1
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Kim D, Rosko MC, Castellano FN, Gray TG, Teets TS. Long Excited-State Lifetimes in Three-Coordinate Copper(I) Complexes via Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer to Pyrene-Decorated Isocyanides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19193-19204. [PMID: 38956456 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
There has been much effort to improve excited-state lifetimes in photosensitizers based on earth-abundant first-row transition metals. Copper(I) complexes have gained significant attention in this field, and in most cases, sterically driven approaches are used to optimize their lifetimes. This study presents a series of three-coordinate copper(I) complexes (Cu1-Cu3) where the excited-state lifetime is extended by triplet-triplet energy transfer. The heteroleptic compounds feature a cyclohexyl-substituted β-diketiminate (CyNacNacMe) paired with aryl isocyanide ligands, giving the general formula Cu(CyNacNacMe)(CN-Ar) (CN-dmp = 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide for Cu1; CN-pyr = 1-pyrenyl isocyanide for Cu2; CN-dmp-pyr = 2,6-dimethyl-4-(1-pyrenyl)phenyl isocyanide for Cu3). The nature, energies, and dynamics of the low-energy triplet excited states are assessed with a combination of photoluminescence measurements at room temperature and 77 K, ultrafast transient absorption (UFTA) spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The complexes with the pyrene-decorated isocyanides (Cu2 and Cu3) exhibit extended excited-state lifetimes resulting from triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) between the short-lived charge-transfer excited state (3CT) and the long-lived pyrene-centered triplet state (3pyr). This TTET process is irreversible in Cu3, producing exclusively the 3pyr state, and in Cu2, the 3CT and 3pyr states are nearly isoenergetic, enabling reversible TTET and long-lived 3CT luminescence. The improved photophysical properties in Cu2 and Cu3 result in improvements in activity for both photocatalytic stilbene E/Z isomerization via triplet energy transfer and photoredox transformations involving hydrodebromination and C-O bond activation. These results illustrate that the extended excited-state lifetimes achieved through TTET result in newly conceived photosynthetically relevant earth-abundant transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dooyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Michael C Rosko
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Thomas G Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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2
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Wellauer J, Ziereisen F, Sinha N, Prescimone A, Velić A, Meyer F, Wenger OS. Iron(III) Carbene Complexes with Tunable Excited State Energies for Photoredox and Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38598280 PMCID: PMC11046485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Substituting precious elements in luminophores and photocatalysts by abundant first-row transition metals remains a significant challenge, and iron continues to be particularly attractive owing to its high natural abundance and low cost. Most iron complexes known to date face severe limitations due to undesirably efficient deactivation of luminescent and photoredox-active excited states. Two new iron(III) complexes with structurally simple chelate ligands enable straightforward tuning of ground and excited state properties, contrasting recent examples, in which chemical modification had a minor impact. Crude samples feature two luminescence bands strongly reminiscent of a recent iron(III) complex, in which this observation was attributed to dual luminescence, but in our case, there is clear-cut evidence that the higher-energy luminescence stems from an impurity and only the red photoluminescence from a doublet ligand-to-metal charge transfer (2LMCT) excited state is genuine. Photoinduced oxidative and reductive electron transfer reactions with methyl viologen and 10-methylphenothiazine occur with nearly diffusion-limited kinetics. Photocatalytic reactions not previously reported for this compound class, in particular the C-H arylation of diazonium salts and the aerobic hydroxylation of boronic acids, were achieved with low-energy red light excitation. Doublet-triplet energy transfer (DTET) from the luminescent 2LMCT state to an anthracene annihilator permits the proof of principle for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion based on a molecular iron photosensitizer. These findings are relevant for the development of iron complexes featuring photophysical and photochemical properties competitive with noble-metal-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Wellauer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Ziereisen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Narayan Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ajdin Velić
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Kim D, Dang VQ, Teets TS. Improved transition metal photosensitizers to drive advances in photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 15:77-94. [PMID: 38131090 PMCID: PMC10732135 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To function effectively in a photocatalytic application, a photosensitizer's light absorption, excited-state lifetime, and redox potentials, both in the ground state and excited state, are critically important. The absorption profile is particularly relevant to applications involving solar harvesting, whereas the redox potentials and excited-state lifetimes determine the thermodynamics, kinetics, and quantum yields of photoinduced redox processes. This perspective article focuses on synthetic inorganic and organometallic approaches to optimize these three characteristics of transition-metal based photosensitizers. We include our own work in these areas, which has focused extensively on exceptionally strong cyclometalated iridium photoreductants that enable challenging reductive photoredox transformations on organic substrates, and more recent work which has led to improved solar harvesting in charge-transfer copper(i) chromophores, an emerging class of earth-abundant compounds particularly relevant to solar-energy applications. We also extensively highlight many other complementary strategies for optimizing these parameters and highlight representative examples from the recent literature. It remains a significant challenge to simultaneously optimize all three of these parameters at once, since improvements in one often come at the detriment of the others. These inherent trade-offs and approaches to obviate or circumvent them are discussed throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dooyoung Kim
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Vinh Q Dang
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Thomas S Teets
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
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4
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Olumba ME, O'Donnell RM, Rohrabaugh TN, Teets TS. Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer in Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes with Pyrene-Substituted Isocyanides. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13702-13711. [PMID: 37579498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are able to modulate responses of electromagnetic radiation, leading to phenomena critical to modern telecommunications technologies. The last two decades have seen significant advances in the area of molecular nonlinear chromophores, particularly with respect to reverse-saturable absorption (RSA). Here, we introduce a strategy for intense excited-state absorption (ESA) that involves bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes with isocyanide ancillary ligands decorated with pyrene triplet acceptors. Upon excitation, the complexes undergo rapid triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) to the acceptor excited states. This report describes five bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes using two different pyrene-substituted isocyanides with the general formula [Ir(C^N)2(CNAr)2]PF6 (C^N = cyclometalating ligand, CNAr = isocyanide ancillary ligand: CNArpyr = 2,6-dimethyl-4-(1-pyrenyl)phenyl isocyanide, CNpyr = 1-pyrenyl isocyanide). The synthesized complexes were thoroughly characterized via 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The excited states were evaluated with UV-vis absorption, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence, and transient absorption spectroscopy. Phosphorescence is completely quenched at room temperature, but in the solvent glass matrix at 77 K, there is luminescence originating from a π → π* triplet state on the pyrene moiety, abbreviated herein as 3pyrene. All five complexes display intense and long-lived ESA originating from the 3pyrene state. The localization of the ground-state absorption on the cyclometalating ligands and the excited-state absorption on the pyrene moiety allows for independent tuning of ground-state absorption (GSA) and ESA to optimize RSA and other NLO attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris E Olumba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ryan M O'Donnell
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Thomas N Rohrabaugh
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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5
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Yang G, Shillito GE, Zens C, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Kupfer S. The three kingdoms-Photoinduced electron transfer cascades controlled by electronic couplings. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:024109. [PMID: 37428052 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Excited states are the key species in photocatalysis, while the critical parameters that govern their applications are (i) excitation energy, (ii) accessibility, and (iii) lifetime. However, in molecular transition metal-based photosensitizers, there is a design tension between the creation of long-lived excited (triplet), e.g., metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) states and the population of such states. Long-lived triplet states have low spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and hence their population is low. Thus, a long-lived triplet state can be populated but inefficiently. If the SOC is increased, the triplet state population efficiency is improved-coming at the cost of decreasing the lifetime. A promising strategy to isolate the triplet excited state away from the metal after intersystem crossing (ISC) involves the combination of transition metal complex and an organic donor/acceptor group. Here, we elucidate the excited state branching processes in a series of Ru(II)-terpyridyl push-pull triads by quantum chemical simulations. Scalar-relativistic time-dependent density theory simulations reveal that efficient ISC takes place along 1/3MLCT gateway states. Subsequently, competitive electron transfer (ET) pathways involving the organic chromophore, i.e., 10-methylphenothiazinyl and the terpyridyl ligands are available. The kinetics of the underlying ET processes were investigated within the semiclassical Marcus picture and along efficient internal reaction coordinates that connect the respective photoredox intermediates. The key parameter that governs the population transfer away from the metal toward the organic chromophore either by means of ligand-to-ligand (3LLCT; weakly coupled) or intra-ligand charge transfer (3ILCT; strongly coupled) states was determined to be the magnitude of the involved electronic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Yang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Georgina E Shillito
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Clara Zens
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) e.V. Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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6
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Li H, Wang C, Glaser F, Sinha N, Wenger OS. Metal-Organic Bichromophore Lowers the Upconversion Excitation Power Threshold and Promotes UV Photoreactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11402-11414. [PMID: 37186558 PMCID: PMC10214436 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion is a promising strategy to use visible light for chemical reactions requiring the energy input of UV photons. This strategy avoids unsafe ultraviolet light sources and can mitigate photo-damage and provide access to reactions, for which filter effects hamper direct UV excitation. Here, we report a new approach to make blue-to-UV upconversion more amenable to photochemical applications. The tethering of a naphthalene unit to a cyclometalated iridium(III) complex yields a bichromophore with a high triplet energy (2.68 eV) and a naphthalene-based triplet reservoir featuring a lifetime of 72.1 μs, roughly a factor of 20 longer than the photoactive excited state of the parent iridium(III) complex. In combination with three different annihilators, consistently lower thresholds for the blue-to-UV upconversion to crossover from a quadratic into a linear excitation power dependence regime were observed with the bichromophore compared to the parent iridium(III) complex. The upconversion system composed of the bichromophore and the 2,5-diphenyloxazole annihilator is sufficiently robust under long-term blue irradiation to continuously provide a high-energy singlet-excited state that can drive chemical reactions normally requiring UV light. Both photoredox and energy transfer catalyses were feasible using this concept, including the reductive N-O bond cleavage of Weinreb amides, a C-C coupling reaction based on reductive aryl debromination, and two Paternò-Büchi [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions. Our work seems relevant in the context of developing new strategies for driving energetically demanding photochemistry with low-energy input light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Narayan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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7
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Davidson R, Hsu YT, Fox MA, Aguilar JA, Yufit D, Beeby A. Tuning Emission Lifetimes of Ir(C^N) 2(acac) Complexes with Oligo(phenyleneethynylene) Groups. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2793-2805. [PMID: 36705986 PMCID: PMC9930119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Emissive compounds with long emission lifetimes (μs to ms) in the visible region are of interest for a range of applications, from oxygen sensing to cellular imaging. The emission behavior of Ir(ppy)2(acac) complexes (where ppy is the 2-phenylpyridyl chelate and acac is the acetylacetonate chelate) with an oligo(para-phenyleneethynylene) (OPE3) motif containing three para-rings and two ethynyl bridges attached to acac or ppy is examined here due to the accessibility of the long-lived OPE3 triplet states. Nine Ir(ppy)2(acac) complexes with OPE3 units are synthesized where the OPE3 motif is at the acac moiety (aOPE3), incorporated in the ppy chelate (pOPE3) or attached to ppy via a durylene link (dOPE3). The aOPE3 and dOPE3 complexes contain OPE3 units that are decoupled from the Ir(ppy)2(acac) core by adopting perpendicular ring-ring orientations, whereas the pOPE3 complexes have OPE3 integrated into the ppy ligand to maximize electronic coupling with the Ir(ppy)2(acac) core. While the conjugated pOPE3 complexes show emission lifetimes of 0.69-32.8 μs similar to the lifetimes of 1.00-23.1 μs for the non-OPE3 Ir(ppy)2(acac) complexes synthesized here, the decoupled aOPE3 and dOPE3 complexes reveal long emission lifetimes of 50-625 μs. The long lifetimes found in aOPE3 and dOPE3 complexes are due to intramolecular reversible electronic energy transfer (REET) where the long-lived triplet-state metal to ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) states exchange via REET with the even longer-lived triplet-state localized OPE3 states. The proposed REET process is supported by changes observed in excitation wavelength-dependent and time-dependent emission spectra from aOPE3 and dOPE3 complexes, whereas emission spectra from pOPE3 complexes remain independent of the excitation wavelength and time due to the well-established 3MLCT states of many Ir(ppy)2(acac) complexes. The long lifetimes, visible emission maxima (524-526 nm), and photoluminescent quantum yields of 0.44-0.60 for the dOPE3 complexes indicate the possibility of utilizing such compounds in oxygen-sensing and cellular imaging applications.
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8
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Sell AC, Wetzel JC, Schmitz M, Maijenburg AW, Woltersdorf G, Naumann R, Kerzig C. Water-soluble ruthenium complex-pyrene dyads with extended triplet lifetimes for efficient energy transfer applications. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10799-10808. [PMID: 35788236 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Long triplet lifetimes of excited photosensitizers are essential for efficient energy transfer reactions in water, given that the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and suitable acceptors in aqueous media are typically much lower than in organic solvents. Herein, we report the design, synthesis and photochemical characterization of two structurally related water-soluble ruthenium complex-based dyads decorated with a covalently attached pyrene chromophore. The triplet energy of the latter is slightly below that of the metal complex enabling a so-called triplet reservoir and excited-state lifetime extensions of up to two orders of magnitude. The diimine co-ligands, which can be modified easily, have a major impact on both the ultrafast intramolecular energy transfer (iEnT) kinetics upon excitation with visible light and the lifetime of the resulting long-lived pyrene triplet. The phenanthroline-containing dyad shows fast triplet pyrene formation (25 ps) and an exceptionally long triplet lifetime beyond 50 microseconds in neat water. The iEnT process via the Dexter mechanism is slower by a factor of two when bipyridine co-ligands are employed, which is rationalized by a poor orbital overlap. Both dyads are very efficient sensitizers for the formation of singlet oxygen in air-saturated water as well as for the bimolecular generation of anthracene triplets that are key intermediates in upconversion mechanisms. This is demonstrated by the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation, which yields completely different main products depending on the pH value of the aqueous solution, as an initial application-related experiment and by time-resolved spectroscopy. Our findings are important in the greater contexts of photocatalysis and energy conversion in the "green" solvent water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne C Sell
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Julius C Wetzel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - A Wouter Maijenburg
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Georg Woltersdorf
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Robert Naumann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany. .,Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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9
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Chettri A, Cole HD, Roque JA, Schneider KRA, Yang T, Cameron CG, McFarland SA, Dietzek-Ivanšić B. Interaction with a Biomolecule Facilitates the Formation of the Function-Determining Long-Lived Triplet State in a Ruthenium Complex for Photodynamic Therapy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1336-1344. [PMID: 35179905 PMCID: PMC8903189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
TLD1433 is the first ruthenium (Ru)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent to advance to clinical trials and is currently in a phase II study for treating nonmuscle bladder cancer with PDT. Herein, we present a photophysical study of TLD1433 and its derivative TLD1633 using complex, biologically relevant solvents to elucidate the excited-state properties that are key for biological activity. The complexes incorporate an imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (IP) ligand appended to α-ter- or quaterthiophene, respectively, where TLD1433 = [Ru(4,4'-dmb)2(IP-3T)]Cl2 and TLD1633 = [Ru(4,4'-dmb)2(IP-4T)]Cl2 (4,4'-dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine; 3T = α-terthiophene; 4T = α-quaterthiophene). Time-resolved transient absorption experiments demonstrate that the excited-state dynamics of the complexes change upon interaction with biological macromolecules (e.g., DNA). In this case, the accessibility of the lowest-energy triplet intraligand charge-transfer (3ILCT) state (T1) is increased at the expense of a higher-lying 3ILCT state. We attribute this behavior to the increased rigidity of the ligand framework upon binding to DNA, which prolongs the lifetime of the T1 state. This lowest-lying state is primarily responsible for O2 sensitization and hence photoinduced cytotoxicity. Therefore, to gain a realistic picture of the excited-state kinetics that underlie the photoinduced function of the complexes, it is necessary to interrogate their photophysical dynamics in the presence of biological targets once they are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chettri
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Houston D. Cole
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - John A. Roque
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arlington, TX 76019, USA,The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Kilian R. A. Schneider
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tingxiang Yang
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Colin G. Cameron
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Sherri A. McFarland
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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10
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Sasaki Y, Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Osmium Complex-Chromophore Conjugates with Both Singlet-to-Triplet Absorption and Long Triplet Lifetime through Tuning of the Heavy-Atom Effect. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5982-5990. [PMID: 35080875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Os(II) complexes showing singlet-to-triplet absorption are of growing interest as a new class of triplet sensitizers that circumvent energy loss during intersystem crossing, and they enable effective utilization of input photon energy in various applications, such as photoredox catalysis, photodynamic therapy, and photon upconversion. However, triplet excited-state lifetimes of Os(II) complexes are often too short (τ < 1 μs) to transfer their energy to neighboring molecules. While the covalent conjugation of chromophores has been known to extend the net excited-state lifetimes through an intramolecular triplet energy transfer (IMET), heavy-atom effects of the central metals on the attached chromophore units have rarely been discussed. Here, we investigate the relationship between the spin-density contribution of the heavy metals and the net triplet excited-state lifetimes for a series of Os(II) and Ru(II) bis(terpyridine) complexes modified with perylene units. Phosphorescence lifetimes of these compounds strongly depend on the lifetimes of the perylenyl group-localized excited states that are shortened by the heavy-atom effect. The degree of heavy-atom effect can be largely circumvented by introducing meta-phenylene bridges, where the perylene unit retains its intrinsic long excited-state lifetime. The thermal activation to the short-lived excited states is suppressed, thanks to sufficient but still small energy losses during the IMET process. Involvement of the metal center was also confirmed by the prolonged lifetime by replacing Os(II) with Ru(II) that possesses a smaller spin-orbit coupling constant. These results indicate the importance of ligand structures that give a minimum heavy-atom effect as well as the sufficient energy gap among the excited states and fast IMET for elongating the triplet excited-state lifetime without sacrificing the excitation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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11
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Wegeberg C, Häussinger D, Wenger OS. Pyrene-Decoration of a Chromium(0) Tris(diisocyanide) Enhances Excited State Delocalization: A Strategy to Improve the Photoluminescence of 3d 6 Metal Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15800-15811. [PMID: 34516734 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a long-standing interest in iron(II) complexes that emit from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states, analogous to ruthenium(II) polypyridines. The 3d6 electrons of iron(II) are exposed to a relatively weak ligand field, rendering nonradiative relaxation of MLCT states via metal-centered excited states undesirably efficient. For isoelectronic chromium(0), chelating diisocyanide ligands recently provided access to very weak MLCT emission in solution at room temperature. Here, we present a concept that boosts the luminescence quantum yield of a chromium(0) isocyanide complex by nearly 2 orders of magnitude, accompanied by a significant increase of the MLCT lifetime. Pyrene units in the diisocyanide ligand backbone lead to an enlarged π-conjugation system and to a strongly delocalized MLCT state, from which nonradiative relaxation is less dominant despite a sizable redshift of the emission. While the pyrene moiety is electronically coupled to the core of the chromium(0) complex in the excited state, UV-vis absorption and 2D NMR spectroscopy show that this is not the case in the ground state. Luminescence lifetimes and quantum yields for our pyrenyl-decorated chromium(0) complex exhibit an unusual bell-shaped dependence on solvent polarity, indicative of two counteracting effects governing the MLCT deactivation. These two effects are identified as predominant deactivation either through an energetically nearby lying metal-centered state in the most apolar solvents, or alternatively via direct nonradiative relaxation to the ground state following the energy gap law in more polar solvents. This is the first example of a 3d6 MLCT emitter to benefit from an increased π-conjugation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Chettri A, Schneider KRA, Cole HD, Roque JA, Cameron CG, McFarland SA, Dietzek B. String-Attached Oligothiophene Substituents Determine the Fate of Excited States in Ruthenium Complexes for Photodynamic Therapy. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6985-6994. [PMID: 34370485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We explore the photophysical properties of a family of Ru(II) complexes, Ru-ip-nT, designed as photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The complexes incorporate a 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]-phenanthroline (ip) ligand appended to one or more thiophene rings. One of the complexes studied herein, Ru-ip-3T (known as TLD1433), is currently in phase II human clinical trials for treating bladder cancer by PDT. The potent photocytotoxicity of Ru-ip-3T is attributed to a long-lived intraligand charge-transfer triplet state. The accessibility of this state changes upon varying the length (n) of the oligothiophene substituent. In this paper, we highlight the impact of n on the ultrafast photoinduced dynamics in Ru-ip-nT, leading to the formation of the function-determining long-lived state. Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption combined with resonance Raman data was used to map the excited-state relaxation processes from the Franck-Condon point of absorption to the formation of the lowest-energy triplet excited state, which is a triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state for Ru-ip-0T-1T and an oligothienyl-localized triplet intraligand charge-transfer excited state for Ru-ip-2T-4T. We establish the structure-activity relationships with regard to changes in the excited-state dynamics as a function of thiophene chain length, which alters the photophysics of the complexes and presumably impacts the photocytotoxicity of these PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chettri
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kilian R A Schneider
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Houston D Cole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - John A Roque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Colin G Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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13
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Shillito GE, Bodman SE, Mapley JI, Fitchett CM, Gordon KC. Accessing a Long-Lived 3LC State in a Ruthenium(II) Phenanthroline Complex with Appended Aromatic Groups. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16967-16975. [PMID: 33175498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of a series of heteroleptic Ru(II) complexes of the form [Ru(phen)2(phen-5,6-R2)]2+, where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and R = phenyl (Ph), p-tert-butylbenzene (p-Ph-tBu), p-methoxybenzene (p-Ph-OMe), and 2-naphthalene (2-naph), have been measured. Variation of the R group does not greatly perturb the electronic properties of the ground state, which were explored with electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy and are akin to those of the archetypal parent complex [Ru(phen)3]2+. All complexes were shown to possess emissive 3MLCT states, characterized through transient absorption and emission spectroscopy. However, an additional, long-lived excited state was observed in the Ru(II) naphthalene complex. The naphthalene substituents facilitate population of a 40 μs dark state which decays independently to that of the emissive 3MLCT state. This state was characterized as 3LC in nature, delocalized over the naphthalene substituted ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E Shillito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Samantha E Bodman
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Joseph I Mapley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Christopher M Fitchett
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
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14
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Zhang X, Hou Y, Xiao X, Chen X, Hu M, Geng X, Wang Z, Zhao J. Recent development of the transition metal complexes showing strong absorption of visible light and long-lived triplet excited state: From molecular structure design to photophysical properties and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Wells KA, Yarnell JE, Palmer JR, Lee TS, Papa CM, Castellano FN. Energy Migration Processes in Re(I) MLCT Complexes Featuring a Chromophoric Ancillary Ligand. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8259-8271. [PMID: 32491840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present the synthesis, structural characterization, electronic structure calculations, and ultrafast and supra-nanosecond photophysical properties of a series of five Re(I) bichromophores exhibiting metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states based on the general formula fac-[Re(N∧N)(CO)3(PNI-py)]PF6, where PNI-py is 4-piperidinyl-1,8-naphthalimidepyridine and N∧N is a diimine ligand (Re1-5), along with their corresponding model chromophores where 4-ethylpyridine was substituted for PNI-py (Mod1-5). The diimine ligands used include 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, 1), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (bcp, 2), 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dtbb, 3), 4,4'-diethyl ester-2,2'-bipyridine (deeb, 4), and 2,2'-biquinoline (biq, 5). In these metal-organic bichromophores, structural modification of the diimine ligand resulted in substantial changes to the observed energy transfer efficiencies between the two chromophores as a result of the variation in 3MLCT excited-state energies. The photophysical properties and energetic pathways of the model chromophores were investigated in parallel to accurately track the changes that arose from introduction of the organic chromophore pendant on the ancillary ligand. All relevant photophysical and energy transfer processes were probed and characterized using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, ultrafast and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Of the five bichromophores in this study, four (Re1-4) exhibited a thermal equilibrium between the 3PNI-py and the 3MLCT excited state, drastically extending the lifetimes of the parent model chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee A Wells
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - James E Yarnell
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840-6230, United States
| | - Jonathan R Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Tia S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Christopher M Papa
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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16
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Yonemoto DT, Papa CM, Mongin C, Castellano FN. Thermally Activated Delayed Photoluminescence: Deterministic Control of Excited-State Decay. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10883-10893. [PMID: 32497428 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated photophysical processes are ubiquitous in numerous organic and metal-organic molecules, leading to chromophores with excited-state properties that can be considered an equilibrium mixture of the available low-lying states. Relative populations of the equilibrated states are governed by temperature. Such molecules have been devised as high quantum yield emitters in modern organic light-emitting diode technology and for deterministic excited-state lifetime control to enhance chemical reactivity in solar energy conversion and photocatalytic schemes. The recent discovery of thermally activated photophysics at CdSe nanocrystal-molecule interfaces enables a new paradigm wherein molecule-quantum dot constructs are used to systematically generate material with predetermined photophysical response and excited-state properties. Semiconductor nanomaterials feature size-tunable energy level engineering, which considerably expands the purview of thermally activated photophysics beyond what is possible using only molecules. This Perspective is intended to provide a nonexhaustive overview of the advances that led to the integration of semiconductor quantum dots in thermally activated delayed photoluminescence (TADPL) schemes and to identify important challenges moving into the future. The initial establishment of excited-state lifetime extension utilizing triplet-triplet excited-state equilibria is detailed. Next, advances involving the rational design of molecules composed of both metal-containing and organic-based chromophores that produce the desired TADPL are described. Finally, the recent introduction of semiconductor nanomaterials into hybrid TADPL constructs is discussed, paving the way toward the realization of fine-tuned deterministic control of excited-state decay. It is envisioned that libraries of synthetically facile composites will be broadly deployed as photosensitizers and light emitters for numerous synthetic and optoelectronic applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Yonemoto
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Christopher M Papa
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Cedric Mongin
- Laboratoire PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan CEDEX, France
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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17
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Walsh JC, Hogan DT, Williams KLM, Brake SD, Venkataramana G, Misener TA, Wallace BJ, Johnson RP, Thompson DW, Zhao Y, Wagner BD, Bodwell GJ. Synthesis of Oligo(1,8-pyrenylene)s: A Series of Functional Molecular Liquids. Chempluschem 2020; 84:754-765. [PMID: 31944011 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A monomer-through-pentamer series of oligo(1,8-pyrenylene)s was synthesized using a two-step iterative synthetic strategy. The trimer, tetramer, and pentamer are mixtures of atropisomers that interconvert slowly at room temperature (as shown by variable-temperature NMR analysis). They are liquids well below room temperature, as indicated by POM, DSC and SWAXS analysis. These oligomers are highly fluorescent both in the liquid state and in dilute solution (λF,max = 444-457 nm, φF = 0.80) and an investigation of their photophysical properties demonstrated that delocalization plays a larger role in their excited states than it does in related pyrene-based oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Walsh
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - David T Hogan
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Kerry-Lynn M Williams
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Simon D Brake
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Gandikota Venkataramana
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Tara A Misener
- Chemistry Department, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Brandon J Wallace
- Chemistry Department, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Richard P Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - David W Thompson
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Brian D Wagner
- Chemistry Department, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Graham J Bodwell
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
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18
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Ghosh G, Yin H, Monro SMA, Sainuddin T, Lapoot L, Greer A, McFarland SA. Synthesis and Characterization of Ru(II) Complexes with π-Expansive Imidazophen Ligands for the Photokilling of Human Melanoma Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:349-357. [PMID: 31730278 DOI: 10.1111/php.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ru(II) complexes were synthesized with π-expanding (phenyl, fluorenyl, phenanthrenyl, naphthalen-1-yl, naphthalene-2-yl, anthryl and pyrenyl groups) attached at a 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligand and 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (4,4'-dmb) coligands. These Ru(II) complexes were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR, and mass spectroscopy, and studied for visible light and dark toxicity to human malignant melanoma SK-MEL-28 cells. In the SK-MEL-28 cells, the Ru(II) complexes are highly phototoxic (EC50 = 0.2-0.5 µm) and have low dark toxicity (EC50 = 58-230 µm). The highest phototherapeutic index (PI) of the series was found with the Ru(II) complex bearing the 2-(pyren-1-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligand. This high PI is in part attributed to the π-rich character added by the pyrenyl group, and a possible low-lying and longer-lived 3 IL state due to equilibration with the 3 MLCT state. While this pyrenyl Ru(II) complex possessed a relatively high quantum yield for singlet oxygen formation (Φ∆ = 0.84), contributions from type-I processes (oxygen radicals and radical ions) are competitive with the type-II (1 O2 ) process based on effects of added sodium azide and solvent deuteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Huimin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Susan M A Monro
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Tariq Sainuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Lloyd Lapoot
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, TX.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, NC
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19
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Jin Z, Qi S, Guo X, Tian N, Hou Y, Li C, Wang X, Zhou Q. Smart use of “ping-pong” energy transfer to improve the two-photon photodynamic activity of an Ir(iii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2845-2848. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A two-photon excited “Ping-Pong” type energy transfer process is for the first time disclosed for enhancing two-photon PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Shuang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Na Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanjun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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20
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Yarnell JE, Wells KA, Palmer JR, Breaux JM, Castellano FN. Excited-State Triplet Equilibria in a Series of Re(I)-Naphthalimide Bichromophores. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7611-7627. [PMID: 31405284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present the synthesis, structural characterization, electronic structure calculations, and the ultrafast and supra-nanosecond photophysical properties of a series of five bichromophores of the general structural formula [Re(5-R-phen)(CO)3(dmap)](PF6), where R is a naphthalimide (NI), phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and dmap is 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The NI chromophores were systematically modified at their 4-positions with -H (NI), -Br (BrNI), phenoxy (PONI), thiobenzene (PSNI), and piperidine (PNI), rendering a series of metal-organic bichromophores (Re1-Re5, respectively) featuring variability in the singlet and triplet energies in the pendant NI subunit. Five closely related organic chromophores as well as [Re(phen)(CO)3(dmap)](PF6) (Re6) were investigated in parallel to appropriately model the photophysical properties exhibited in the bichromophores. The excited state processes of all molecules in this study were elucidated using a combination of transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, revealing the kinetics of the energy transfer processes occurring between the appended chromophores. The spectroscopic analysis was further supported by electronic structure calculations which identified the origin of many of the experimentally observed electronic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Yarnell
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840-6230 United States
| | - Kaylee A Wells
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan R Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Josué M Breaux
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840-6230 United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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21
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Reichardt C, Monro S, Sobotta FH, Colón KL, Sainuddin T, Stephenson M, Sampson E, Roque J, Yin H, Brendel JC, Cameron CG, McFarland S, Dietzek B. Predictive Strength of Photophysical Measurements for in Vitro Photobiological Activity in a Series of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Derived from π-Extended Ligands. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3156-3166. [PMID: 30763081 PMCID: PMC6500734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the correlation between photocytotoxicity and the prolonged excited-state lifetimes exhibited by certain Ru(II) polypyridyl photosensitizers comprised of π-expansive ligands. The eight metal complexes selected for this study differ markedly in their triplet state configurations and lifetimes. Human melanoma SKMEL28 and human leukemia HL60 cells were used as in vitro models to test photocytotoxicity induced by the compounds when activated by either broadband visible or monochromatic red light. The photocytotoxicities of the metal complexes investigated varied over 2 orders of magnitude and were positively correlated with their excited-state lifetimes. The complexes with the longest excited-state lifetimes, contributed by low-lying 3IL states, were the most phototoxic toward cancer cells under all conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reichardt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Susan Monro
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Fabian H. Sobotta
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Katsuya L. Colón
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Tariq Sainuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Mat Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Eric Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - John Roque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Huimin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Colin G. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Sherri McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
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22
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Zhong F, Zhao J, Hayvali M, Elmali A, Karatay A. Effect of Molecular Conformation Restriction on the Photophysical Properties of N^N Platinum(II) Bis(ethynylnaphthalimide) Complexes Showing Close-Lying 3MLCT and 3LE Excited States. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1850-1861. [PMID: 30672269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using naphthalimide (NI), complexes (Pt-PhNI and Pt-PhMeNI) based on the N^N platinum(II) bis(phenylacetylide) coordination framework were prepared, in which there are two close-lying triplet states, i.e., the metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (3MLCT) and the NI localized emissive state (3LE). Pt-PhNI has better electronic communication between the Pt coordination center and the NI moiety, whereas in Pt-PhMeNI, they are more isolated by orthogonal geometry. For Pt-PhMeNI, the S0 → 1MLCT and S0 → 1LE absorption bands are separated by 5655 cm-1, while they are more overlapped in Pt-PhNI. The 3MLCT → S0 and 3LE → S0 dual phosphorescence emissions were observed for both Pt-PhNI (in toluene) and Pt-PhMeNI (in benzonitrile). The molecular conformation tunes the 3MLCT/3LE state population ratio, and the orthogonal geometry makes the 3LE state in Pt-PhMeNI basically a dark state (in toluene). Switching of the relative energy levels of the 3MLCT/3LE states by variation of the solvent polarity and temperature was achieved. For Pt-PhMeNI, the energy level of 3MLCT state is higher in a polar solvent; thus, the 3MLCT emission decreases, while the phosphorescence lifetime is prolonged from 9.5 μs (in toluene) to 58 μs (in benzonitrile) because of the different equilibria with the nonemissive 3LE state. Conversely, increasing the temperature enhances the upward transition from the nonemissive 3LE state to the emissive 3MLCT state; as such, the phosphorescence of Pt-PhMeNI was intensified at higher temperature (which is unusual), and the phosphorescence lifetime decreased from 58 μs (298 K) to ca. 5 μs (348 K). The ultrafast intersystem crossing (ca. 0.5 ps) and intramolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer (3-11 ps) were studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. These results are useful for an in-depth understanding of the photophysics of multichromophore transition-metal complexes and for the design of external stimuli-responsive sensing materials, for instance, temperature or microenvironment sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
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23
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Liyanage NP, Yang W, Guertin S, Sinha Roy S, Carpenter CA, Adams RE, Schmehl RH, Delcamp JH, Jurss JW. Photochemical CO2 reduction with mononuclear and dinuclear rhenium catalysts bearing a pendant anthracene chromophore. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:993-996. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined dinuclear rhenium photocatalysts featuring an anthracene chromophore are significantly faster and more durable than their mononuclear counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- USA
| | - Jonah W. Jurss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- USA
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24
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Ghosh G, Colón KL, Fuller A, Sainuddin T, Bradner E, McCain J, Monro SMA, Yin H, Hetu MW, Cameron CG, McFarland SA. Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Complexes Derived from α-Oligothiophenes as Highly Selective Cytotoxic or Photocytotoxic Agents. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7694-7712. [PMID: 29927243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical and photobiological properties of a new class of cyclometalated ruthenium(II) compounds incorporating π-extended benzo[ h]imidazo[4,5- f]quinoline (IBQ) cyclometalating ligands (C^N) bearing thienyl rings ( n = 1-4, compounds 1-4) were investigated. Their octanol-water partition coefficients (log Po/w) were positive and increased with n. Their absorption and emission energies were red-shifted substantially compared to the analogous Ru(II) diimine (N^N) complexes. They displayed C^N-based intraligand (IL) fluorescence and triplet excited-state absorption that shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing n and N^N-based metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) phosphorescence that was independent of n. Their photoluminescence lifetimes (τem) ranged from 4-10 ns for 1IL states and 12-18 ns for 3MLCT states. Transient absorption lifetimes (τTA) were 5-8 μs with 355 nm excitation, ascribed to 3IL states that became inaccessible for 1-3 with 532 nm excitation (1-3, τTA = 16-17 ns); the 3IL of 4 only was accessible by lower energy excitation, τTA = 3.8 μs. Complex 4 was nontoxic (EC50 > 300 μM) to SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells and CCD1064-Sk normal skin fibroblasts in the dark, while 3 was selectively cytotoxic to melanoma (EC50= 5.1 μM) only. Compounds 1 and 2 were selective for melanoma cells in the dark, with submicromolar potencies (EC50 = 350-500 nM) and selectivity factors (SFs) around 50. The photocytotoxicities of compounds 1-4 toward melanoma cells were similar, but only compounds 3 and 4 displayed significant phototherapeutic indices (PIs; 3, 43; 4, >1100). The larger cytotoxicities for compounds 1 and 2 were attributed to increased cellular uptake and nuclear accumulation, and possibly related to the DNA-aggregating properties of all four compounds as demonstrated by cell-free gel mobility-shift assays. Together, these results demonstrate a new class of thiophene-containing Ru(II) cyclometalated compounds that contain both highly selective chemotherapeutic agents and extremely potent photocytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 , Canada
| | - Katsuya L Colón
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Anderson Fuller
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 , Canada
| | - Tariq Sainuddin
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 , Canada
| | - Evan Bradner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Julia McCain
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 , Canada
| | - Susan M A Monro
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 , Canada
| | - Huimin Yin
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 , Canada
| | - Marc W Hetu
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 , Canada
| | - Colin G Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
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25
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Synthesis, solvatochromism, photochemistry, DNA binding, photocleavage, cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies of a ruthenium(II) complex bearing photoactive subunit. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Hayes D, Kohler L, Hadt RG, Zhang X, Liu C, Mulfort KL, Chen LX. Excited state electron and energy relays in supramolecular dinuclear complexes revealed by ultrafast optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:860-875. [PMID: 29629153 PMCID: PMC5873173 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of photoinduced electron and energy transfer in a family of tetrapyridophenazine-bridged heteroleptic homo- and heterodinuclear copper(i) bis(phenanthroline)/ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes were studied using ultrafast optical and multi-edge X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies. This work combines the synthesis of heterodinuclear Cu(i)-Ru(ii) analogs of the homodinuclear Cu(i)-Cu(i) targets with spectroscopic analysis and electronic structure calculations to first disentangle the dynamics at individual metal sites by taking advantage of the element and site specificity of X-ray absorption and theoretical methods. The excited state dynamical models developed for the heterodinuclear complexes are then applied to model the more challenging homodinuclear complexes. These results suggest that both intermetallic charge and energy transfer can be observed in an asymmetric dinuclear copper complex in which the ground state redox potentials of the copper sites are offset by only 310 meV. We also demonstrate the ability of several of these complexes to effectively and unidirectionally shuttle energy between different metal centers, a property that could be of great use in the design of broadly absorbing and multifunctional multimetallic photocatalysts. This work provides an important step toward developing both a fundamental conceptual picture and a practical experimental handle with which synthetic chemists, spectroscopists, and theoreticians may collaborate to engineer cheap and efficient photocatalytic materials capable of performing coulombically demanding chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugan Hayes
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Lars Kohler
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
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27
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Ayadi A, Branzea DG, Allain M, Canevet D, Dinçalp H, El-Ghayoury A. Coordination entities of a pyrene-based iminopyridine ligand: Structural and photophysical properties. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Nakagawa A, Ito A, Sakuda E, Fujii S, Kitamura N. Bright and Long-Lived Emission from a Starburst-Type Arylborane-Appended Polypyridyl Ruthenium(II) Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakagawa
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Hokkaido University; Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku 060-0810 Sapporo Japan
| | - Akitaka Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering/School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Kochi University of Technology; 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami 782-8502 Kochi Japan
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi 852-8521 Nagasaki Japan
| | - Sho Fujii
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Hokkaido University; Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku 060-0810 Sapporo Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku 060-0810 Sapporo Japan
| | - Noboru Kitamura
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Hokkaido University; Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku 060-0810 Sapporo Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku 060-0810 Sapporo Japan
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29
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Nomula R, Wu X, Zhao J, Munirathnam NR. Photodynamic effect of light-harvesting, long-lived triplet excited state Ruthenium(II)-polyimine-coumarin complexes: DNA binding, photocleavage and anticancer studies. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [PMID: 28629072 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two coumarin based RuII-polyimine complexes (Ru-1 and Ru-2) showing intense absorption of visible light and long-lived triplet excited states (~12-15μs) were used for study of the interaction with DNA. The binding of the complexes with CT-DNA were studied by UV-vis, fluorescence and time-resolved nanosecond transient absorption (ns-TA) spectroscopy. The results suggesting that the complexes interact with CT-DNA by intercalation mode of binding, showing the binding constants (Kb) 6.47×104 for Ru-1 and 5.94×104 M-1 for Ru-2, in contrast no such results were found for Ru-0. The nanosecond transient absorption spectra of these systems in the presence of CT-DNA showing a clear perturbation in the bleaching region was observed compare to buffer alone. Visible light photoirradiation DNA cleavage was investigated for these complexes by treating with the supercoiled pUC19 DNA and irradiated at 450nm. The reactive species produced upon irradiation of current agents is singlet oxygen (1O2), which results in the generation of other reactive oxygen species (ROS). The complexes shown efficient cleavage activity, converted complete supercoiled DNA to nicked circular at as low as 20μM concentration in 30min of light irradiation time. Significant amount of linear form was generated by Ru-1 at the same conditions. Even though Ru-0 has significant 1O2 quantum yield but shown lower cleavage activity compared to other two analogs is due the miserable interaction (binding) with DNA. The cytotoxicity in vitro of the complexes toward HeLa, BEL-7402 and MG-63 cells was assessed by MTT assay. The cellular uptake was observed on BEL-7402 cells under fluorescence microscope. The complexes shown appreciable cytotoxicity towards the cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nomula
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), IDA Phase-III, Cherlapally, HCL Post, Hyderabad 500051, India
| | - Xueyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Nagegownivari R Munirathnam
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), IDA Phase-III, Cherlapally, HCL Post, Hyderabad 500051, India.
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30
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Tabrizi L. The discovery of half-sandwich iridium complexes containing lidocaine and (pyren-1-yl)ethynyl derivatives of phenylcyanamide ligands for photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7242-7252. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The new design of two cyclopentadienyl iridium(iii) complexes with (pyren-1-yl)ethynyl derivatives of phenylcyanamide and lidocaine ligands, have been studied for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabrizi
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Ireland
- Department of Chemistry
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31
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Kerzig C, Goez M. Combining energy and electron transfer in a supramolecular environment for the "green" generation and utilization of hydrated electrons through photoredox catalysis. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3862-3868. [PMID: 30155030 PMCID: PMC6013799 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a new mechanism that sustainably produces hydrated electrons, i.e., extremely strong reductants, yet consumes only green photons (532 nm) and the bioavailable ascorbate as sacrificial donor. The mechanism couples an energy-transfer cycle, in which a light-harvesting ruthenium polypyridine complex absorbs a first photon and passes the excitation energy on to a pyrene-based redox catalyst, with an electron-transfer cycle, in which the resulting triplet is reductively quenched and the energy-rich aryl radical anion is finally ionized by a second photon. Thus separating the roles of primary and secondary absorber permitted choosing a redox catalyst with a nonabsorbing ground state but efficiently ionizable radical anion; the quantum yield of the ionization step in our complex mechanism surpasses that in a simple photoredox cycle featuring only the metal complex by a factor of four. We suppressed undesired cross reactions through the noncovalent interactions of an anionic micelle with the charges of the reactants, intermediates, and products: the cationic light-harvesting complex remains affixed to the micelle surface, which blocks the access of the negatively charged sacrificial donor, aryl radical anion and hydrated electron, but allows the pyrene ground-state almost unhindered entry into the Stern layer despite a carboxylate substituent by virtue of its large dipole moment. We demonstrate the applicability of the mechanism to the reductive detoxification of halogenated organic waste, which hitherto required UV-C for electron generation, by decomposing the typical model compound chloroacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kerzig
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Institut für Chemie , Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 , D-06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany .
| | - Martin Goez
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Institut für Chemie , Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 , D-06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany .
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32
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Padilla R, Maza WA, Dominijanni AJ, Winkel BS, Morris AJ, Brewer KJ. Pushing the limits of structurally-diverse light-harvesting Ru(II) metal-organic chromophores for photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Denisov SA, Yu S, Pozzo JL, Jonusauskas G, McClenaghan ND. Harnessing Reversible Electronic Energy Transfer: From Molecular Dyads to Molecular Machines. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1794-804. [PMID: 26945897 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reversible electronic energy transfer (REET) may be instilled in bi-/multichromophoric molecule-based systems, following photoexcitation, upon judicious structural integration of matched chromophores. This leads to a new set of photophysical properties for the ensemble, which can be fully characterized by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods. Herein, we take a comprehensive look at progress in the development of this type of supermolecule in the last five years, which has seen systems evolve from covalently tethered dyads to synthetic molecular machines, exemplified by two different pseudorotaxanes. Indeed, REET holds promise in the control of movement in molecular machines, their assembly/disassembly, as well as in charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Denisov
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université Bordeaux/ CNRS, 351 crs de la liberation, 33405, Talence cedex, France.,Laboratoire Ondes et Matière O'Aquitaine, Université Bordeaux/ CNRS, 351 crs de la liberation, 33405, Talence cedex, France
| | - Shinlin Yu
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université Bordeaux/ CNRS, 351 crs de la liberation, 33405, Talence cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pozzo
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université Bordeaux/ CNRS, 351 crs de la liberation, 33405, Talence cedex, France
| | - Gediminas Jonusauskas
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière O'Aquitaine, Université Bordeaux/ CNRS, 351 crs de la liberation, 33405, Talence cedex, France
| | - Nathan D McClenaghan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université Bordeaux/ CNRS, 351 crs de la liberation, 33405, Talence cedex, France.
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34
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Yarnell JE, McCusker CE, Leeds AJ, Breaux JM, Castellano FN. Exposing the Excited-State Equilibrium in an IrIIIBichromophore: A Combined Time Resolved Spectroscopy and Computational Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Gupta A, Blakemore JD, Brunschwig BS, Gray HB. Immobilization and electrochemical properties of ruthenium and iridium complexes on carbon electrodes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:094002. [PMID: 26871865 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/9/094002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and surface immobilization of two new pyrene-appended molecular metal complexes: a ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) complex (1) and a bipyridyl complex of [Cp*Ir] (2) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed successful immobilization on high surface area carbon electrodes, with the expected elemental ratios for the desired compounds. Electrochemical data collected in acetonitrile solution revealed a reversible reduction of 1 near -1.4 V, and reduction of 2 near -0.75 V. The noncovalent immobilization, driven by association of the appended pyrene groups with the surface, was sufficiently stable to enable studies of the molecular electrochemistry. Electroactive surface coverage of 1 was diminished by only 27% over three hours soaking in electrolyte solution as measured by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical response of 2 resembled its soluble analogues, and suggested that ligand exchange occurred on the surface. Together, the results demonstrate that noncovalent immobilization routes are suitable for obtaining fundamental understanding of immobilized metal complexes and their reductive electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Gupta
- Beckman Institute and Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 139-74, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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36
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Stacey OJ, Ward BD, Coles SJ, Horton PN, Pope SJA. Chromophore-labelled, luminescent platinum complexes: syntheses, structures, and spectroscopic properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10297-307. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01335j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ligands based upon 4-carboxamide-2-phenylquinoline have been functionalised with naphthyl, anthracenyl and pyrenyl chromophores. The pyrene appended Pt(ii) complex shows excited state equilibration and a long emission lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon J. Coles
- K National Crystallographic Service
- Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
| | - Peter N. Horton
- K National Crystallographic Service
- Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
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37
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Du L, Lan Z. Ultrafast structural flattening motion in photoinduced excited state dynamics of a bis(diimine) copper(i) complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7641-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06861d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intriguing ultrafast photoinduced structural change dynamics of a prototypical Cu(i) complex, namely, [Cu(dmp)2]+ (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), is investigated based on the theoretical analysis of static and dynamical calculations at the all-atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likai Du
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
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38
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Denisov SA, Gan Q, Wang X, Scarpantonio L, Ferrand Y, Kauffmann B, Jonusauskas G, Huc I, McClenaghan ND. Electronic Energy Transfer Modulation in a Dynamic Foldaxane: Proof-of-Principle of a Lifetime-Based Conformation Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1328-33. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Denisov
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS UMR 5255; 351 Crs de la Libération 33405 Talence France
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS UMR 5798; 351 Crs de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Quan Gan
- Université de Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR5248; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248; France
| | - Xiang Wang
- Université de Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR5248; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248; France
| | - Luca Scarpantonio
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS UMR 5255; 351 Crs de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Université de Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR5248; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248; France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux, UMS3033; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB); 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- CNRS, IECB, UMS3033-INSERM, IECB, US001; France
| | | | - Ivan Huc
- Université de Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR5248; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248; France
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39
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Denisov SA, Gan Q, Wang X, Scarpantonio L, Ferrand Y, Kauffmann B, Jonusauskas G, Huc I, McClenaghan ND. Electronic Energy Transfer Modulation in a Dynamic Foldaxane: Proof-of-Principle of a Lifetime-Based Conformation Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Denisov
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS UMR 5255; 351 Crs de la Libération 33405 Talence France
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS UMR 5798; 351 Crs de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Quan Gan
- Université de Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR5248; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248; France
| | - Xiang Wang
- Université de Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR5248; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248; France
| | - Luca Scarpantonio
- Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS UMR 5255; 351 Crs de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Université de Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR5248; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248; France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux, UMS3033; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB); 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- CNRS, IECB, UMS3033-INSERM, IECB, US001; France
| | | | - Ivan Huc
- Université de Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR5248; Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie; 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248; France
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40
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Chen J, Wenger OS. Fluoride binding to an organoboron wire controls photoinduced electron transfer. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3582-3592. [PMID: 29511520 PMCID: PMC5659175 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00964b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that the rates for long-range electron transfer can be controlled actively by tight anion binding to a rigid rod-like molecular bridge. Electron transfer from a triarylamine donor to a photoexcited Ru(bpy)32+ acceptor (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) across a 2,5-diboryl-1,4-phenylene bridge occurs within less than 10 ns in CH2Cl2 at 22 °C. Fluoride anions bind with high affinity to the organoboron bridge due to strong Lewis base/Lewis acid interactions, and this alters the electronic structure of the bridge drastically. Consequently, a large tunneling barrier is imposed on photoinduced electron transfer from the triarylamine to the Ru(bpy)32+ complex and hence this process occurs more than two orders of magnitude more slowly, despite the fact that its driving force is essentially unaffected by fluoride addition. Electron transfer rates in proteins could potentially be regulated via a similar fundamental principle, because interactions between charged amino acid side chains and counter-ions can modulate electronic couplings between distant redox partners. In artificial donor-bridge-acceptor compounds, external stimuli have been employed frequently to control electron transfer rates, but the approach of exploiting strong Lewis acid/Lewis base interactions to regulate the tunneling barrier height imposed by a rigid rod-like molecular bridge is conceptually novel and broadly applicable, because it is largely independent of the donor and the acceptor, and because the effect is not based on a change of the driving-force for electron transfer. The principle demonstrated here can potentially be used to switch between conducting and insulating states of molecular wires between electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland .
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures , Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , People's Republic of China
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland .
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41
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Heinz LG, Yushchenko O, Neuburger M, Vauthey E, Wenger OS. Tetramethoxybenzene is a Good Building Block for Molecular Wires: Insights from Photoinduced Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5676-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa G. Heinz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oleksandr Yushchenko
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Markus Neuburger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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42
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Nakamura G, Kondo M, Crisalli M, Lee SK, Shibata A, Ford PC, Masaoka S. Syntheses and properties of phosphine-substituted ruthenium(ii) polypyridine complexes with nitrogen oxides. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:17189-200. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02994e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The substitution lability of the nitrogen oxide ligands of novel phosphine-substituted ruthenium(ii) polypyridine complexes is discussed in comparison with that of the corresponding acetonitrile complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Nakamura
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS)
- Okazaki
- Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science
- School of Physical Sciences
| | - Mio Kondo
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS)
- Okazaki
- Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science
- School of Physical Sciences
| | - Meredith Crisalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California at Santa Barbara
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Sze Koon Lee
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS)
- Okazaki
- Japan
| | | | - Peter C. Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California at Santa Barbara
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS)
- Okazaki
- Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science
- School of Physical Sciences
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43
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The influence of ligand localized excited states on the photophysics of second row and third row transition metal terpyridyl complexes: Recent examples and a case study. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Mardanya S, Karmakar S, Bar M, Baitalik S. Pyrene-biimidazole based Ru(ii) and Os(ii) complexes as highly efficient probes for the visible and near-infrared detection of cyanide in aqueous media. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:21053-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrenyl-biimidazole based Ru(ii) and Os(ii) complexes are used as highly efficient cyanide sensors in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mardanya
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Srikanta Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Manoranjan Bar
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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45
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Mardanya S, Karmakar S, Maity D, Baitalik S. Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Mixed Chelates Based on Pyrenyl–Pyridylimidazole and 2,2′-Bipyridine Ligands as Efficient DNA Intercalators and Anion Sensors. Inorg Chem 2014; 54:513-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502271k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mardanya
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Srikanta Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dinesh Maity
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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46
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Karmakar S, Maity D, Mardanya S, Baitalik S. Multichromophoric Bimetallic Ru(II) Terpyridine Complexes Based on Pyrenyl-bis-phenylimidazole Spacer: Synthesis, Photophysics, Spectroelectrochemistry, and TD-DFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12036-49. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501741r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dinesh Maity
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sourav Mardanya
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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47
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Howarth AJ, Davies DL, Lelj F, Wolf MO, Patrick BO. Tuning the emission lifetime in bis-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes bearing iminopyrene ligands. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11882-9. [PMID: 25347609 DOI: 10.1021/ic501032t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes with the general formula Ir(ppz)2(X^NPyrene), where ppz = 1-phenylpyrazole and X^NPyrene is a bidentate chelate with X = N or O, are reported. Modifications on the ancillary ligand containing pyrene drastically affect the emission lifetimes observed (0.329 to 104 μs). Extended emission lifetimes in these complexes compared to model complexes result from reversible electronic energy transfer or the observation of dual emission containing along-lived pyrene ligand-centered triplet ((3)LC) component. A combination of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques are used to observe reversible electronic energy transfer in solution between the iridium core and pyrene moiety in the complex [Ir(ppz)2(NMe^NCH2Pyr)][PF6] (2), where NMe^NCH2Pyr = N-(pyren-1-ylmethyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethaneimine. Studies on [Ir(ppz)2(NMe^NCH2Pyr)][PF6] in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film reveal that reversible energy transfer is no longer effective, and instead, dual emission with a long-lived (3)LC component from pyrene is observed. Dual emission is observed in additional cyclometalated iridium complexes bearing pyrene-containing ancillary ligands N^NPyrene and O^NPyrene when the complexes are dispersed in a PMMA film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee J Howarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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48
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Liu R, Li Y, Chang J, Waclawik ER, Sun W. Pt(II) Bipyridyl Complexes Bearing Substituted Fluorenyl Motif on the Bipyridyl and Acetylide Ligands: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Reverse Saturable Absorption. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:9516-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500646r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - Jin Chang
- Science
and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George
Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Eric R. Waclawik
- Science
and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George
Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Wenfang Sun
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
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49
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Stephenson M, Reichardt C, Pinto M, Wächtler M, Sainuddin T, Shi G, Yin H, Monro S, Sampson E, Dietzek B, McFarland SA. Ru(II) dyads derived from 2-(1-pyrenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline: versatile photosensitizers for photodynamic applications. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10507-21. [PMID: 24927113 DOI: 10.1021/jp504330s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Combining the best attributes of organic photosensitizers with those of coordination complexes is an elegant way to achieve prolonged excited state lifetimes in Ru(II) dyads. Not only do their reduced radiative and nonradiative rates provide ample time for photosensitization of reactive oxygen species at low oxygen tension but they also harness the unique properties of (3)IL states that can act as discrete units or in concert with (3)MLCT states. The imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline framework provides a convenient tether for linking π-expansive ligands such as pyrene to a Ru(II) scaffold, and the stabilizing coligands can fine-tune the chemical and biological properties of these bichromophoric systems. The resulting dyads described in this study exhibited nanomolar light cytotoxicities against cancer cells with photocytotoxicity indices exceeding 400 for some coligands employed. This potency extended to bacteria, where concentrations as low as 10 nM destroyed 75% of a bacterial population. Notably, these dyads remained extremely active against biofilm with light photocytotoxicities against these more resistant bacterial populations in the 10-100 nM regime. The results from this study demonstrate the versatility of these highly potent photosensitizers in destroying both cancer and bacterial cells and expand the scope of compounds that utilize low-lying (3)IL states for photobiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mat Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University , Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
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50
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Nakamura G, Okamura M, Yoshida M, Suzuki T, Takagi HD, Kondo M, Masaoka S. Electrochemical Behavior of Phosphine-Substituted Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Complexes with a Single Labile Ligand. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7214-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5003644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Go Nakamura
- Department of Structural Molecular Science,
School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama-cho, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masaya Okamura
- Department of Structural Molecular Science,
School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama-cho, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hideo D. Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Research Center
for Material Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mio Kondo
- Department of Structural Molecular Science,
School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama-cho, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), 38 Nishigo-naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ACT-C, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Department of Structural Molecular Science,
School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama-cho, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), 38 Nishigo-naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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