1
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Suresh R, Orbach N, Marek I. Stereoinvertive S N1 Through Neighboring Group Participation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407602. [PMID: 38763909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Neighboring group participation, the assistance of non-conjugated electrons to a reaction center, is a fundamental phenomenon in chemistry. In the framework of nucleophilic substitution reactions, neighboring group participation is known to cause rate acceleration, first order kinetics (SN1), and retention of configuration. The latter phenomenon is a result of double inversion: the first one when the neighboring group displaces the leaving group, and the second when a nucleophile substitutes the neighboring group. This powerful control of stereoretention has been widely used in organic synthesis for more than a century. However, neighboring group participation may also lead to inversion of configuration, a phenomenon which is often overlooked. Herein, we review this unique mode of stereoinversion, dividing the relevant reactions into three classes with the aim to introduce a fresh perspective on the different modes of stereoinversion via neighboring group participation as well as the factors that control this stereochemical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Noam Orbach
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
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2
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Li J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhai L, Huang J, Song L, You H, Chen FE. Desymmetrization of Inert meso-Diethers through Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation with Grignard Reagents. Org Lett 2024; 26:5844-5849. [PMID: 38950387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective Cu-catalyzed desymmetrization of inert meso-diethers using Grignard reagents. Moreover, previous inaccessible sterically hindered organometallic reagents are realized in the reaction with broad secondary alkyl Grignard reagents. Finally, detailed control experiments and density functional theory calculations revealed the desymmetrization of meso-diethers exploits a direct anti-SN2' pathway, in the absence of an in situ-generated allyl bromine intermediate. The following oxidative addition is the crucial rate-determining and enantioselectivity-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lianjie Zhai
- National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Junrong Huang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hengzhi You
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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3
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Hashimoto Y, Kong WY, Tantillo DJ. Discovery of a Formal Dyotropic Rearrangement during Acid-Mediated Dioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanone Formation. Org Lett 2024; 26:5441-5446. [PMID: 38900922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
A new reaction mechanism for the construction of dioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanone skeletons via a cation cascade has been proposed and examined by DFT and ab initio computations. This mechanism features the following steps: (1) intramolecular Friedel-Crafts-type cyclization with a methyl oxocarbenium cation formed by carboxylate disconnection, (2) electron-rich aromatic ring assisted methoxide loss followed by lactone formation, and (3) stepwise dyotropic rearrangement resulting in skeletal isomerization from a dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanone to the dioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanone product observed experimentally. The high regioselectivity and driving force for the overall rearrangement were rationalized, and Lewis and Brønsted acid mediated reactivities were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Hashimoto
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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4
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Li J, Huang J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhu Y, You H, Chen FE. Copper-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution of racemic/ meso substrates. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8280-8294. [PMID: 38846404 PMCID: PMC11151816 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of enantiomerically pure compounds is a pivotal subject in the field of chemistry, with enantioselective catalysis currently standing as the primary approach for delivering specific enantiomers. Among these strategies, Cu-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution (AAS) is significant and irreplaceable, especially when it comes to the use of non-stabilized nucleophiles (pK a > 25). Although Cu-catalyzed AAS of prochiral substrates has also been widely developed, methodologies involving racemic/meso substrates are highly desirable, as the substrates undergo dynamic processes to give single enantiomer products. Inspired by the pioneering work of the Alexakis, Feringa and Gennari groups, Cu-catalyzed AAS has been continuously employed in deracemization and desymmetrization processes for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched products. In this review, we mainly focus on the developments of Cu-catalyzed AAS with racemic/meso substrates over the past two decades, providing an explicit outline of the ligands employed, the scope of nucleophiles, the underlying dynamic processes and their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Junrong Huang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuexin Liu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen 518107 China
| | - Hengzhi You
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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5
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McNamee RE, Frank N, Christensen KE, Duarte F, Anderson EA. Taming nonclassical carbocations to control small ring reactivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9695. [PMID: 38215201 PMCID: PMC10786418 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Prediction of the outcome of ring opening of small organic rings under cationic conditions can be challenging due to the intermediacy of nonclassical carbocations. For example, the solvolysis of cyclobutyl or cyclopropylmethyl derivatives generates up to four products on nucleophilic capture or elimination via cyclopropylcarbinyl and bicyclobutonium ions. Here, we show that such reaction outcomes can be controlled by subtle changes to the structure of nonclassical carbocation. Using bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes as cation precursors, the regio- and stereochemistry of ring opening is shown to depend on the degree and nature of the substituents on the cationic intermediates. Reaction outcomes are rationalized using computational models, resulting in a flowchart to predict product formation from a given cation precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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6
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Li QH, Zhang GS, Wang F, Cen Y, Liu XL, Zhang JW, Wang YH, Lee AWM, Gao D, Lin GQ, Tian P. Nature-inspired catalytic asymmetric rearrangement of cyclopropylcarbinyl cation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg1237. [PMID: 37163601 PMCID: PMC10171815 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In nature, cyclopropylcarbinyl cation is often involved in cationic cascade reactions catalyzed by natural enzymes to produce a great number of structurally diverse natural substances. However, mimicking this natural process with artificial organic catalysts remains a daunting challenge in synthetic chemistry. We report a small molecule-catalyzed asymmetric rearrangement of cyclopropylcarbinyl cations, leading to a series of chiral homoallylic sulfide products with good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 99% enantiomeric excess). In the presence of a chiral SPINOL-derived N-triflyl phosphoramide catalyst, the dehydration of prochiral cyclopropylcarbinols occurs rapidly to generate symmetrical cyclopropylcarbinyl cations, which are subsequently trapped by thione-containing nucleophiles. A subgram-scale experiment and multiple downstream transformations of the sulfide products are further pursued to demonstrate the synthetic utility. Notably, a few heteroaromatic sulfone derivatives could serve as "covalent warhead" in the enzymatic inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 main protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Li
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gui-Shan Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yixin Cen
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi-Liang Liu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Albert W M Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dingding Gao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Tian
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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7
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Larmore SP, Champagne PA. Cyclopropylcarbinyl-to-Homoallyl Carbocation Equilibria Influence the Stereospecificity in the Nucleophilic Substitution of Cyclopropylcarbinols. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37141426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of quaternary homoallylic halides and trichloroacetates from cyclopropylcarbinols, as reported by Marek (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 5543-5548), is one of the few reported examples of stereospecific nucleophilic substitution involving chiral bridged carbocations. However, for the phenyl-substituted substrates, poor specificity is observed and mixtures of diastereomers are obtained. To understand the nature of the intermediates involved and explain the loss of specificity for certain substrates, we have performed a computational investigation of the reaction mechanism using ωB97X-D optimizations and DLPNO-CCSD(T) energy refinements. Our results indicate that cyclopropylcarbinyl cations are stable intermediates in this reaction, while bicyclobutonium structures are high-energy transition structures that are not involved. Instead, multiple rearrangement pathways of cyclopropylcarbinyl cations were located, including ring openings to homoallylic cations. The activation barriers required to reach such structures are correlated to the nature of the substituents; while direct nucleophilic attack on the chiral cyclopropylcarbinyl cations is kinetically favored for most systems, the rearrangements become competitive with nucleophilic attack for the phenyl-substituted systems, leading to a loss of specificity through rearranged carbocation intermediates. As such, stereospecific reactions of chiral cyclopropylcarbinyl cations depend on the energies required to access their corresponding homoallylic structures, from which selectivity is not guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Larmore
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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8
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A novel crystalline template for the structural determination of flexible chain compounds of nanoscale length. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Hui C, Craggs L, Antonchick AP. Ring contraction in synthesis of functionalized carbocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8652-8675. [PMID: 36172989 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbocycles are a key and widely present structural motif in organic compounds. The construction of structurally intriguing carbocycles, such as highly-strained fused rings, spirocycles or highly-functionalized carbocycles with congested stereocenters, remains challenging in organic chemistry. Cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes within such carbocycles can be synthesized through ring contraction. These ring contractions involve re-arrangement of and/or small molecule extrusion from a parental ring, which is either a carbocycle or a heterocycle of larger size. This review provides an overview of synthetic methods for ring contractions to form cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes en route to structurally intriguing carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luke Craggs
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.,Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
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10
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Csenki JT, Tóth BL, Béke F, Varga B, P. Fehér P, Stirling A, Czégény Z, Bényei A, Novák Z. Synthesis of Hydrofluoroolefin-Based Iodonium Reagent via Dyotropic Rearrangement and Its Utilization in Fluoroalkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208420. [PMID: 35876269 PMCID: PMC9540448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
[1,2]-shift of atoms in alkyl fragments belongs to the class of dyotropic rearrangements. Various atoms, including halogens can be involved in the migration, however participation of iodine is unprecedented. Herein, we report our experimental and DFT studies on the oxidation triggered dyotropic rearrangement of iodo and chloro functions via butterfly-type transition state to demonstrate the migrating ability of λ3 -iodane centre. With the exploitation of dyotropic rearrangement we designed and synthesized a novel fluoroalkyl iodonium reagent from industrial feedstock gas HFO-1234yf. We demonstrated that the hypervalent reagent serves as an excellent fluoroalkylation agent for various amines and nitrogen heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- János T. Csenki
- ELTE “Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group DepartmentInstitute of ChemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter stny. 1/A1117BudapestHungary
| | - Balázs L. Tóth
- ELTE “Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group DepartmentInstitute of ChemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter stny. 1/A1117BudapestHungary
| | - Ferenc Béke
- ELTE “Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group DepartmentInstitute of ChemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter stny. 1/A1117BudapestHungary
| | - Bálint Varga
- ELTE “Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group DepartmentInstitute of ChemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter stny. 1/A1117BudapestHungary
| | - Péter P. Fehér
- Research Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar Tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - András Stirling
- Research Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar Tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
- Department of ChemistryEszterházy Károly Catholic UniversityLeányka u. 63300EgerHungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Czégény
- Research Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar Tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- ELTE “Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group DepartmentInstitute of ChemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter stny. 1/A1117BudapestHungary
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11
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Csenki JT, Tóth BL, Béke F, Varga B, Fehér PP, Stirling A, Czégény Z, Bényei A, Novák Z. Synthesis of Hydrofluoroolefin‐based Iodonium Reagent via Dyotropic Rearrangement and Its Utilization in Fluoroalkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- János Tivadar Csenki
- Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem: Eotvos Lorand Tudomanyegyetem Institute of Chemistry HUNGARY
| | - Balázs László Tóth
- Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem: Eotvos Lorand Tudomanyegyetem Institute of Chemistry HUNGARY
| | - Ferenc Béke
- Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem: Eotvos Lorand Tudomanyegyetem Institute of Chemistry HUNGARY
| | - Bálint Varga
- Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem: Eotvos Lorand Tudomanyegyetem Institute of Chemistry HUNGARY
| | - Péter Pál Fehér
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont HUNGARY
| | - András Stirling
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont HUNGARY
| | - Zsuzsanna Czégény
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont HUNGARY
| | - Attila Bényei
- University of Debrecen: Debreceni Egyetem Department of Physical Chemistry HUNGARY
| | - Zoltán Novák
- Eotvos Lorand Tudomanyegyetem Institute of Chemistry Pázány Péter stny 1/a 1117 Budapest HUNGARY
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12
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Meurer F, von Essen C, Kühn C, Puschmann H, Bodensteiner M. The benefits of Cu Kβ radiation for the single-crystal X-ray structure determination of crystalline sponges. IUCRJ 2022; 9:349-354. [PMID: 35546798 PMCID: PMC9067116 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline sponge method facilitates the X-ray structure determination of samples that do not crystallize or are too sparsely available to afford viable crystallization. By including these materials in a metal-organic framework, the structure of the guest molecules can be determined. Some of the inherent difficulties of this method are discussed and the use of Cu Kβ radiation is presented as a simple and effective means to improve the quality of the diffraction data that can be obtained from a sponge crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Meurer
- University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg, 93053 Bayern, Germany
| | - Carolina von Essen
- Merck Innovation Center, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293 Hessen, Germany
| | - Clemens Kühn
- Merck Innovation Center, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293 Hessen, Germany
| | - Horst Puschmann
- OlexSys Ltd, Chemistry Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bodensteiner
- University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg, 93053 Bayern, Germany
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13
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Santalla H, Nieto Faza O, Gómez G, Fall Y, López CS. On the mechanism of the dyotropic expansion of hydrindanes into decalins. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1073-1079. [PMID: 35029264 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02150h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined computational/experimental approach has revealed key mechanistic aspects in a recently reported dyotropic expansion of hydrindanes into decalins. While computer simulations had already anticipated the need for acid catalysis for making this reaction feasible under the mild conditions used in the laboratory, this work places the dyotropic step not into the reaction flask but at a later step, during the work up instead. With this information in hand the reaction has been optimized by exploring the performance of different activating agents and shown to be versatile, particularly in steroid related chemistry due to the two scaffolds that this reaction connects. Finally, the scope of the reaction has been significantly broadened by showing that this protocol can also operate in the absence of the fused six-member ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Santalla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Olalla Nieto Faza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Generosa Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Yagamare Fall
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Silva López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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14
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Dubey R, Yan K, Kikuchi T, Sairenji S, Rossen A, Goh SS, Feringa BL, Fujita M. Absolute Configuration Determination from Low
ee
Compounds by the Crystalline Sponge Method. Unusual Conglomerate Formation in a Pre‐Determined Crystalline Lattice. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Dubey
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - KaKing Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi Tokyo 196-8628 Japan
| | - Shiho Sairenji
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Anouk Rossen
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shermin S. Goh
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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15
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Dubey R, Yan K, Kikuchi T, Sairenji S, Rossen A, Goh SS, Feringa BL, Fujita M. Absolute Configuration Determination from Low ee Compounds by the Crystalline Sponge Method. Unusual Conglomerate Formation in a Pre-Determined Crystalline Lattice. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11809-11813. [PMID: 33749083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
When chiral compounds with low enantiomeric excess (ee, R:S=m:n) were absorbed into the void of the crystalline sponge (CS), enantiomerically pure [(R)m (S)n ] chiral composites were formed, changing the centrosymmetric space group into non-centrosymmetric one. The absolute configuration of the analyte compounds was elucidated with a reasonable Flack (Parsons) parameter value. This phenomenon is characteristic to the "post-crystallization" in the pre-determined CS crystalline lattice, seldom found in common crystallization where the crystalline lattice is defined by an analyte itself. The results highlight the potential of the CS method for absolute configuration determination of low ee samples, an often encountered situation in asymmetric synthesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Dubey
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - KaKing Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, 196-8628, Japan
| | - Shiho Sairenji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Anouk Rossen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shermin S Goh
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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16
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Cardenal A, Ramadhar TR. Application of Crystalline Matrices for the Structural Determination of Organic Molecules. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:406-414. [PMID: 33791424 PMCID: PMC8006175 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) is one of the most powerful structural determination techniques for organic molecules, the requirement of obtaining a suitable crystal for analysis limits its applicability, particularly for liquids and amorphous solids. The emergent use of preformed porous crystalline matrices that can absorb organic compounds and stabilize them via host-guest interactions for observation via SC-XRD offers a way to overcome this hindrance. A topical and current discussion of SC-XRD in organic chemistry and the use of preformed matrices for the in crystallo analysis of organic compounds, with a particular focus on the absolute structure determination of chiral molecules, is presented. Preformed crystalline matrices that are covered include metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as used in the crystalline sponge method, metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs, coordination cages), porous organic materials (POMs)/porous organic molecular crystals (POMCs), and biological scaffolds. An outlook and perspective on the current technology and on its future directions is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley
D. Cardenal
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States
| | - Timothy R. Ramadhar
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States
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17
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Wei C, Zhu J, Zhang J, Deng Q, Mo D. Synthesis of Spirofluorenyl‐
β
‐Lactams through Cycloaddition and Ring Contraction from
N
‐Aryl Fluorenone Nitrones and Methylenecyclopropanes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie‐Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin‐Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong‐Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
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18
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Goh SS, Guduguntla S, Kikuchi T, Lutz M, Otten E, Fujita M, Feringa BL. Desymmetrization of meso-Dibromocycloalkenes through Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution with Organolithium Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7052-7055. [PMID: 29790736 PMCID: PMC6002767 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The
highly regio- and enantioselective (up to >99:1 dr, up to 99:1
er) desymmetrization of meso-1,4-dibromocycloalk-2-enes
using asymmetric allylic substitution with organolithium reagents
to afford enantioenriched bromocycloalkenes (ring size of 5 to 7)
has been achieved. The cycloheptene products undergo an unusual ring
contraction. The synthetic versatility of this Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction
is demonstrated by the concise stereocontrolled preparation of cyclic
amino alcohols, which are privileged chiral structures in natural
products and pharmaceuticals and widely used in synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shermin S Goh
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 , Singapore 138634
| | - Sureshbabu Guduguntla
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo , Bukyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan.,Rigaku Corporation , 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho , Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-8666 , Japan
| | - Martin Lutz
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research , Utrecht University , Padualaan 8 , 3584 CH Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo , Bukyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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19
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The Conundrum of the (C4H7)+ Cation: Bicyclobutonium and Related Carbocations. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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