1
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Falling LJ, Jang W, Laha S, Götsch T, Terban MW, Bette S, Mom R, Velasco-Vélez JJ, Girgsdies F, Teschner D, Tarasov A, Chuang CH, Lunkenbein T, Knop-Gericke A, Weber D, Dinnebier R, Lotsch BV, Schlögl R, Jones TE. Atomic Insights into the Competitive Edge of Nanosheets Splitting Water. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39319770 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) provides the protons for many electrocatalytic power-to-X processes, such as the production of green hydrogen from water or methanol from CO2. Iridium oxohydroxides (IOHs) are outstanding catalysts for this reaction because they strike a unique balance between activity and stability in acidic electrolytes. Within IOHs, this balance varies with the atomic structure. While amorphous IOHs perform best, they are least stable. The opposite is true for their crystalline counterparts. These rules-of-thumb are used to reduce the loading of scarce IOH catalysts and retain the performance. However, it is not fully understood how activity and stability are related at the atomic level, hampering rational design. Herein, we provide simple design rules (Figure 12) derived from the literature and various IOHs within this study. We chose crystalline IrOOH nanosheets as our lead material because they provide excellent catalyst utilization and a predictable structure. We found that IrOOH signals the chemical stability of crystalline IOHs while surpassing the activity of amorphous IOHs. Their dense bonding network of pyramidal trivalent oxygens (μ3Δ-O) provides structural integrity, while allowing reversible reduction to an electronically gapped state that diminishes the destructive effect of reductive potentials. The reactivity originates from coordinative unsaturated edge sites with radical character, i.e., μ1-O oxyls. By comparing to other IOHs and literature, we generalized our findings and synthesized a set of simple rules that allow prediction of stability and reactivity of IOHs from atomistic models. We hope that these rules will inspire atomic design strategies for future OER catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz J Falling
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Technical University, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Woosun Jang
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Integrated Science & Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sourav Laha
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Thomas Götsch
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Maxwell W Terban
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bette
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Rik Mom
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 Leiden, RA, Netherlands
| | - Juan-Jesús Velasco-Vélez
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Detre Teschner
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Andrey Tarasov
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hao Chuang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Daniel Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Robert Dinnebier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Bettina V Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Travis E Jones
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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2
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Weymuth T, Unsleber JP, Türtscher PL, Steiner M, Sobez JG, Müller CH, Mörchen M, Klasovita V, Grimmel SA, Eckhoff M, Csizi KS, Bosia F, Bensberg M, Reiher M. SCINE-Software for chemical interaction networks. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:222501. [PMID: 38857173 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The software for chemical interaction networks (SCINE) project aims at pushing the frontier of quantum chemical calculations on molecular structures to a new level. While calculations on individual structures as well as on simple relations between them have become routine in chemistry, new developments have pushed the frontier in the field to high-throughput calculations. Chemical relations may be created by a search for specific molecular properties in a molecular design attempt, or they can be defined by a set of elementary reaction steps that form a chemical reaction network. The software modules of SCINE have been designed to facilitate such studies. The features of the modules are (i) general applicability of the applied methodologies ranging from electronic structure (no restriction to specific elements of the periodic table) to microkinetic modeling (with little restrictions on molecularity), full modularity so that SCINE modules can also be applied as stand-alone programs or be exchanged for external software packages that fulfill a similar purpose (to increase options for computational campaigns and to provide alternatives in case of tasks that are hard or impossible to accomplish with certain programs), (ii) high stability and autonomous operations so that control and steering by an operator are as easy as possible, and (iii) easy embedding into complex heterogeneous environments for molecular structures taken individually or in the context of a reaction network. A graphical user interface unites all modules and ensures interoperability. All components of the software have been made available as open source and free of charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weymuth
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan P Unsleber
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul L Türtscher
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Steiner
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Grimo Sobez
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte H Müller
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Mörchen
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Klasovita
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie A Grimmel
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Eckhoff
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Sophia Csizi
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bosia
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Bensberg
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Bols ML, Ma J, Rammal F, Plessers D, Wu X, Navarro-Jaén S, Heyer AJ, Sels BF, Solomon EI, Schoonheydt RA. In Situ UV-Vis-NIR Absorption Spectroscopy and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2352-2418. [PMID: 38408190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights in situ UV-vis-NIR range absorption spectroscopy in catalysis. A variety of experimental techniques identifying reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and structural properties are discussed. Stopped flow techniques, use of laser pulses, and use of experimental perturbations are demonstrated for in situ studies of enzymatic, homogeneous, heterogeneous, and photocatalysis. They access different time scales and are applicable to different reaction systems and catalyst types. In photocatalysis, femto- and nanosecond resolved measurements through transient absorption are discussed for tracking excited states. UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopies for structural characterization are demonstrated especially for Cu and Fe exchanged zeolites and metalloenzymes. This requires combining different spectroscopies. Combining magnetic circular dichroism and resonance Raman spectroscopy is especially powerful. A multitude of phenomena can be tracked on transition metal catalysts on various supports, including changes in oxidation state, adsorptions, reactions, support interactions, surface plasmon resonances, and band gaps. Measurements of oxidation states, oxygen vacancies, and band gaps are shown on heterogeneous catalysts, especially for electrocatalysis. UV-vis-NIR absorption is burdened by broad absorption bands. Advanced analysis techniques enable the tracking of coking reactions on acid zeolites despite convoluted spectra. The value of UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy to catalyst characterization and mechanistic investigation is clear but could be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L Bols
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), University of Ghent, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fatima Rammal
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Plessers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xuejiao Wu
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Navarro-Jaén
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander J Heyer
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bert F Sels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert A Schoonheydt
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Zhang H, Chen B, Liu T, Brudvig GW, Wang D, Waegele MM. Infrared Spectroscopic Observation of Oxo- and Superoxo-Intermediates in the Water Oxidation Cycle of a Molecular Ir Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:878-883. [PMID: 38154046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular Ir catalysts have emerged as an important class of model catalysts for understanding structure-activity relationships in water oxidation, a reaction that is central to renewable fuel synthesis. Prior efforts have mostly focused on controlling and elucidating the emergence of active species from prepared precursors. However, the development of efficient and stable molecular Ir catalysts also necessitates probing of reaction intermediates. To date, relatively little is known about the key intermediates in the cycles of the molecular Ir catalysts. Herein, we probed the catalytic cycle of a homogeneous Ir catalyst ("blue dimer") at a Au electrode/aqueous electrolyte interface by combining surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) with phase-sensitive detection (PSD). Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) from 1.4 to 1.7 VRHE (RHE = reversible hydrogen electrode) give rise to a band at ∼818 cm-1, whereas CVs from 1.4 to ≥1.85 VRHE generate an additional band at ∼1146 cm-1. Isotope labeling experiments indicate that the bands at ∼818 and ∼1146 cm-1 are attributable to oxo (IrV═O) and superoxo (IrIV-OO•) moieties, respectively. This study establishes PSD-SEIRAS as a sensitive tool for probing water oxidation cycles at electrode/electrolyte interfaces and demonstrates that the relative abundance of two key intermediates can be tuned by the thermodynamic driving force of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Boqiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Matthias M Waegele
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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5
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Nakanishi K, Lugo-Fuentes LI, Manabe J, Guo R, Kikkawa S, Yamazoe S, Komaguchi K, Kume S, Szczepanik DW, Solà M, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Nishihara S, Kubo K, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y, Mizuta T, Shang R. Redox Activity of Ir III Complexes with Multidentate Ligands Based on Dipyrido-Annulated N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Access to High Valent and High Spin State with Carbon Donors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302303. [PMID: 37553318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic strategies to access high-valent iridium complexes usually require use of π donating ligands bearing electronegative atoms (e. g. amide or oxide) or σ donating electropositive atoms (e. g. boryl or hydride). Besides the η5 -(methyl)cyclopentadienyl derivatives, high-valent η1 carbon-ligated iridium complexes are challenging to synthesize. To meet this challenge, this work reports the oxidation behavior of an all-carbon-ligated anionic bis(CCC-pincer) IrIII complex. Being both σ and π donating, the diaryl dipyrido-annulated N-heterocyclic carbene (dpa-NHC) IrIII complex allowed a stepwise 4e- oxidation sequence. The first 2e- oxidation led to an oxidative coupling of two adjacent aryl groups, resulting in formation of a cationic chiral IrIII complex bearing a CCCC-tetradentate ligand. A further 2e- oxidation allowed isolation of a high-valent tricationic complex with a triplet ground state. These results close a synthetic gap for carbon-ligated iridium complexes and demonstrate the electronic tuning potential of organic π ligands for unusual electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Leonardo I Lugo-Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jun Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ronghao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Soichi Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kenji Komaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Shoko Kume
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa, 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Oscar C Jimenez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Sadafumi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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6
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Guo Q, Zhao Q, Crespo-Otero R, Di Tommaso D, Tang J, Dimitrov SD, Titirici MM, Li X, Jorge Sobrido AB. Single-Atom Iridium on Hematite Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting: Catalyst or Spectator? J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1686-1695. [PMID: 36631927 PMCID: PMC9880996 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) on hematite photoanodes are efficient cocatalysts to boost photoelectrochemical performance. They feature high atom utilization, remarkable activity, and distinct active sites. However, the specific role of SACs on hematite photoanodes is not fully understood yet: Do SACs behave as a catalytic site or as a spectator? By combining spectroscopic experiments and computer simulations, we demonstrate that single-atom iridium (sIr) catalysts on hematite (α-Fe2O3/sIr) photoanodes act as a true catalyst by trapping holes from hematite and providing active sites for the water oxidation reaction. In situ transient absorption spectroscopy showed a reduced number of holes and shortened hole lifetime in the presence of sIr. This was particularly evident on the second timescale, indicative of fast hole transfer and depletion toward water oxidation. Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy evidenced a faster hole transfer at the α-Fe2O3/sIr/electrolyte interface compared to that at bare α-Fe2O3. Density functional theory calculations revealed the mechanism for water oxidation using sIr as a catalytic center to be the preferred pathway as it displayed a lower onset potential than the Fe sites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that sIr introduced a mid-gap of 4d state, key to the fast hole transfer and hole depletion. These combined results provide new insights into the processes controlling solar water oxidation and the role of SACs in enhancing the catalytic performance of semiconductors in photo-assisted reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, U.K.
| | - Qi Zhao
- School
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen
Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, U.K.
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen
Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, U.K.
| | - Devis Di Tommaso
- School
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen
Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, U.K.
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE London, U.K.
| | - Stoichko D. Dimitrov
- School
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen
Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, U.K.
| | | | - Xuanhua Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi’an, China
| | - Ana Belén Jorge Sobrido
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, U.K.,
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7
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Ma PP, Hao ZM, Wang P, Zhang WH, Young DJ. trans-[Ni(pdm)2]2+ (pdm = 2-pyridinemethanol) as a reliable synthon for isoreticular metal–organic frameworks of linear dicarboxylates. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Hamdaoui M, Liu F, Cornaton Y, Lu X, Shi X, Zhang H, Liu J, Spingler B, Djukic JP, Duttwyler S. An Iridium-Stabilized Borenium Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18359-18374. [PMID: 36173688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of new organometallic systems based on polyhedral boron clusters has the potential to solve challenging chemical problems such as the stabilization of reactive intermediates and transition-state-like species postulated for E-H (E = H, B, C, Si) bond activation reactions. We report on facile and clean B-H activation of a hydroborane by a new iridium boron cluster complex. The product of this reaction is an unprecedented and fully characterized transition metal-stabilized boron cation or borenium. Moreover, this intermediate bears an unusual intramolecular B···H interaction between the hydrogen originating from the activated hydroborane and the cyclometallated metal-bonded boron atom of the boron cluster. This B···H interaction is proposed to be an arrested insertion of hydrogen into the Bcage-metal bond and the initiation step for iridium "cage-walking" around the upper surface of the boron cluster. The "cage-walking" process is supported by the hydrogen-deuterium exchange observed at the boron cluster, and a mechanism is proposed on the basis of theoretical methods with a special focus on the role of noncovalent interactions. All new compounds were isolated and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Key compounds were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Hamdaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yann Cornaton
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Systémique Organométalliques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaohuo Shi
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Djukic
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Systémique Organométalliques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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9
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Structure and electronic properties of a μ-oxo ruthenium bromide. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Bozal-Ginesta C, Rao RR, Mesa CA, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Hu G, Antón-García D, Stephens IEL, Reisner E, Brudvig GW, Wang D, Durrant JR. Spectroelectrochemistry of Water Oxidation Kinetics in Molecular versus Heterogeneous Oxide Iridium Electrocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8454-8459. [PMID: 35511107 PMCID: PMC9121376 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Water oxidation is the step limiting
the efficiency of electrocatalytic
hydrogen production from water. Spectroelectrochemical analyses are
employed to make a direct comparison of water oxidation reaction kinetics
between a molecular catalyst, the dimeric iridium catalyst [Ir2(pyalc)2(H2O)4-(μ-O)]2+ (IrMolecular, pyalc
= 2-(2′pyridinyl)-2-propanolate) immobilized on a mesoporous
indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate, with that of an heterogeneous electrocatalyst,
an amorphous hydrous iridium (IrOx) film. For both systems, four analogous redox states were
detected, with the formation of Ir(4+)–Ir(5+) being the potential-determining
step in both cases. However, the two systems exhibit distinct water
oxidation reaction kinetics, with potential-independent first-order
kinetics for IrMolecular contrasting
with potential-dependent kinetics for IrOx. This is attributed to water oxidation on the heterogeneous
catalyst requiring co-operative effects between neighboring oxidized
Ir centers. The ability of IrMolecular to drive water oxidation without such co-operative effects
is explained by the specific coordination environment around its Ir
centers. These distinctions between molecular and heterogeneous reaction
kinetics are shown to explain the differences observed in their water
oxidation electrocatalytic performance under different potential conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Bozal-Ginesta
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Reshma R Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Camilo A Mesa
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Gongfang Hu
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel Antón-García
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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11
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Ng R, Chong MC, Cheung WM, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Leung WH. Heterometallic Iridium, Rhodium and Ruthenium Nitrido Complexes Supported by Oxygen and Sulfur Donor Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rain Ng
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Science Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Man-Chun Chong
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Science Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Wai-Man Cheung
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Science Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Herman H.-Y. Sung
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Science Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Science Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Hong Kong Univ.of Sci.& Techn. Department of Chemistry Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Hong Kong CHINA
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12
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Lu Y, Tsegaw YA, Wodyński A, Li L, Beckers H, Kaupp M, Riedel S. Investigation of Molecular Iridium Fluorides IrF n (n=1-6): A Combined Matrix-Isolation and Quantum-Chemical Study. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104005. [PMID: 35181951 PMCID: PMC9310635 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The photo-initiated defluorination of iridium hexafluoride (IrF6 ) was investigated in neon and argon matrices at 6 K, and their photoproducts are characterized by IR and UV-vis spectroscopies as well as quantum-chemical calculations. The primary photoproducts obtained after irradiation with λ=365 nm are iridium pentafluoride (IrF5 ) and iridium trifluoride (IrF3 ), while longer irradiation of the same matrix with λ=278 nm produced iridium tetrafluoride (IrF4 ) and iridium difluoride (IrF2 ) by Ir-F bond cleavage or F2 elimination. In addition, IrF5 can be reversed to IrF6 by adding a F atom when exposed to blue-light (λ=470 nm) irradiation. Laser irradiation (λ=266 nm) of IrF4 also generated IrF6 , IrF5 , IrF3 and IrF2 . Alternatively, molecular binary iridium fluorides IrFn (n=1-6) were produced by co-deposition of laser-ablated iridium atoms with elemental fluorine in excess neon and argon matrices under cryogenic conditions. Computational studies up to scalar relativistic CCSD(T)/triple-ζ level and two-component quasirelativistic DFT computations including spin-orbit coupling effects supported the formation of these products and provided detailed insights into their molecular structures by their characteristic Ir-F stretching bands. Compared to the Jahn-Teller effect, the influence of spin-orbit coupling dominates in IrF5 , leading to a triplet ground state with C4v symmetry, which was spectroscopically detected in solid argon and neon matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Yetsedaw A. Tsegaw
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Technische Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekr. C7Strasse des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Lin Li
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekr. C7Strasse des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
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13
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First modification strategy: Ester is better than acid to improve the activity of photocatalyst nano-TiO2. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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14
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Abstract
We introduce DMRG[FEAST], a new method for optimizing excited-state many-body wave functions with the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm. Our approach applies the FEAST algorithm, originally designed for large-scale diagonalization problems, to matrix product state wave functions. We show that DMRG[FEAST] enables the stable optimization of both low- and high-energy eigenstates, therefore overcoming the limitations of state-of-the-art excited-state DMRG algorithms. We demonstrate the reliability of DMRG[FEAST] by calculating anharmonic vibrational excitation energies of molecules with up to 30 fully coupled degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baiardi
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Klára Kelemen
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Bozal-Ginesta C, Rao RR, Mesa CA, Liu X, Hillman SAJ, Stephens IEL, Durrant JR. Redox-State Kinetics in Water-Oxidation IrO x Electrocatalysts Measured by Operando Spectroelectrochemistry. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Bozal-Ginesta
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Reshma R. Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Camilo A. Mesa
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Sam A. J. Hillman
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - James R. Durrant
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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16
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Hu G, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Organometallic complexes as preferred precursors to form molecular Ir(pyalk) coordination complexes for catalysis of oxygen evolution. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Hu G, Troiano JL, Tayvah UT, Sharninghausen LS, Sinha SB, Shopov DY, Mercado BQ, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Accessing Molecular Dimeric Ir Water Oxidation Catalysts from Coordination Precursors. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14349-14356. [PMID: 34478282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One ongoing challenge in the field of iridium-based water oxidation catalysts is to develop a molecular precatalyst affording well-defined homogeneous active species for catalysis. Our previous work by using organometallic precatalysts Cp*Ir(pyalk)OH and Ir(pyalk)(CO)2 (pyalk = (2-pyridyl)-2-propanolate) suggested a μ-oxo-bridged Ir dimer as the probable resting state, although the structure of the active species remained elusive. During the activation, the ligands Cp* and CO were found to oxidatively degrade into acetic acid or other products, which coordinate to Ir centers and affect the catalytic reaction. Two related dimers bearing two pyalk ligands on each iridium were crystallized for structural analysis. However, preliminary results indicated that these crystallographically characterized dimers are not active catalysts. In this work, we accessed a mixture of dinuclear iridium species from a coordination precursor, Na[Ir(pyalk)Cl4], and assayed their catalytic activity for oxygen evolution by using NaIO4 as the oxidant. This catalyst showed comparable oxygen-evolution activity to the ones previously reported from organometallic precursors without demanding oxidative activation to remove sacrificial ligands. Future research along this direction is expected to provide insights and design principles toward a well-defined active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongfang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jennifer L Troiano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Uriel T Tayvah
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Liam S Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Shashi Bhushan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dimitar Y Shopov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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18
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Dobereiner GE, Hazari N, Schley ND. Pioneers and Influencers in Organometallic Chemistry: Professor Robert Crabtree’s Storied Career via an Unusual Journey to the Ivy League. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham E. Dobereiner
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, Unites States
| | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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19
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Castro AC, Balcells D, Repisky M, Helgaker T, Cascella M. First-Principles Calculation of 1H NMR Chemical Shifts of Complex Metal Polyhydrides: The Essential Inclusion of Relativity and Dynamics. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17509-17518. [PMID: 33226791 PMCID: PMC7735704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR spectroscopy has become an important technique for the characterization of transition-metal hydride complexes, whose metal-bound hydrides are often difficult to locate by X-ray diffraction. In this regard, the accurate prediction of 1H NMR chemical shifts provides a useful, but challenging, strategy to help in the interpretation of the experimental spectra. In this work, we establish a density-functional-theory protocol that includes relativistic, solvent, and dynamic effects at a high level of theory, allowing us to report an accurate and reliable interpretation of 1H NMR hydride chemical shifts of iridium polyhydride complexes. In particular, we have studied in detail the hydride chemical shifts of the [Ir6(IMe)8(CO)2H14]2+ complex in order to validate previous assignments. The computed 1H NMR chemical shifts are strongly dependent on the relativistic treatment, the choice of the DFT exchange-correlation functional, and the conformational dynamics. By combining a fully relativistic four-component electronic-structure treatment with ab initio molecular dynamics, we were able to reliably model both the terminal and bridging hydride chemical shifts and to show that two NMR hydride signals were inversely assigned in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril C. Castro
- Hylleraas Centre
for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Centre
for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular
Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University
of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trygve Helgaker
- Hylleraas Centre
for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michele Cascella
- Hylleraas Centre
for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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20
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Peng HL, Chen XY, Li LP, Ye BH. Mechanism study on photo-oxidation dehydrogenation of cyclometalated Ir(III) amino acid complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Mai S, González L. Molecular Photochemistry: Recent Developments in Theory. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16832-16846. [PMID: 32052547 PMCID: PMC7540682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photochemistry is a fascinating branch of chemistry that is concerned with molecules and light. However, the importance of simulating light-induced processes is reflected also in fields as diverse as biology, material science, and medicine. This Minireview highlights recent progress achieved in theoretical chemistry to calculate electronically excited states of molecules and simulate their photoinduced dynamics, with the aim of reaching experimental accuracy. We focus on emergent methods and give selected examples that illustrate the progress in recent years towards predicting complex electronic structures with strong correlation, calculations on large molecules, describing multichromophoric systems, and simulating non-adiabatic molecular dynamics over long time scales, for molecules in the gas phase or in complex biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Photonics InstituteVienna University of TechnologyGusshausstrasse 27–291040ViennaAustria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 171090ViennaAustria
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22
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Tiede DM, Kwon G, He X, Mulfort KL, Martinson ABF. Characterizing electronic and atomic structures for amorphous and molecular metal oxide catalysts at functional interfaces by combining soft X-ray spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13276-13296. [PMID: 32567636 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02350g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous thin film materials and heterogenized molecular catalysts supported on electrode and other functional interfaces are widely investigated as promising catalyst formats for applications in solar and electrochemical fuels catalysis. However the amorphous character of these catalysts and the complexity of the interfacial architectures that merge charge transport properties of electrode and semiconductor supports with discrete sites for multi-step catalysis poses challenges for probing mechanisms that activate and tune sites for catalysis. This minireview discusses advances in soft X-ray spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering that provide opportunities to resolve interfacial electronic and atomic structures, respectively, that are linked to catalysis. This review discusses how these techniques can be partnered with advances in nanostructured interface synthesis for combined soft X-ray spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering analyses of thin film and heterogenized molecular catalysts. These combined approaches enable opportunities for the characterization of both electronic and atomic structures underlying fundamental catalytic function, and that can be applied under conditions relevant to device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Tiede
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA.
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23
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Mai S, González L. Molekulare Photochemie: Moderne Entwicklungen in der theoretischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institut für Photonik Technische Universität Wien Gußhausstraße 27–29 1040 Wien Österreich
| | - Leticia González
- Institut für theoretische Chemie Fakultät für Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 17 1090 Wien Österreich
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24
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Wong K, Cheung W, Sung HH‐Y, Williams ID, Leung W. Iridium Carbene and Carbamoyl Complexes Supported by a Tetradentate Pyridine‐Carboxamide Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Hong Wong
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Wai‐Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Herman H. ‐Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Wa‐Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
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25
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Fisher KJ, Feuer ML, Lant HMC, Mercado BQ, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Concerted proton-electron transfer oxidation of phenols and hydrocarbons by a high-valent nickel complex. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1683-1690. [PMID: 32206289 PMCID: PMC7069233 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05565g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-valent nickel(iii) complex Ni(pyalk)2 + (2) was prepared by oxidation of a nickel(ii) complex, Ni(pyalk)2 (1) (pyalk = 2-pyridyl-2-propanoate). 2 and derivatives were fully characterized by mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm that the oxidation is metal-centered. 2 was found to react with a variety of phenolic and hydrocarbon substrates. A linear correlation between the measured rate constant and the substrate bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) was found for both phenolic and hydrocarbon substrates. Large H/D kinetic isotope effects were also observed for both sets of substrates. These results suggest that 2 reacts through concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET). Analysis of measured thermodynamic parameters allows us to calculate a bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) of ∼91 kcal mol-1 for the O-H bond of the bound pyalk ligand. These findings may shed light onto CPET steps in oxidative catalysis and have implications for ligand design in catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Fisher
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA . ;
| | - Margalit L Feuer
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA . ;
| | - Hannah M C Lant
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA . ;
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA . ;
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA . ;
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA . ;
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26
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Baiardi A, Reiher M. The density matrix renormalization group in chemistry and molecular physics: Recent developments and new challenges. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:040903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5129672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baiardi
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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Volpe A, Tubaro C, Natali M, Sartorel A, Brudvig GW, Bonchio M. Light-Driven Water Oxidation with the Ir-blue Catalyst and the Ru(bpy) 32+/S 2O 82- Cycle: Photogeneration of Active Dimers, Electron-Transfer Kinetics, and Light Synchronization for Oxygen Evolution with High Quantum Efficiency. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16537-16545. [PMID: 31774669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven water oxidation is achieved with the Ru(bpy)32+/S2O82- cycle employing the highly active Ir-blue water oxidation catalyst, namely, an IrIV,IV2(pyalc)2 μ-oxo-dimer [pyalc = 2-(2'-pyridyl)-2-propanoate]. Ir-blue is readily formed by stepwise oxidation of the monomeric Ir(III) precursor 1 by the photogenerated Ru(bpy)33+, with a quantum yield ϕ of up to 0.10. Transient absorption spectroscopy and kinetic evidence point to a stepwise mechanism, where the primary event occurs via a fast photoinduced electron transfer from 1 to Ru(bpy)33+, leading to the Ir(IV) monomer I1 (k1 ∼ 108 M-1 s-1). The competent Ir-blue catalyst is then obtained from I1 upon photooxidative loss of the Cp* ligand and dimerization. The Ir-blue catalyst is active in the Ru(bpy)32+/S2O82- light-driven water oxidation cycle, where it undergoes two fast photoinduced electron transfers to Ru(bpy)33+ [with kIr-blue = (3.00 ± 0.02) × 108 M-1 s-1 for the primary event, outperforming iridium oxide nanoparticles by ca. 2 orders of magnitude], leading to a IrV,V2 steady-state intermediate involved in O-O bond formation. The quantum yield for oxygen evolution depends on the photon flux, showing a saturation regime and reaching an impressive value of ϕ(O2) = 0.32 ± 0.01 (corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 64 ± 2%) at low irradiation intensity. This result highlights the key requirement of orchestrating the rate of the photochemical events with dark catalytic turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Volpe
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SolarChem) , sez. di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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28
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Orbelli Biroli A, Tessore F, Di Carlo G, Pizzotti M, Benazzi E, Gentile F, Berardi S, Bignozzi CA, Argazzi R, Natali M, Sartorel A, Caramori S. Fluorinated Zn II Porphyrins for Dye-Sensitized Aqueous Photoelectrosynthetic Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32895-32908. [PMID: 31429275 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three perfluorinated ZnII porphyrins were evaluated as n-type sensitizers in photoelectrosynthetic cells for HBr and water splitting. All the dyes are featured by the presence of pentafluorophenyl electron-withdrawing groups to increase the ground-state oxidation potential and differ for the nature and position of the π-conjugate linker between the core and anchoring group tasked to bind the metal oxide, in order to assess the best way of coupling with the semiconductor. A phenyl-triazole moiety was used to link the carboxylic anchoring group onto the meso position, while an ethynyl-phenyl linker was chosen to bridge carboxylic and cyanoacrylic groups onto the β-pyrrolic position. A combination of electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic investigations confirmed the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the perfluorinated porphyrin core, which assures all the investigated dyes of the high oxidation potential required to the coupling with water oxidation catalysts (WOC). Such an electron-poor core, however, affects the charge separation character of the dyes, as demonstrated by the spatial distribution of the excited states, leading to a nonquantitative charge injection, although tilting of the molecules on the semiconductor surface could bring the porphyrin ring closer to the semiconductor, offering additional charge-transfer pathways. Indeed, all the dyes demonstrated successful in the splitting of both aqueous HBr and water, with the best results found for the SnO2/TiO2 photoanode sensitized with the β-substituted porphyrin equipped with a cyanoacrylic terminal group, achieving 0.4 and 0.1 mA/cm2 photoanodic currents in HBr and water under visible light, respectively. The faradaic yield for oxygen evolution in the presence of an IrIV catalyst was over 95%, and the photoanode operation was stable for more than 1000 s. Thus, the perfluorinated porphyrins with a cyanoacrylic anchoring group at the β-position should be considered for further development to improve the charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies of the National Research Council (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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Stein CJ, Reiher M. autoCAS: A Program for Fully Automated Multiconfigurational Calculations. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2216-2226. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Stein
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 2, 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 2, 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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Cui P, Gao Y, Guo S, Lin Y, Li Z, Jin G. Metalloradicals Supported by a
meta
‐Carborane Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8129-8133. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Fei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yue‐Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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Cui P, Gao Y, Guo S, Lin Y, Li Z, Jin G. Metalloradicals Supported by a
meta
‐Carborane Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Fei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yue‐Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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32
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Zhang B, Sun L. Artificial photosynthesis: opportunities and challenges of molecular catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2216-2264. [PMID: 30895997 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular catalysis plays an essential role in both natural and artificial photosynthesis (AP). However, the field of molecular catalysis for AP has gradually declined in recent years because of doubt about the long-term stability of molecular-catalyst-based devices. This review summarizes the development history of molecular-catalyst-based AP, including the fundamentals of AP, molecular catalysts for water oxidation, proton reduction and CO2 reduction, and molecular-catalyst-based AP devices, and it provides an analysis of the advantages, challenges, and stability of molecular catalysts. With this review, we aim to highlight the following points: (i) an investigation on molecular catalysis is one of the most promising ways to obtain atom-efficient catalysts with outstanding intrinsic activities; (ii) effective heterogenization of molecular catalysts is currently the primary challenge for the application of molecular catalysis in AP devices; (iii) development of molecular catalysts is a promising way to solve the problems of catalysis involved in practical solar fuel production. In molecular-catalysis-based AP, much has been attained, but more challenges remain with regard to long-term stability and heterogenization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bartlett SA, Sackville EV, Gibson EK, Celorrio V, Wells PP, Nachtegaal M, Sheehan SW, Hintermair U. Evidence for tetranuclear bis-μ-oxo cubane species in molecular iridium-based water oxidation catalysts from XAS analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7832-7835. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Latest EXAFS results suggest a ‘dimer-of-dimers’ as the dominant resting state of Ir-pyalk WOCs in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma V. Sackville
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Emma K. Gibson
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- UK
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
| | | | - Peter P. Wells
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- UK
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
| | | | | | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
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Shopov DY, Sharninghausen LS, Sinha SB, Mercado BQ, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Modification of a pyridine-alkoxide ligand during the synthesis of coordination compounds. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Sackville EV, Marken F, Hintermair U. Electrochemical and Kinetic Insights into Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts Derived from Cp*Ir(pyridine-alkoxide) Complexes. ChemCatChem 2018; 10:4280-4291. [PMID: 31007774 PMCID: PMC6470865 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the solution-phase electrochemistry of seven half-sandwich iridium(III) complexes with varying pyridine-alkoxide ligands to quantify electronic ligand effects that translate to their activity in catalytic water oxidation. Our results unify some previously reported electrochemical data of Cp*Ir complexes by showing how the solution speciation determines the electrochemical response: cationic complexes show over 1 V higher redox potentials that their neutral forms in a distinct demonstration of charge accumulation effects relevant to water oxidation. Building on previous work that analysed the activation behaviour of our pyalk-ligated Cp*Ir complexes 1-7, we assess their catalytic oxygen evolution activity with sodium periodate (NaIO4) and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) in water and aqueous tBuOH solution. Mechanistic studies including H/D kinetic isotope effects and reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) of oxygen evolution point to a dimer-monomer equilibrium of the IrIV resting state preceding a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in the turnover-limiting step (TLS). Finally, true electrochemically driven water oxidation is demonstrated for all catalysts, revealing surprising trends in activity that do not correlate with those obtained using chemical oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V. Sackville
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
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36
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Sharninghausen LS, Sinha SB, Shopov DY, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Some crystal growth strategies for diffraction structure studies of iridium complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Takemoto S, Tsujimoto T, Matsuzaka H. Anionic Trinuclear Iridium(I) Oxo Complex: Synthesis and Reactivity as a Metal-Centered σ-Donor Ligand to Gold(I) and Silver(I). Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takemoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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38
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Shopov DY, Sharninghausen LS, Sinha SB, Mercado BQ, Balcells D, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. A Dinuclear Iridium(V,V) Oxo-Bridged Complex Characterized Using a Bulk Electrolysis Technique for Crystallizing Highly Oxidizing Compounds. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5684-5691. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Y. Shopov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Liam S. Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Shashi Bhushan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Sharninghausen LS, Sinha SB, Shopov DY, Mercado BQ, Balcells D, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Synthesis and Characterization of Iridium(V) Coordination Complexes With an N,O‐Donor Organic Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashi Bhushan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Dimitar Y. Shopov
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P.O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
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40
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Sharninghausen LS, Sinha SB, Shopov DY, Mercado BQ, Balcells D, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Synthesis and Characterization of Iridium(V) Coordination Complexes With an N,O-Donor Organic Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13047-13051. [PMID: 28815915 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared and fully characterized two isomers of [IrIV (dpyp)2 ] (dpyp=meso-2,4-di(2-pyridinyl)-2,4-pentanediolate). These complexes can cleanly oxidize to [IrV (dpyp)2 ]+ , which to our knowledge represent the first mononuclear coordination complexes of IrV in an N,O-donor environment. One isomer has been fully characterized in the IrV state, including by X-ray crystallography, XPS, and DFT calculations, all of which confirm metal-centered oxidation. The unprecedented stability of these IrV complexes is ascribed to the exceptional donor strength of the ligands, their resistance to oxidative degradation, and the presence of four highly donor alkoxide groups in a plane, which breaks the degeneracy of the d-orbitals and favors oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam S Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shashi Bhushan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Dimitar Y Shopov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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