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Xia D, Li T, Ke XY, Wang J, Luan X, Ni SF, Zhang Y, Zhang WD. Acetone Serving as a Solvent and Interaction Partner Promotes the Direct Olefination of N-Tosylhydrazones under Visible Light. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6180-6192. [PMID: 38632865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The photochemistry of noncovalent interactions to promote organic transformations is an emerging approach to providing fresh opportunities in synthetic chemistry. Generally, the external substance is necessary to add as an interaction partner, thereby sacrificing the atom economy of the reaction. Herein, we describe a catalyst-free and noncovalent interaction-mediated strategy to access the olefination of N-tosylhydrazones using acetone as a solvent and an interaction partner. This protocol also features broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and mild reaction conditions without transition metals. Moreover, the gram-scale synthesis of olefins and the generation of pharmaceutical intermediates highlighted its practical applicability. Lastly, mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction was initiated via noncovalent interactions between acetone and N-tosylhydrazone anion, which is also supported by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xin-Yan Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Zhang H, Lu CJ, Cai GH, Xi LL, Feng J, Liu RR. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric carbene coupling en route to inherently chiral heptagon-containing polyarenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3353. [PMID: 38637535 PMCID: PMC11026441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing facile and direct synthesis routes for enantioselective construction of cyclic π-conjugated molecules is crucial. However, originate chirality from the distorted structure around heptagon-containing polyarenes is largely overlooked, the enantioselective construction of all-carbon heptagon-containing polyarenes remains a challenge. Herein, we present a highly enantioselective synthesis route for fabricating all carbon heptagon-containing polyarenes via palladium-catalyzed carbene-based cross-coupling of benzyl bromides and N-arylsulfonylhydrazones. A wide range of nonplanar, saddle-shaped tribenzocycloheptene derivatives are efficiently prepared in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities using this approach. In addition, stereochemical stability experiments show that these saddle-shaped tribenzocycloheptene derivatives have high inversion barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chuan-Jun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Gao-Hui Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Long-Long Xi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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3
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Zhu J, Xiang H, Chang H, Corcoran JC, Ding R, Xia Y, Liu P, Wang YM. Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Synthesis of Propargyl- and Allenylsilanes through Catalytic Propargylic C-H Deprotonation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318040. [PMID: 38349957 PMCID: PMC11003844 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
We report a highly enantioselective intermolecular C-H bond silylation catalyzed by a phosphoramidite-ligated iridium catalyst. Under reagent-controlled protocols, propargylsilanes resulting from C(sp3)-H functionalization, as well the regioisomeric and synthetically versatile allenylsilanes, could be obtained with excellent levels of enantioselectivity and good to excellent control of propargyl/allenyl selectivity. In the case of unsymmetrical dialkyl acetylenes, good to excellent selectivity for functionalization at the less-hindered site was also observed. A variety of electrophilic silyl sources (R3SiOTf and R3SiNTf2), either commercial or in situ-generated, were used as the silylation reagents, and a broad range of simple and functionalized alkynes, including aryl alkyl acetylenes, dialkyl acetylenes, 1,3-enynes, and drug derivatives were successfully employed as substrates. Detailed mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations suggest that an η3-propargyl/allenyl Ir intermediate is generated upon π-complexation-assisted deprotonation and undergoes outer-sphere attack by the electrophilic silylating reagent to give propargylic silanes, with the latter step identified as the enantiodetermining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hengye Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hai Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - James C Corcoran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ruiqi Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yue Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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4
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Li W, Zhang J. Sadphos as Adaptive Ligands in Asymmetric Palladium Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38295326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusPalladium catalysis, as one of the most important strategies in asymmetric synthesis, has continuously attracted the attention of organic chemists. With the development of chiral ligands, increasingly challenging reactions and substantial progress in asymmetric catalysis are being realized.Since 2014, we have focused on exploiting a series of sulfinamide phosphine ligands called "Sadphos," including Ming-Phos, Xu-Phos, Xiao-Phos, Xiang-Phos, TY-Phos, PC-Phos, GF-Phos, and WJ-Phos. These ligands can be easily prepared in two to four steps using commercial materials. These new types of ligands have shown remarkable performance in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, especially in Pd-catalyzed transformations. X-ray diffraction analysis, mechanistic studies, and density functional theory calculations have revealed that Sadphos ligands can coordinate with the Pd0 and PdII species in the Pd0/P, Pd0/P,S, or PdII/P,O modes.This Account summarizes our recent efforts toward palladium-catalyzed enantioselective reactions using Sadphos ligands. These ligands were found to be privileged and very crucial to promote the reactions by increasing the reactivity and enantioselectivity. Ming-Phos is an effective ligand in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric coupling and intramolecular Heck reactions, providing highly enantioselective trisubstituted allenes, axially chiral anilides, gem-diarylmethine silanes, and disubstituted dihydroisoquinolinones. Incorporation of an electron-rich cyclohexyl group in the phosphine moiety afforded Xu-Phos, which showed a unique effect in a series of asymmetric transformations, including reductive Heck, dearomative Mizoroki-Heck, tandem Heck/Suzuki coupling, carboiodination, carboamination, and cross-coupling reactions. Using a similar strategy, our group synthesized more electron-rich TY-Phos and Xiang-Phos ligands bearing t-butyl and 1-adamantyl group at P atoms, respectively. Regarding stereoelectronic features, these two characteristic ligands were the best choice to satisfy the requirements of the palladium-catalyzed fluoroarylation of gem-difluoroalkenes, intermolecular α-arylation of aldehydes, carboetherification of alkenyl oximes, and carboheterofunctionalization of 2,3-dihydrofurans. Compared with the aforementioned Sadphos ligands, the attractive features of Xiao-Phos, including high nucleophilicity originating from the CH2PPh2 group and the ortho-substituent effect at the side of the aryl ring, are presumably responsible for its efficiency. The Pd/Xiao-Phos catalyst system shows good performance in a series of cross-coupling reactions of secondary phosphine oxides, affording P-stereogenic products bearing multiple types of molecular skeletons. The modification of the basic Sadphos backbone by introducing a xanthene skeleton motivated us to design and synthesize monophosphines, named PC-Phos and GF-Phos. PC-Phos is effective in various reactions, including arylation of sulfenate anions, denitrogenative cyclization of benzotriazoles, and dearomatization of indoles. The practicability of GF-Phos was validated in the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric three-component coupling of N-tosylhydrazones, aryl halides, and terminal alkynes, as well as in the cross-coupling of N-tosylhydrazones and vinyl iodides with pendent amines. In addition, ferrocene-derived WJ-Phos was employed in the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, affording axially chiral biaryl monophosphine oxides in excellent enantiomeric excesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Rago AJ, Ye R, Liu X, Dong G. A four-component reaction to access 3,3-disubstituted indolines via the palladium-norbornene-catalyzed ortho amination/ ipso conjunctive coupling. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1318-1323. [PMID: 38274074 PMCID: PMC10806727 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important class of multicomponent reactions, the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis has been mainly restricted to the coupling of an aryl halide, an electrophile and a nucleophile. Here, we report the development of a Pd/NBE-catalyzed four-component reaction, which involves ortho C-H amination/ipso conjunctive coupling using an alkene and an external nucleophile. The use of alkene-tethered nitrogen electrophiles provides a rapid and modular synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted indolines from readily available aryl iodides. The reaction exhibits broad functional group tolerance, and its utility is exemplified in a streamlined formal synthesis of a rhodamine dye. Preliminary results of the asymmetric version of this reaction have also been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Rago
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Rong Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
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Wang S, Long L, Zhang X, Ling L, Chen H, Zeng X. Chemoselective Three-Component Geminal Cross Couplings of Dihaloalkanes with Cr Catalysis: Rapid Access to Tertiary and Quaternary Alkanes via a Metal-Carbene Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312856. [PMID: 37706327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Geminal cross couplings using multiple components enable the formation of several different bonds at one site in the building of tertiary and quaternary alkanes. Nevertheless, there are remaining issues of concern-cleavage of two geminal bonds and control of selectivity present challenges. We report here the geminal cross couplings of three components by reactions of dihaloalkanes with organomagnesium and chlorosilanes or alkyl tosylates by Cr catalysis, affording the formation of geminal C-C/C-Si or C-C/C-C bonds in the creation of tertiary and quaternary alkanes. The geminal couplings are catalyzed by low-cost CrCl2 , enabling the sluggishness of competitive Kumada-type side couplings and homocouplings of Grignard reagents, in achieving high chemoselectivity. Experimental and theoretical studies indicate that two geminal C-halide bonds are continuously cleaved by Cr to afford a metal carbene intermediate, which couples with a Grignard reagent, followed by silylation, in the formation of geminal C-C and C-Si bonds via a novel inner-sphere radical coupling mechanism. These three-component geminal cross couplings are value-addition to the synthesis of commercial drugs and bioactive molecules in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Linhong Long
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Liang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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7
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Tu Y, Xu B, Wang Q, Dong H, Zhang ZM, Zhang J. Palladium/TY-Phos-Catalyzed Asymmetric Heck/Tsuji-Trost Reaction of o-Bromophenols with 1,3-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4378-4383. [PMID: 36795796 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans are crucial building blocks in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. However, their asymmetric synthesis has been a long-standing formidable challenge so far. In this work, we developed a highly enantioselective Pd/TY-Phos-catalyzed Heck/Tsuji-Trost reaction of o-bromophenols with various 1,3-dienes, allowing expedient access to chiral substituted 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans. This reaction features excellent regio- and enantiocontrol, high functional group tolerance, and easy scalability. More importantly, the demonstration of this method as a highly valuable tool for the construction of optically pure natural products (R)-tremetone and fomannoxin is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshao Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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8
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Zhou SS, Shen JH, Liu WK, Sun XY, Song JY, Wang Z, Qi ZH, Wang XW. Chiral oxalamide phosphine (COAP)-Pd-catalyzed enantioselective cascade formal [4 + 1] annulation for enantioenriched 2,3-disubstituted indolines and further DFT study on regio- and stereocontrol. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
COAP-Pd-catalyzed asymmetric cascade formal [4 + 1] annulation was developed between racemic vinyl benzoxazinones and N-tosylhydrazone sodium salts, affording trans-2,3-disubstituted indolines in good yields with high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Suo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hang Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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9
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Li W, Zhang H, Chen K, Jiang H, Sun J, Zhu S. Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular enantioselective C(sp 3)-H insertion of donor/donor carbenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12396-12402. [PMID: 36382271 PMCID: PMC9629006 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, the first palladium-catalyzed intramolecular enantioselective C(sp3)-H insertion reaction of donor-donor carbenes has been successfully achieved. This facile protocol enables the rapid construction of a collection of enantioenriched decorated indolines with two contiguous stereocenters in a single step. Both enynones and diazo compounds are efficient donor-donor carbene precursors for this reaction. By an adjustment of ligands and protecting groups of the substrates, the palladium-carbene intermediates from diazo compounds afford sparse trans-indolines with excellent enantioselectivities, while carbenes from enynones deliver cis-indolines exclusively. Based on the control reactions and Hammett analysis, a stepwise Mannich-type pathway through a short-lived and compact zwitterionic intermediate is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendeng Li
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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