1
|
Lu F, Kitanosono T, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Small-Molecule-Based Strategy for Mitigating Deactivation of Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22918-22922. [PMID: 39106440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Chiral Lewis acid catalysts are widely used in organic synthesis due to their diverse applications. However, their high Lewis acidity makes them susceptible to deactivation by basic Lewis reagents and water. Here, we present a novel strategy for mitigating this deactivation using small molecules. By incorporating weakly coordinating anions into the secondary coordination sphere of the metal center, we designed a highly reusable chiral Lewis acid complex. This complex exhibits excellent thermal stability and allows for the use of electron-poor nucleophiles in the reactions. Spectroscopic and titration studies confirmed the robustness of the optimized complex. This work provides valuable insights for overcoming the limitations of chiral Lewis acids in Lewis basic environments, expanding their potential for chemical synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taku Kitanosono
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schoetz MD, Deckers K, Singh G, Ahrweiler E, Hoeppner A, Schoenebeck F. Electrochemistry-Enabled C-Heteroatom Bond Formation of Alkyl Germanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21257-21263. [PMID: 39058901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Because of their robustness and orthogonal reactivity features, alkyl germanes bear significant potential as functional handles for the construction of C(sp3)-rich scaffolds, especially in the context of modular synthetic approaches. However, to date, only radical-based reactivity has been accessible from these functional handles, which limits the types of possible decorations. Here, we describe the first general C(sp3)-heteroatom bond formation of alkyl germanes (-GeEt3) by leveraging electrochemistry to unlock polar reactivity. This approach allowed us to couple C(sp3)-GeEt3 with a variety of nucleophiles to construct ethers, esters, amines, amides, sulfonamides, sulfides, as well as C-P, C-F, and C-C bonds. The compatibility of the electrochemical approach with a modular synthetic strategy of a C1 motif was also showcased, involving the sequential functionalization of Cl, Bpin, and ultimately GeEt3 via electrochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric Ahrweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Hoeppner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ilic A, Strücker BR, Johnson CE, Hainz S, Lomoth R, Wärnmark K. Aminomethylations of electron-deficient compounds-bringing iron photoredox catalysis into play. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12077-12085. [PMID: 39092117 PMCID: PMC11290444 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02612h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-functionalisation of N-containing compounds is an area of broad interest in synthetic chemistry due to their presence in biologically active substances among others. Visible light-induced generation of nucleophilic α-aminoalkyl radicals as reactive intermediates that can be trapped by electron-deficient alkenes presents an attractive and mild approach to achieve said functionalisation. In this work, [Fe(iii)(phtmeimb)2]PF6 (phtmeimb = phenyl(tris(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene))borate), an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex based on Earth-abundant iron, was used as photoredox catalyst to efficiently drive the formation of α-aminoalkyl radicals from a range of different α-trimethylsilylamines and their subsequent addition to a number of electron-deficient alkenes under green light irradiation. Mechanistic investigations elucidated the different reaction steps of the complete photocatalytic cycle. In terms of yields and substrate scope, we show that [Fe(iii)(phtmeimb)2]PF6 can compete with noble metal photoredox catalysts, for instance outcompeting archetypal [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 under comparable reaction conditions, illustrating that iron photocatalysts can efficiently facilitate photoredox reactions of synthetic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ilic
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Benjamin R Strücker
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Catherine E Johnson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Simon Hainz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan Z, Liu Y, Feng X. Photoredox-catalyzed C( sp3)─H radical functionalization to enable asymmetric synthesis of α-chiral alkyl phosphine. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn9738. [PMID: 38838147 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn9738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
α-Chiral alkyl phosphines are privileged structural motifs with a wide application in organic and medical synthesis. It is highly desirable to develop stereoselective methods to prepare these enantioenriched molecules. The incorporation of C(sp3)─H functionalization and chiral phosphine chemistry is much less explored, probably because of the weak reactivity of C(sp3)─H bonds and/or the challenging site- and stereoselectivity issues. Herein, we disclose a synergistic catalysis system to enable an enantioselective radical addition process of α-substituted vinylphosphine oxides. An array of diverse α-chiral alkyl phosphors compounds is smoothly accessed by using the readily available chemicals as the inert C(sp3)─H bond reagent, such as sulfides, amines, alkenes, and toluene derivatives, exerting remarkable chemo-, site-, and enantioselectivity. On the basis of the mechanistic studies, both the C(sp3)─H bond activation and the stereochemistry-determining step are proposed to involve a single-electron transfer/proton transfer process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Tan
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yangbin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang W, Yan X, Ye F, Zheng S, Huang G, Yuan W. Nickel/Photoredox Dual-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Aminoalkylation of Unactivated Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23385-23394. [PMID: 37824756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A mild and regiodivergent aminoalkylation of unactivated alkyl halides is disclosed via a dual photoredox/nickel catalysis. Bipyridyl-type ligands without an ortho-substituent control the site-selective coupling at the original position, while ortho-disubstituted ligands tune the site-selectivity at a remote, unprefunctionalized position. Mechanistic studies combined with DFT calculations give insight into the mechanism and the origins of the ligand-controlled regioselectivity. Notably, this redox-neutral, regiodivergent alkyl-alkyl coupling features mild conditions, broad substrate scope for both alkyl coupling partners, and excellent site-selectivity and offers a straightforward way for α-alkylation of tertiary amines to synthesize structurally diverse alkylamines and value-added amino acid derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chang X, Zhang F, Zhu S, Yang Z, Feng X, Liu Y. Photoredox-catalyzed diastereoselective dearomative prenylation and reverse-prenylation of electron-deficient indole derivatives. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3876. [PMID: 37391418 PMCID: PMC10313782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenylated and reverse-prenylated indolines are privileged scaffolds in numerous naturally occurring indole alkaloids with a broad spectrum of important biological properties. Development of straightforward and stereoselective methods to enable the synthesis of structurally diverse prenylated and reverse-prenylated indoline derivatives is highly desirable and challenging. In this context, the most direct approaches to achieve this goal generally rely on transition-metal-catalyzed dearomative allylic alkylation of electron-rich indoles. However, the electron-deficient indoles are much less explored, probably due to their diminished nucleophilicity. Herein, a photoredox-catalyzed tandem Giese radical addition/Ireland-Claisen rearrangement is disclosed. Diastereoselective dearomative prenylation and reverse-prenylation of electron-deficient indoles proceed smoothly under mild conditions. An array of tertiary α-silylamines as radical precursors is readily incorporated in 2,3-disubstituted indolines with high functional compatibility and excellent diastereoselectivity (>20:1 d.r.). The corresponding transformations of the secondary α-silylamines provide the biologically important lactam-fused indolines in one-pot synthesis. Subsequently, a plausible photoredox pathway is proposed based on control experiments. The preliminary bioactivity study reveals a potential anticancer property of these structurally appealing indolines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Chang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Fangqing Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yangbin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sivaramakrishna A, Pete S, Mandar Mhaskar C, Ramann H, Venkata Ramanaiah D, Arbaaz M, Niyaz M, Janardan S, Suman P. Role of hypercoordinated silicon(IV) complexes in activation of carbon–silicon bonds: An overview on utility in synthetic chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
8
|
Rolka AB, Archipowa N, Kutta RJ, König B, Toste FD. Hybrid Catalysts for Enantioselective Photo-Phosphoric Acid Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6509-6522. [PMID: 37126846 PMCID: PMC10198958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of two novel, organic, and chiral photocatalysts are presented. By combining donor-acceptor cyanoarene-based photocatalysts with a chiral phosphoric acid, bifunctional catalysts have been designed. In preliminary proof-of-concept reactions, their use in both enantioselective energy transfer and photoredox catalysis is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessa B Rolka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nataliya Archipowa
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roger J Kutta
- Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hao H, Manßen M, Schafer LL. Tantalum ureate complexes for photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4928-4934. [PMID: 37181785 PMCID: PMC10171191 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a tantalum ureate pre-catalyst, photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation of unactivated alkenes with unprotected amines at room temperature is demonstrated. The combination of Ta(CH2SiMe3)3Cl2 and a ureate ligand with a saturated cyclic backbone resulted in this unique reactivity. Preliminary investigations of the reaction mechanism suggest that both the thermal and photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation reactions begin with N-H bond activation and subsequent metallaaziridine formation. However, a select tantalum ureate complex, through ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT), results in photocatalyzed homolytic metal-carbon bond cleavage and subsequent addition to unactivated alkene to afford the desired carbon-carbon bond formation. Origins of ligand effects on promoting homolytic metal-carbon bond cleavage are explored computationally to support enhanced ligand design efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Manfred Manßen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Klein SO, Baniahmad AA, Jung M. Photoreductive β-aminoalkylation with amino acids affords functionalized γ-aminoketones for nucleoside mimics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1971-1974. [PMID: 36722995 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We developed a facile photoreductive and stereoselective β-aminoalkylation of a crowded enone by blue LED light irradiation using a wide variety of α-amino acids in order to access 5'-amino substituted carbasugar nucleosides for SAM-based methyltransferase inhibitors. This photochemical method provides highly functionalized carbasugar mimics for nucleoside analogue synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian O Klein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adina A Baniahmad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lahdenperä ASK, Bacoş PD, Phipps RJ. Enantioselective Giese Additions of Prochiral α-Amino Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22451-22457. [PMID: 36454604 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Amines featuring an adjacent stereocenter are important building blocks, and recent years have seen remarkable growth in methods forming these via prochiral α-amino radical intermediates. However, very few can exert control over the newly formed stereocenter. We disclose a strategy to overcome this in the context of one of the most widely used radical carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, the Giese reaction. Incorporation of a removable basic heteroarene into the substrate enables a network of attractive noncovalent interactions between a phosphoric acid catalyst, the subsequently formed α-amino radical, and the Giese acceptor, allowing the catalyst to exert control during the C-C bond forming step. Deprotection of the products leads to analogues of γ-aminobutyric acid. We anticipate that this strategy will be applicable to other asymmetric radical transformations in which catalyst control is presently challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antti S K Lahdenperä
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - P David Bacoş
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Verma R, Jindal P, Prasad J, Kothari SL, Lamba NP, Dandia A, Khangarot RK, Chauhan MS. Recent Trends in Photocatalytic Enantioselective Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:48. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
He FS, Zhang C, Jiang M, Lou L, Wu J, Ye S. Access to chiral β-sulfonyl carbonyl compounds via photoinduced organocatalytic asymmetric radical sulfonylation with sulfur dioxide. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8834-8839. [PMID: 35975150 PMCID: PMC9350669 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An organocatalytic enantioselective radical reaction of potassium alkyltrifluoroborates, DABCO·(SO2)2 and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under photoinduced conditions is developed, which provides an efficient pathway for the synthesis of chiral β-sulfonyl carbonyl compounds in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee). Aside from α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with auxiliary groups, common chalcone substrates are also well compatible with this organocatalytic system. This method proceeds through an organocatalytic enantioselective radical sulfonylation under photoinduced conditions, and represents a rare example of asymmetric transformation involving sulfur dioxide insertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng He
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Minghui Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Lujun Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
| | - Shengqing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Deepake SK, Kumar M, Kumar P, DAS UTPAL. α‐Angelica Lactone Catalysed Oxidation of Pyrrolidines to Lactams. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth K Deepake
- National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Division of Organic Chemistry 411008 Pune INDIA
| | - Manish Kumar
- National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Division of Organic Chemistry 411008 Pune INDIA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Division of Organic Chemistry 411008 Pune INDIA
| | - UTPAL DAS
- National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Division of Organic Chemistry Pashan Road411008411008 411008 Pune INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hartley WC, Schiel F, Ermini E, Melchiorre P. Lewis Base‐Catalysed Enantioselective Radical Conjugate Addition for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Pyrrolidinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204735. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will C. Hartley
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Elena Ermini
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICREA— Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo F, Wang H, Ye X, Tan CH. Advanced Synthesis Using Photocatalysis Involved Dual Catalytic System. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Guo
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Hong Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences SINGAPORE
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hartley WC, Schiel F, Ermini E, Melchiorre P. Lewis Base‐Catalysed Enantioselective Radical Conjugate Addition for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Pyrrolidinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will C. Hartley
- ICIQ: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Iciq 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| | - Florian Schiel
- ICIQ: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Iciq 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| | - Elena Ermini
- ICIQ: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica iciq 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) ICIQ Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Selmani A, Schoetz MD, Queen AE, Schoenebeck F. Modularity in the C sp3 Space─Alkyl Germanes as Orthogonal Molecular Handles for Chemoselective Diversification. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Selmani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus D. Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adele E. Queen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Salaverri N, Carli B, Díaz-Tendero S, Marzo L, Alemán J. Enantioselective Addition of Remote Alkyl Radicals to Double Bonds by Photocatalytic Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) Deconstruction of Unstrained Cycloalkanols. Org Lett 2022; 24:3123-3127. [PMID: 35362991 PMCID: PMC9087350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we report
the enantioselective addition of remote alkyl
radicals, generated from the ring opening of unstrained cycloalkanols
by a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process, to 2-acyl imidazoles
previously coordinated to a rhodium-based chiral Lewis acid. High
yields and enantioselectivites up to 99% are achieved in 1 h. Mechanistic
investigations support the formation of the remote alkyl radical by
a PCET process, and theoretical studies explain the observed stereochemistry
in the addition step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Salaverri
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (Módulo 1), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benedetta Carli
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (Módulo 1), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química (Módulo 13), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leyre Marzo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (Módulo 1), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (Módulo 1), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang H, Huang Z, Lehnherr D, Lam YH, Ren S, Strotman NA. Efficient Aliphatic Hydrogen-Isotope Exchange with Tritium Gas through the Merger of Photoredox and Hydrogenation Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5010-5022. [PMID: 35263094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Employment of a combination of an organophotoredox catalyst with Wilkinson's catalyst (Rh(PPh3)3Cl) has given rise to an unprecedented method for hydrogen-isotope exchange (HIE) of aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds of complex pharmaceuticals using T2 gas directly. Wilkinson's catalyst, commonly used for catalytic hydrogenations, was exploited as a precatalyst for activation of D2 or T2 and hydrogen atom transfer. In this combined methodology and mechanistic study, we demonstrate that by coupling photocatalysis with Rh catalysis, carbon-centered radicals generated via photoredox catalysis can be intercepted by Rh-hydride intermediates to deliver an effective hydrogen atom donor for hydrogen-isotope labeling of complex molecules in one step. By optimizing the ratio of the photocatalyst and Wilkinson's catalyst to balance the rate of the dual catalytic cycles, we can achieve efficient HIE and high recovery yield. This protocol was readily applied to direct HIE of C(sp3)-H bonds in 10 complex drug molecules, showing high isotope incorporation efficiency and exceptionally good functional group tolerance and demonstrating this approach as a practical and attractive labeling method for deuteration and tritiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yang
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zheng Huang
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yu-Hong Lam
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sumei Ren
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Neil A Strotman
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Corcé V, Ollivier C, Fensterbank L. Boron, silicon, nitrogen and sulfur-based contemporary precursors for the generation of alkyl radicals by single electron transfer and their synthetic utilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1470-1510. [PMID: 35113115 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the use of boron, silicon, nitrogen and sulfur derivatives in single-electron transfer reactions for the generation of alkyl radicals are described. Photoredox catalyzed, electrochemistry promoted or thermally-induced oxidative and reductive processes are discussed highlighting their synthetic scope and discussing their mechanistic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Corcé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Cyril Ollivier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Genzink MJ, Kidd JB, Swords WB, Yoon TP. Chiral Photocatalyst Structures in Asymmetric Photochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1654-1716. [PMID: 34606251 PMCID: PMC8792375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis is a major theme of research in contemporary synthetic organic chemistry. The discovery of general strategies for highly enantioselective photochemical reactions, however, has been a relatively recent development, and the variety of photoreactions that can be conducted in a stereocontrolled manner is consequently somewhat limited. Asymmetric photocatalysis is complicated by the short lifetimes and high reactivities characteristic of photogenerated reactive intermediates; the design of catalyst architectures that can provide effective enantiodifferentiating environments for these intermediates while minimizing the participation of uncontrolled racemic background processes has proven to be a key challenge for progress in this field. This review provides a summary of the chiral catalyst structures that have been studied for solution-phase asymmetric photochemistry, including chiral organic sensitizers, inorganic chromophores, and soluble macromolecules. While some of these photocatalysts are derived from privileged catalyst structures that are effective for both ground-state and photochemical transformations, others are structural designs unique to photocatalysis and offer insight into the logic required for highly effective stereocontrolled photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Genzink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jesse B Kidd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced transition metal catalysis has emerged as a new paradigm in organic photocatalysis, which has led to the discovery of unprecedented transformations as well as the improvement of known reactions. In this subfield of photocatalysis, a transition metal complex serves a double duty by harvesting photon energy and then enabling bond forming/breaking events mostly via a single catalytic cycle, thus contrasting the established dual photocatalysis in which an exogenous photosensitizer is employed. In addition, this approach often synergistically combines catalyst-substrate interaction with photoinduced process, a feature that is uncommon in conventional photoredox chemistry. This Review describes the early development and recent advances of this emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Prieto A, Jaroschik F. Recent Applications of Rare Earth Complexes in Photoredox Catalysis for Organic
Synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666211126123928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
In recent years, photoredox catalysis has appeared as a new paradigm for forging a
wide range of chemical bonds under mild conditions using abundant reagents. This approach
allows many organic transformations through the generation of various radical species, enabling
the valorization of non-traditional partners. A continuing interest has been devoted to
the discovery of novel radical-generating procedures. Over the last ten years, strategies using
rare-earth complexes as either redox-active centers or as redox-neutral Lewis acids have
emerged. This review provides an overview of the recent accomplishments made in this field.
It especially aims to demonstrate the utility of rare-earth complexes for ensuring photocatalytic
transformations and to inspire future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Prieto
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lian P, Li R, Wang L, Wan X, Xiang Z, Wan X. Photoredox aerobic oxidation of unreactive amine derivatives through LMCT excitation of copper dichloride. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the chlorine radical as a HAT catalyst, a versatile oxidation system for unreactive amines has been well established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zixin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
del Río-Rodríguez R, Westwood M, SICIGNANO MARINA, Juhl M, Fernandez-Salas JAA, Aleman J, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalysed Enantioselective Radical Conjugate Addition under Batch and Flow Conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7277-7280. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic generation of α-amino radicals is combined with chiral isothiourea derived α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium intermediates. The reaction proceeds via a [3+2] radical-polar crossover mechanism to generate γ-lactams in good...
Collapse
|
27
|
Cheng X, Li D, Yang B, Lin Y, Gong L. Recent Advances in Visible-Light Photocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis Enabled by Chiral Lewis Acids. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
28
|
Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent‐Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine‐Derived α‐Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry UCL (University College London) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent-Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine-Derived α-Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24116-24123. [PMID: 34449968 PMCID: PMC8597041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A reagent-controlled stereodivergent carbocyclisation of aryl aldimine-derived, photocatalytically generated, α-amino radicals possessing adjacent conjugated alkenes, affording either bicyclic or tetracyclic products, is described. Under net reductive conditions using commercial Hantzsch ester, the α-amino radical species underwent a single stereoselective cyclisation to give trans-configured amino-indane structures in good yield, whereas using a substituted Hantzsch ester as a milder reductant afforded cis-fused tetracyclic tetrahydroquinoline frameworks, resulting from two consecutive radical cyclisations. Judicious choice of the reaction conditions allowed libraries of both single and dual cyclisation products to be synthesised with high selectivity, notable predictability, and good-to-excellent yields. Computational analysis employing DFT revealed the reaction pathway and mechanistic rationale behind this finely balanced yet readily controlled photocatalytic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological ChemistryUCL (University College London)School of Pharmacy29–39 Brunswick SquareLondonWC1N 1AXUK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu W, Wang H, Chen J, Bao X, Tan C, Ye X. Dicyanopyrazine‐derived Chromophore as An Efficient Photocatalyst for α‐amino C‐H Bond Functionalization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoze Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Choon‐Hong Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Xinyi Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Thierry T, Pfund E, Lequeux T. Metal-Free Aminomethylation of Aromatic Sulfones Promoted by Eosin Y. Chemistry 2021; 27:14826-14830. [PMID: 34464004 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free α-aminomethylation of heteroaryls promoted by eosin Y under green light irradiation is reported. A large variety of α-trimethylsilylamines as precursor of α-aminomethyl radical species were engaged to functionalize sulfonyl-heteroaryls following a Homolytic Aromatic Substitution (HAS) pathway. This method has provided a range of α-aminoheteroaryl compounds including a functionalized natural product. The mechanism of this late-stage functionalization of aryls was investigated and suggests the formation of a sulfonyl radical intermediate over a reductive quenching cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Thierry
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique LCMT UMR 6507 ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 Bd. du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Pfund
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique LCMT UMR 6507 ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 Bd. du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Thierry Lequeux
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique LCMT UMR 6507 ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 Bd. du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shen Y, Rovis T. Late-Stage N-Me Selective Arylation of Trialkylamines Enabled by Ni/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16364-16369. [PMID: 34590864 PMCID: PMC8862118 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The diversity and wide availability of trialkylamines render them ideal sources for rapid construction of complex amine architectures. Herein, we report that a nickel/photoredox dual catalysis strategy affects site-selective α-arylation of various trialkylamines. Our catalytic system shows exclusive N-Me selectivity with a wide range of trialkylamines under mild conditions, even in the context of late-stage arylation of pharmaceutical compounds bearing this common structural motif. Mechanistic studies indicate the unconventional behavior of Ni catalyst upon intercepting the α-amino radicals, in which only the primary α-amino radical undergoes a successful cross-coupling process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu Z, Gockel SN, Hull KL. Anti-Markovnikov hydro(amino)alkylation of vinylarenes via photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5956. [PMID: 34642311 PMCID: PMC8511241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis is a powerful means to generate odd-electron species under mild reaction conditions from a wide array of radical precursors. Herein, we present the application of this powerful catalytic manifold to address the hydroalkylation and hydroaminoalkylation of electronically diverse vinylarenes. This reaction allows for generalized alkene hydroalkylation leveraging common alkyl radical precursors, such as organotrifluoroborate salts and carboxylic acids. Furthermore, utilizing easily accessible α-silyl amine reagents or tertiary amines directly, secondary and tertiary amine moieties can be installed onto monoaryl and diaryl alkenes to access valuable products, including γ,γ-diarylamines pharmacophores. Thus, under a unified system, both hydroalkylation and hydroaminoalkylation of alkenes are achieved. The substrate scope is evaluated through 57 examples, the synthetic utility of the method is demonstrated, and preliminary mechanistic insights are presented. Many useful chemical scaffolds include carbon or nitrogen substitutions at two or three atoms away from benzene. Here, the authors show a unified hydroalkylation and hydroaminoalkylation protocol to access these structures via a regioselective photocatalytic addition to simple styrenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Samuel N Gockel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kami L Hull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gant Kanegusuku AL, Roizen JL. Recent Advances in Photoredox-Mediated Radical Conjugate Addition Reactions: An Expanding Toolkit for the Giese Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21116-21149. [PMID: 33629454 PMCID: PMC8382814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photomediated Giese reactions are at the forefront of radical chemistry, much like the classical tin-mediated Giese reactions were nearly forty years ago. With the global recognition of organometallic photocatalysts for the mild and tunable generation of carbon-centered radicals, chemists have developed a torrent of strategies to form previously inaccessible radical intermediates that are capable of engaging in intermolecular conjugate addition reactions. This Review summarizes advances in photoredox-mediated Giese reactions since 2013, with a focus on the breadth of methods that provide access to crucial carbon-centered radical intermediates that can engage in radical conjugate addition processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, NC, 27708-0354, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Visible-light photoredox-promoted desilylative allylation of α-silylamines: An efficient route to synthesis of homoallylic amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
36
|
Xiong T, Zhang Q. Recent advances in the direct construction of enantioenriched stereocenters through addition of radicals to internal alkenes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8857-8873. [PMID: 34279014 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00208b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of new synthetic methods involving radical intermediates to control the absolute configuration of newly formed stereocenters has seen unprecedented growth in the past few decades. Despite significant advances in this topic, catalytic asymmetric direct construction of stereocenters through addition of radicals to internal alkenes is of special interest due to its potential to simultaneously build (more than) two consecutive stereogenic centers. Methodologies such as chiral Lewis acid catalysis, organocatalysis, and transition metal catalysis have been successfully leveraged to exert enantiocontrol in this challenging domain. This tutorial review highlights the recent significant progress in the realm of rapidly and conveniently building enantioenriched stereocenters via addition of radicals to internal alkenes, with an emphasis on mechanistic scenarios governing the absolute stereochemistry and unmet challenges in this emerging and promising field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ghosh KG, Das D, Chandu P, Sureshkumar D. Visible‐Light Driven Organo‐photocatalyzed Multicomponent Reaction for C(
sp
3
)−H Alkylation of Phosphoramides with
in situ
Generated Michael Acceptors. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Gopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dong X, Li QY, Yoon TP. Enantioselective Synthesis of γ-Oxycarbonyl Motifs by Conjugate Addition of Photogenerated α-Alkoxy Radicals. Org Lett 2021; 23:5703-5708. [PMID: 34296877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective catalytic Giese addition of photogenerated α-alkoxy radicals to acyl pyrazolidinones can be accomplished using a tandem Sc(III) Lewis acid/photoredox catalyst system. Surprisingly, the excited-state oxidation potential was not the only important variable, and the optimal photocatalyst was not the strongest oxidant screened. Our results show that both the oxidation and reduction potentials of the photocatalyst can be important for the reaction outcome, highlighting the importance of holistic considerations in designing photochemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qi Yukki Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bell JD, Murphy JA. Recent advances in visible light-activated radical coupling reactions triggered by (i) ruthenium, (ii) iridium and (iii) organic photoredox agents. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9540-9685. [PMID: 34309610 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox chemistry with organic or transition metal agents has been reviewed in earlier years, but such is the pace of progress that we will overlap very little with earlier comprehensive reviews. This review first presents an overview of the area of research and then examines recent examples of C-C, C-N, C-O and C-S bond formations via radical intermediates with transition metal and organic radical promoters. Recent successes with Birch reductions are also included. The transition metal chemistry will be restricted to photocatalysts based on the most widely used metals, Ru and Ir, but includes coupling chemistries that take advantage of low-valent nickel, or occasionally copper, complexes to process the radicals that are formed. Our focus is on developments in the past 10 years (2011-2021). This period has also seen great advances in the chemistry of organic photoredox reagents and the review covers this area. The review is intended to present highlights and is not comprehensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Bell
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gant Kanegusuku AL, Roizen JL. Recent Advances in Photoredox‐Mediated Radical Conjugate Addition Reactions: An Expanding Toolkit for the Giese Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L. Roizen
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Box 90346 Durham NC 27708-0354 USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hahm H, Kim J, Ryoo JY, Han MS, Hong S. Photocatalytic carbocarboxylation of styrenes with CO 2 for the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric esters. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6301-6312. [PMID: 34212945 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00866h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free photoredox-catalyzed carbocarboxylation of various styrenes with carbon dioxide (CO2) and amines to obtain γ-aminobutyric ester derivatives has been developed (up to 91% yield, 36 examples). The radical anion of (2,3,4,6)-3-benzyl-2,4,5,6-tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (4CzBnBN) possessing a high reduction potential (-1.72 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)) easily reduces both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing group-substituted styrenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Yup Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Su Han
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea. and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Connon R, Roche B, Rokade BV, Guiry PJ. Further Developments and Applications of Oxazoline-Containing Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6373-6521. [PMID: 34019404 PMCID: PMC8277118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chiral oxazoline motif is present in many ligands that have been extensively applied in a series of important metal-catalyzed enantioselective reactions. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most significant applications of oxazoline-containing ligands reported in the literature starting from 2009 until the end of 2018. The ligands are classified not by the reaction to which their metal complexes have been applied but by the nature of the denticity, chirality, and donor atoms involved. As a result, the continued development of ligand architectural design from mono(oxazolines), to bis(oxazolines), to tris(oxazolines) and tetra(oxazolines) and variations thereof can be more easily monitored by the reader. In addition, the key transition states of selected asymmetric transformations will be given to illustrate the features that give rise to high levels of asymmetric induction. As a further aid to the reader, we summarize the majority of schemes with representative examples that highlight the variation in % yields and % ees for carefully selected substrates. This Review should be of particular interest to the experts in the field but also serve as a useful starting point to new researchers in this area. It is hoped that this Review will stimulate both the development/design of new ligands and their applications in novel metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Connon
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - Brendan Roche
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - Balaji V. Rokade
- BiOrbic
Research Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
- BiOrbic
Research Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hahm H, Baek D, Kim D, Park S, Ryoo JY, Hong S. Photoredox-Catalyzed α-Aminoalkylcarboxylation of Allenes with CO 2. Org Lett 2021; 23:3879-3884. [PMID: 33913718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The photoredox-catalyzed α-aminoalkylcarboxylation of aryl allenes with CO2 and N,N-dimethylanilines is reported for the first time (26 examples, up to 96% yield). In the case of electron-deficient allenes, good regioselectivity was observed (up to 94:6), exclusively generating kinetic products over thermodynamic products. This protocol is a novel synthetic method for highly functionalized β,γ-unsaturated γ-aminobutyric esters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Doohyun Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwook Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yup Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhou L, Wei S, Lei Z, Zhu G, Zhang Z. Transition-Metal-Free α Csp 3 -H Cyanation of Sulfonamides. Chemistry 2021; 27:7103-7107. [PMID: 33769613 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the site-selective α-functionalization of sulfonylamide derivatives through the in-situ generation of imine intermediates. The N-F sulfonylamides, which could facilitate the elimination to generate imines, are coupled with TBACN to efficiently and mildly afford α-amino cyanides. Comparing with Strecker reaction, this transformation offers a complementary strategy to efficiently construct α-amino cyanides from direct α C-H functionalization of sulfonylamindes. The reaction is also characterized by broad substrate scope and flash chromatography column free workup. More importantly, the new two-electron pathway to generate imines through manipulation of the leaving group allows us to achieve excellent α site-selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Ziran Lei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pokluda A, Anwar Z, Boguschová V, Anusiewicz I, Skurski P, Sikorski M, Cibulka R. Robust Photocatalytic Method Using Ethylene‐Bridged Flavinium Salts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Unactivated Benzylic Substrates. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pokluda
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Zubair Anwar
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61–614 Poznań Poland
| | - Veronika Boguschová
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Iwona Anusiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80–308 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Piotr Skurski
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80–308 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61–614 Poznań Poland
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zheng L, Cai L, Tao K, Xie Z, Lai Y, Guo W. Progress in Photoinduced Radical Reactions using Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Liuhuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Kailiang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Yin‐Long Lai
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering Shaoguan University Shaoguan 512005 P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Le Saux E, Ma D, Bonilla P, Holden CM, Lustosa D, Melchiorre P. A General Organocatalytic System for Enantioselective Radical Conjugate Additions to Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5357-5362. [PMID: 33283919 PMCID: PMC7986922 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general iminium ion-based catalytic method for the enantioselective conjugate addition of carbon-centered radicals to aliphatic and aromatic enals. The process uses an organic photoredox catalyst, which absorbs blue light to generate radicals from stable precursors, in combination with a chiral amine catalyst, which secures a consistently high level of stereoselectivity. The generality of this catalytic platform is demonstrated by the stereoselective interception of a wide variety of radicals, including non-stabilized primary ones which are generally difficult to engage in asymmetric processes. The system also served to develop organocatalytic cascade reactions that combine an iminium-ion-based radical trap with an enamine-mediated step, affording stereochemically dense chiral products in one-step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Le Saux
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvenida Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Dengke Ma
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvenida Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Pablo Bonilla
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvenida Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Catherine M. Holden
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvenida Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Danilo Lustosa
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvenida Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICREA-Passeig Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvenida Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ghosh KG, Das D, Chandu P, Sureshkumar D. Visible-Light-Driven Organophotocatalyzed Mono-, Di-, and Tri-C(sp 3)-H Alkylation of Phosphoramides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2644-2657. [PMID: 33440934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic metal-free, visible-light-driven, highly atom-economic, direct multiple α-C(sp3)-H alkylation of phosphoramides and thiophosphoramides is demonstrated under environmentally benign conditions. Economically viable and commercially available Eosin-Y is used as an HAT photocatalyst for mono-α-C(sp3)-H alkylation of phosphoramide derivatives. Remarkably, di- and tri-C(sp3)-H alkylation of phosphoramides and thiophosphoramides using an acridinium photocatalyst is reported with good yield and selectivity. Mechanistic studies reveal that monoalkylation of phosphoramides by Eosin-Y follows the HAT mechanism, whereas di- and tri-C(sp3)-H alkylation by the acridinium photocatalyst follows the SET mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Gopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal741246, India
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal741246, India
| | - Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal741246, India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal741246, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhao H, Ni N, Li X, Cheng D, Xu X. The coupling reaction of α-silylamines with Baylis-Hillman adducts by visible light photoredox catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
50
|
Chang Y, Cao M, Chan JZ, Zhao C, Wang Y, Yang R, Wasa M. Enantioselective Synthesis of N-Alkylamines through β-Amino C-H Functionalization Promoted by Cooperative Actions of B(C 6F 5) 3 and a Chiral Lewis Acid Co-Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2441-2455. [PMID: 33512998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We disclose a catalytic method for β-C(sp3)-H functionalization of N-alkylamines for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched β-substituted amines, entities prevalent in pharmaceutical compounds and used to generate different families of chiral catalysts. We demonstrate that a catalyst system comprising of seemingly competitive Lewis acids, B(C6F5)3, and a chiral Mg- or Sc-based complex, promotes the highly enantioselective union of N-alkylamines and α,β-unsaturated compounds. An array of δ-amino carbonyl compounds was synthesized under redox-neutral conditions by enantioselective reaction of a N-alkylamine-derived enamine and an electrophile activated by the chiral Lewis acid co-catalyst. The utility of the approach is highlighted by late-stage β-C-H functionalization of bioactive amines. Investigations in regard to the mechanistic nuances of the catalytic processes are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jessica Z Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Cunyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yuankai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Rose Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Masayuki Wasa
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| |
Collapse
|