1
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Uttendorfer MK, Hierlmeier G, Balázs G, Wolf R. Access to 1,2,3-triphospholide ligands by reduction of di- tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10113-10119. [PMID: 38747137 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Di-tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane (tBuCP)2 (A) is a reactive tetrahedral molecule which may serve as a source of new phosphaorganic molecules and ligands. However, the redox chemistry of this compound has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the reduction of A with alkali metals (AM = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) affords 1,2,3-triphospholides [AM(crown ether)][1,2,3-P3C2tBu2] (1-5, [AM(crown ether)] = [Li([12]crown-4)2]+, [Na([15]crown-5)2]+, [K([18]crown-6)]+, [Rb([18]crown-6)]+, and Cs+) with 1,3-diphospholides [AM(crown ether)][1,3-P2C3tBu3] (6-10) formed as by-products. The potassium salt 3 was isolated on a preparative scale, allowing for reactivity studies. Transmetalation with iron(II) and ruthenium(II) chlorides yielded the sandwich complexes [Cp*M(η5-1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)] (11, M = Fe; 12, M = Ru, Cp* = C5Me5) featuring η5-coordinated triphospholide ligands. Treatment of 3 with [Cp2Fe][BAr4F] or [H(Et2O)2BAr4F] (BAr4F = B{C6H3(CF3)2}4) afforded the polyphosphorus compound tBu4C4P6 (13), which presumably results from the dimerisation of a 1,2,3-triphospholyl radical intermediate (1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)˙ (3˙). Tetracyclic 13 is closely structurally related to an isomer of the hydrocarbon hypostrophene (C10H10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Uttendorfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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2
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Chen Y, Su P, Wang D, Ke Z, Tan G. Molecular-strain induced phosphinidene reactivity of a phosphanorcaradiene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4579. [PMID: 38811584 PMCID: PMC11137065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphanorcaradienes are an appealing class of phosphorus compounds that can serve as synthons of transient phosphinidenes. However, the synthesis of such species is a formidable task owing to their intrinsic high reactivity. Herein we report straightforward synthesis, characterization and reactivity studies of a phosphanorcaradiene, in which one of the benzene rings in the flanking fluorenyl substituents is intramolecularly dearomatized through attachment to the phosphorus atom. It is facilely obtained by the reduction of phosphorus(III) dichloride precursor with potassium graphite. Despite being thermally robust, it acts as a synthetic equivalent of a transient phosphinidene. It reacts with trimethylphosphine and isonitrile to yield phosphanylidene-phosphorane and 1-phospha-3-azaallene, respectively. When it is treated with one and two molar equivalents of azide, iminophosphane and bis(imino)phosphane are isolated, respectively. Moreover, it is capable of activating ethylene and alkyne to afford [1 + 2] cycloaddition products, as well as oxidative cleavage of Si-H and N-H bonds to yield secondary phosphines. All the reactions proceed smoothly at room temperature without the presence of transition metals. The driving force for these reactions is most likely the high ring-constraint of the three-membered PC2 ring and recovery of the aromaticity of the benzene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Peifeng Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, the Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, the Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Gengwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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3
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Elsayed Moussa M, Shelyganov PA, Seidl M, Zimmermann L, Scheer M. Supramolecular compounds assembled from the heteroleptic tetrahedral complex [{CpMo(CO) 2} 2(μ,η 2-AsSb)] and metal salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4703-4706. [PMID: 38596847 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of the tetrahedral complex [{CpMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2-AsSb)] with CuI and AgI salts is presented which gives unprecedented neutral and cationic supramolecular aggregates featuring mixed As/Sb-donor molecules as ligands/linkers between metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Elsayed Moussa
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Pavel A Shelyganov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Innsbruck, Centrum für Chemie und Biomedizin (CCB), Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Zimmermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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4
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Liu S, Li Y, Lin J, Ke Z, Grützmacher H, Su CY, Li Z. Sequential radical and cationic reactivity at separated sites within one molecule in solution. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5376-5384. [PMID: 38577367 PMCID: PMC10988588 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Distonic radical cations (DRCs) with spatially separated charge and radical sites are expected to show both radical and cationic reactivity at different sites within one molecule. However, such "dual" reactivity has rarely been observed in the condensed phase. Herein we report the isolation of crystalline 1λ2,3λ2-1-phosphonia-3-phosphinyl-cyclohex-4-enes 2a,b˙+, which can be considered delocalized DRCs and were completely characterized by crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational methods. These DRCs contain a radical and cationic site with seven and six valence electrons, respectively, which are both stabilized via conjugation, yet remain spatially separated. They exhibit reactivity that differs from that of conventional radical cations (CRCs); specifically they show sequential radical and cationic reactivity at separated sites within one molecule in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Liu
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yinwu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Jieli Lin
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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5
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Lu B, Zeng X. Phosphinidenes: Fundamental Properties and Reactivity. Chemistry 2023:e202303283. [PMID: 38108540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphinidenes are heavy congeners of nitrenes that have been broadly used as in situ reagents in synthetic phosphorus chemistry and also serve as versatile ligands in coordination with transition metals. However, the detection of free phosphinidenes is largely challenged by their high reactivity and also the lack of suitable synthetic methods, rendering the knowledge about the fundamental properties of this class of low-valent phosphorus compounds limited. Recently, an increasing number of free phosphinidenes bearing prototype structural and bonding properties have been prepared for the first time, thus enabling the exploration of their distinct reactivity from the nitrene analogues. This Concept article will discuss the experimental approaches for the generation of the highly unstable phosphinidenes and highlight their distinct reactivity from the nitrogen analogues so as to stimuate future studies about their potential applications in phosphorus chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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6
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Royla P, Schwedtmann K, Han Z, Fidelius J, Gates DP, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Weigand JJ. Cationic Phosphinidene as a Versatile P 1 Building Block: [L C-P] + Transfer from Phosphonio-Phosphanides [L C-P-PR 3] + and Subsequent L C Replacement Reactions (L C = N-Heterocyclic Carbene). J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10364-10375. [PMID: 37105536 PMCID: PMC10177976 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cationic imidazoliumyl(phosphonio)-phosphanides [LC-P-PR3]+ (1a-e+, LC = 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-diisopropylimidazolium-2-yl; R = alkyl, aryl) are obtained via the nucleophilic fragmentation of tetracationic tetraphosphetane [(LC-P)4][OTf]4 (2[OTf]4) with tertiary phosphanes. They act as [LC-P]+ transfer reagents in phospha-Wittig-type reactions, when converted with various thiocarbonyls, giving unprecedented cationic phosphaalkenes [LC-P═CR2]+ (5a-f[OTf]) or phosphanides [LC-P-CR(NR2')]+ (6a-d[OTf]). Theoretical calculations suggest that three-membered cyclic thiophosphiranes are crucial intermediates of this reaction. To test this hypothesis, treatment of [LC-P-PPh3]+ with phosphaalkenes, that are isolobal to thioketones, permits the isolation of diphosphirane salts 11a,b[OTf]. Furthermore, preliminary studies suggest that the cationic phosphaalkene [LC-P═CPh2]+ may be employed to access rare examples of η2-P═C π-complexes with Pd0 and Pt0 when treated with [Pd(PPh3)4] and [Pt(PPh3)3] for which analogous complexes of neutral phosphaalkenes are scarce. The versatility of [LC-P]+ as a valuable P1 building block was showcased in substitution reactions of the transferred LC-substituent using nucleophiles. This is demonstrated through the reactions of 5a[OTf] and 6c[OTf] with Grignard reagents and KNPh2, providing a convenient, high-yielding access to MesP═CPh2 (16) and otherwise difficult-to-synthesize 1,3-diphosphetane 17 and P-aminophosphaalkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Royla
- Chair
of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Chair
of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zeyu Han
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jannis Fidelius
- Chair
of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rosa M. Gomila
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat de Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de
Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat de Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de
Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Chair
of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Tipker RM, Muldoon JA, Jo J, Connors CS, Varga BR, Hughes RP, Glueck DS. Protonation of P-Stereogenic Phosphiranes: Phospholane Formation via Ring Opening and C-H Activation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12565-12572. [PMID: 37033828 PMCID: PMC10077540 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Protonation of cyclopropanes and aziridines is well-studied, but reactions of phosphiranes with acids are rare and have not been reported to result in ring opening. Treatment of syn-Mes*PCH2CHR (Mes* = 2,4,6-(t-Bu)3C6H2, R = Me or Ph, syn-1-2) or anti-Mes*PCH2CHPh (anti-2) with triflic acid resulted in regiospecific anti-Markovnikov C-protonation with ring opening and cyclophosphination of a Mes* ortho-t-Bu group to yield the phospholanium cations [PH(CH2CH2R)(4,6-(t-Bu)2-2-CMe2CH2C6H2)][OTf] (R = Me or Ph, 3-4), which were deprotonated with NEt3 to give phospholanes 5-6. Enantioenriched or racemic syn-1 both gave racemic 3. The byproduct [Mes*PH(CH2CH2Me)(OH)][OTf] (7) was formed from syn-1 and HOTf in the presence of water. Density functional theory calculations suggested that P-protonation followed by ring opening and hydride migration to C yields the phosphenium ion, [Mes*P(CH2CH2Me)][OTf], which undergoes C-H oxidative addition of an o-t-Bu methyl group. This work established a new reactivity pattern for phosphiranes.
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8
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Nees S, Wellnitz T, Dankert F, Härterich M, Dotzauer S, Feldt M, Braunschweig H, Hering-Junghans C. On the Reactivity of Phosphaalumenes towards C-C Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215838. [PMID: 36516342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles containing group 13 and 15 elements such as borazines are an integral part of organic, biomedical and materials chemistry. Surprisingly, heterocycles containing P and Al are rare. We have now utilized phosphaalumenes in reactions with alkynes, alkenes and conjugated double bond systems. With sterically demanding alkynes 1,2-phosphaalumetes were afforded, whereas the reaction with HCCH or HCCSiMe3 gave 1,4-phosphaaluminabarrelenes. Using styrene saturated 1,2-phosphaalumates were formed, which reacted further with additional styrene to give different regio-isomers of 1,4-aluminaphosphorinanes. Using ethylene, a 1,4-aluminaphosphorinane is obtained, while with 1,3-butadiene a bicyclic system containing an aluminacyclopentane and a phosphirane unit was synthesized. The experimental work is supported by theoretical studies to shed light on the mechanism governing the formation of these heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Dotzauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milica Feldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Xin T, Geeson MB, Zhu H, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Cummins CC. Synthesis of phosphiranes via organoiron-catalyzed phosphinidene transfer to electron-deficient olefins. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12696-12702. [PMID: 36519032 PMCID: PMC9645374 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein is reported the structural characterization and scalable preparation of the elusive iron-phosphido complex FpP( t Bu)(F) (2-F, Fp = (Fe(η5-C5H5)(CO)2)) and its precursor FpP( t Bu)(Cl) (2-Cl) in 51% and 71% yields, respectively. These phosphide complexes are proposed to be relevant to an organoiron catalytic cycle for phosphinidene transfer to electron-deficient alkenes. Examination of their properties led to the discovery of a more efficient catalytic system involving the simple, commercially available organoiron catalyst Fp2. This improved catalysis also enabled the preparation of new phosphiranes with high yields ( t BuPCH2CHR; R = CO2Me, 41%; R = CN, 83%; R = 4-biphenyl, 73%; R = SO2Ph, 71%; R = POPh2, 70%; R = 4-pyridyl, 82%; R = 2-pyridyl, 67%; R = PPh3 +, 64%) and good diastereoselectivity, demonstrating the feasibility of the phosphinidene group-transfer strategy in synthetic chemistry. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the original catalysis involves 2-X as the nucleophile, while for the new Fp2-catalyzed reaction they implicate a diiron-phosphido complex Fp2(P t Bu), 4, as the nucleophile which attacks the electron-deficient olefin in the key first P-C bond-forming step. In both systems, the initial nucleophilic attack may be accompanied by favorable five-membered ring formation involving a carbonyl ligand, a (reversible) pathway competitive with formation of the three-membered ring found in the phosphirane product. A novel radical mechanism is suggested for the new Fp2-catalyzed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansi Xin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Michael B Geeson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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10
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Uttendorfer MK, Hierlmeier G, Wolf R. A Homoleptic Diphosphatetrahedrane Nickel(0) Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Uttendorfer
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg GERMANY
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg GERMANY
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg GERMANY
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