1
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Mondal S, Sarkar S, Mandal C, Mallick D, Mukherjee D. Fluorenyl-tethered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC): an exclusive C-donor ligand for heteroleptic calcium and strontium chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4553-4556. [PMID: 38568715 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00397g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Exclusive C-donating ligands are rarely used with kinetically labile heavier alkaline earths (Ca, Sr, Ba). We report herein the aptitude of a combination of NHC with fluorenyl connected by a flexible -(CH2)2- linker as a ligand support for heteroleptic Ca- and Sr-N(SiMe3)2 and iodides. The Ca-N(SiMe3)2 complex even catalyzes the intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes to showcase the effectiveness of this ligand framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subham Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India.
| | - Chhotan Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India.
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Gilhula JC, Xu L, White FD, Adelman SL, Aldrich KE, Batista ER, Dan D, Jones ZR, Kozimor SA, Mason HE, Meyer RL, Thiele NA, Yang P, Yuan M. Advances in heavy alkaline earth chemistry provide insight into complexation of weakly polarizing Ra 2+, Ba 2+, and Sr 2+ cations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8765. [PMID: 38181087 PMCID: PMC10776001 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Numerous technologies-with catalytic, therapeutic, and diagnostic applications-would benefit from improved chelation strategies for heavy alkaline earth elements: Ra2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+. Unfortunately, chelating these metals is challenging because of their large size and weak polarizing power. We found 18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid (H4COCO) bound Ra2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+ to form M(HxCOCO)x-2. Upon isolating radioactive 223Ra from its parent radionuclides (227Ac and 227Th), 223Ra2+ reacted with the fully deprotonated COCO4- chelator to generate Ra(COCO)2-(aq) (log KRa(COCO)2- = 5.97 ± 0.01), a rare example of a molecular radium complex. Comparative analyses with Sr2+ and Ba2+ congeners informed on what attributes engendered success in heavy alkaline earth complexation. Chelators with high negative charge [-4 for Ra(COCO)2-(aq)] and many donor atoms [≥11 in Ra(COCO)2-(aq)] provided a framework for stable complex formation. These conditions achieved steric saturation and overcame the weak polarization powers associated with these large dicationic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Xu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | - David Dan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA)
| | | | | | | | - Rachel L. Meyer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 (USA)
| | - Nikki A. Thiele
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Ping Yang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA)
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA)
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3
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Pozhydaiev V, Muller C, Moran J, Lebœuf D. Catalytic Synthesis of β-(Hetero)arylethylamines: Modern Strategies and Advances. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309289. [PMID: 37599269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
β-(Hetero)arylethylamines appear in a myriad of pharmaceuticals due to their broad spectrum of biological properties, making them prime candidates for drug discovery. Conventional methods for their preparation often require engineered substrates that limit the flexibility of the synthetic routes and the diversity of compounds that can be accessed. Consequently, methods that provide rapid and versatile access to those scaffolds remain limited. To overcome these challenges, synthetic chemists have designed innovative and modular strategies to access the β-(hetero)arylethylamine motif, paving the way for their more extensive use in future pharmaceuticals. This review outlines recent progresses in the synthesis of (hetero)arylethylamines and emphasizes how these innovations have enabled new levels of molecular complexity, selectivity, and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Pozhydaiev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyprien Muller
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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4
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Escorihuela J, Lledós A, Ujaque G. Anti-Markovnikov Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkenes and Alkynes: A Mechanistic View. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9139-9203. [PMID: 37406078 PMCID: PMC10416226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroamination, the addition of an N-H bond across a C-C multiple bond, is a reaction with a great synthetic potential. Important advances have been made in the last decades concerning catalysis of these reactions. However, controlling the regioselectivity in the amine addition toward the formation of anti-Markovnikov products (addition to the less substituted carbon) still remains a challenge, particularly in intermolecular hydroaminations of alkenes and alkynes. The goal of this review is to collect the systems in which intermolecular hydroamination of terminal alkynes and alkenes with anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity has been achieved. The focus will be placed on the mechanistic aspects of such reactions, to discern the step at which regioselectivity is decided and to unravel the factors that favor the anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity. In addition to the processes entailing direct addition of the amine to the C-C multiple bond, alternative pathways, involving several reactions to accomplish anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity (formal hydroamination processes), will also be discussed in this review. The catalysts gathered embrace most of the metal groups of the Periodic Table. Finally, a section discussing radical-mediated and metal-free approaches, as well as heterogeneous catalyzed processes, is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Universitat
de València, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament
de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament
de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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5
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Tajik M, Shiri M, Hussain FHS, Lotfi Nosood Y, Baeiszadeh B, Amini Z, Bikas R, Pyra A. Highly regioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of novel pyrazinoindolones via a base-mediated Ugi- N-alkylation sequence. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16963-16969. [PMID: 37288378 PMCID: PMC10243185 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02065g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient base-mediated/metal-free approach has been developed for the synthesis of 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole-3-carboxamide derivatives via intramolecular indole N-H alkylation of novel bis-amide Ugi-adducts. In this protocol the Ugi reaction of (E)-cinnamaldehyde derivatives, 2-chloroaniline, indole-2-carboxylic acid and different isocyanides was designed for the preparation of bis-amides. The main highlight of this study is the practical and highly regioselective preparation of new polycyclic functionalized pyrazino derivatives. This system is facilitated by Na2CO3 mediation in DMSO and 100 °C conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tajik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran 1993893973 Iran
| | - Morteza Shiri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran 1993893973 Iran
| | - Faiq H S Hussain
- Medical Analysis Department, Applied Science Faculty, Tishk International University Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Yazdanbakhsh Lotfi Nosood
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran 1993893973 Iran
| | - Behnaz Baeiszadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran 1993893973 Iran
| | - Zahra Amini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran 1993893973 Iran
| | - Rahman Bikas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin 34148-96818 Iran
| | - Anna Pyra
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław 14 Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
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6
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Lapshin IV, Cherkasov AV, Trifonov AA. Heteroleptic Bis(amido) Ca(II) and Yb(II) NHC Pincer Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity in Intermolecular Hydrofunctionalization of C═C Bonds. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Lapshin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina Str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina Str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina Str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, GSP-1, Russia
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7
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Du Y, Jiang B, Han G. A Facile Highly Selective Anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Vinyl Pyridines by Free Radical Oxidation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue‐Yue Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. of. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. of. China
| | - Guo‐Zhi Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. of. China
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8
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Obi AD, Freeman LA, Coates SJ, Alexis AJH, Frey NC, Dickie DA, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. Carbene–Calcium Silylamides and Amidoboranes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akachukwu D. Obi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Lucas A. Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Samuel J. Coates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Andrew J. H. Alexis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan C. Frey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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9
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Ni-catalyzed regiodivergent hydrophosphorylation of enynes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Stevens MP, Spray E, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Singh K, Timmermann VM, Sotorrios L, Macgregor SA, Ortu F. Synthesis, characterisation and reactivity of group 2 complexes with a thiopyridyl scorpionate ligand. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11922-11936. [PMID: 35876311 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the reactivity of the proligand tris(2-pyridylthio)methane (HTptm) with various Alkaline Earth (AE) reagents: (1) dialkylmagnesium reagents and (2) AE bis-amides (AE = Mg-Ba). Heteroleptic complexes of general formulae [Mg(Tptm)(R)] (R = Me, nBu; Tptm = {C(S-C5H4N)3}-) and [AE(Tptm)(N'')] (AE = Mg-Ba; N'' = {N(SiMe3)2}-) were targeted from the reaction of HTptm with R2Mg or [AE(N'')2]2. Reaction of the proligand with dialkylmagnesium reagents led to formation of [{Mg(κ3C,N,N-C{Bu}{S-C5H4N}2)(μ-S-C5H4N)}2] (1) and [{Mg(κ3C,N,N-C{Me}{S-C5H4N}2)(μ-OSiMe3)}2] (2) respectively, as a result of a novel transfer of an alkyl group onto the methanide carbon with concomitant C-S bond cleavage. However, reactivity of bis-amide precursors for Mg and Ca did afford the target species [AE(Tptm)(N'')] (3-AE; AE = Mg-Ca), although these proved susceptible to ligand degradation processes. DFT calculations show that alkyl transfer in the putative [Mg(Tptm)(nBu)] (1m') system and amide transfer in 3-Ca is a facile process that induces C-S bond cleavage in the Tptm ligand. 3-Mg and 3-Ca were also tested as catalysts for the hydrophosphination of selected alkenes and alkynes, including the first example of mono-hydrophosphination of 4-ethynylpyridine which was achieved with high conversions and excellent regio- and stereochemical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Stevens
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK.
| | - Emily Spray
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK.
| | | | - Kuldip Singh
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK.
| | - Vanessa M Timmermann
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK.
| | - Lia Sotorrios
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK.
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11
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Li Q, Fang X, Pan R, Yao H, Lin A. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Sequential Hydroamination of 1,3-Enynes: Enantioselective Syntheses of Chiral Imidazolidinones. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11364-11376. [PMID: 35687857 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed sequential hydroamination of readily available 1,3-enynes is reported. The redox-neutral process provides an efficient route to synthesize a broad scope of imidazolidinones, thiadiazolidines, and imidazolidines. Asymmetric sequential hydroamination generates a series of synthetically valuable, enantioenriched imidazolidinones. Mechanistic studies revealed that the transformation occurred via an intermolecular enyne hydroamination pathway to give an allene intermediate. Subsequent intramolecular hydroamination of the allene intermediate proceeded under the Curtin-Hammett principle to provide enantioenriched imidazolidinone products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Rui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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12
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Lapshin IV, Cherkasov AV, Lyssenko KA, Fukin GK, Trifonov AA. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Coordinated M(II) (M = Yb, Sm, Ca) Bisamides: Expanding the Limits of Intermolecular Alkene Hydrophosphination. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9147-9161. [PMID: 35679149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of NHC-stabilized amido compounds (NHC)nM[N(SiMe3)2]2 (M = Yb(II), Sm(II), Ca(II); n = 1, 2) showed remarkable catalytic efficiency in addition of PhPH2 and PH3 to alkenes under mild conditions and low catalyst loading. The effect of σ-donor capacity of NHCs on catalytic activity in hydrophosphination of styrene with PhPH2 and PH3 was revealed. For the series of three-coordinate complexes 1-4M, a tendency to increase the catalytic activity with growth of σ-donating strength of the carbene ligand was clearly demonstrated. The complex (NHC)2Sm[N(SiMe3)2]2 (NHC = 1,3-diisopropyl-2H-imidazole-2-ylidene) (5Sm) proved to be the most efficient catalyst, which enabled hardly realizable transformations such as PhPH2 addition across internal C═C bonds of norbornene and cis- and trans-stilbenes, providing the highest reaction rate for addition of PH3 to styrene. Excellent regio- and chemoselectivities of alkylation of PH3 with styrenes allow for a selective and good-yield synthesis of desired organophosphines─either primary, secondary, or tertiary. Stepwise alkylation of PH3 with various substituted styrenes can be efficiently applied as an approach to nonsymmetric secondary phosphines. The rate equation of the addition of styrene to PH3 promoted by 5Sm was found: rate = k[styrene]1[5Sm]1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Lapshin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod 630950, Russia
| | - Anton V Cherkasov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod 630950, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia.,Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Georgy K Fukin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod 630950, Russia
| | - Alexander A Trifonov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod 630950, Russia.,Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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13
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Luo C, Alegre-Requena JV, Sujansky SJ, Pajk SP, Gallegos LC, Paton RS, Bandar JS. Mechanistic Studies Yield Improved Protocols for Base-Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Alcohol Addition Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9586-9596. [PMID: 35605253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic anti-Markovnikov addition of alcohols to simple alkenes is a longstanding synthetic challenge. We recently disclosed the use of organic superbase catalysis for the nucleophilic addition of alcohols to activated styrene derivatives. This article describes mechanistic studies on this reversible reaction, including thermodynamic and kinetic profiling as well as computational modeling. Our findings show the negative entropy of addition is counterbalanced by an enthalpy that is most favored in nonpolar solvents. However, a large negative alcohol rate order under these conditions indicates excess alcohol sequesters the active alkoxide ion pairs, slowing the reaction rate. These observations led to an unexpected solution to a thermodynamically challenging reaction: use of less alcohol enables faster addition, which in turn allows for lower reaction temperatures to counteract Le Chatelier's principle. Thus, our original method has been improved with new protocols that do not require excess alcohol stoichiometry, enable an expanded alkene substrate scope, and allow for the use of more practical catalyst systems. The generality of this insight for other challenging hydroetherification reactions is also demonstrated through new alkenol cyclization and oxa-Michael addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Stephen J Sujansky
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Spencer P Pajk
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Liliana C Gallegos
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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14
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Abstract
The addition of a B-H bond to an unsaturated bond (polarized or unpolarized) is a powerful and atom-economic tool for the synthesis of organoboranes. In recent years, s-block organometallics have appeared as alternative catalysts to transition-metal complexes, which traditionally catalyze the hydroboration of unsaturated bonds. Because of the recent and rapid development in the field of hydroboration of unsaturated bonds catalyzed by alkali (Li, Na, K) and alkaline earth (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) metals, we provide a detailed and updated comprehensive review that covers the synthesis, reactivity, and application of s-block metal catalysts in the hydroboration of polarized as well as unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. Moreover, we describe the main reaction mechanisms, providing valuable insight into the reactivity of the s-block metal catalysts. Finally, we compare these s-block metal complexes with other redox-neutral catalytic systems based on p-block metals including aluminum complexes and f-block metal complexes of lanthanides and early actinides. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive, authoritative, and critical assessment of the state of the art within this highly interesting research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Magre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcin Szewczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Chemical Science Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Zhang XY, Zhai DD, Liu YF, Guan BT. A potassium magnesiate complex: Synthesis, structure and catalytic intermolecular hydroamination of styrenes. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Brieger L, Unkelbach C, Strohmann C. THF-solvated Heavy Alkali Metal Benzyl Compounds (Na, Rb, Cs): Defined Deprotonation Reagents for Alkali Metal Mediation Chemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:17780-17784. [PMID: 34633717 PMCID: PMC9298144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of heavy alkali metals into substrates is both challenging and essential for many reactions. Here, we report the formation of THF-solvated alkali metal benzyl compounds [PhCH2 M ⋅ (thf)n ] (M=Na, Rb, Cs). The synthesis was carried out by deprotonation of toluene with the bimetallic mixture n-butyllithium/alkali metal tert-butoxide and selective crystallization from THF of the defined benzyl compounds. Insights into the molecular structure in the solid as well as in solution state are gained by single crystal X-ray experiments and NMR spectroscopic studies. The compounds could be successfully used as alkali metal mediating reagents. The example of caesium showed the convenient use by deprotonating acidic C-H as well as N-H compounds to gain insight into the aminometalation using these reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Brieger
- Inorganic ChemistryTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a44227DortmundGermany
| | - Christian Unkelbach
- Inorganic ChemistryTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a44227DortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Inorganic ChemistryTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Str. 6/6a44227DortmundGermany
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17
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Bary G, Jamil MI, Arslan M, Ghani L, Ahmed W, Ahmad H, Zaman G, Ayub K, Sajid M, Ahmad R, Huang D, Liu F, Wang Y. Regio- and stereoselective functionalization of alkenes with emphasis on mechanistic insight and sustainability concerns. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Khristolyubov DO, Lyubov DM, Trifonov AA. Alkyl complexes of divalent lanthanides and heavy alkaline earth metals. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Dong S, Chen J, Qiao K, Fang J, Yang Y, Maron L, Liu B. Insights into Rare-Earth Metal Complex-Mediated Hydroamination. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Kening Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- LPCNO, University of Toulouse, INSA Toulouse 135, avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 31077, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, University of Toulouse, INSA Toulouse 135, avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 31077, France
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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20
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Lippa RA, Battersby DJ, Murphy JA, Barrett TN. Synthesis of Arylethylamines via C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3583-3604. [PMID: 33513016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Substituted arylethylamines represent a key structural motif in natural, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical compounds. Access to such scaffolds has been the subject of long-standing synthetic interest. Herein, we report the synthesis of such scaffolds via a palladium-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling between (chloromethyl)aryls and air-/moisture-stable N,N-dialkylaminomethyltrifluoroborate salts. Rapid hit identification was achieved using microscale high-throughput experimentation and was followed by millimolar-scale reaction parameter optimization. A range of structurally and electronically varied arylethylamine products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (27-96%, >60 examples). The reaction mechanism is proposed to proceed via formation of a trialkylbenzylammonium species prior to oxidative addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys A Lippa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - David J Battersby
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Tim N Barrett
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
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21
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Yiğit M, Gök Y, Yiğit B, Özeroğlu Çelikal Ö. Rhodium(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Catalysts for the Anti-Markovnikov Hydroaminations of Styrene. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Gil-Negrete JM, Hevia E. Main group bimetallic partnerships for cooperative catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1982-1992. [PMID: 34163960 PMCID: PMC8179316 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade s-block metal catalysis has undergone a transformation from being an esoteric curiosity to a well-established and consolidated field towards sustainable synthesis. Earth-abundant metals such as Ca, Mg, and Al have shown eye-opening catalytic performances in key catalytic processes such as hydrosilylation, hydroamination or alkene polymerization. In parallel to these studies, s-block mixed-metal reagents have also been attracting widespread interest from scientists. These bimetallic reagents effect many cornerstone organic transformations, often providing enhanced reactivities and better chemo- and regioselectivities than conventional monometallic reagents. Despite a significant number of synthetic advances to date, most efforts have focused primarily on stoichiometric transformations. Merging these two exciting areas of research, this Perspective Article provides an overview on the emerging concept of s/p-block cooperative catalysis. Showcasing recent contributions from several research groups across the world, the untapped potential that these systems can offer in catalytic transformations is discussed with special emphasis placed on how synergistic effects can operate and the special roles played by each metal in these transformations. Advancing the understanding of the ground rules of s-block cooperative catalysis, the application of these bimetalic systems in a critical selection of catalytic transformations encompassing hydroamination, cyclisation, hydroboration to C-C bond forming processes are presented as well as their uses in important polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Gil-Negrete
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern CH3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern CH3012 Bern Switzerland
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23
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Hammoud J, Abou-Khalil F, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Bour C, Gandon V, Lebœuf D, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y. Alkaline-earth complexes with macrocyclic-functionalised bis(phenolate)s and bis(fluoroalkoxide)s. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13017-13028. [PMID: 32914818 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural features of several families of unsolvated molecular complexes of the heavy alkaline earths (Ae = calcium, strontium and barium) supported by bis(phenolate)s or bis(fluoroalkoxide)s are described. These dianionic, multidentate ligands are built around diaza-macrocycles that contain either five or six N- and O-heteroatoms. Several of these complexes have been characterised by X-ray diffraction crystallography. A list of comparative features was drawn upon close examination of the molecular structures of these complexes. It highlights the subtle influences of the identity of the central Ae metal, denticity and nature -fluoroalkoxide vs. phenolate- of the anionic tethers in the ligands. All complexes are seven- or eight-coordinate. It is observed in particular that a decrease of the number of heteroatoms in the macrocyclic backbone of the ligand will be compensated by the establishment of intramolecular AeF interactions (accounting for ca. 3.8-6.4% of the pertaining coordination spheres according to bond valence sum analysis), dimerisation of the complex, or, in one case, solvent (thf) retention. Attempts to gauge the Lewis acidity in these series of complexes were carried out by three independent methods (Childs, Gutmann-Beckett and global electrophilicity index). However, conflicting results were obtained and no clear trend can be delineated, even if on the whole, these measurements concur to suggest relatively low Lewis acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Hammoud
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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24
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Mulks FF, Bole LJ, Davin L, Hernán‐Gómez A, Kennedy A, García‐Álvarez J, Hevia E. Ambient Moisture Accelerates Hydroamination Reactions of Vinylarenes with Alkali‐Metal Amides under Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian F. Mulks
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Leonie J. Bole
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Laia Davin
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
| | - Alberto Hernán‐Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgańica y Química Inorgańica Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid Spain
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC) Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
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25
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Mulks FF, Bole LJ, Davin L, Hernán‐Gómez A, Kennedy A, García‐Álvarez J, Hevia E. Ambient Moisture Accelerates Hydroamination Reactions of Vinylarenes with Alkali‐Metal Amides under Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19021-19026. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian F. Mulks
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Leonie J. Bole
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Laia Davin
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
| | - Alberto Hernán‐Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgańica y Química Inorgańica Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid Spain
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC) Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
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26
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yann Sarazin
- CNRS, ISCR‐UMR 6226 Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
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27
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Schuhknecht D, Spaniol TP, Yang Y, Maron L, Okuda J. Reactivity of a Molecular Calcium Hydride Cation ([CaH] +) Supported by an NNNN Macrocycle. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9406-9415. [PMID: 32543844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The hydride ligand in the cationic calcium hydride supported by a NNNN-type macrocycle, [(Me4TACD)2Ca2(μ-H)2(THF)][BAr4]2 (1; Me4TACD = 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane; THF = tetrahydrofuran; BAr4 = B(C6H3-3,5-Me2)4), shows, in addition to its Brönsted basicity toward weak acids, a pronounced nucleophilicity resulting in nucleophilic substitution or insertion (addition) at a silicon or sp2 carbon center. Terminal acetylenes RC≡CH (R = SiMe3, cyclopropyl) as well as 1,4-diphenylbutadiene were deprotonated by 1 to give dinuclear complexes [(Me4TACD)2Ca2(μ-C≡CR)2][BAr4]2 (2a, R = SiMe3; 2b, R = cyclopropyl) and [(Me4TACD)2Ca2(μ2-η4-1,4-Ph2C4H2)][BAr4]2 (3) with H2 evolution. The addition reaction with BH3(THF) gave a tetrahydridoborate complex, [(Me4TACD)Ca(BH4)(THF)2][BAr4] (4), with κ2-H2BH2 coordination in the solid state, suggesting a pronounced Lewis acidic calcium center. The behavior resulting from both Lewis acidity and hydricity becomes apparent in the nucleophilic substitution of fluorobenzene by 1 to give benzene and the dimeric fluoride complex [(Me4TACD)2Ca2(μ-F)2(THF)][BAr4]2·2.5THF (5). Analogous nucleophilic substitution reaction is observed for heterofunctionalized organosilanes XSiR3 [X = I, N(SiHMe2)2, N3; R = Me3 or HMe2], which resulted in the formation of calcium complexes [(Me4TACD)Ca(X)(THF)n][BAr4] (6-8) containing an X ligand along with hydrosilane HSiR3. An insertion reaction by 1 was observed with CO2 and CO to give dinuclear formato complex [(Me4TACD)2Ca2(μ-OCHO)2][BAr4]2 (9) and cis-enediolato complex [(Me4TACD)2Ca2(μ-OCH═CHO)][BAr4]2·3.5THF (10), respectively. The latter is believed to have been formed as a result of the dimerization of an initially generated formyl or oxymethylene complex, [(Me4TACD)Ca(OCH)]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Schuhknecht
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas P Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yan Yang
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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28
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Martin J, Langer J, Wiesinger M, Elsen H, Harder S. Dibenzotropylidene Substituted Ligands for Early Main Group Metal‐Alkene Bonding. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Martin
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Michael Wiesinger
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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29
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Sushmita, Aggarwal T, Saini KM, Verma AK. Olefin-Oriented Selective Synthesis of Linear and Branched N-Alkylated Heterocycles by Hydroamination. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; 110007 Delhi India
| | - Trapti Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; 110007 Delhi India
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30
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Morris LJ, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Manners I, S McMenamy F, Whittell GR. Heavier Alkaline-Earth Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling of Silanes and Alcohols for the Synthesis of Metallo-Polysilylethers. Chemistry 2020; 26:2954-2966. [PMID: 31899846 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dehydrocoupling of silanes and alcohols mediated by heavier alkaline-earth catalysts, [Ae{N(SiMe3 )2 }2 ⋅(THF)2 ] (I-III) and [Ae{CH(SiMe3 )2 }2 ⋅(THF)2 ], (IV-VI) (Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba) is described. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols were coupled to phenylsilane or diphenylsilane, whereas tertiary silanes are less tolerant towards bulky substrates. Some control over reaction selectivity towards mono-, di-, or tri-substituted silylether products was achieved through alteration of reaction stoichiometry, conditions, and catalyst. The ferrocenyl silylether, FeCp(C5 H4 SiPh(OBn)2 ) (2), was prepared and fully characterized from the ferrocenylsilane, FeCp(C5 H4 SiPhH2 ) (1), and benzyl alcohol using barium catalysis. Stoichiometric experiments suggested a reaction manifold involving the formation of Ae-alkoxide and hydride species, and a series of dimeric Ae-alkoxides [(Ph3 CO)Ae(μ2 -OCPh3 )Ae(THF)] (3 a-c, Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba) were isolated and fully characterized. Mechanistic experiments suggested a complex reaction mechanism involving dimeric or polynuclear active species, whose kinetics are highly dependent on variables such as the identity and concentration of the precatalyst, silane, and alcohol. Turnover frequencies increase on descending Group 2 of the periodic table, with the barium precatalyst III displaying an apparent first-order dependence in both silane and alcohol, and an optimum catalyst loading of 3 mol % Ba, above which activity decreases. With precatalyst III in THF, ferrocene-containing poly- and oligosilylethers with ferrocene pendent to- (P1-P4) or as a constituent (P5, P6) of the main polymer chain were prepared from 1 or Fe(C5 H4 SiPhH2 )2 (4) with diols 1,4-(HOCH2 )2 -(C6 H4 ) and 1,4-(CH(CH3 )OH)2 -(C6 H4 ), respectively. The resultant materials were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, with estimated molecular weights in excess of 20,000 Da for P1 and P4. The iron centers display reversible redox behavior and thermal analysis showed P1 and P5 to be promising precursors to magnetic ceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Fred S McMenamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - George R Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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31
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Khristolyubov DO, Lyubov DM, Shavyrin AS, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Trifonov AA. Ln( ii) and Ca( ii) NC sp3N pincer type diarylmethanido complexes – promising catalysts for C–C and C–E (E = Si, P, N, S) bond formation. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of Ln(ii) (Ln = Yb, Sm) and Ca [NCsp3N] pincer type diarylmethanido complexes were synthesized and successfully used as efficient and selective precatalyst for intermolecular C–C and C–E bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry M. Lyubov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Andrey S. Shavyrin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
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32
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Zhang XY, Du HZ, Zhai DD, Guan BT. Combined KH/alkaline-earth metal amide catalysts for hydrogenation of alkenes. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breaking saline KH: The combined KH/alkaline-earth metal amide catalysts display much better catalytic activity than their components in the hydrogenation of alkenes, suggesting the degradation and activation of saline KH with the metal amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Hui-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhai
- Department of chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- China
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- Department of chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- China
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33
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Shi X, Liu Z, Cheng J. Barium tetraalkylaluminate complexes supported by the super-bulky hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17919-17924. [PMID: 31782451 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A heteroleptic barium aminobenzyl complex [(TpAd,iPr)Ba(o-CH2C6H4-NMe2)] (1) was obtained in excellent yield from a simple one-pot reaction. Treatment of [(TpAd,iPr)Ba(o-CH2C6H4-NMe2)] (1) with two equivalents of AlR3 (R = Me, Et) led to the formation of barium tetraalkylaluminate complexes [(TpAd,iPr)Ba(AlR4)]n (R = Me, n = 2, 2; R = Et, n = 1, 3) as dimers or monomers in the solid state. The TpAd,iPr ligand-free peralkylated barium complex [Ba(AlEt4)2]n was isolated by the addition of ten equivalents of AlEt3 under the same conditions. The donor-induced aluminate cleavage is not applicable when donor solvents are added to complexes 2 and 3. In the solution of complexes 2 and 3, the alkylaluminate moieties and TpAd,iPr ligands show a rapid fluxional behavior in [D8]toluene solution over the temperature range of -70 to 25 °C, without any significant decoalescence of the corresponding proton signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Zhizhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
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34
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Shigeno M, Nakamura R, Hayashi K, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Catalytic Amination of β-(Hetero)arylethyl Ethers by Phosphazene Base t-Bu-P4. Org Lett 2019; 21:6695-6699. [PMID: 31403305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the catalytic amination of β-(hetero)arylethyl ethers with amines using the organic superbase t-Bu-P4 to obtain β-(hetero)arylethylamines. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and allows the transformations of electron-deficient and electron-neutral β-(hetero)arylethyl ethers with various amines including pyrrole, N-alkylaniline, diphenylamine, aniline, indole, and indoline derivatives. Mechanistic studies indicate a two-reaction pathway of MeOH elimination from the substrate to form a (hetero)arylalkene followed by the hydroamination of the alkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Nakamura
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Hayashi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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35
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Freeman LA, Walley JE, Obi AD, Wang G, Dickie DA, Molino A, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Stepwise Reduction at Magnesium and Beryllium: Cooperative Effects of Carbenes with Redox Non-Innocent α-Diimines. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10554-10568. [PMID: 31124671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the organometallic chemistry of the alkaline earth elements has experienced a renaissance due in part to developments in ligand stabilization strategies. In order to expand the scope of redox chemistry known for magnesium and beryllium, we have synthesized a set of reduced magnesium and beryllium complexes and compared their resulting structural and electronic properties. The carbene-coordinated alkaline earth-halides, (Et2CAAC)MgBr2 (1), (SIPr)MgBr2 (2), (Et2CAAC)BeCl2 (3), and (SIPr)BeCl2 (4) [Et2CAAC = diethyl cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene; SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole-2-ylidene] were combined with an α-diimine [2,2-bipyridine (bpy) or bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diazabutadiene (DippDAB)] and the appropriate stoichiometric amount of potassium graphite to form singly- and doubly-reduced compounds (Et2CAAC)MgBr(DippDAB) (5), (Et2CAAC)MgBr(bpy) (6), (Et2CAAC)Mg(DippDAB) (7), (Et2CAAC)Be(bpy) (8), and (SIPr)Be(bpy) (9). The doubly-reduced compounds 7-9 exhibit substantial π-bonding interactions across the diimine core, metal center, and π-acidic carbene. Each complex was fully characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, X-ray crystallography, 1H, 13C, and 9Be NMR, or EPR where applicable. We use these compounds to highlight the differences in the organometallic chemistry of the lightest alkaline earth metals, magnesium and beryllium, in an otherwise identical chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Freeman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , 409 McCormick Road , PO Box 400319, Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Jacob E Walley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , 409 McCormick Road , PO Box 400319, Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Akachukwu D Obi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , 409 McCormick Road , PO Box 400319, Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , 409 McCormick Road , PO Box 400319, Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , 409 McCormick Road , PO Box 400319, Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Bundoora , Victoria 3083 , Australia
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Bundoora , Victoria 3083 , Australia
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , 409 McCormick Road , PO Box 400319, Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
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36
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Tolpygin AO, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Kovylina TA, Lyssenko KA, Trifonov AA. Calcium Amido Complexes Coordinated by Tridentate Amidinate Ligands: Synthesis, Structures and Catalytic Activity in Olefin Hydrophosphination and Polymerization of Cyclic Esters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei O. Tolpygin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences Tropinina str. 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP‐445 Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences Tropinina str. 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP‐445 Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences Tropinina str. 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP‐445 Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Kovylina
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences Tropinina str. 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP‐445 Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Lyssenko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova str. 28 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1 Russia
| | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences Tropinina str. 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP‐445 Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova str. 28 119991 Moscow, GSP‐1 Russia
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37
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Zelenay B, Munton P, Tian X, Díez-González S. A Commercially Available and User-Friendly Catalyst for Hydroamination Reactions under Technical Conditions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zelenay
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; MSRH; 80 Wood Lane W120BZ London UK
| | - Peter Munton
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; MSRH; 80 Wood Lane W120BZ London UK
| | - Xiaojie Tian
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; MSRH; 80 Wood Lane W120BZ London UK
| | - Silvia Díez-González
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; MSRH; 80 Wood Lane W120BZ London UK
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38
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Adamson NJ, Jeddi H, Malcolmson SJ. Preparation of Chiral Allenes through Pd-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of Conjugated Enynes: Enantioselective Synthesis Enabled by Catalyst Design. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8574-8583. [PMID: 31070902 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we establish that conjugated enynes undergo selective 1,4-hydroamination under Pd catalysis to deliver chiral allenes with pendant allylic amines. Several primary and secondary aliphatic and aryl-substituted amines couple with a wide range of mono- and disubstituted enynes in a nonenantioselective reaction where DPEphos serves as the ligand for Pd. Benzophenone imine acts as an ammonia surrogate to afford primary amines in a two-step/one-pot process. Examination of chiral catalysts revealed a high degree of reversibility in the C-N bond formation that negatively impacted enantioselectivity. Consequently, an electron-poor ferrocenyl-PHOX ligand was developed to enable efficient and enantioselective enyne hydroamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Adamson
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Haleh Jeddi
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Steven J Malcolmson
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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39
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Davin L, Hernán-Gómez A, McLaughlin C, Kennedy AR, McLellan R, Hevia E. Alkali metal and stoichiometric effects in intermolecular hydroamination catalysed by lithium, sodium and potassium magnesiates. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8122-8130. [PMID: 31045196 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00923j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Main group bimetallic complexes, while being increasingly used in stoichiometric deprotonation and metal-halogen exchange reactions, have not yet made a significant impact in catalytic applications. This paper explores the ability of alkali metal magnesiates to catalyse the intermolecular hydroamination of alkynes and alkenes using sytrene and diphenylacetylene as principle setting model substrates. By systematically studying the role of the alkali-metal and the formulation of the heterobimetallic precatalyst, this study establishes higher order potassium magnesiate [(PMDETA)2K2Mg(CH2SiMe3)4] (7) as a highly effective system capable of catalysing hydroamination of styrene and diphenylacetylene with several amines while operating at room temperature. This high reactivity contrasts with the complete lack of catalytic ability of neutral Mg(CH2SiMe3)2, even when harsher reaction conditions are employed (24 h, 80 °C). A pronounced alkali metal effect is also uncovered proving that the alkali metal (Li, Na, or K) is not a mere spectating counterion. Through stoichiometric reactions, and structural and spectroscopic (DOSY NMR) investigations we shed some light on the potential reaction pathway as well as the constitution of key intermediates. This work suggests that the enhanced catalytic activity of 7 can be rationalised in terms of the superior nucleophilic power of the formally dianionic magnesiate {Mg(NR2)4}2- generated in situ during the hydroamination process, along with the ability of potassium to engage in π-interactions with the unsaturated organic substrate, enhancing its susceptibility towards a nucleophilic attack by the amide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Davin
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Calum McLaughlin
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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40
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Zheng X, Huang J, Yao Y, Xu X. Stoichiometric reactions and catalytic dehydrogenations of amine–boranes with calcium aryloxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9152-9155. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04698d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A calcium aryloxide complex reacts with amine–boranes to give unprecedented amine–borane coordinated complexes through Ca⋯H interactions, which serve as active species for catalytic dehydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhou Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Jiasu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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41
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Le Coz E, Roueindeji H, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y. Barium complexes with crown-ether-functionalised amidinate and iminoanilide ligands for the hydrophosphination of vinylarenes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9173-9180. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01512d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Two barium-amide complexes bearing crown-ether-functionalised amidinate and iminoanilide ligands that act as competent precatalysts for the intermolecular hydrophosphination of vinylarenes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Le Coz
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Hanieh Roueindeji
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
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42
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Krieck S, Kalden D, Oberheide A, Seyfarth L, Arndt HD, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Synthesis and catalytic activity of tridentate N-(2-pyridylethyl)-substituted bulky amidinates of calcium and strontium. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2479-2490. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04905j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sterically protected tridentate amidinates of calcium have been prepared to study the intramolecular hydroamination of an aminoalkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Diana Kalden
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Ansgar Oberheide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Lydia Seyfarth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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43
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Nájera C, Beletskaya IP, Yus M. Metal-catalyzed regiodivergent organic reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4515-4618. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses metal-catalysed regiodivergent additions, allylic substitutions, CH-activation, cross-couplings and intra- or intermolecular cyclisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Nájera
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Universidad de Alicante
- E-03080 Alicante
- Spain
| | - Irina P. Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119992 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Miguel Yus
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Universidad de Alicante
- E-03080 Alicante
- Spain
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44
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Tan QW, Chovatia P, Willis MC. Copper-catalysed synthesis of alkylidene 2-pyrrolinone derivatives from the combination of α-keto amides and alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7797-7800. [PMID: 30327813 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02205d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(i)-catalysed addition and cyclisation sequence has been developed for the synthesis of (E)-alkylidene pyrrolinone derivatives. The reactions incorporate simple α-keto amides and alkynes as substrates, and employ a commercially available Cu(i) catalyst. The process tolerates good variation of both starting materials, and delivers the desired pyrrolinones in good yields, with high levels of stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wen Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Praful Chovatia
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Michael C Willis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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45
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Yu L, Qian R, Deng X, Wang F, Xu Q. Calcium-catalyzed reactions of element-H bonds. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1010-1016. [PMID: 36658887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Investigation on organocalcium catalysis is just unfolding during the past decade. Beside conventional Ca salts with strong electron-withdrawing counter anions that may serve as Lewis acid catalysts, many Ca complexes have also been designed recently and found to be good catalysts in activation of element-H (EH) bonds like transition metal catalysts. These findings are interesting and may attract the interest of the chemists. Due to the great abundance, non-toxicity, and biocompatible features of Ca element, Ca-catalyzed reactions can be of great significance from the viewpoint of industry. This short review summarizes the recent advances on Ca-catalyzed reactions of EH bonds. We hope that it may provide a useful guide for interested readers from both the academy and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | | | - Xin Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Yangzhou Polytechnology Institute, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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46
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Wang F, Wang D, Zhou Y, Liang L, Lu R, Chen P, Lin Z, Liu G. Divergent Synthesis of CF3
-Substituted Allenyl Nitriles by Ligand-Controlled Radical 1,2- and 1,4-Addition to 1,3-Enynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dinghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Ling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ronghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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47
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Wang F, Wang D, Zhou Y, Liang L, Lu R, Chen P, Lin Z, Liu G. Divergent Synthesis of CF3
-Substituted Allenyl Nitriles by Ligand-Controlled Radical 1,2- and 1,4-Addition to 1,3-Enynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7140-7145. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dinghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Ling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ronghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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48
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Freitag B, Stegner P, Thum K, Fischer CA, Harder S. Tetranuclear Strontium and Barium Siloxide/Amide Clusters in Metal-Ligand Cooperative Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Freitag
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Phillip Stegner
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Katharina Thum
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian A. Fischer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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49
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50
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Lapshin IV, Yurova OS, Basalov IV, Rad'kov VY, Musina EI, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Karasik AA, Trifonov AA. Amido Ca and Yb(II) Complexes Coordinated by Amidine-Amidopyridinate Ligands for Catalytic Intermolecular Olefin Hydrophosphination. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2942-2952. [PMID: 29443529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of amido Ca and Yb(II) complexes LM[N(SiMe3)2](THF) (1Yb, 1-4Ca) coordinated by amidine-amidopyridinate ligands L1-4 were synthesized via a transamination reaction between proligands L1-4H and bisamido complexes M[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 (M = Yb, Ca). The reactions of Yb[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 with proligands L2H-L4H containing CF3 and C6H4F fragments do not allow for preparing the target Yb(II) complexes, while the Ca analogues were synthesized in good yields. Complexes 1Yb and 1-4Ca were evaluated as precatalysts for hydrophosphination of styrene, p-substituted styrenes, α-Me-styrene, and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene with various primary and secondary phosphines (PhPH2, 2,4,6-Me3C6H2PH2, 2-C5NH4PH2, Ph2PH, Cy2PH). Complexes 1Yb, 1-4Ca performed high catalytic activities in styrene hydrophosphination with PhPH2 and Ph2PH and demonstrated high regioselectivity affording exclusively the anti-Markovnikov addition products. For primary PhPH2 the reactions (1:1 molar ratio of substrates) catalyzed by 1Yb, 1Ca, and 2Ca proved to be highly chemoselective affording the secondary phosphine Ph(PhCH2CH2)PH; however, complexes 3Ca and 4Ca led to the formation of both secondary and tertiary phosphines in 80:20 and 86:14 ratios. Styrene hydrophosphinations with 2,4,6-Me3C6H2PH2 and 2-pyridylphosphine for all complexes 1Yb and 1-4Ca proceeded much more slowly compared to PhPH2. Addition of 2-C5NH4PH2 to styrene catalyzed by complex 1Yb turned out to be non-regioselective and led to the formation of a mixture of Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov addition products, while all Ca complexes enabled regioselective anti-Markovnikov addition. Complexes 1Ca and 1Yb containing catalytic centers featuring similar ionic radii performed different catalytic activity: the ytterbium analogue proved to be a more active catalyst for intermolecular hydrophosphination of styrene with Cy2PH, 2-C5NH4PH2, and PhPH2, but less active with sterically demanding 2,4,6-Me3C6H2PH2. Styrenes containing in p-position electron-donating groups (Me, tBu, OMe) performed with noticeably lower rates in the reactions with PhPH2 compared to styrene. Complexes 1Yb, 1Ca, 2Ca, 3Ca, and 4Ca enabled addition of PhPH2 toward the double C═C bond of α-Me-styrene, and the reaction rate for this substrate is noticeably lower; however quantitative conversions were reached in ∼40 h. Complexes 1Ca and 2Ca promoted 1,2-addition of PhPH2 to 2,3-dimethyl butadiene with excellent regio- and chemoselectivity to afford linear secondary phosphines. Hydrophosphination of inert 1-nonene with Ph2PH with 40% conversion becomes possible due to the application of complex 2Ca (40 h, 70 °C). The rate law for the hydrophosphination of styrene with Ph2PH catalyzed by 1Ca was found to agree with the idealized equation: v = k[styrene]1[1Ca]1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Lapshin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Olga S Yurova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Ivan V Basalov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Vasily Yu Rad'kov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Elvira I Musina
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , 8 Academician Arbuzov str. , 420088 Kazan , Russia
| | - Anton V Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Georgy K Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia
| | - Andrei A Karasik
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , 8 Academician Arbuzov str. , 420088 Kazan , Russia
| | - Alexander A Trifonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Tropinina str. , 603137 Nizhny Novgorod , GSP-445, Russia.,A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences , 28 Vavilova str. , 119991 , Moscow , GSP-1, Russia
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