1
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Wenger JS, Johnstone TC. A Sterically Accessible Monomeric Stibine Oxide Activates Organotetrel(IV) Halides, Including C-F and Si-F Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19350-19359. [PMID: 38959432 PMCID: PMC11258792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Phosphine oxides and arsine oxides are common laboratory reagents with diverse applications that stem from the chemistry exhibited by these monomeric species. Stibine oxides are, in contrast, generally dimeric or oligomeric species because of the reactivity-quenching self-association of the highly polarized stiboryl (Sb=O/Sb+-O-) group. We recently isolated Dipp3SbO (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), the first example of a kinetically stabilized monomeric stibine oxide, which exists as a bench-stable solid and bears an unperturbed stiboryl group. Herein, we report the isolation of Mes3SbO (Mes = mesityl), in which the less bulky substituents maintain the monomeric nature of the compound but unlock access to a wider range of reactivity at the unperturbed stiboryl group relative to Dipp3SbO. Mes3SbO was found to be a potent Lewis base in the formation of adducts with the main-group Lewis acids PbMe3Cl and SnMe3Cl. The accessible Lewis acidity at the Sb atom results in a change in the reactivity with GeMe3Cl, SiMe3Cl, and CPh3Cl. With these species, Mes3SbO formally adds the E-Cl (E = Ge, Si, C) bond across the unsaturated stiboryl group to form a 5-coordinate stiborane. The biphilicity of Mes3SbO is sufficiently potent to activate even the C-F and Si-F bonds of C(p-MeOPh)3F and SiEt3F, respectively. These results mark a significant contribution to an increasingly rich literature on the reactivity of polar, unsaturated main-group motifs. Furthermore, these results highlight the utility of a kinetic stabilization approach to access unusual bonding motifs with unquenched reactivity that can be leveraged for small-molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California Santa
Cruz, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Timothy C. Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California Santa
Cruz, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
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2
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Ansmann N, Münch J, Schorpp M, Greb L. Neutral and Anionic Square Planar Palladium(0) Complexes Stabilized by a Silicon Z-Type Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313636. [PMID: 37899304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Anionic [Pd(0)-X]- ate complex were proposed as key intermediates in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling for decades, but their isolation remained elusive. Herein, a chelating Lewis acidic bis(amidophenolato)silane is introduced as a strong Z-type ligand which enables the characterization of the first anionic [Pd(0)-X]- ate complex. Intriguingly, these compounds and the neutral L-Pd(0) analogs exhibit a square planar coordination that is highly unusual for a d10 metal. Theoretical methods scrutinize the interaction between the Lewis acidic Si(IV) center and the late transition metal, while reactivity studies shed light on the potential role of anionic additives in oxidative addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ansmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joshua Münch
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Schorpp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Röther A, Farmer JC, Portwich FL, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Anion-Dependent Reactivity of Mono- and Dinuclear Boron Cations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302544. [PMID: 37641815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The dinuclear bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) borane adduct 2 rapidly reacts with tritylium salts at room temperature but the outcome is strongly impacted by the respective counter-ion. Using tritylium tetrakis(perfluoro-tert-butoxy)aluminate affords - depending on the solvent - either the bis(boronium) ion 4 or the hydride-bridged dication 5. In case of tritylium hexafluorophosphate, however, H/F exchange occurs between boron and phosphorus yielding the dinuclear BF3 adduct 3 along with phosphorus dihydride trifluoride. H/F exchange also takes place when using the mononuclear N-heterocyclic carbene BH3 adduct 6 and hence provides a facile route to PH2 F3 , which is usually synthesized in more complex reaction sequences regularly involving toxic hydrogen fluoride. DFT calculations shed light on the H/F exchange between the borenium ion and the [PF6 ]- counter-ion and the computed mechanism features only small barriers in line with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Röther
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - James C Farmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Flavio L Portwich
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
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4
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Wagler J, Gericke R. Ge-Cu-Complexes Ph(pyO)Ge(μ 2-pyO) 2CuCl and PhGe(μ 2-pyO) 4CuCl-Representatives of Cu(I)→Ge(IV) and Cu(II)→Ge(IV) Dative Bond Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:5442. [PMID: 37513314 PMCID: PMC10385301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylgermaniumpyridine-2-olate PhGe(pyO)3 (compound 1Ge) and CuCl react with the formation of the heteronuclear complex Ph(pyO)Ge(μ2-pyO)2CuCl (2Ge') rather than forming the expected compound PhGe(μ2-pyO)3CuCl (2Ge). Single-point calculations (at the B2T-PLYP level) of the optimized molecular structures confirmed the relative stability of isomer 2Ge' over 2Ge and, for the related silicon congeners, the relative stability of 2Si over 2Si'. Decomposition of a solution of 2Ge' upon access to air provided access to some crystals of the copper(II) compound PhGe(μ2-pyO)4CuCl (3Ge). Compounds 2Ge' and 3Ge were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and the Ge-Cu bonds in these compounds were analyzed with the aid of quantum chemical calculations, e.g., Natural Bond Orbital analyses (NBO), Non-Covalent Interactions descriptor (NCI), and topology of the electron density at bond critical point using Quantum Theory of Atoms-In-Molecules (QTAIM) in conjunction with the related silicon compounds PhSi(μ2-pyO)3CuCl (2Si), PhSi(μ2-pyO)4CuCl (3Si), as well as the potential isomers Ph(pyO)Si(μ2-pyO)2CuCl (2Si') and PhGe(μ2-pyO)3CuCl (2Ge). Pronounced Cu→Ge (over Cu→Si) lone pair donation was found for the Cu(I) compounds, whereas in Cu(II) compounds 3Si and 3Ge, this σ-donation is less pronounced and only marginally enhanced in 3Ge over 3Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wagler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Robert Gericke
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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5
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Warioba CS, Jackson LG, Neal MA, Haines BE. Computational Study on the Role of Zn(II) Z-Type Ligands in Facilitating Diaryl Reductive Elimination from Pt(II). Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chisondi S. Warioba
- Department of Chemistry, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, California 93108, United States
| | - Logan G. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, California 93108, United States
| | - Marliss A. Neal
- Department of Chemistry, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, California 93108, United States
| | - Brandon E. Haines
- Department of Chemistry, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, California 93108, United States
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6
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Komuro T, Nakajima Y, Takaya J, Hashimoto H. Recent progress in transition metal complexes supported by multidentate ligands featuring group 13 and 14 elements as coordinating atoms. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Karimi M, Litle E, Gabbaï† FP. Cationic Complexes with Au→Ge Bonds – Synthesis and Carbophilic Reactivity. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elishua Litle
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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8
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Abstract
Fluorinated organic compounds are common among pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. The significant strength of the C-F bond results in chemical inertness that, depending on the context, is beneficial, problematic or simply a formidable synthetic challenge. Electrosynthesis is a rapidly expanding methodology that can enable new reactivity and selectivity for cleavage and formation of chemical bonds. Here, a comprehensive overview of synthetically relevant electrochemically driven protocols for C-F bond activation and functionalization is presented, including photoelectrochemical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes L Röckl
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Daniels CL, Gi E, Atterberry BA, Blome-Fernández R, Rossini AJ, Vela J. Phosphine Ligand Binding and Catalytic Activity of Group 10-14 Heterobimetallic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6888-6897. [PMID: 35481778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic complexes have attracted much interest due to their broad range of structures and reactivities as well as unique catalytic abilities. Additionally, these complexes can be utilized as single-source precursors for the synthesis of binary intermetallic compounds. An example is the family of bis(pyridine-2-thiolato)dichloro-germanium and tin complexes of group 10 metals (Pd and Pt). The reactivity of these heterobimetallic complexes is highly tunable through substitution of the group 14 element and the neutral ligand bound to the transition metal. Here, we study the binding energies of three different phosphorous-based ligands, PR3 (R = Bu, Ph, and OPh) by density functional theory and restricted Hartree-Fock methods. The PR3 ligand-binding energies follow the trend of PBu3 > PPh3 > P(OPh)3, in agreement with their sigma-bonding ability. These results are confirmed by ligand exchange experiments monitored with 31P NMR spectroscopy, in which a weaker binding PR3 ligand is replaced with a stronger one. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the heterobimetallic complexes are active catalysts in the Negishi coupling reaction, where stronger binding PR3 ligands inhibit access to an active site at the metal center. Similar strategies could be applied to other complexes to better understand their ligand-binding energetics and predict their reactivity as both precursors and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carena L Daniels
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eunbyeol Gi
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Benjamin A Atterberry
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Aaron J Rossini
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Javier Vela
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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10
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Kameo H. Development of Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions Based on Transition Metal→Z-type Ligand Interactions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kameo
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University
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11
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Keck C, Hahn J, Gupta D, Bettinger HF. Solution Phase Reactivity of Dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine: Activation and Insertion into Si-E Single Bonds (E=H, OSi(CH 3 ) 3 , F, Cl) by a BN-Aryne. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103614. [PMID: 34854508 PMCID: PMC9299606 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The boron-nitrogen analogue of ortho-benzyne, 1,2-azaborinine, is a reactive intermediate that features a formal boron-nitrogen triple bond. We here show by combining experimental and computational techniques that the Lewis acidity of the boron center of dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine allows interaction with the silicon containing single bonds Si-E through the silicon bonding partner E (E=F, Cl, OR, H). The binding to boron activates the Si-E bonds for subsequent insertion reaction. This shows that the BN-aryne is a ferocious species that even can activate and insert into the very strong Si-F bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Keck
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Jennifer Hahn
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Divanshu Gupta
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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12
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Kim J. Metal complexes containing
silicon‐based
pincer ligands: Reactivity and application in small molecule activation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry Sunchon National University Suncheon Jeollanam‐do Republic of Korea
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13
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Naganawa Y, Nakajima Y, Sakaki S, Kameo H. Theoretical Study on Si‒Cl Bond Activation in Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Chlorosilanes with Organoaluminum. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Naganawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Interdisciplinary research center for catalytic chemistry JAPAN
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- National institute of advanced industrial science and technology Interdisciplinary research center for catalytic chemistry JAPAN
| | | | - Hajime Kameo
- Osaka Prefecture University Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku 599-8531 Sakai JAPAN
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14
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Rodriguez J, Vesseur D, Tabey A, Mallet-Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. Au(I)/Au(III) Catalytic Allylation Involving π-Allyl Au(III) Complexes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodriguez
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - David Vesseur
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexis Tabey
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599) 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S-UPPA Institut des Sciences Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM, UMR 5254) Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Cedex 09, Pau, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
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15
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Fukuda K, Harada T, Iwasawa N, Takaya J. Facile Synthesis and Utilization of Bis(o-phosphinophenyl)zinc as Isolable PZnP-pincer Ligands Enabled by Boron-Zinc Double Transmetallation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7035-7039. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01222g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis(o-phosphinophenyl)zinc derivatives were successfully synthesized by the reaction of o-phosphinophenylboronates with dimethylzinc via boron-zinc double transmetallation. The transmetallation was significantly accelerated by the presence of the ortho PR2 substituent to...
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16
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Tschernuth FS, Thorwart T, Greb L, Hanusch F, Inoue S. Bis(perfluoropinacolato)silan: Eine neutrale Lewis‐Supersäure aktiviert Si−F‐Bindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian S. Tschernuth
- Fakultät für Chemie WACKER-Institut für Siliciumchemie und Zentralinstitut für Katalyse-Forschung Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Thaddäus Thorwart
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- Fakultät für Chemie WACKER-Institut für Siliciumchemie und Zentralinstitut für Katalyse-Forschung Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Fakultät für Chemie WACKER-Institut für Siliciumchemie und Zentralinstitut für Katalyse-Forschung Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
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17
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Tschernuth FS, Thorwart T, Greb L, Hanusch F, Inoue S. Bis(perfluoropinacolato)silane: A Neutral Silane Lewis Superacid Activates Si-F Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25799-25803. [PMID: 34570964 PMCID: PMC9298387 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the earth abundance and easy availability of silicon, only few examples of isolable neutral silicon centered Lewis superacids are precedent in the literature. To approach the general drawbacks of limited solubility and unselective deactivation pathways, we introduce a Lewis superacid, based on perfluorinated pinacol substituents. The compound is easily synthesized on a gram-scale as the corresponding acetonitrile mono-adduct 1⋅(MeCN) and was fully characterized, including single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (SC-XRD) and state-of-the-art computations. Lewis acidity investigations by the Gutmann-Beckett method and fluoride abstraction experiments indicate a Lewis superacidic nature. The challenging Si-F bond activation of Et3 SiF is realized and promising catalytic properties are demonstrated, consolidating the potential applicability of silicon centered Lewis acids in synthetic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian S. Tschernuth
- Department of ChemistryWACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Thaddäus Thorwart
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- Department of ChemistryWACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of ChemistryWACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
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18
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Buil ML, Cabeza JA, Esteruelas MA, Izquierdo S, Laglera-Gándara CJ, Nicasio AI, Oñate E. Alternative Conceptual Approach to the Design of Bifunctional Catalysts: An Osmium Germylene System for the Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16860-16870. [PMID: 34657436 PMCID: PMC8564761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The reaction of the hexahydride OsH6(PiPr3)2 with a P,Ge,P-germylene-diphosphine
affords
an osmium tetrahydride derivative bearing a Ge,P-chelate, which arises
from the hydrogenolysis of a P–C(sp3) bond. This
Os(IV)–Ge(II) compound is a pioneering example of a bifunctional
catalyst based on the coordination of a σ-donor acid, which
is active in the dehydrogenation of formic acid to H2 and CO2. The kinetics
of the dehydrogenation, the characterization of the resting state
of the catalysis, and DFT calculations point out that the hydrogen
formation (the fast stage) exclusively occurs on the coordination
sphere of the basic metal center, whereas both the metal center and
the σ-donor Lewis acid cooperatively participate in the CO2 release (the rate-determining step). During the process,
the formate group pivots around the germanium to approach its hydrogen
atom to the osmium center, which allows its transfer to the metal
and the CO2 release. An alternative
class of bifunctional catalysts can be assembled
by coordination of σ-donor Lewis acids to platinum-group-metal
basic fragments. In contrast to what happens with the previously reported
bifunctional catalysts, this design allows enhancing the basicity
of the base and the acidity of the acid. According to this, a bifunctional
catalyst for the dehydrogenation of formic acid, based on an osmium(IV)-germylene
cooperative system, has been prepared and the mechanism of the catalysis
established.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier A Cabeza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Susana Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos J Laglera-Gándara
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio I Nicasio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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19
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Abstract
AbstractThe unique properties of fluorine-containing organic compounds make fluorine substitution attractive for the development of pharmaceuticals and various specialty materials, which have inspired the evolution of diverse C-F bond activation techniques. Although many advances have been made in functionalizations of activated C-F bonds utilizing transition metal complexes, there are fewer approaches available for nonactivated C-F bonds due to the difficulty in oxidative addition of transition metals to the inert C-F bonds. In this regard, using Lewis acid to abstract the fluoride and light/radical initiator to generate the radical intermediate have emerged as powerful tools for activating those inert C-F bonds. Meanwhile, these transition-metal-free processes are greener, economical, and for the pharmaceutical industry, without heavy metal residues. This review provides an overview of recent C-F bond activations and functionalizations under transition-metal-free conditions. The key mechanisms involved are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Finally, a brief discussion on the existing limitations of this field and our perspective are presented.
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20
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Theulier CA, García-Rodeja Y, Mallet-Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D. Gold-to-Boron Aryl Transfer from a T-Shaped Phosphine–Borane Gold(I) Complex. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril A. Theulier
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Yago García-Rodeja
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S-UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux - IPREM UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (UAR 2599), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S-UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux - IPREM UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Ghenwa Bouhadir
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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21
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Tinnermann H, Sung S, Csókás D, Toh ZH, Fraser C, Young RD. Alkali Metal Adducts of an Iron(0) Complex and Their Synergistic FLP-Type Activation of Aliphatic C-X Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10700-10708. [PMID: 34251818 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the formation and full characterization of weak adducts between Li+ and Na+ cations and a neutral iron(0) complex, [Fe(CO)3(PMe3)2] (1), supported by weakly coordinating [BArF20] anions, [1·M][BArF20] (M = Li, Na). The adducts are found to synergistically activate aliphatic C-X bonds (X = F, Cl, Br, I, OMs, OTf), leading to the formation of iron(II) organyl compounds of the type [FeR(CO)3(PMe3)2][BArF20], of which several were isolated and fully characterized. Stoichiometric reactions with the resulting iron(II) organyl compounds show that this system can be utilized for homocoupling and cross-coupling reactions and the formation of new C-E bonds (E = C, H, O, N, S). Further, we utilize [1·M][BArF20] as a catalyst in a simple hydrodehalogenation reaction under mild conditions to showcase its potential use in catalytic reactions. Finally, the mechanism of activation is probed using DFT and kinetic experiments that reveal that the alkali metal and iron(0) center cooperate to cleave C-X via a mechanism closely related to intramolecular FLP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Tinnermann
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhi Hao Toh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Craig Fraser
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Rowan D Young
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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22
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Scroggie KR, Perkins MV, Chalker JM. Reaction of [ 18F]Fluoride at Heteroatoms and Metals for Imaging of Peptides and Proteins by Positron Emission Tomography. Front Chem 2021; 9:687678. [PMID: 34249861 PMCID: PMC8262615 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.687678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to radiolabel proteins with [18F]fluoride enables the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for the early detection, staging and diagnosis of disease. The direct fluorination of native proteins through C-F bond formation is, however, a difficult task. The aqueous environments required by proteins severely hampers fluorination yields while the dry, organic solvents that promote nucleophilic fluorination can denature proteins. To circumvent these issues, indirect fluorination methods making use of prosthetic groups that are first fluorinated and then conjugated to a protein have become commonplace. But, when it comes to the radiofluorination of proteins, these indirect methods are not always suited to the short half-life of the fluorine-18 radionuclide (110 min). This review explores radiofluorination through bond formation with fluoride at boron, metal complexes, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur. The potential for these techniques to be used for the direct, aqueous radiolabeling of proteins with [18F]fluoride is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin M. Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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23
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Naganawa Y, Sakamoto K, Nakajima Y. A General and Selective Synthesis of Methylmonochlorosilanes from Di-, Tri-, and Tetrachlorosilanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:601-606. [PMID: 33373255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Direct catalytic transformation of chlorosilanes into organosilicon compounds remains challenging due to difficulty in cleaving the strong Si-Cl bond(s). We herein report the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of chlorosilanes with organoaluminum reagents. A combination of [Pd(C3H5)Cl]2 and DavePhos ligand catalyzed the selective methylation of various dichlorosilanes 1, trichlorosilanes 5, and tetrachlorosilane 6 to give the corresponding monochlorosilanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Naganawa
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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24
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Liu P, Hao N, Yang D, Wan L, Wang T, Zhang T, Zhou R, Cong X, Kong J. Iron-catalyzed para-selective C–H silylation of benzamide derivatives with chlorosilanes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00243k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper developed the para-selective silylation of benzamide derivatives with chlorosilanes using FeCl2 catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Na Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Pharmacy
- Southwest Medical University
- Luzhou 646000
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- P. R. China
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25
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Kameo H, Mushiake A, Isasa T, Matsuzaka H, Bourissou D. Pd/Ni-Catalyzed Germa-Suzuki coupling via dual Ge–F bond activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5004-5007. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01392k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pd/Ni → Ge–F interactions supported by phosphine-chelation were found to trigger dual activation of Ge–F bonds under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kameo
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Japan
| | - Akihiro Mushiake
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Japan
| | - Tomohito Isasa
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Japan
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée
- Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069
- 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09
- France
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