whole system with excellent solubility. The ends of the 1D crystalline nanostructures have been found to be active during the assembly and remain active after the assembly. One-dimensional segmented nanostructures with heterojunctions have been produced by sequential growth of two types of platinum(II) complexes. The PAA blocks act as adapters at the heterojunctions for lattice matching between chemically and crystallographically different platinum(II) complexes, achieving heterojunctions with a lattice mismatch as large as 21%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaka Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Margaret Ching-Lam Yeung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sammual Yu-Lut Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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49
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Wang N, Hu M, Mellerup SK, Wang X, Sauriol F, Peng T, Wang S. Triaryl-Boron Functionalized Dinuclear Platinum Complexes Linked by Photoisomerizable Bpe Ligand: Luminescence and Isomerism. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12783-12794. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of
Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of
Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of
Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of
Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Soren K. Mellerup
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Françoise Sauriol
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tai Peng
- Key Laboratory of
Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of
Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suning Wang
- Key Laboratory of
Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of
Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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50
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Kong FKW, Chan AKW, Ng M, Low KH, Yam VWW. Construction of Discrete Pentanuclear Platinum(II) Stacks with Extended Metal-Metal Interactions by Using Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Tweezers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Ka-Wai Kong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Alan Kwun-Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
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