1
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Beach M, Nayanathara U, Gao Y, Zhang C, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Such GK. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5505-5616. [PMID: 38626459 PMCID: PMC11086401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles sit at the forefront of numerous promising drug delivery designs, due to their unmatched control over physiochemical properties such as size, shape, architecture, charge, and surface functionality. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles have the ability to navigate various biological barriers to precisely target specific sites within the body, encapsulate a diverse range of therapeutic cargo and efficiently release this cargo in response to internal and external stimuli. However, despite these remarkable advantages, the presence of polymeric nanoparticles in wider clinical application is minimal. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. The biological barriers affecting drug delivery will be outlined first, followed by a comprehensive description of the various nanoparticle designs and preparation methods, beginning with the polymers on which they are based. The review will meticulously explore the current performance of polymeric nanoparticles against a myriad of diseases including cancer, viral and bacterial infections, before finally evaluating the advantages and crucial challenges that will determine their wider clinical potential in the decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian
A. Beach
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Umeka Nayanathara
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yanting Gao
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yijun Xiong
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yufu Wang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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2
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Bera S, Bej R, Kanjilal P, Sinha S, Ghosh S. Bioreducible Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polymer-Drug Conjugate for Intracellular Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:480-488. [PMID: 38514383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports synthesis of a bioreducible hyperbranched (HB) polymer by A2+B3 approach from commercially available dithiothreitol (DTT) (A2) and an easily accessible trifunctional monomer (B3) containing three reactive pyridyl-disulfide groups. Highly efficient thiol-activated disulfide exchange reaction leads to the formation of the HB polymer (Mw = 21000; Đ = 2.3) with bioreducible disulfide linkages in the backbone and two different functional groups, namely, hydroxyl and pyridyl-disulfide in the core and periphery, respectively, of the HB-polymer. Postpolymerization functionalization of the hydroxyl-groups with camptothecin (CPT), a topoisomerase inhibitor and known anticancer drug, followed by replacing the terminal pyridyl-disulfide groups with oligo-oxyethylene-thiol resulted in easy access to an amphiphilic HB polydisulfide-CPT conjugate (P1) with a very high drug loading content of ∼40%. P1 aggregated in water (above ∼10 μg/mL) producing drug-loaded nanoparticles (Dh ∼ 135 nm), which showed highly efficient glutathione (GSH)-triggered release of the active CPT. Mass spectrometry analysis of the GSH-treated P1 showed the presence of the active CPT drug as well as a cyclic monothiocarbonate product, which underpins the cascade-degradation mechanism involving GSH-triggered cleavage of the labile disulfide linkage, followed by intramolecular nucleophilic attack by the in situ generated thiol to the neighboring carbonate linkage, resulting in release of the active CPT drug. The P1 nanoparticle showed excellent cellular uptake as tested by confocal fluorescence microscopy in HeLa cells by predominantly endocytosis mechanism, resulting in highly efficient cell killing (IC50 ∼ 0.6 μg/mL) as evident from the results of the MTT assay, as well as the apoptosis assay. Comparative studies with an analogous linear polymer-CPT conjugate showed much superior intracellular drug delivery potency of the hyperbranched polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Bera
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Raju Bej
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pintu Kanjilal
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satyaki Sinha
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
- Technical Research Center (TRC),Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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3
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Gioldasis C, Gkamas A, Vlahos C. Impact of Copolymer Architecture on Demicellization and Cargo Release via Head-to-Tail Depolymerization of Hydrophobic Blocks or Branches. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1127. [PMID: 38675046 PMCID: PMC11053811 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing molecular dynamics simulations, we explored the demicellization and cargo release dynamics of linear and miktoarm copolymers, featuring one, two, and three hydrophobic blocks or branches, each capable of head-to-tail depolymerization. Our findings revealed that, under stoichiometric trigger molecule concentrations, miktoarms with three branches exhibited consistently faster depolymerization rates than those with two branches and linear copolymers. Conversely, at constant trigger molecule concentrations, the depolymerization rates of copolymers exhibited more complex behaviors influenced by two opposing factors: the excess of trigger molecules, which increased with a decrease in the number of hydrophobic branches or blocks, and simultaneous head-to-tail depolymerization, which intensified with an increasing number of branches. Our study elucidates the intricate interplay between copolymer architecture, trigger molecule concentrations, and depolymerization dynamics, providing valuable insights for the rational design of amphiphilic copolymers with tunable demicellization and cargo release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Costas Vlahos
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.G.); (A.G.)
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4
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Deng Z, Liang X, Gillies ER. Click to Self-immolation: A "Click" Functionalization Strategy towards Triggerable Self-Immolative Homopolymers and Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317063. [PMID: 38029347 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-immolative polymers (SIPs) are a class of degradable macromolecules that undergo stimuli-triggered head-to-tail depolymerization. However, a general approach to readily end-functionalize SIP precursors for programmed degradation remains elusive, restricting access to complex, functional SIP-based materials. Here we present a "click to self-immolation" strategy based on aroyl azide-capped SIP precursors, enabling the facile construction of diverse SIPs with different trigger units through a Curtius rearrangement and alcohol/thiol-isocyanate "click" reaction. This strategy is also applied to polymer-polymer coupling to access fully depolymerizable block copolymer amphiphiles, even combining different SIP backbones. Our results demonstrate that the depolymerization can be actuated efficiently under physiologically-relevant conditions by the removal of the trigger units and ensuing self-immolation of the p-aminobenzyl carbonate linkage, indicating promise for controlled release applications involving nanoparticles and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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5
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Liu H, Lu HH, Alp Y, Wu R, Thayumanavan S. Structural Determinants of Stimuli-Responsiveness in Amphiphilic Macromolecular Nano-assemblies. Prog Polym Sci 2024; 148:101765. [PMID: 38476148 PMCID: PMC10927256 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nano-assemblies from amphiphilic macromolecules could undergo controlled structural transformations and generate diverse macroscopic phenomenon under stimuli. Due to the controllable responsiveness, they have been applied for broad material and biomedical applications, such as biologics delivery, sensing, imaging, and catalysis. Understanding the mechanisms of the assembly-disassembly processes and structural determinants behind the responsive properties is fundamentally important for designing the next generation of nano-assemblies with programmable responsiveness. In this review, we focus on structural determinants of assemblies from amphiphilic macromolecules and their macromolecular level alterations under stimuli, such as the disruption of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), depolymerization, decrosslinking, and changes of molecular packing in assemblies, which eventually lead to a series of macroscopic phenomenon for practical purposes. Applications of stimuli-responsive nano-assemblies in delivery, sensing and imaging were also summarized based on their structural features. We expect this review could provide readers an overview of the structural considerations in the design and applications of nanoassemblies and incentivize more explorations in stimuli-responsive soft matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hung-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yasin Alp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ruiling Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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6
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Rajasooriya T, Ogasawara H, Dong Y, Mancuso JN, Salaita K. Force-Triggered Self-Destructive Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305544. [PMID: 37724392 PMCID: PMC10764057 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-destructive polymers (SDPs) are defined as a class of smart polymers that autonomously degrade upon experiencing an external trigger, such as a chemical cue or optical excitation. Because SDPs release the materials trapped inside the network upon degradation, they have potential applications in drug delivery and analytical sensing. However, no known SDPs that respond to external mechanical forces have been reported, as it is fundamentally challenging to create mechano-sensitivity in general and especially so for force levels below those required for classical force-induced bond scission. To address this challenge, the development of force-triggered SDPs composed of DNA crosslinked hydrogels doped with nucleases is described here. Externally applied piconewton forces selectively expose enzymatic cleavage sites within the DNA crosslinks, resulting in rapid polymer self-degradation. The synthesis and the chemical and mechanical characterization of DNA crosslinked hydrogels, as well as the kinetics of force-triggered hydrolysis, are described. As a proof-of-concept, force-triggered and time-dependent rheological changes in the polymer as well as encapsulated nanoparticle release are demonstrated. Finally, that the kinetics of self-destruction are shown to be tuned as a function of nuclease concentration, incubation time, and thermodynamic stability of DNA crosslinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yixiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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7
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Deng Z, Gillies ER. Emerging Trends in the Chemistry of End-to-End Depolymerization. JACS AU 2023; 3:2436-2450. [PMID: 37772181 PMCID: PMC10523501 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the past couple of decades, polymers that depolymerize end-to-end upon cleavage of their backbone or activation of a terminal functional group, sometimes referred to as "self-immolative" polymers, have been attracting increasing attention. They are of growing interest in the context of enhancing polymer degradability but also in polymer recycling as they allow monomers to be regenerated in a controlled manner under mild conditions. Furthermore, they are highly promising for applications as smart materials due to their ability to provide an amplified response to a specific signal, as a single sensing event is translated into the generation of many small molecules through a cascade of reactions. From a chemistry perspective, end-to-end depolymerization relies on the principles of self-immolative linkers and polymer ceiling temperature (Tc). In this article, we will introduce the key chemical concepts and foundations of the field and then provide our perspective on recent exciting developments. For example, over the past few years, new depolymerizable backbones, including polyacetals, polydisulfides, polyesters, polythioesters, and polyalkenamers, have been developed, while modern approaches to depolymerize conventional backbones such as polymethacrylates have also been introduced. Progress has also been made on the topological evolution of depolymerizable systems, including the introduction of fully depolymerizable block copolymers, hyperbranched polymers, and polymer networks. Furthermore, precision sequence-defined oligomers have been synthesized and studied for data storage and encryption. Finally, our perspectives on future opportunities and challenges in the field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Deng
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western
Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western
Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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8
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Gong J, Borecki A, Gillies ER. Self-Immolative Hydrogels with Stimulus-Mediated On-Off Degradation. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3629-3637. [PMID: 37418699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are of interest for a wide range of applications from sensors to drug delivery and tissue engineering. Self-immolative polymers, which depolymerize from end-to-end following a single backbone or end-cap cleavage, offer advantages such as amplification of the stimulus-mediated cleavage event through a cascade degradation process. It is also possible to change the active stimulus by changing only a single end-cap or linker unit. However, there are very few examples of self-immolative polymer hydrogels, and the reported examples exhibited relatively poor stability in their nontriggered state or slow degradation after triggering. Described here is the preparation of hydrogels composed of self-immolative poly(ethyl glyoxylate) (PEtG) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Hydrogels formed from 2 kg/mol 4-arm PEG and 1.2 kg/mol PEtG with a light-responsive linker end-cap had high gel content (90%), an equilibrium water content of 89%, and a compressive modulus of 26 kPa. The hydrogel degradation could be turned on and off repeatedly through alternating cycles of irradiation and dark storage. Similar cycles could also be used to control the release of the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib. These results demonstrate the potential for self-immolative hydrogels to afford a high degree of control over responses to stimuli in the context of smart materials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Aneta Borecki
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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9
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Morado EG, Paterson ML, Ivanoff DG, Wang HC, Johnson A, Daniels D, Rizvi A, Sottos NR, Zimmerman SC. End-of-life upcycling of polyurethanes using a room temperature, mechanism-based degradation. Nat Chem 2023; 15:569-577. [PMID: 36864144 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in developing recyclable polymeric materials is the inherent conflict between the properties required during and after their life span. In particular, materials must be strong and durable when in use, but undergo complete and rapid degradation, ideally under mild conditions, as they approach the end of their life span. We report a mechanism for degrading polymers called cyclization-triggered chain cleavage (CATCH cleavage) that achieves this duality. CATCH cleavage features a simple glycerol-based acyclic acetal unit as a kinetic and thermodynamic trap for gated chain shattering. Thus, an organic acid induces transient chain breaks with oxocarbenium ion formation and subsequent intramolecular cyclization to fully depolymerize the polymer backbone at room temperature. With minimal chemical modification, the resulting degradation products from a polyurethane elastomer can be repurposed into strong adhesives and photochromic coatings, demonstrating the potential for upcycling. The CATCH cleavage strategy for low-energy input breakdown and subsequent upcycling may be generalizable to a broader range of synthetic polymers and their end-of-life waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim G Morado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mara L Paterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Douglas G Ivanoff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alayna Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Darius Daniels
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aoon Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Steven C Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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10
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Wang S, Wang Y, Hu K, Wang K, Zhou X. Controllable carbonyl-assisted C(sp 3)–C(sp 3) bond reduction and reorganization. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01981g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedentedly preferential reduction of unstrained C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond over ketone, hydrogenative [2+2+2]-cycloreversion of 2,4-diacylcyclohexanols, and cyclizative degradation of poly(vinylketone) have been achieved by organolanthanide catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengke Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yitu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xigeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Liang X, Gillies ER. Self-immolative Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers with Individually Triggerable Blocks. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:313-323. [PMID: 36254315 PMCID: PMC9562457 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Self-immolative polymers
are a growing class of degradable polymers
that undergo end-to-end depolymerization after the stimuli-responsive
cleavage of an end-cap or backbone unit. Their incorporation into
amphiphilic block copolymers can lead to functions such as the disintegration
of copolymer nanoassemblies when depolymerization is triggered. However,
diblock copolymers have not yet been developed where both blocks are
self-immolative. Described here is the synthesis, self-assembly, and
triggered depolymerization of self-immolative block copolymers with
individually triggerable hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks. Neutral
and cationic hydrophilic polyglyxoylamides (PGAm) with acid-responsive
end caps were synthesized and coupled to an ultraviolet (UV) light-triggerable
poly(ethyl glyoxylate) (PEtG) hydrophobic block. The resulting block
copolymers self-assembled to form nanoparticles in aqueous solution,
and their depolymerization in response to acid and UV light was studied
by techniques including light scattering, NMR spectroscopy, and electron
microscopy. Acid led to selective depolymerization of the PGAm blocks,
leading to aggregation, while UV light led to selective depolymerization
of the PEtG block, leading to disassembly. This self-immolative block
copolymer system provides an enhanced level of control over smart
copolymer assemblies and their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9
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12
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Tu Y, Xiao X, Dong Y, Li J, Liu Y, Zong Q, Yuan Y. Cinnamaldehyde-based poly(thioacetal): A ROS-awakened self-amplifying degradable polymer for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121795. [PMID: 36108580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although stimuli-responsive polymers have emerged as promising strategies for intelligent cancer therapy, limited polymer degradation and insufficient drug release remain a challenge. Here, we report a novel reactive oxygen species (ROS)-awakened self-amplifying degradable cinnamaldehyde (CA)-based poly(thioacetal) polymer. The polymer consists of ROS responsive thioacetal (TA) group and CA as the ROS generation agent. The self-amplified polymer degradation process is triggered by endogenous ROS-induced cleavage of the TA group to release CA. The CA released then promotes the generation of more ROS through mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in amplified polymer degradation. More importantly, poly(thioacetal) itself can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) of the tumor cells and its side chains can be conjugated with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for synergistic cancer immunotherapy. The self-amplified degradable poly(thioacetal) developed in this work provides insights into the development of novel stimulus-responsive polymers for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Tu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yansong Dong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jisi Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qingyu Zong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Youyong Yuan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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13
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Siragusa F, Demarteau J, Habets T, Olazabal I, Robeyns K, Evano G, Mereau R, Tassaing T, Grignard B, Sardon H, Detrembleur C. Unifying Step-Growth Polymerization and On-Demand Cascade Ring-Closure Depolymerization via Polymer Skeletal Editing. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Siragusa
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeremy Demarteau
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 7, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Thomas Habets
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Ion Olazabal
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 7, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Koen Robeyns
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphael Mereau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR 5255 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Tassaing
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR 5255 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 7, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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14
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Sirianni QEA, Wang TD, Borecki A, Deng Z, Ronald J, Gillies ER. Self-immolative Polyplexes for DNA Delivery. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2557-2567. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids have immense potential for the treatment and prevention of a wide range of diseases, but delivery vehicles are needed to assist with their entry into cells. Polycations can...
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15
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Gavriel A, Sambrook M, Russell AT, Hayes W. Recent advances in self-immolative linkers and their applications in polymeric reporting systems. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00414c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interest in self-immolative chemistry has grown over the past decade with more research groups harnessing the versatility to control the release of a compound from a larger chemical entity, given...
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16
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Shelef O, Gnaim S, Shabat D. Self-Immolative Polymers: An Emerging Class of Degradable Materials with Distinct Disassembly Profiles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21177-21188. [PMID: 34898203 PMCID: PMC8704185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-immolative polymers are an emerging class of macromolecules with distinct disassembly profiles that set them apart from other general degradable materials. These polymers are programmed to disassemble spontaneously from head to tail, through a domino-like fragmentation, upon response to extremal stimuli. In the time since we first reported this unique type of molecule, several groups around the world have developed new, creative molecular structures that perform analogously to our pioneering polymers. Self-immolative polymers are now widely recognized as an important class of stimuli-responsive materials for a wide range of applications such as signal amplification, biosensing, drug delivery, and materials science. The quinone-methide elimination was shown to be an effective tool to achieve rapid domino-like fragmentation of polymeric molecules. Thus, numerous applications of self-immolative polymers are based on this disassembly chemistry. Although several other fragmentation reactions achieved the function requested for sequential disassembly, we predominantly focused in this Perspective on examples of self-immolative polymers that disassemble through the quinone-methide elimination. Selected examples of self-immolative polymers that disassembled through other chemistries are briefly described. The growing demand for stimuli-responsive degradable materials with novel molecular backbones and enhanced properties guarantees the future interest of the scientific community in this unique class of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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17
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Sirianni QEA, Liang X, Such GK, Gillies ER. Polyglyoxylamides with a pH-Mediated Solubility and Depolymerization Switch. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinton E. A. Sirianni
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Georgina K. Such
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
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18
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Soars S, Kamps J, Fairbanks B, Bowman C. Stimuli‐Responsive Depolymerization of Poly(Phthalaldehyde) Copolymers and Networks. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shafer Soars
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado‐ Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Joshua Kamps
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado‐ Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Benjamin Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado‐Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Christopher Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado‐Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
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19
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Gavriel AG, Leroux F, Khurana GS, Lewis VG, Chippindale AM, Sambrook MR, Hayes W, Russell AT. Self-Immolative System for Disclosure of Reactive Electrophilic Alkylating Agents: Understanding the Role of the Reporter Group. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10263-10279. [PMID: 34292742 PMCID: PMC8389931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The development of
stable, efficient chemoselective self-immolative
systems, for use in applications such as sensors, requires the optimization
of the reactivity and degradation characteristics of the self-immolative
unit. In this paper, we describe the effect that the structure of
the reporter group has upon the self-immolative efficacy of a prototype
system designed for the disclosure of electrophilic alkylating agents.
The amine of the reporter group (a nitroaniline unit) was a constituent
part of a carbamate that functioned as the self-immolative unit. The
number and position of substituents on the nitroaniline unit were
found to play a key role in the rate of self-immolative degradation
and release of the reporter group. The position of the nitro substituent
(meta- vs para-) and the methyl
groups in the ortho-position relative to the carbamate
exhibited an influence on the rate of elimination and stability of
the self-immolative system. The ortho-methyl substituents
imparted a twist on the N–C (aromatic) bond leading to increased
resonance of the amine nitrogen’s lone pair into the carbonyl
moiety and a decrease of the leaving character of the carbamate group;
concomitantly, this may also make it a less electron-withdrawing group
and lead to less acidification of the eliminated β-hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Gavriel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Flavien Leroux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Gurjeet S Khurana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Viliyana G Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Ann M Chippindale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Mark R Sambrook
- CBR Division, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, U.K
| | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Andrew T Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
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20
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Tan J, Hu J, Liu S. Designing self-propagating polymers with ultrasensitivity through feedback signal amplification. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers with self-propagating degradation capacity being sensitive to acids, bases, fluoride ions, and hydrogen peroxide are reviewed, exhibiting self-accelerated degradation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Tan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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21
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Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Fang B, Baell J, Li L, Huang W, Voelcker NH. Stimulus-cleavable chemistry in the field of controlled drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4872-4931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarises stimulus-cleavable linkers from various research areas and their cleavage mechanisms, thus provides an insightful guideline to extend their potential applications to controlled drug release from nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton
- Victoria 3168
- Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
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22
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Yang K, Lee M, Jones PA, Liu SS, Zhou A, Xu J, Sreekanth V, Wu JLY, Vo L, Lee EA, Pop R, Lee Y, Wagner BK, Melton DA, Choudhary A, Karp JM. A 3D culture platform enables development of zinc-binding prodrugs for targeted proliferation of β cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc3207. [PMID: 33208361 PMCID: PMC7673808 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in treating β cell loss include islet replacement therapies or increasing cell proliferation rate in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. We propose developing multiple proliferation-inducing prodrugs that target high concentration of zinc ions in β cells. Unfortunately, typical two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures do not mimic in vivo conditions, displaying a markedly lowered zinc content, while 3D culture systems are laborious and expensive. Therefore, we developed the Disque Platform (DP)-a high-fidelity culture system where stem cell-derived β cells are reaggregated into thin, 3D discs within 2D 96-well plates. We validated the DP against standard 2D and 3D cultures and interrogated our zinc-activated prodrugs, which release their cargo upon zinc chelation-so preferentially in β cells. Through developing a reliable screening platform that bridges the advantages of 2D and 3D culture systems, we identified an effective hit that exhibits 2.4-fold increase in β cell proliferation compared to harmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisuk Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Miseon Lee
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Anthony Jones
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sophie S Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angela Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vedagopuram Sreekanth
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie L Y Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lillian Vo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eunjee A Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ramona Pop
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yuhan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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23
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Mirhadi E, Mashreghi M, Faal Maleki M, Alavizadeh SH, Arabi L, Badiee A, Jaafari MR. Redox-sensitive nanoscale drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Olatunji FP, Herman JW, Kesic BN, Olabode D, Berkman CE. A click-ready pH-triggered phosphoramidate-based linker for controlled release of monomethyl auristatin E. Tetrahedron Lett 2020; 61:152398. [PMID: 33191958 PMCID: PMC7665082 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a novel "click"-ready pH-cleavable phosphoramidate linker for controlled-release of monomethyl auristantin E (MMAE) in antibody- and small molecule-drug conjugates application. This water-soluble linker was found to have tremendous stability at physiological pHs while rapidly releasing its payload at acidic pH. The linker can also be tailored to release payloads of diverse functional groups, broadening its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisola P Olatunji
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Jacob W Herman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Brittany N Kesic
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Damilola Olabode
- Washington State University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, PO Box 643113, Pullman, WA 99164-3113, United States
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
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25
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Yardley RE, Rabiee Kenaree A, Liang X, Gillies ER. Transesterification of Poly(ethyl glyoxylate): A Route to Structurally Diverse Polyglyoxylates. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Yardley
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Amir Rabiee Kenaree
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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26
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Rabiee Kenaree A, Sirianni QEA, Classen K, Gillies ER. Thermoresponsive Self-Immolative Polyglyoxylamides. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3817-3825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rabiee Kenaree
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quinton E. A. Sirianni
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Classen
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A 5B9, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Salas-Ambrosio P, Tronnet A, Verhaeghe P, Bonduelle C. Synthetic Polypeptide Polymers as Simplified Analogues of Antimicrobial Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:57-75. [PMID: 32786537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring macromolecules made of amino acids that are potent broad-spectrum antibiotics with potential as novel therapeutic agents. This review aims to summarize the fundamental principles concerning the structure and mechanism of action of these AMPs, in order to guide the design of polymeric analogues that organic chemistry can generate. Among those simplified analogues, this review particularly focuses on those made of amino acids called polypeptide polymers: they are showing great potential by providing one of the best biomimetic and bioactive structures for further biomaterials science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Tronnet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Pierre Verhaeghe
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Colin Bonduelle
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
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28
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29
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Addy PS, Shivrayan M, Cencer M, Zhuang J, Moore JS, Thayumanavan S. Polymer with Competing Depolymerization Pathways: Chain Unzipping versus Chain Scission. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:855-859. [PMID: 35648518 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interest in triggered depolymerization is growing, driven by needs in sustainable plastics, self-healing materials, controlled release, and sensory amplification. For many triggered depolymerization reactions, the rate-limiting step does not directly involve the stimulus, and therefore, depolymerization kinetics exhibit only weak or no correlation to the concentration and reactivity of the stimulus. However, for many applications, a direct relationship between the stimulus and the depolymerization kinetics is desired. Here we designed, synthesized, and studied a polymer in which a nucleophile-induced chain scission (NICS) mechanism competes with the chain unzipping pathway. We find that the choice of the chain end functionality and the character of the nucleophile determines which of these is the predominant pathway. The NICS pathway was found to be dependent on the stimulus concentration, in contrast to the chain unzipping mechanism. We demonstrate transferability of these molecular-scale, structure-property relationships to nanoscale materials by formulating the polymers into host nanoparticles.
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30
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Kim H, Brooks AD, DiLauro AM, Phillips ST. Poly(carboxypyrrole)s That Depolymerize from Head to Tail in the Solid State in Response to Specific Applied Signals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9447-9452. [PMID: 32330033 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Article describes the design, synthesis, and analysis of a new class of polymer that is capable of depolymerizing continuously, completely, and cleanly from head to tail when a detection unit on the head of the polymer is exposed to a specific applied signal. The backbone of this polymer consists of 1,3-disubstituted pyrroles and carboxy linkages similar to polyurethanes. Diverse side chains or reactive end-groups can be introduced readily, which provides modular design of polymer structure. The designed depolymerization mechanism proceeds through spontaneous release of carbon dioxide and azafulvene in response to a single triggering reaction with the detection unit. These poly(carboxypyrrole)s depolymerize readily in nonpolar environments, and even in the bulk as solid-state plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Adam D Brooks
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725-2090, United States
| | - Anthony M DiLauro
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725-2090, United States
| | - Scott T Phillips
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725-2090, United States
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31
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Roberts DA, Pilgrim BS, Dell TN, Stevens MM. Dynamic pH responsivity of triazole-based self-immolative linkers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3713-3718. [PMID: 34094059 PMCID: PMC8152797 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00532k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gating the release of chemical payloads in response to transient signals is an important feature of ‘smart’ delivery systems. Herein, we report a triazole-based self-immolative linker that can be reversibly paused or slowed and restarted throughout its elimination cascade in response to pH changes in both organic and organic-aqueous solvents. The linker is conveniently prepared using the alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction, which introduces a 1,4-triazole ring that expresses a pH-sensitive intermediate during its elimination sequence. Using a series of model compounds, we demonstrate that this intermediate can be switched between active and dormant states depending on the presence of acid or base, cleanly gating the release of payload in response to a fluctuating external stimulus. Triazole-based self-immolative linkers can be reversibly paused and restarted throughout their elimination cascades in response to environmental pH changes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick A Roberts
- Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ben S Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Tristan N Dell
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm Sweden.,Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
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32
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Blake TR, Ho WC, Turlington CR, Zang X, Huttner MA, Wender PA, Waymouth RM. Synthesis and mechanistic investigations of pH-responsive cationic poly(aminoester)s. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2951-2966. [PMID: 34122796 PMCID: PMC8157522 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and degradation mechanisms of a class of pH-sensitive, rapidly degrading cationic poly(α-aminoester)s are described. These reactive, cationic polymers are stable at low pH in water, but undergo a fast and selective degradation at higher pH to liberate neutral diketopiperazines. Related materials incorporating oligo(α-amino ester)s have been shown to be effective gene delivery agents, as the charge-altering degradative behavior facilitates the delivery and release of mRNA and other nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we report detailed studies of the structural and environmental factors that lead to these rapid and selective degradation processes in aqueous buffers. At neutral pH, poly(α-aminoester)s derived from N-hydroxyethylglycine degrade selectively by a mechanism involving sequential 1,5- and 1,6-O→N acyl shifts to generate bis(N-hydroxyethyl) diketopiperazine. A family of structurally related cationic poly(aminoester)s was generated to study the structural influences on the degradation mechanism, product distribution, and pH dependence of the rate of degradation. The kinetics and mechanism of the pH-induced degradations were investigated by 1H NMR, model reactions, and kinetic simulations. These results indicate that polyesters bearing α-ammonium groups and appropriately positioned N-hydroxyethyl substituents are readily cleaved (by intramolecular attack) or hydrolyzed, representing dynamic "dual function" materials that are initially polycationic and transform with changing environment to neutral products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Blake
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Wilson C Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Xiaoyu Zang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, TheUniversity of Western Ontario London, ON Canada N6A 5B7
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34
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Abstract
Biomedical use cases for self-immolative polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- College of Chemistry
- Green Catalysis Center
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
| | - Xuyu Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Northeastern University
- Boston
- USA
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry
- Green Catalysis Center
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Northeastern University
- Boston
- USA
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35
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Neary WJ, Isais TA, Kennemur JG. Depolymerization of Bottlebrush Polypentenamers and Their Macromolecular Metamorphosis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14220-14229. [PMID: 31403783 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The depolymerization of bottlebrush (BB) polymers with varying lengths of polycyclopentene (PCP) backbone and polystyrene (PS) grafts is investigated. In all cases, ring closing metathesis (RCM) depolymerization of the PCP BB backbone appears to occur through an end-to-end depolymerization mechanism as evidenced by size exclusion chromatography. Investigation on the RCM depolymerization of linear PCP reveals a more random chain degradation process. Quantitative depolymerization occurs under thermodynamic conditions (higher temperature and dilution) that drives RCM into cyclopentenes (CPs), each bearing one of the original PS grafts from the BB. Catalyst screening reveals Grubbs' third (G3) and second (G2) generation catalyst depolymerize BBs significantly faster than Grubbs' first generation (G1) and Hoveyda-Grubbs' second generation (HG2) catalyst under identical conditions while solvent (toluene versus CHCl3) plays a less significant role. The length of the BB backbone and PS side chains also play a minor role in depolymerization kinetics, which is discussed. The ability to completely deconstruct these BB architectures into linear grafts provides definitive insights toward the ATRP "grafting-from" mechanism originally used to construct the BBs. Core-shell BB block copolymers (BBCPs) are shown to quantitatively depolymerize into linear diblock polymer grafts. Finally, the complete depolymerization of BBs into α-cyclopentenyl-PS allows further transformation to other architectures, such as 3-arm stars, through thiol-ene coupling onto the CP end group. These unique materials open the door to stimuli-responsive reassembly of BBs and BBCPs into new morphologies driven by macromolecular metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Neary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Taylor A Isais
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Justin G Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
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36
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Yardley RE, Kenaree AR, Gillies ER. Triggering Depolymerization: Progress and Opportunities for Self-Immolative Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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37
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Nguyen HP, Stewart S, Kukwikila MN, Jones SF, Offenbartl‐Stiegert D, Mao S, Balasubramanian S, Beck S, Howorka S. A Photo-responsive Small-Molecule Approach for the Opto-epigenetic Modulation of DNA Methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6620-6624. [PMID: 30773767 PMCID: PMC7027477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the functional dynamics of DNA within living cells is essential in biomedical research. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation play a key role in this endeavour. DNA methylation can be controlled by genetic means. Yet there are few chemical tools available for the spatial and temporal modulation of this modification. Herein, we present a small-molecule approach to modulate DNA methylation with light. The strategy uses a photo-tuneable version of a clinically used drug (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) to alter the catalytic activity of DNA methyltransferases, the enzymes that methylate DNA. After uptake by cells, the photo-regulated molecule can be light-controlled to reduce genome-wide DNA methylation levels in proliferating cells. The chemical tool complements genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological approaches to study the role of DNA methylation in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Phuong Nguyen
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | | | - Mikiembo N. Kukwikila
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Sioned Fôn Jones
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Daniel Offenbartl‐Stiegert
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Shiqing Mao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeUK
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeUK
| | | | - Stefan Howorka
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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38
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Xiao Y, Li Y, Zhang B, Li H, Cheng Z, Shi J, Xiong J, Bai Y, Zhang K. Functionalizable, Side Chain-Immolative Poly(benzyl ether)s. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:399-402. [PMID: 35651122 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a poly(benzyl ether)-based self-immolative polymer (SIP) with pendant pyridine disulfide groups. Cleavage of the side-chain disulfides leads to the formation of phenolates, which initiate depolymerization from the side chain. Due to the higher density of the disulfide groups compared to that of the chain-end-capping group, which normally is responsible for initiating depolymerization of SIPs, the side chain-immolative polymer (ScIP) can be readily degraded in the solid state where the mobility of polymer chains is substantially limited. The ScIP was also further modified through the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction to prepare ScIP-g-poly(ethylene glycol) graft polymers and organogels, which were also able to undergo complete reductive self-immolative degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zehong Cheng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jianqiao Shi
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yugang Bai
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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39
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Nguyen HP, Stewart S, Kukwikila MN, Jones SF, Offenbartl‐Stiegert D, Mao S, Balasubramanian S, Beck S, Howorka S. A Photo‐responsive Small‐Molecule Approach for the Opto‐epigenetic Modulation of DNA Methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Phuong Nguyen
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | | | - Mikiembo N. Kukwikila
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Sioned Fôn Jones
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Daniel Offenbartl‐Stiegert
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Shiqing Mao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge UK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge UK
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge UK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge UK
| | | | - Stefan Howorka
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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40
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Dong P, Rakesh K, Manukumar H, Mohammed YHE, Karthik C, Sumathi S, Mallu P, Qin HL. Innovative nano-carriers in anticancer drug delivery-a comprehensive review. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:325-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Acton AL, Leroux F, Feula A, Melia K, Sambrook MR, Hayes W, Russell AT. Self-immolative systems for the disclosure of reactive electrophilic alkylating agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5219-5222. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and assessment of the first examples of self-immolative systems triggered by reactive non-acidic electrophilic agents such as alkyl or benzylic halides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Feula
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | - Kelly Melia
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | - Mark R. Sambrook
- CBR Division
- Defence Science & Technology Laboratory (Dstl)
- Salisbury
- UK
| | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
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42
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Nichol MF, Clark KD, Dolinski ND, Read de Alaniz J. Multi-stimuli responsive trigger for temporally controlled depolymerization of self-immolative polymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of a multi-stimuli trigger enables temporal control over trigger cleavage and subsequent depolymerization of self-immolative polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan F. Nichol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Kyle D. Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Neil D. Dolinski
- Materials Department
- Materials Research Laboratory
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
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43
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Bej R, Ghosh S. Glutathione Triggered Cascade Degradation of an Amphiphilic Poly(disulfide)-Drug Conjugate and Targeted Release. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:101-110. [PMID: 30557508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A bioreducible poly(disulfide)-derived amphiphilic block copolymer-drug conjugate (loading content 31%) was synthesized by post-polymerization modification. It shows redox-responsive polymersome assembly in water with aggregation induced emission property arising from the appended Camptothecin (CPT) drug. Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide overexpressed in cancer cells, triggers a cascade reaction resulting in simultaneous degradation of the polymer backbone (consisting of disulfide linkage) and the release of the pendant drug. The cascade reaction involves GSH trigger cleavage of the backbone disulfide bond producing free thiol followed by its intrachain nucleophilic attack to the adjacent carbonate group that links the appended drug molecule. The polymeric pro-drug exhibits killing efficiency to a cancer cell with remarkably low IC50 value of 3.1 μg/mL (based on the CPT concentration) while it shows negligible toxicity to a normal cell up to polymer concentration 300 μg/mL.
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44
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Sirianni QEA, Rabiee Kenaree A, Gillies ER. Polyglyoxylamides: Tuning Structure and Properties of Self-Immolative Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinton E. A. Sirianni
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Amir Rabiee Kenaree
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
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45
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Yardley RE, Gillies ER. Multi-stimuli-responsive self-immolative polymer assemblies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Yardley
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research; The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street; London Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research; The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street; London Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street; London Ontario Canada N6A 5B9
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46
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Rabiee Kenaree A, Gillies ER. Controlled Polymerization of Ethyl Glyoxylate Using Alkyllithium and Alkoxide Initiators. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rabiee Kenaree
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
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47
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Gambles M, Fan B, Borecki A, Gillies ER. Hybrid Polyester Self-Immolative Polymer Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Release. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5002-5011. [PMID: 31458713 PMCID: PMC6641706 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Delivery systems have been developed to address problematic properties of drugs, but the specific release of drugs at their targets is still a challenge. Polymers that depolymerize end-to-end in response to the cleavage of stimuli-responsive end-caps from their termini, commonly referred to as self-immolative polymers, offer high sensitivity to stimuli and have potential for the development of new high-performance delivery systems. In this work, we prepared hybrid particles composed of varying ratios of self-immolative poly(ethyl glyoxylate) (PEtG) and slowly degrading poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLA). These systems were designed to provide a dual release mechanism consisting of a rapid burst release of drug from the PEtG domains and a slower release from the PLA domains. Using end-caps responsive to UV light and reducing thiols, it was found that triggered particles exhibited partial degradation, as indicated by a reduction in their dynamic light-scattering count rate that depended on the PEtG:PLA ratio. The particles were also shown to release the hydrophobic dye Nile red and the drug celecoxib in a manner that depended on triggering and the PEtG:PLA ratio. In vitro toxicity assays showed an effect of the stimuli on the toxicity of the celecoxib-loaded particles but also suggested it would be ideal to replace the sodium cholate surfactant that was used in the particle synthesis procedure in order to reduce the background toxicity of the delivery system. Overall, these hybrid systems show promise for tuning and controlling the release of drugs in response to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
T. Gambles
- Department
of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3B7, Canada
| | - Bo Fan
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Aneta Borecki
- Department
of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department
of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3B7, Canada
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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48
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Wu Y, Zhang L, Zhang M, Liu Z, Zhu W, Zhang K. Bottlebrush polymers with self-immolative side chains. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers with self-immolative polymer side chains were prepared, which can precisely disassemble to release molecular cargos under UV-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
| | - Liangcai Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
| | - Zhengping Liu
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
| | - Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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49
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Ergene C, Yasuhara K, Palermo EF. Biomimetic antimicrobial polymers: recent advances in molecular design. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00012c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, coupled with the decline in the number of new antibiotic drug approvals, has created a therapeutic gap that portends an emergent public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Ergene
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute for Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Edmund F. Palermo
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
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50
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Wang F, Diesendruck CE. Polyphthalaldehyde: Synthesis, Derivatives, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Russell-Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Charles E. Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Russell-Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
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