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Pei LQ, Horsley JR, Seng JW, Liu X, Yeoh YQ, Yu MX, Wu XH, Abell AD, Zheng JF, Zhou XS, Yu J, Jin S. Mechanically Induced Switching between Two Discrete Conductance States: A Potential Single-Molecule Variable Resistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57646-57653. [PMID: 34797047 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of solid-state single-molecule switches with high on-off conductance ratios has been proposed to advance conventional technology in areas such as molecular electronics. Herein, we employed the scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) technique to modulate conductance in single-molecule junctions using mechanically induced stretching. Compound 1a possesses two dihydrobenzothiophene (DHBT) anchoring groups at the opposite ends linked with rigid alkyne side arms to form a gold-molecule-gold junction, while 1b contains 4-pyridine-anchoring groups. The incorporation of ferrocene into the backbone of each compound allows rotational freedom to the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings to give two distinct conductance states (high and low) for each. Various control experiments and suspended junction compression/retraction measurements indicate that these high- and low-conductance plateaus are the results of conformational changes within the junctions (extended and folded states) brought about by mechanically induced stretching. A high-low switching factor of 42 was achieved for 1a, whereas an exceptional conductance ratio in excess of 2 orders of magnitude (205) was observed for 1b. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest experimental on-off conductance switching ratio for a single-molecule junction exploiting the mechanically induced STM-BJ method. Computational studies indicated that the two disparate conductance states observed for 1a and 1b result from mechanically induced conformational changes due to an interplay between conductance and the dihedral angles associated with the electrode-molecule interfaces. Our study reveals the structure-function relationship that determines conductance in such flexible and dynamic systems and promotes the development of a single-molecule variable resistor with high on-off switching factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - John R Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jing-Wen Seng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yuan Qi Yeoh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ming-Xia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Sadeghi H. Quantum and Phonon Interference-Enhanced Molecular-Scale Thermoelectricity. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:12556-12562. [PMID: 32064012 PMCID: PMC7011773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous engineering of electron and phonon transport through nanoscale molecular junctions is fundamental to the development of high-performance thermoelectric materials for the conversion of waste heat into electricity and cooling. Here, we demonstrate a systematic improvement of the room-temperature thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of molecular junctions. This is achieved by phonon interference (PI)-suppressed thermal conductance and quantum interference-enhanced electrical conductance and Seebeck coefficient. This strategy leads to a significant enhancement of ZT from low values ca. 10-6 in oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) (OPE2) to the record values of 2.4 in dinitro-functionalized OPE2 (DOPE2). The dinitro functionalization also considerably enhances ZT of biphenyl-dithiol (BDT) and bipyridyl molecular junctions. Remarkably, the energy levels of electron-withdrawing nitro groups are hardly changed from one molecule to the other. Because of this generic feature, a resonance transport in the vicinity of Fermi energy of electrodes is formed leading to a significant improvement of Seebeck coefficient and ZT of all derivatives. For example, the Seebeck coefficient enhances from 10.8 μV/K in BDT to -470 μV/K in dinitro-BDT (DBDT). In addition, destructive PI due to the nitro groups suppresses phonon thermal conductance, for example, from 20 pW/K in BDT to 11 pW/K in DBDT at room temperature. We also demonstrate that quantum and PI-enhanced single-molecule thermoelectric efficiency is conserved when parallel molecules are placed between gold electrodes. These results promise to remove the key roadblocks and open new avenues to exploit functionalized organic molecules for thermoelectric energy harvesting and cooling.
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Investigation of the charge transport in model single molecule junctions based on expanded bipyridinium molecular conductors. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mrinalini M, Pathak SS, Achary BS, Panchakarla LS, Prasanthkumar S. Voltage Stimulated Anion Binding of Metalloporphyrin-induced Crystalline 2D Nanoflakes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:537-541. [PMID: 30632278 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-stimulated redox-active materials have received significant attention in the field of organic electronics and sensor technology. Such stimuli-responsive materials trigger the formation of crystalline nanostructures and facilitate the design of efficient smart devices hitherto unknown. Herein, we report that free-base and metallo-tetratolylporphyrin-linked ferrocene derivatives (H2 TTP-Fc and ZnTTP-Fc) undergo distinct proton/anion binding mechanism in CHCl3 during bulk electrolysis at applied voltage of 1.4 V to give [H4 TTP-Fc]+ Cl- and H+ [(Cl)ZnTTP-Fc]- followed by nanospheres and crystalline 2D nanoflakes formation, confirmed by SEM and TEM images, by methanol vapor diffusion (MVD) approach. Moreover, X-ray diffraction analysis suggest that protonated H2 TTP-Fc aggregates exhibit amorphous nature, whereas H+ [(Cl)ZnTTP-Fc]- depict crystalline nature from layer-by-layer arrangement of nanoflakes assisted by π-π stacking and ion-dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoori Mrinalini
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-, 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil Swaroop Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, Maharastra, India
| | - B Shivaprasad Achary
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Leela S Panchakarla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, Maharastra, India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-, 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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Sangtarash S, Vezzoli A, Sadeghi H, Ferri N, O'Brien HM, Grace I, Bouffier L, Higgins SJ, Nichols RJ, Lambert CJ. Gateway state-mediated, long-range tunnelling in molecular wires. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3060-3067. [PMID: 29376529 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07243k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
If the factors controlling the decay in single-molecule electrical conductance G with molecular length L could be understood and controlled, then this would be a significant step forward in the design of high-conductance molecular wires. For a wide variety of molecules conducting by phase coherent tunnelling, conductance G decays with length following the relationship G = Ae-βL. It is widely accepted that the attenuation coefficient β is determined by the position of the Fermi energy of the electrodes relative to the energy of frontier orbitals of the molecular bridge, whereas the terminal anchor groups which bind to the molecule to the electrodes contribute to the pre-exponential factor A. We examine this premise for several series of molecules which contain a central conjugated moiety (phenyl, viologen or α-terthiophene) connected on either side to alkane chains of varying length, with each end terminated by thiol or thiomethyl anchor groups. In contrast with this expectation, we demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that additional electronic states located on thiol anchor groups can significantly decrease the value of β, by giving rise to resonances close to EF through coupling to the bridge moiety. This interplay between the gateway states and their coupling to a central conjugated moiety in the molecular bridges creates a new design strategy for realising higher-transmission molecular wires by taking advantage of the electrode-molecule interface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sangtarash
- Quantum Technology Centre, Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK.
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Correlation of electrochemical properties of expanded pyridinium compounds with their single molecule conductance. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Striepe L, Vespa M, Baumgartner T. Synthesis and properties of electron accepting star-shaped phosphaviologen oligomers. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00872k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward synthetic route toward redox-active tri- and tetrastar phosphaviologen oligomers that show the intriguing ability of storing up to 8 electrons is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Striepe
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive Northwest
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Marcus Vespa
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive Northwest
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive Northwest
- Calgary
- Canada
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8
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Photocatalysis of viologens for photoinitiated polymerization using carboxylic acid as electron donors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Liu R, Wang CK, Li ZL. A method to study electronic transport properties of molecular junction: one-dimension transmission combined with three-dimension correction approximation (OTCTCA). Sci Rep 2016; 6:21946. [PMID: 26911451 PMCID: PMC4766509 DOI: 10.1038/srep21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the ab initio calculation, a method of one-dimension transmission combined with three-dimension correction approximation (OTCTCA) is developed to investigate electron-transport properties of molecular junctions. The method considers that the functional molecule provides a spatial distribution of effective potential field for the electronic transport. The electrons are injected from one electrode by bias voltage, then transmit through the potential field around the functional molecule, at last are poured into the other electrode with a specific transmission probability which is calculated from one-dimension Schrödinger equation combined with three-dimension correction. The electron-transport properties of alkane diamines and 4, 4′-bipyridine molecular junctions are studied by applying OTCTCA method. The numerical results show that the conductance obviously exponentially decays with the increase of molecular length. When stretching molecular junctions, steps with a certain width are presented in conductance traces. Especially, in stretching process of 4, 4′-bipyridine molecular junction, if the terminal N atom is broken from flat part of electrode tip and exactly there is a surface Au atom on the tip nearby the N atom, the molecule generally turns to absorb on the surface Au atom, which further results in another lower conductance step in the traces as the experimental probing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zong-Liang Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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Sangtarash S, Huang C, Sadeghi H, Sorohhov G, Hauser J, Wandlowski T, Hong W, Decurtins S, Liu SX, Lambert CJ. Searching the Hearts of Graphene-like Molecules for Simplicity, Sensitivity, and Logic. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11425-31. [PMID: 26288219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
If quantum interference patterns in the hearts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons could be isolated and manipulated, then a significant step toward realizing the potential of single-molecule electronics would be achieved. Here we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that a simple, parameter-free, analytic theory of interference patterns evaluated at the mid-point of the HOMO-LUMO gap (referred to as M-functions) correctly predicts conductance ratios of molecules with pyrene, naphthalene, anthracene, anthanthrene, or azulene hearts. M-functions provide new design strategies for identifying molecules with phase-coherent logic functions and enhancing the sensitivity of molecular-scale interferometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sangtarash
- Quantum Technology Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Quantum Technology Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Gleb Sorohhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wenjing Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Quantum Technology Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
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Kotiuga M, Darancet P, Arroyo CR, Venkataraman L, Neaton JB. Adsorption-Induced Solvent-Based Electrostatic Gating of Charge Transport through Molecular Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4498-4503. [PMID: 26066095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have shown that transport properties of molecular-scale devices can be reversibly altered by the surrounding solvent. Here, we use a combination of first-principles calculations and experiment to explain this change in transport properties through a shift in the local electrostatic potential at the junction caused by nearby conducting and solvent molecules chemically bound to the electrodes. This effect is found to alter the conductance of 4,4'-bipyridine-gold junctions by more than 50%. Moreover, we develop a general electrostatic model that quantitatively relates the conductance and dipoles associated with the bound solvent and conducting molecules. Our work shows that solvent-induced effects can be used to control charge and energy transport at molecular-scale interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Kotiuga
- †Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- ‡Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- ‡Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- §Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Carlos R Arroyo
- §Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- △Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolqui, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- §Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- †Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- ‡Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- ∥Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Osorio HM, Martín S, López MC, Marqués-González S, Higgins SJ, Nichols RJ, Low PJ, Cea P. Electrical characterization of single molecule and Langmuir-Blodgett monomolecular films of a pyridine-terminated oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivative. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1145-57. [PMID: 26171291 PMCID: PMC4464395 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)benzene (1) together with the "STM touch-to-contact" method have been used to study the nature of metal-monolayer-metal junctions in which the pyridyl group provides the contact at both molecule-surface interfaces. Surface pressure vs area per molecule isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy images indicate that 1 forms true monolayers at the air-water interface. LB films of 1 were fabricated by deposition of the Langmuir films onto solid supports resulting in monolayers with surface coverage of 0.98 × 10(-9) mol·cm(-2). The morphology of the LB films that incorporate compound 1 was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images indicate the formation of homogeneous, monomolecular films at a surface pressure of transference of 16 mN·m(-1). The UV-vis spectra of the Langmuir and LB films reveal that 1 forms two dimensional J-aggregates. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), in particular the "STM touch-to-contact" method, was used to determine the electrical properties of LB films of 1. From these STM studies symmetrical I-V curves were obtained. A junction conductance of 5.17 × 10(-5) G 0 results from the analysis of the pseudolinear (ohmic) region of the I-V curves. This value is higher than that of the conductance values of LB films of phenylene-ethynylene derivatives contacted by amines, thiols, carboxylate, trimethylsilylethynyl or acetylide groups. In addition, the single molecule I-V curve of 1 determined using the I(s) method is in good agreement with the I-V curve obtained for the LB film, and both curves fit well with the Simmons model. Together, these results not only indicate that the mechanism of transport through these metal-molecule-metal junctions is non-resonant tunneling, but that lateral interactions between molecules within the LB film do not strongly influence the molecule conductance. The results presented here complement earlier studies of single molecule conductance of 1 using STM-BJ methods, and support the growing evidence that the pyridyl group is an efficient and effective anchoring group in sandwiched metal-monolayer-metal junctions prepared under a number of different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrry Marcelo Osorio
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA) C/Mariano Esquilor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Carmen López
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Simon J Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Low
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Pilar Cea
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA) C/Mariano Esquilor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Schwarz F, Lörtscher E. Break-junctions for investigating transport at the molecular scale. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:474201. [PMID: 25352355 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/47/474201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Break-junctions (BJs) enable a pair of atomic-sized electrodes to be created and the relative position between them to be controlled with sub-nanometer accuracy by mechanical means-a level of microscopic control that is not yet achievable by top-down fabrication. Locally, a BJ consists of a single-atom contact, an arrangement that is ideal not only to study various types of quantum point contacts, but also to investigate transport through an individual molecule that can bridge such a junction. In this topical review, we will provide a broad overview on the field of single-molecule electronics, in which BJs serve as the main tool of investigation. To correlate the molecular structure and transport properties to gain a fundamental understanding of the underlying transport mechanisms at the molecular scale, basic experiments that systematically cover all aspects of transport by rational chemical design and tailored experiments are needed. The variety of fascinating transport mechanisms and intrinsic molecular functionalities discovered in the past range from nonlinear transport over conductance switching to quantum interference effects observable even at room temperature. Beside discussing these results, we also look at novel directions and the most recent advances in molecular electronics investigating simultaneously electronic transport and also the mechanical and thermal properties of single-molecule junctions as well as the interaction between molecules and light. Finally, we will describe the requirements for a stepwise transition from fundamental BJ experiments towards technology-relevant architectures for future nanoelectronics applications based on ultimately-scaled molecular building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schwarz
- IBM Research-Zurich, Department of Science and Technology, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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14
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Moreira RA, de Melo CP. On the separability of the extended molecule: Constructing the best localized molecular orbitals for an organic molecule bridging two model electrodes. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:124712. [PMID: 25273466 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on a quantum chemical valence formalism that allows the rigorous construction of best-localized molecular orbitals on specific parts of an extended system, we examined the separability of individual components of model systems relevant to the description of electron transport in molecular devices. We started by examining how to construct the maximally localized electronic density at the tip of a realistic model of a gold electrode. By varying the number of gold atoms included in the local region where to project the total electronic density, we quantitatively assess how many molecular orbitals are entirely localized in that region. We then considered a 1,4-benzene-di-thiol molecule connected to two model gold electrodes and examined how to localize the electronic density of the total system in the extended molecule, a fractional entity comprising the organic molecule plus an increasing number of the closest metal atoms. We were able to identify in a rigorous manner the existence of three physically different electronic populations, each one corresponding to a distinct set of molecular orbitals. First, there are those entirely localized in the extended molecule, then there is a second group of those completely distributed in the gold atoms external to that region, and, finally, there are those delocalized over the entire system. This latter group can be associated to the shared electronic population between the extended molecule and the rest of the system. We suggest that the treatment here presented could be useful in the theoretical analysis of the electronic transport in nanodevices whenever the use of localized molecular states are required by the physics of the specific problem, such as in cases of weak coupling and super-exchange limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Moreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Celso P de Melo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE 50670-901, Brazil
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Kim T, Darancet P, Widawsky JR, Kotiuga M, Quek SY, Neaton JB, Venkataraman L. Determination of energy level alignment and coupling strength in 4,4'-bipyridine single-molecule junctions. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:794-8. [PMID: 24446585 DOI: 10.1021/nl404143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We measure conductance and thermopower of single Au-4,4'-bipyridine-Au junctions in distinct low and high conductance binding geometries accessed by modulating the electrode separation. We use these data to determine the electronic energy level alignment and coupling strength for these junctions, which are known to conduct through the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Contrary to intuition, we find that, in the high-conductance junction, the LUMO resonance energy is further away from the Au Fermi energy than in the low-conductance junction. However, the LUMO of the high-conducting junction is better coupled to the electrode. These results are in good quantitative agreement with self-energy corrected zero-bias density functional theory calculations. Our calculations show further that measurements of conductance and thermopower in amine-terminated oligophenyl-Au junctions, where conduction occurs through the highest occupied molecular orbitals, cannot be used to extract electronic parameters as their transmission functions do not follow a simple Lorentzian form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekyeong Kim
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University , 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Sun L, Diaz-Fernandez YA, Gschneidtner TA, Westerlund F, Lara-Avila S, Moth-Poulsen K. Single-molecule electronics: from chemical design to functional devices. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7378-411. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of single molecules in electronics represents the next limit of miniaturisation of electronic devices, which would enable to continue the trend of aggressive downscaling of silicon-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Yuri A. Diaz-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Tina A. Gschneidtner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Samuel Lara-Avila
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology
- MC2
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
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17
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Bâldea I. Transition voltage spectroscopy reveals significant solvent effects on molecular transport and settles an important issue in bipyridine-based junctions. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9222-9230. [PMID: 23933675 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr51290h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Results of a seminal study (B. Xu and N. J. Tao, Science, 2003, 301, 1221) on the single-molecule junctions based on bipyridine placed in a solvent have been challenged recently (S. Y. Quek et al., Nat. Nano, 2009, 4, 230) by implicitly assuming a negligible solvent impact on the molecular transport and by merely considering low bias conductance data. In this paper we demonstrate that solvent effects on the molecular transport are important, and to show this we focus our attention on the energy offset ε(0) of the dominant molecular orbital (LUMO) relative to the electrode Fermi level. To estimate the energy offset ε(0)(sol) from the full I-V curves presented by Xu and Tao for wet junctions, we resort to the recently proposed transition voltage spectroscopy (TVS). TVS, which plays a key role in the present analysis, emphasizes that data beyond the ohmic conductance regime are needed to reveal the solvent impact. We show that ε(0)(sol) significantly differs from the energy offset ε(0)(0)deduced for dry junctions (J. R. Widawsky et al., Nano Lett., 2012, 12, 354). The present work demonstrates that solvent effects on molecular transport are important and can be understood quantitatively. Results of ab initio calculations with and without solvent are reported that excellently explain the difference δε(0) = ε(0)(sol)-ε(0)(0). δε(0) = ΔΔG + δΦ + δW can be disentangled in contributions with a clear physical content: solvation energies (ΔΔG), image charges (δΦ), and work functions (δW). Accurate analytical formulae for ΔΔG and δΦ are reported, which provide experimentalists with a convenient framework to quantify solvent effects obviating demanding numerical efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Bâldea
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Kolivoška V, Valášek M, Gál M, Sokolová R, Bulíčková J, Pospíšil L, Mészáros G, Hromadová M. Single-Molecule Conductance in a Series of Extended Viologen Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:589-595. [PMID: 26281871 DOI: 10.1021/jz302057m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule conductance in a series of extended viologen molecules was measured at room temperature using a gold-molecule-gold scanning tunneling microscopy break junction arrangement. Conductance values for individual molecules change from 4.8 ± 1.2 nS for the shortest compound to 2.9 ± 1.0 nS for the compound with six repeating units and length of 11 nm. The latter value is almost 3 orders of magnitude higher than that reported for all-carbon-based aromatic molecular wires of comparable length. On the basis of the length of the molecules, an attenuation factor of only 0.06 ± 0.004 nm(-1) (0.006 ± 0.0004 Å(-1)) was obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest value reported for the conductance attenuation in a series of molecular wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viliam Kolivoška
- †J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Valášek
- ‡Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Gál
- †J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Sokolová
- †J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Bulíčková
- †J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Pospíšil
- †J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
- ‡Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Mészáros
- §Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri strasse 59-67, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- †J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Bâldea I, Köppel H, Wenzel W. (4,4′)-Bipyridinein vacuo and in solvents: a quantum chemical study of a prototypical floppy molecule from a molecular transport perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1918-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43627b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Liu J, Chen M, Qian DJ. Copper(II)-mediated layer-by-layer assembly of viologenthiol-functionalized carbon nanotube hybrid multilayers: preparation, characterization, morphology, and electrochemical properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:9496-9505. [PMID: 22624584 DOI: 10.1021/la3010954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The metal-mediated self-assembly of coordination polymers, building blocks, and metal-organic frameworks has been widely used to construct multifunctional novel materials on the molecular level. Here, we developed this technique to build up multilayers of functionalized carbon nanotubes on the basis of both intermolecular electrostatic and coordinative interactions. Positively charged electroactive viologenthiol (VSH) was first immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to form MWNT-VSH hybrids with a relative content of ∼9% by weight. Field emission transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the VSH molecules randomly covered the surfaces of MWNTs with a thickness of 1 to 2 nm. Then, the MWNT-VSH hybrids were used as nanoscale multidentate "ligands" (linkers) to construct metal-mediated multilayers with the use of CuAc(2) as the connectors by the layer-by-layer (LBL) method. The assembly process was monitored by absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as scanning electron and atomic force microscopy after each assembly of Cu(II) ions and MWNT-VSH hybrids. Finally, the electrochemical behaviors of the viologens in the MWNT-VS/Cu LBL multilayers were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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21
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Pobelov IV, Mészáros G, Yoshida K, Mishchenko A, Gulcur M, Bryce MR, Wandlowski T. An approach to measure electromechanical properties of atomic and molecular junctions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:164210. [PMID: 22466399 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/16/164210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new setup for simultaneous measurements of force and current in conductive nanocontacts in a liquid environment with a high sampling rate and resolution. A lab-built current-to-voltage converter allows measurements of the current over seven orders of magnitude. As examples, we studied conductances and mechanical forces upon formation and breaking of gold atomic contacts and of two molecular junctions containing 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethyne (M1) and 1,4-di(4-pyridyl)buta-1,3-diyne (M2). We found that the forces required to deform or break gold atomic contacts depend critically on the surrounding medium. Further, they show non-linear behaviour in dependence of the number N of gold atoms detached. The electromechanical properties of the two types of molecular junctions upon stretching were analysed by correlating breaking forces with simultaneously measured junction conductances. A rather complex behaviour in a wide range of forces was discovered. Comparison of the current-probe atomic force microscopy experiments on the rupture of molecular junctions with STM-based break junction experiments enables the assignment of breaking forces of molecular junctions to the corresponding junction conductances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Pobelov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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22
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Hong W, Manrique DZ, Moreno-García P, Gulcur M, Mishchenko A, Lambert CJ, Bryce MR, Wandlowski T. Single Molecular Conductance of Tolanes: Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Junction Evolution Dependent on the Anchoring Group. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2292-304. [PMID: 22175273 DOI: 10.1021/ja209844r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Hong
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Pavel Moreno-García
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, Puebla
72570, México
| | - Murat Gulcur
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Artem Mishchenko
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Jónsson EÖ, Thygesen KS, Ulstrup J, Jacobsen KW. Ab Initio Calculations of the Electronic Properties of Polypyridine Transition Metal Complexes and Their Adsorption on Metal Surfaces in the Presence of Solvent and Counterions. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:9410-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200893w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Ö. Jónsson
- CAMD, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK - 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K. S. Thygesen
- CAMD, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK - 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK - 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K. W. Jacobsen
- CAMD, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK - 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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Higgins SJ, Nichols RJ, Martin S, Cea P, van der Zant HSJ, Richter MM, Low PJ. Looking Ahead: Challenges and Opportunities in Organometallic Chemistry. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om100919r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Higgins
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Santiago Martin
- Physical Chemistry Department and Aragón Institute of Nanoscience, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Physical Chemistry Department and Aragón Institute of Nanoscience, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mark M. Richter
- Chemistry Department, Missouri State University, 901 South National Avenue, Springfield, Missouri 65897, United States
| | - Paul J. Low
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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25
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Kolivoška V, Gál M, Pospíšil L, Valášek M, Hromadová M. Electron dopable molecular wires based on the extended viologens. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:11422-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20652d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Charge Transport in Single Molecular Junctions at the Solid/Liquid Interface. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 313:121-88. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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27
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Hromadová M, Kolivoška V, Sokolová R, Gál M, Pospíšil L, Valášek M. On the adsorption of extended viologens at the electrode|electrolyte interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17232-17236. [PMID: 20936835 DOI: 10.1021/la1034239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Extended viologens represent a group of organic molecules intended to be used as molecular wires in molecular electronic devices. Adsorption properties of a novel series of extended viologen molecules were studied at the mercury electrode|electrolyte interface. These compounds form compact monolayers around the potential of zero charge with a constant differential capacitance value of 2.5 ± 0.2 μF cm(-2) independent of temperature, length of the molecule, and its bulk concentration. At more negative potentials their reduction in the adsorbed state takes place. We showed that the adsorption process is diffusion controlled and time needed to fully cover the electrode surface is independent of the electrode potential. A modified Koryta equation was employed for the calculation of the surface concentration of the adsorbates leading to the value of 5.3 × 10(-11) mol cm(-2) for the shortest wire and to 1.6 × 10(-11) mol cm(-2) for the longest one. Based on the space filling model and the differential capacitance value in the compact film region, it was postulated that these molecules lay flat on the electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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28
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Liu H, Chen X, Bu Y. Redox-induced configuration conversion for thioacetamide dimer can function as a molecular switch. J Comput Chem 2010; 31:2533-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Kamenetska M, Quek SY, Whalley AC, Steigerwald ML, Choi HJ, Louie SG, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen MS, Neaton JB, Venkataraman L. Conductance and Geometry of Pyridine-Linked Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6817-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1015348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kamenetska
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Center for Electron Transport in Nanostructures, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - Su Ying Quek
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Center for Electron Transport in Nanostructures, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - A. C. Whalley
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Center for Electron Transport in Nanostructures, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - M. L. Steigerwald
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Center for Electron Transport in Nanostructures, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - H. J. Choi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Center for Electron Transport in Nanostructures, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Center for Electron Transport in Nanostructures, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - C. Nuckolls
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Center for Electron Transport in Nanostructures, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - M. S. Hybertsen
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Center for Electron Transport in Nanostructures, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - J. B. Neaton
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Center for Electron Transport in Nanostructures, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - L. Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Center for Electron Transport in Nanostructures, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
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30
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Mishchenko A, Vonlanthen D, Meded V, Bürkle M, Li C, Pobelov IV, Bagrets A, Viljas JK, Pauly F, Evers F, Mayor M, Wandlowski T. Influence of conformation on conductance of biphenyl-dithiol single-molecule contacts. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:156-63. [PMID: 20025266 DOI: 10.1021/nl903084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The conductance of a family of biphenyl-dithiol derivatives with conformationally fixed torsion angle was measured using the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)-break-junction method. We found that it depends on the torsion angle phi between two phenyl rings; twisting the biphenyl system from flat (phi = 0 degrees ) to perpendicular (phi = 90 degrees ) decreased the conductance by a factor of 30. Detailed calculations of transport based on density functional theory and a two level model (TLM) support the experimentally obtained cos(2) phi correlation between the junction conductance G and the torsion angle phi. The TLM describes the pair of hybridizing highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) states on the phenyl rings and illustrates that the pi-pi coupling dominates the transport under "off-resonance" conditions where the HOMO levels are well separated from the Femi energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Mishchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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31
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Wang C, Batsanov AS, Bryce MR, Martín S, Nichols RJ, Higgins SJ, García-Suárez VM, Lambert CJ. Oligoyne Single Molecule Wires. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15647-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9061129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Centre for Nanoscale Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom, and Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei S. Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Centre for Nanoscale Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom, and Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Centre for Nanoscale Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom, and Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Santiago Martín
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Centre for Nanoscale Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom, and Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Centre for Nanoscale Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom, and Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Centre for Nanoscale Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom, and Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Víctor M. García-Suárez
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Centre for Nanoscale Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom, and Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Centre for Nanoscale Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom, and Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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32
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Pobelov IV, Li Z, Wandlowski T. Electrolyte Gating in Redox-Active Tunneling Junctions—An Electrochemical STM Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:16045-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8054194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Pobelov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems IBN 3 and Center of Nanoelectronic Systems for Informational Technology, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Zhihai Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems IBN 3 and Center of Nanoelectronic Systems for Informational Technology, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, and Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems IBN 3 and Center of Nanoelectronic Systems for Informational Technology, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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33
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From Self-Assembly to Charge Transport with Single Molecules – An Electrochemical Approach. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 287:181-255. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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