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Kim S, Sabury S, Perini CAR, Hossain T, Yusuf AO, Xiao X, Li R, Graham KR, Reynolds JR, Correa-Baena JP. Enhancing Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells through Thermal Transition and Thin Film Crystallization Engineering of Polymeric Hole Transport Layers. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:4501-4508. [PMID: 39296968 PMCID: PMC11406513 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Organic hole transport layers (HTLs) have been known to be susceptible to thermal stress, leading to poor long-term stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We synthesized three 2,5-dialkoxy-substituted, 1,4-bis(2-thienyl)phenylene (TPT)-based conjugated polymers (CPs) linked with thiophene-based (thiophene (T) and thienothiophene (TT)) comonomers and evaluated them as HTLs in n-i-p PSCs. TPT-T (MB/C6), which has branched 2-methylbutyl and linear hexyl (MB/C6) side chains, emerged as a promising HTL candidate, enabling power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) greater than 15%. In addition, PSCs with this HTL showed an improvement in long-term stability at elevated temperatures of 65 °C when compared to those with the state-of-art HTL, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-dimethoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). This improvement is ascribed to the lack of thermal transitions within the operational temperature range of PSCs for TPT-T (MB/C6), which is attributed to the relatively short branched side chains of this polymer. We propose that the elimination of thermal transitions below 200 °C leads to HTLs without cracking as-deposited and after conducting a stress test at 65 °C, which can serve as a new design guideline for HTL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sina Sabury
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Carlo A R Perini
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tareq Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Augustine O Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Ye L, Wu J, Catalán-Gómez S, Yuan L, Sun R, Chen R, Liu Z, Ulloa JM, Hierro A, Guo P, Zhou Y, Wang H. Superoxide radical derived metal-free spiro-OMeTAD for highly stable perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7889. [PMID: 39256386 PMCID: PMC11387419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium salt-doped spiro-OMeTAD is widely used as a hole-transport layer (HTL) for high-efficiency n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but unfortunately facing awkward instability for commercialization arising from the intrinsic Li+ migration and hygroscopicity. We herein demonstrate a superoxide radicals (•O2-) derived HTL of metal-free spiro-OMeTAD with remarkable capability of avoiding the conventional tedious oxidation treatment in air for highly stable PSCs. Present work explores the employing of variant-valence Eu(TFSI)2 salts that could generate •O2- for facile and adequate pre-oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, resulting in the HTL with dramatically increased conductivity and work function. Comparing to devices adopting HTL with LiTFSI doping, the •O2--derived spiro-OMeTAD increases the PSCs efficiency up to 25.45% and 20.76% for 0.05 cm2 active area and 6 × 6 cm2 module, respectively. State-of-art PSCs employing such metal-free HTLs are also demonstrated to show much-improved environmental stability even under harsh conditions, e.g., maintaining over 90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of operation at the maximum power point and after 80 light-thermal cycles under simulated low earth orbit conditions, respectively, indicating the potentials of developing metal-free spiro-OMeTAD for low-cost and shortened processing of perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | | | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Riming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Ruihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | | | - Adrian Hierro
- ISOM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China.
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3
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Wang S, Wu T, Guo J, Zhao R, Hua Y, Zhao Y. Engineering the Hole Transport Layer with a Conductive Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Framework for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1383-1395. [PMID: 39071056 PMCID: PMC11273455 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Spiro-OMeTAD doped with lithium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide (Li-TFSI) and tertbutyl-pyridine (t-BP) is widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Spiro-OMeTAD based PSCs typically show poor stability owing to the agglomeration of Li-TFSI, the migration of lithium ions (Li+), and the existence of potential mobile defects originating from the perovskite layer. Thus, it is necessary to search for a strategy that suppresses the degradation of PSCs and overcomes the Shockley Queisser efficiency limit via harvesting excess energy from hot charge carrier. Herein, two covalent organic frameworks (COFs) including BPTA-TAPD-COF and a well-defined donor-acceptor COF (BPTA-TAPD-COF@TCNQ) were developed and incorporated into Spiro-OMeTAD HTL. BPTA-TAPD-COF and BPTA-TAPD-COF@TCNQ could act as multifunctional additives of Spiro-OMeTAD HTL, which improve the photovoltaic performance and stability of the PSC device by accelerating charge-carrier extraction, suppressing the Li+ migration and Li-TFSI agglomeration, and capturing mobile defects. Benefiting from the increased conductivity, the addition of BPTA-TAPD-COF@TCNQ in the device led to the highest power conversion efficiency of 24.68% with long-term stability in harsh conditions. This work provides an example of using COFs as additives of HTL to enable improvements of both efficiency and stability for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihuai Wang
- Yunnan
Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of
Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Tai Wu
- Yunnan
Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of
Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Zhao
- Yunnan
Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of
Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Hua
- Yunnan
Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of
Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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4
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Wu J, Yan P, Yang D, Guan H, Yang S, Cao X, Liao X, Ding P, Sun H, Ge Z. Bisphosphonate-Anchored Self-Assembled Molecules with Larger Dipole Moments for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Excellent Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401537. [PMID: 38768481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In the fabrication of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the wettability, adsorbability, and compactness of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on conductive substrates have critical impacts on the quality of the perovskite films and the defects at the buried perovskite-substrate interface, which control the efficiency and stability of the devices. Herein, three bisphosphonate-anchored indolocarbazole (IDCz)-derived SAMs, IDCz-1, IDCz-2, and IDCz-3, are designed and synthesized by modulating the position of the two nitrogen atoms of the IDCz unit to improve the molecular dipole moments and strengthen the π-π interactions. Regulating the work functions (WF) of FTO electrodes through molecular dipole moments and energy levels, the perovskite band bends upwards with a small offset for ITO/IDCz-3/perovskite, thereby promoting hole extraction and blocking electrons. As a result, the inverted PSC employing IDCz-3 as hole-collecting layer exhibits a champion PCE of 25.15%, which is a record efficiency for the multipodal SAMs-based PSCs. Moreover, the unencapsulated device with IDCz-3 can be stored for at least 1800 h with little degradation in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Pengyu Yan
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Daobin Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haowei Guan
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Shuncheng Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiaochun Liao
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Ding
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He Sun
- Innovation Center for Organic Electronics (INOEL), Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-0119, Japan
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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5
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Liang X, Ming Y, Lee SH, Fu G, Lee SU, Kim TI, Zhang H, Park NG. Degassing 4- tert-Butylpyridine in the Spiro-MeOTAD Film Improves the Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32147-32159. [PMID: 38864112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The organic molecular 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(4,4'-dimethoxy-3-methyldiphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-MeOTAD) is known as a typical hole transport material in the development of an all-solid-state perovskite solar cell (PSC). Spiro-MeOTAD requires additives of lithium bifurflimide (LiTFSI) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) to increase the conductivity and solubility for enhancing the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. However, those additives have an adverse effect on the thermal stability. We report on the origin of instability of additive-containing Spiro-MeOTAD at 85 °C and the methodology to solve the thermal instability. We have found that the interaction of LiTFSI with the underneath perovskite surface facilitated by diffusive tBP is responsible for thermal degradation. Degasification of tBP from the Spiro-MeOTAD film is found to be the key to achieving thermally stable PSCs, where the optimal degassing process achieves 90% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 85 °C after 1000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ming
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Guiming Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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6
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Xie G, Wang J, Yin S, Liang A, Wang W, Chen Z, Feng C, Yu J, Liao X, Fu Y, Xue Q, Min Y, Lu X, Chen Y. Dual-Strategy Tailoring Molecular Structures of Dopant-Free Hole Transport Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403083. [PMID: 38502273 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Dopant-free hole transport materials (HTMs) are ideal materials for highly efficient and stable n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but most current design strategies for tailoring the molecular structures of HTMs are limited to single strategy. Herein, four HTMs based on dithienothiophenepyrrole (DTTP) core are devised through dual-strategy methods combining conjugate engineering and side chain engineering. DTTP-ThSO with ester alkyl chain that can form six-membered ring by the S⋅⋅⋅O noncovalent conformation lock with thiophene in the backbone shows good planarity, high-quality film, matching energy level and high hole mobility, as well as strong defect passivation ability. Consequently, a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.3 % with a nice long-term stability is achieved by dopant-free DTTP-ThSO-based PSCs, representing one of the highest values for un-doped organic HTMs based PSCs. Especially, the fill factor (FF) of 82.3 % is the highest value for dopant-free small molecular HTMs-based n-i-p PSCs to date. Moreover, DTTP-ThSO-based devices have achieved an excellent PCE of 20.9 % in large-area (1.01 cm2) devices. This work clearly elucidates the structure-performance relationships of HTMs and offers a practical dual-strategy approach to designing dopant-free HTMs for high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shungao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Aihui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Ziming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chuizheng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Jianxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yuang Fu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qifan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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7
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Song T, Jang H, Seo J, Roe J, Song S, Kim JW, Yeop J, Lee Y, Lee H, Cho S, Kim JY. Enhancing Performance and Stability of Sn-Pb Perovskite Solar Cells with Oriented Phenyl-C 61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Layer via High-Temperature Annealing. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2992-3001. [PMID: 38227810 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) can be used as a passivation material in perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) in order to reduce the trap site of the perovskite. Here, we show that a thick PCBM layer can form a smoother surface on the SnO2 substrate, improving the grain size and reducing the microstrain of the perovskite. High-temperature annealing treatment of PCBM layer not only increases its solvent resistance to perovskite precursor or antisolvent, but also enhances its molecular alignment, resulting in improved conductivity as an electron transport layer. High-temperature annealed PCBM (HT-PCBM) effectively minimizes trap-assisted nonradiative recombination by reducing trap density in perovskite and improving the electrical properties at the interface between SnO2 and perovskite layers. This HT-PCBM process significantly enhances the performance of the PeSCs, including the open-circuit voltage (VOC) from 0.39 to 0.77 V, fill factor from 52% to 65%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 6.03% to 15.50%, representing substantial improvements compared to devices without PCBM. This PCE is the highest efficiency among conventional (n-i-p) Sn-Pb PeSCs reported to date. Moreover, passivating the trap sites of SnO2 and separating the interface between the Sn-containing perovskite and the substrate effectively have improved the stability of the Sn-Pb perovskite in the n-i-p structure. The optimized best device with HT-PCBM has maintained an efficiency of over 90% for more than 300 h at 85 °C and 5000 h at room temperature in a glovebox atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehee Song
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyungsu Jang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jongdeuk Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jina Roe
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seyeong Song
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jae Won Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jiwoo Yeop
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Heunjeong Lee
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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8
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Liu Y, Xu T, Xu Z, Zhang H, Yang T, Wang Z, Xiang W, Liu S. Defect Passivation and Lithium Ion Coordination Via Hole Transporting Layer Modification for High Performance Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306982. [PMID: 37612838 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have great potential to achieve high efficiency with excellent thermal stability. However, the surface defect traps restrain the achievement of high open circuit voltage (VOC ) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices due to the severe nonradiative charge recombination. Moreover, the state-of-the-art hole transporting layer (HTL) significantly hampers device moisture stability, even though it renders the highest solar cell efficiency. Herein, a one-stone-two-birds strategy is proposed using a biocompatible material tryptamine (TA) as an additive in HTL. First, TA bearing electron rich moieties can favorably passivate the surface defects of inorganic perovskite films, significantly reducing trap density and prolonging charge lifetime. It results in a drastic improvement of VOC from 1.192 to 1.251 V, with a VOC loss of 0.48 V. The corresponding PSCs achieve a 21.8% PCE under 100 mW cm-2 illumination. Second, TA in HTL can coordinate with lithium cations, retarding their reaction with moisture and increasing the moisture stability of HTL. Consequently, the black phase of inorganic perovskite films is well preserved, and the corresponding PSCs maintain 90% of the initial PCE after 800 h storage at relative humidity of 25-35%, much higher than the control devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Tianfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Tengteng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zezhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wanchun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Shengzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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9
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Zhang H, Song Y, Sun Y, Huang S, Cao Y. Highly efficient and durable planar carbon-based perovskite solar cells enabled by polystyrene modified hole-transporting layers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:463-469. [PMID: 37604057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency and durability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are closely related to the property and stability of each functional layer involved in device. Owing to the excellent hole transport properties, the additive-doped Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7'-tetrakis (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine) 9,9'-spirobifluorene) has become an excellent hole-transporting material for obtaining highly efficient PSCs. However, the hygroscopic nature of additives and the pinholes caused by poor film-forming capability inevitably impair the performance and long-term stability of Spiro-OMeTAD and the resulting PSCs. In this study, the hydrophobic polymer polystyrene (PS) was incorporated to improve the hydrophobicity and film-forming capability of the additive-doped Spiro-OMeTAD films. Based on the PS-modified Spiro-OMeTAD and carbon electrodes, the derived planar carbon-based PSCs exhibited significantly enhanced long-term stability, which can maintain 92% of its initial efficiency after aging for 2500 h under ambient atmosphere without encapsulation. In addition, the PS-modified Spiro-OMeTAD exhibited improved morphology with reduced pinholes, contributing to significantly enhanced interfacial carrier transport. Finally, a champion power conversion efficiency of 21.06% was obtained, which is one of the highest efficiencies reported for the planar carbon-based PSCs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Zhang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, PR China.
| | - Yaoyao Song
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, PR China
| | - Yunzhao Sun
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, PR China
| | - Shixian Huang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, PR China
| | - Yang Cao
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, PR China
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10
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Liu J, Ye T, Yu D, Liu SF, Yang D. Recoverable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells for Next-Generation Portable Power Sources. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307225. [PMID: 37345965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) with excellent recoverability show a wide range of potential applications in portable power sources. The recoverability of FPSCs requires outstanding bendability of each functional layer, including the flexible substrates, electrodes, perovskite light absorbers, and charge transport materials. This review highlights the recent progress and practical applications of high-recoverability FPSCs, and illustrates the routes toward improvement of the recoverability and environmental stability through the choice of flexible substrates and the preparation of high-quality perovskite films, as well as the optimization of charge-selective contacts. In addition, we explore the intrinsic properties of each functional layer from the physical perspective and analyze how to select suitable functional layers. Additionally, some effective strategies are summarized, including material modification engineering of selective contacts, additives and interface engineering of interlayers, which can release mechanical stress and increase the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) and recoverability of the FPSCs. The challenges of making high-performance FPSCs with long-term stability and high recoverability are discussed. Finally, future applications and perspectives for FPSCs are discussed, aiming to promote more extensive commercialization processes for lightweight and durable FPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Dongqu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Technology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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11
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Du G, Yang L, Dong P, Qi L, Che Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang J. Sequential Molecule-Doped Hole Conductor to Achieve >23% Perovskite Solar Cells with 3000-Hour Operational Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303692. [PMID: 37354138 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Although hole transport layers (HTLs) based on solution-processed doped Spiro-OMeTAD are extremely popular and effective for their remarkable performance in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their scalable application is still being held back by poor chemical stability and unsatisfied scalability. Essentially, the volatile components and hygroscopic nature of ionic salts often cause morphological deformation that deteriorate both device efficiency and stability. Herein, a simple and effective molecular implantation-assisted sequential doping (MISD) approach is strategically introduced to modulate spatial doping uniformity of organic films and fabricate all evaporated Spiro-OMeTAD layer in which phase-segregation free HTL is achieved accompanied with high molecular density, uniform doping composition, and superior optoelectronic characteristics. The resultant MISD-based devices attain a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4%, which represents the highest reported value among all the PSCs with evaporated HTLs. Simultaneously, the unencapsulated devices realize considerably enhanced stability by maintaining over 90% of their initial PCEs in the air for 5200 h and after working at maximum power point under illumination for 3000 h. This method provides a facile way to fabricate robust and reliable HTLs toward developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Du
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Peiyao Dong
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lianlian Qi
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuliang Che
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
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12
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Sonsona IG, Carrera M, Más-Montoya M, Sánchez RS, Serafini P, Barea EM, Mora-Seró I, Curiel D. 2D-Self-Assembled Organic Materials in Undoped Hole Transport Bilayers for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22310-22319. [PMID: 37099614 PMCID: PMC10176319 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between photoactive perovskite layer and selective contacts play a key role in the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The properties of the interface can be modified by the introduction of molecular interlayers between the halide perovskite and the transporting layers. Herein, two novel structurally related molecules, 1,3,5-tris(α-carbolin-6-yl)benzene (TACB) and the hexamethylated derivative of truxenotris(7-azaindole) (TTAI), are reported. Both molecules have the ability to self-assemble through reciprocal hydrogen bond interactions, but they have different degrees of conformational freedom. The benefits of combining these tripodal 2D-self-assembled small molecular materials with well-known hole transporting layers (HTLs), such as PEDOT:PSS and PTAA, in PSCs with inverted configuration are described. The use of these molecules, particularly the more rigid TTAI, enhanced the charge extraction efficiency and reduced the charge recombination. Consequently, an improved photovoltaic performance was achieved in comparison to the devices fabricated with the standard HTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G Sonsona
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Carrera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Más-Montoya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rafael S Sánchez
- Institute of Advanced Materials, University Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Patricio Serafini
- Institute of Advanced Materials, University Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Eva M Barea
- Institute of Advanced Materials, University Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute of Advanced Materials, University Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - David Curiel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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13
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Cao F, Zhu Z, Zhang C, Chen P, Wang S, Tong A, He R, Wang Y, Sun W, Li Y, Wu J. Synergistic Ionic Liquid in Hole Transport Layers for Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207784. [PMID: 36974610 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with n-i-p structures often utilize an organic 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis (N, N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) along with additives of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt (LiTFSI) and tert-butylpyridine as the hole transporting layer (HTL). However, the HTL lacks stability in ambient air, and numerous defects are often present on the perovskite surface, which is not conducive to a stable and efficient PSC. Therefore, constructive strategies that simultaneously stabilize spiro-OMeTAD and passivate the perovskite surface are required. In this work, it is demonstrated that a novel ionic liquid of dimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (DMATFSI) could act as a bifunctional HTL modulator in n-i-p PSCs. The addition of DMATFSI into spiro-OMeTAD can effectively stabilize the oxidized spiro-OMeTAD+ cation radicals through the formation of spiro-OMeTAD+ TFSI- because of the excellent charge delocalization of the conjugated CF3 SO2 - moiety within TFSI- . In addition, DMA+ cations could move toward the perovskite from the HTL, resulting in the passivation of defects at the perovskite surface. Accordingly, a power conversion efficiency of 23.22% is achieved for PSCs with DMATFSI and LiTFSI co-doped spiro-OMeTAD. Moreover, benefiting from the improved ion migration barrier and hydrophobicity of the HTL, still retained nearly 80% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 36 days of exposure to ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxian Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Ziyao Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Pengxu Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Shibo Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Anling Tong
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Ruowei He
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Weihai Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
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14
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Zheng K, Liu C, Yu K, Meng Y, Yin X, Bu S, Lin S, Liu C, Ge Z. Approaching the Fill Factor Limit in Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Layer-Based All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36897231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hole transporting layer (HTL) has a critical impact on the performance and stability of the devices. In an attempt to alleviate the moisture and thermal stability issues from the commonly used HTL Spiro-OMeTAD with dopant, it is urgent to develop novel HTLs with high stability. In this study, a new class of polymers D18 and D18-Cl are applied as undoped HTL for CsPbI2Br-based PSCs. In addition to the excellent hole transporting properties, we unveil that D18 and D18-Cl with larger thermal expansion coefficient than that of CsPbI2Br could impose a compressive stress onto the CsPbI2Br film upon thermal treatment, which could release the residual tensile stress in the film. As a result, the efficiency of CsPbI2Br-based PSCs with D18-Cl as HTL reaches 16.73%, and the fill factor (FF) exceeds 85%, which is one of the highest FF records for the conventional-structured device to date. The devices also show impressive thermal stability with over 80% of the initial PCE retained after 85 °C heating for 1500 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghui Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Technology and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Kuibao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yin
- College of Materials Technology and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Shixiao Bu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Cuirong Liu
- College of Materials Technology and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
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15
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Tzoganakis N, Tsikritzis D, Chatzimanolis K, Zhuang X, Kymakis E. A Low-Cost and Lithium-Free Hole Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Normal Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:883. [PMID: 36903761 PMCID: PMC10005682 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The most widely used material as a hole-transport layer (HTL) for effective normal perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis[N, N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), which requires heavy doping with the hydroscopic Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-ΤFSI). However, the long-term stability and performance of PCSs are frequently hampered by the residual insoluble dopants in the HTL, Li+ diffusion throughout the device, dopant by-products, and the hygroscopic nature of Li-TFSI. Due to the high cost of Spiro-OMeTAD, alternative efficient low-cost HTLs, such as octakis(4-methoxyphenyl)spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene]-2,2',7,7'-tetraamine) (X60), have attracted attention. However, they require doping with Li-TFSI, and the devices develop the same Li-TFSI-derived problems. Here, we propose Li-free 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMIM-TFSI) as an efficient p-type dopant of X60, resulting in a high-quality HTL with enhanced conductivity and deeper energy levels The optimized X60:EMIM-TFSI-enabled devices exhibit a higher efficiency of 21.85% and improved stability, compared to the Li-TFSI-doped X60 devices. The stability of the optimized EMIM-TFSI-doped PSCs is greatly improved, and after 1200 hr of storage under ambient conditions, the resulting PSCs maintain 85% of the initial PCE. These findings offer a fresh method for doping the cost effective X60 as the HTL with a Li-free alternative dopant for efficient, cheaper, and reliable planar PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tzoganakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsikritzis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Emerging Technologies (i-EMERGE) of HMU Research Center, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Chatzimanolis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shangai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Gaining, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Emerging Technologies (i-EMERGE) of HMU Research Center, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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16
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Li W, Cariello M, Méndez M, Cooke G, Palomares E. Self-Assembled Molecules for Hole-Selective Electrodes in Highly Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Ultralow Energy Loss. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:1239-1247. [PMID: 36817750 PMCID: PMC9930087 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Good selective contacts are necessary for solar cells that are efficient and have long-term stability. Since 1998, with the advent of solid-state dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), Spiro-OMeTAD has become the reference hole-transporting material. Yet, for efficient solar cells Spiro-OMeTAD must be partially oxidized with chemical dopants, which compromises the long-term stability of the solar cell. Alternatively, semiconductor polymers such as PTAA have been also studied, matching or improving the solar cell characteristics. However, PTAA-based devices lack long-term stability. Moreover, both Spiro-OMeTAD and PTAA are expensive materials to synthesize. Hence, approaches toward increasing the solar cell stability without compromising the device efficiency and decreasing the manufacturing cost are very desirable. In this work we have modified Spiro-OMeTAD, by an easy-to-use methodology, by introducing a carboxylic acid anchoring group (Spiro-Acid), thereby allowing the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the hole-transporting material in dopant-free p-i-n hybrid perovskite solar cells (iPSCs). The resulting device showed a champion efficiency of 18.15% with ultralow energy loss, which is the highest efficiency among Spiro-OMeTAD-based iPSCs, and a remarkable fill factor of over 82%, as well as excellent long-term illumination stability. Charge transfer and charge carrier dynamics are studied by using advanced transient techniques to understand the interfacial kinetics. Our results demonstrate that the Spiro-OMeTAD-based SAMs have a great potential in producing low-cost iPSC devices, due to lower material usage, good long-term stability, and high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007Tarragona, Spain
| | - Michele Cariello
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Maria Méndez
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007Tarragona, Spain
| | - Graeme Cooke
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Kogo A, Murakami TN. Effect of Humidity on Crystal Growth of CuSCN for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200832. [PMID: 36594411 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is one of the most robust hole-transport materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the power conversion efficiency of CuSCN-based PSCs is low due to difficulty in crystallization of CuSCN. In this study, we focused on humidity conditions during the aging process of CuSCN-based PSCs to improve their performance. PSCs aged in humid air, i. e., at a relative humidity of 70 %, exhibited better performance (efficiency; 10.6 %) than those aged in lower humidity (5.9 %) due to improved crystallinity of CuSCN layers. The results of the study provide insights into how to improve fabrication process of CuSCN-based PSCs for higher stability and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kogo
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takurou N Murakami
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
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18
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Constructing molecular bridge for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells based on P3HT. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPoly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the most attractive hole transport materials (HTMs) for the pursuit of stable, low-cost, and high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor contact and the severe recombination at P3HT/perovskite interface lead to a low power conversion efficiency (PCE). Thus, we construct a molecular bridge, 2-((7-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)−10-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl)−10H-phenoxazin-3-yl)methylene)malononitrile (MDN), whose malononitrile group can anchor the perovskite surface while the triphenylamine group can form π−π stacking with P3HT, to form a charge transport channel. In addition, MDN is also found effectively passivate the defects and reduce the recombination to a large extent. Finally, a PCE of 22.87% has been achieved with MDN-doped P3HT (M-P3HT) as HTM, much higher than the efficiency of PSCs with pristine P3HT. Furthermore, MDN gives the un-encapsulated device enhanced long-term stability that 92% of its initial efficiency maintain even after two months of aging at 75% relative humidity (RH) follow by one month of aging at 85% RH in the atmosphere, and the PCE does not change after operating at the maximum power point (MPP) under 1 sun illumination (~45 oC in N2) over 500 hours.
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Yao Y, Cheng C, Zhang C, Hu H, Wang K, De Wolf S. Organic Hole-Transport Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203794. [PMID: 35771986 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hole-transporting layers (HTLs) are an essential component in inverted, p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) where they play a decisive role in extraction and transport of holes, surface passivation, perovskite crystallization, device stability, and cost. Currently, the exploration of efficient, stable, highly transparent and low-cost HTLs is of vital importance for propelling p-i-n PSCs toward commercialization. Compared to their inorganic counterparts, organic HTLs offer multiple advantages such as a tunable bandgap and energy level, easy synthesis and purification, solution processability, and overall low cost. Here, recent progress of organic HTLs, including conductive polymers, small molecules, and self-assembled monolayers, as utilized in inverted PSCs is systematically reviewed and summarized. Their molecular structure, hole-transport properties, energy levels, and relevant device properties and resulting performances are presented and analyzed. A summary of design principles and a future outlook toward highly efficient organic HTLs in inverted PSCs is proposed. This review aims to inspire further innovative development of novel organic HTLs for more efficient, stable, and scalable inverted PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguo Yao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Caidong Cheng
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, and KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Shen Y, Deng K, Li L. Spiro-OMeTAD-Based Hole Transport Layer Engineering toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200757. [PMID: 36202752 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented growth in the past decade as an emerging photovoltaic technology. Up till now, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 25% that rivals silicon solar cells and there is still room for further enhancement. However, the development in long-term stability lags far behind, which remains a great concern for the commercial application in the future. The device instability mainly arises from the functional components, including perovskite film, charge transport layers, and electrodes along with the involved interfaces. As the most widely studied hole transport layer at the current stage, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) helps contribute to the achievement of record efficiency but it weakens the device stability due to the doping-induced side effects such as hygroscopicity and ion migration. Great efforts are devoted to boosting the stability of Spiro-OMeTAD while maintaining excellent photovoltaic performance. In this review, the fundamental properties of Spiro-OMeTAD have been summarized and the recent advances in engineering Spiro-OMeTAD-based hole transport layer for the sake of highly efficient PSCs with enhanced longevity are highlighted. In the end, an outlook for the further optimization of Spiro-OMeTAD is provided and the issues related to large-scale production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Kaimo Deng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Ren G, Han W, Zhang Q, Li Z, Deng Y, Liu C, Guo W. Overcoming Perovskite Corrosion and De-Doping Through Chemical Binding of Halogen Bonds Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:175. [PMID: 35999406 PMCID: PMC9399337 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) is an indispensable additive for the hole transport layer in highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs), while it can induce corrosion decomposition of perovskites and de-doping effect of spiro-OMeTAD, which present huge challenge for the stability of PSCs. Herein, halogen bonds provided by 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,4-DITFB) are employed to bond with TBP, simultaneously preventing perovskite decomposition and eliminating de-doping effect of oxidized spiro-OMeTAD. Various characterizations have proved strong chemical interaction forms between 1,4-DITFB and TBP. With the incorporation of halogen bonds, perovskite film can maintain initial morphology, crystal structure, and light absorbance; meanwhile, the spiro-OMeTAD film shows a relatively stable conductivity with good charge transport property. Accordingly, the device with TBP complex exhibits significantly enhanced stability in N2 atmosphere or humidity environment. Furthermore, a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.03% is obtained since perovskite is no longer damaged by TBP during device preparation. This strategy overcomes the shortcomings of TBP in n-i-p PSCs community and enhances the application potential of spiro-OMeTAD in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Ouedraogo NAN, Odunmbaku GO, Guo B, Chen S, Lin X, Shumilova T, Sun K. Oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD in High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34303-34327. [PMID: 35852808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), as an organic small molecule material, is the most commonly employed hole transport material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its excellent properties that result in high photovoltaic performances. However, the material still suffers from low conductivity, leading to the necessary use of dopants and oxidative processes to overcome this issue. The spiro-OMeTAD oxidation process is highlighted in this review, and the main parameters involved in the process have been studied. Furthermore, the best alternatives aiming to improve the spiro-OMeTAD electrical properties have been discussed. Lastly, this review concludes with suggestions and outlooks for further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabonswende Aida Nadege Ouedraogo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - George Omololu Odunmbaku
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bing Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaoxue Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tatyana Shumilova
- Institute of Geology, FRC Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Novel heterologous binary redox mediator based on an ionic liquid and cobalt complex for efficient organic-solvent-free dye-sensitized solar cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Zhang T, Wang F, Kim HB, Choi IW, Wang C, Cho E, Konefal R, Puttisong Y, Terado K, Kobera L, Chen M, Yang M, Bai S, Yang B, Suo J, Yang SC, Liu X, Fu F, Yoshida H, Chen WM, Brus J, Coropceanu V, Hagfeldt A, Brédas JL, Fahlman M, Kim DS, Hu Z, Gao F. Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Science 2022; 377:495-501. [PMID: 35901165 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been obtained with the organic hole transporter 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Conventional doping of spiro-OMeTAD with hygroscopic lithium salts and volatile 4-tert-butylpyridine is a time-consuming process and also leads to poor device stability. We developed a new doping strategy for spiro-OMeTAD that avoids post-oxidation by using stable organic radicals as the dopant and ionic salts as the doping modulator (referred to as ion-modulated radical doping). We achieved PCEs of >25% and much-improved device stability under harsh conditions. The radicals provide hole polarons that instantly increase the conductivity and work function (WF), and ionic salts further modulate the WF by affecting the energetics of the hole polarons. This organic semiconductor doping strategy, which decouples conductivity and WF tunability, could inspire further optimization in other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hak-Beom Kim
- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Woo Choi
- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuanfei Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eunkyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rafal Konefal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yuttapoom Puttisong
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kosuke Terado
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Libor Kobera
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mengyun Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sai Bai
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bowen Yang
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiajia Suo
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shih-Chi Yang
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Fan Fu
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Weimin M Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jiri Brus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dong Suk Kim
- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhangjun Hu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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Cheng F, Cao F, Ru Fan F, Wu B. Promotion Strategies of Hole Transport Materials by Electronic and Steric Controls for n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200340. [PMID: 35377527 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a requisite role in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The properties of HTMs, such as hole extraction efficiency, chemical compatibility, film morphology, ion migration barrier, and so on, significantly affect PSCs' power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stabilities. Up till now, researchers have devoted much attention to developing new types of HTMs as well as promoting pristine HTMs using numerous strategies. In this Review, we summarize the design strategies of various common HTMs for n-i-p PSCs are comprehensively discussed from two separate aspects (additive and non-additive engineering). Additive engineering generally tunes electronic properties of HTMs while non-additive engineering basically modifies their steric structures. Critical analysis and comparison between these design strategies are provided, considering the overall PCEs and stabilities of PSCs. Finally, a brief perspective on future promising design strategies for HTMs is given, in order to fabricate efficient and stable n-i-p devices for the commercialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ru Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Binghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Shen Y, Deng K, Chen Q, Gao G, Li L. Crowning Lithium Ions in Hole-Transport Layer toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200978. [PMID: 35388930 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) to that of silicon photovoltaic devices. However, the device stability remains a major obstacle that restricts widespread application. Doping-induced hygroscopicity, ion diffusion, and use of polar solvents in the hole-transport layer are detrimental factors for performance degradation of PSCs. Here, phase-transfer-catalyzed LiTFSI doping in Spiro-OMeTAD is developed to address these negative impacts. 12-Crown-4 as an efficient phase-transfer catalyst promotes the dissolution of LiTFSI without requiring acetonitrile. A combined experimental and theoretical study demonstrates the host-guest interaction between Li+ ions and 12-crown-4. Crowning Li+ ions by forming more stable and less diffusive crown-ether-Li+ complexes retards the generation of hygroscopic lithium oxides and mitigates Li+ -ion migration. Optimized PSCs deliver enhanced PCE and significantly improved stability under humid and thermal conditions compared with a control device. This method can also be applied to dope π-conjugated polymer. The findings provide a facile avenue to improve the long-term stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Kaimo Deng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Gui Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
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Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with a Solid-State Redox Mediator Based on an Ionic Liquid and Hole-Transporting Triphenylamine Compound. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15082765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (MPII), was solidified with an organic hole-transporting material, 4,4′,4″-tris[(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), and the resulting solid-state redox mediator (RM) (m-MTDATA-solidified MPII) was employed in solar devices to realize solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (sDSSCs). Solar devices with only MPII or m-MTDATA as an RM showed almost 0 mA/cm2 of short-circuit current (Jsc) and thus 0% power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, an sDSSC with the m-MTDATA-solidified MPII exhibited 4.61 mA/cm2 of Jsc and 1.80% PCE. It was found that the increased Jsc and PCE were due to the formation of I3−, which resulted from a reaction between the iodie (I−) of MPII and m-MTDATA cation. Further enhancement in both Jsc (9.43 mA/cm2) and PCE (4.20%) was observed in an sDSSC with 4-tert butylpyridine (TBP) as well as with m-MTDATA-solidified MPII. We attributed the significant increase (about 230%) in PCE to the lowered diffusion resistance of I−/I3− ions in the solid-state RM composed of the m-MTDATA-solidified MPII and TBP, arising from TBP’s role as a plasticizer.
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Mohamad Noh MF, Arzaee NA, Nawas Mumthas IN, Aadenan A, Alessa H, Alghamdi MN, Moria H, Mohamed NA, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Mat Teridi MA. Facile tuning of PbI2 porosity via additive engineering for humid air processable perovskite solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Xiang W, Liu S(F, Tress W. Interfaces and Interfacial Layers in Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science &Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science &Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Wolfgang Tress
- Institute of Computational Physics Zurich University of Applied Sciences Wildbachstr. 21 8401 Winterthur Switzerland
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Klipfel N, Kanda H, Sutanto AA, Mensi M, Igci C, Leifer K, Brooks K, Kinge S, Roldán-Carmona C, Momblona C, Dyson PJ, Nazeeruddin MK. Mechanistic Insights into the Role of the Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Ion in Coevaporated p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52450-52460. [PMID: 34704729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid lead halide perovskites have reached comparable efficiencies to state-of-the-art silicon solar cell technologies. However, a remaining key challenge toward commercialization is the resolution of the perovskite device instability. In this work, we identify for the first time the mobile nature of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), a typical anion extensively employed in p-type dopants for 2,2'7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'spirofluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). We demonstrate that TFSI- can migrate through the perovskite layer via the grain boundaries and accumulate at the perovskite/electron-transporting layer (ETL) interface. Our findings reveal that the migration of TFSI- enhances the device performance and stability, resulting in highly stable p-i-n cells that retain 90% of their initial performance after 1600 h of continuous testing. Our systematic study, which targeted the effect of the nature of the dopant and its concentration, also shows that TFSI- acts as a dynamic defect-healing agent, which self-passivates the perovskite crystal defects during the migration process and thereby decreases nonradiative recombination pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Klipfel
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Albertus Adrian Sutanto
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Mounir Mensi
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Cansu Igci
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Leifer
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Keith Brooks
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Sachin Kinge
- Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Motor Technical Centre, Advanced Technology Division, Hoge Wei 33, B-1930 Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Cristina Roldán-Carmona
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Momblona
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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Song W, Rakocevic L, Thiruvallur Eachambadi R, Qiu W, Bastos JP, Gehlhaar R, Kuang Y, Hadipour A, Aernouts T, Poortmans J. Improving the Morphology Stability of Spiro-OMeTAD Films for Enhanced Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44294-44301. [PMID: 34498844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To guarantee a long lifetime of perovskite-based photovoltaics, the selected materials need to survive relatively high-temperature stress during the solar cell operation. Highly efficient n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) often degrade at high operational temperatures due to morphological instability of the hole transport material 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD). We discovered that the detrimental large-domain spiro-OMeTAD crystallization is caused by the simultaneous presence of tert-butylpyridine (tBP) additive and gold (Au) as a capping layer. Based on this discovery and our understanding, we demonstrated facile strategies that successfully stabilize the amorphous phase of spiro-OMeTAD film. As a result, the thermal stability of n-i-p PSCs is largely improved. After the spiro-OMeTAD films in the PSCs were stressed for 1032 h at 85 °C in the dark in nitrogen environment, reference PSCs retained only 22% of their initial average power conversion efficiency (PCE), while the best target PSCs retained 85% relative average PCE. Our work suggests facile ways to realize efficient and thermally stable spiro-OMeTAD containing n-i-p PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Song
- imec-Partner in Solliance and Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lucija Rakocevic
- imec-Partner in Solliance and Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Weiming Qiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Yinghuan Kuang
- imec-Partner in Solliance and Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Afshin Hadipour
- imec-Partner in Solliance and Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Tom Aernouts
- imec-Partner in Solliance and Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Jef Poortmans
- imec-Partner in Solliance and Energyville, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), UHasselt, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Xiang W, Liu SF, Tress W. Interfaces and Interfacial Layers in Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26440-26453. [PMID: 34478217 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their superior thermal stability, metal halide inorganic perovskite materials continue to attract interest for photovoltaics applications. The highest reported power conversion efficiency (PCE) for solar cells based on inorganic perovskites is over 20 %. As this PCE corresponds to 73 % of the theoretical limit, there remains more room for further improving the device PCEs than for improving organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The main loss is in the photovoltage, which is limited by interfaces in terms of non-radiative recombination caused by traps and energy-level mismatch. Furthermore, inefficient charge extraction at interfacial contacts reduces the photocurrent and fill factor. This Minireview summarizes the recent developments in the fundamental understanding of how the interfaces and interfacial layers influence the performance of solar cells based on inorganic perovskite absorbers. An outlook for the development of highly efficient and stable inorganic PSCs from the interface point of view is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science &Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science &Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wolfgang Tress
- Institute of Computational Physics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wildbachstr. 21, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Chen J, Park NG. Nonhalide Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100311. [PMID: 34927923 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed great advancements in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. Over the past several years, various nonhalide materials have been extensively developed to enhance both PCE and stability by including them in perovskite compositions, perovskite precursor materials, additives, post-treatment reagents, dopants for charge transport materials (CTMs), CTMs, and interfacial modifiers. In this review, various nonhalide materials reported for PSCs are described and the dependence of the photovoltaic performance on anions (or in part cations) in nonhalide materials is investigated. This review highlights the importance of synergistic and rational engineering of anions and cations of the nonhalide materials in order to maximize both PCE and stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
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Niu T, Xue Q, Yip HL. Molecularly Engineered Interfaces in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4882-4901. [PMID: 34006104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation thin-film photovoltaic technology owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties and cost-effectiveness. To gain the full potential of device performance, an in-depth understanding of the surface/interface science is an urgent need. Here, we present a review of molecularly engineered studies on interface modifications of PSCs. We elaborate a systematic classification of the existing optimization techniques employed in molecularly engineered perovskite and interface materials and analyze the insights underlying the reliability issues and functional behaviors. The achievements allow us to highlight the crucial strengths of molecular design for further tailoring of the interfacial properties, mitigating the nonradiative losses, optimizing the device performance, and retarding the degradation process of PSCs. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential development directions of molecularly engineered interfaces for high-performance and stable PSCs are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qifan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Innovation Center of Printed Photovoltaics, South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, 523808 Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Innovation Center of Printed Photovoltaics, South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, 523808 Dongguan, P.R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Zhang Z, Liang L, Deng L, Ren L, Zhao N, Huang J, Yu Y, Gao P. Fused Dithienopicenocarbazole Enabling High Mobility Dopant-Free Hole-Transporting Polymers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6688-6698. [PMID: 33513011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a critical component in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hole-transporting materials (HTMs) have been extensively explored. To develop efficient dopant-free HTMs for PSCs, a decent hole mobility (>10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1) is critically essential, which is, however, seldom reported. In this work, we introduce two novel donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated polymers (PDTPC-1 and PDTPC-2) with narrow bandgap unit, i.e., fused dithienopicenocarbazole (DTPC), as the donor building block and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole derivatives as the acceptors. The highly planar and strong electron-donating DTPC endows the polymers with superior hole mobility up to ∼4 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1. Because of the better energy alignment with perovskite and excellent film-forming property, PSCs with PDTPC-1 as HTM show an appreciably enhanced PCE of ∼17% in dopant-free PSCs along with improved device stability as opposed to PDTPC-2. Our work revealed for the first time that the introduction of narrow bandgap DTPC in D-A polymers could achieve remarkably high hole mobility in the pristine form, favoring the application in dopant-free PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lusheng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Longhui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Lu Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, 361021 Xiamen, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, 361021 Xiamen, China
| | - Yaming Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, 361021 Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
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Wu S, Li Z, Li MQ, Diao Y, Lin F, Liu T, Zhang J, Tieu P, Gao W, Qi F, Pan X, Xu Z, Zhu Z, Jen AKY. 2D metal-organic framework for stable perovskite solar cells with minimized lead leakage. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:934-940. [PMID: 32958933 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the notable progress in perovskite solar cells, maintaining long-term operational stability and minimizing potentially leaked lead (Pb2+) ions are two challenges that are yet to be resolved. Here we address these issues using a thiol-functionalized 2D conjugated metal-organic framework as an electron-extraction layer at the perovskite/cathode interface. The resultant devices exhibit high power conversion efficiency (22.02%) along with a substantially improved long-term operational stability. The perovskite solar cell modified with a metal-organic framework could retain more than 90% of its initial efficiency under accelerated testing conditions, that is continuous light irradiation at maximum power point tracking for 1,000 h at 85 °C. More importantly, the functionalized metal-organic framework could capture most of the Pb2+ leaked from the degraded perovskite solar cells by forming water-insoluble solids. Therefore, this method that simultaneously tackles the operational stability and lead contamination issues in perovskite solar cells could greatly improve the feasibility of large-scale deployment of perovskite photovoltaic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mu-Qing Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy and Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingxue Diao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Peter Tieu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wenpei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhengtao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Xie J, Yan K, Zhu H, Li G, Wang H, Zhu H, Hang P, Zhao S, Guo W, Ye D, Shao L, Guan X, Ngai T, Yu X, Xu J. Identifying the functional groups effect on passivating perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1726-1734. [PMID: 36659245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many organic molecules with various functional groups have been used to passivate the perovskite surface for improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cell (PSCs). However, the intrinsic attributes of the passivation effect based on different chemical bonds are rarely studied. Here, we comparatively investigate the passivation effect among 12 types of functional groups on para-tert-butylbenzene for PSCs and find that the open circuit voltage (VOC) tends to increase with the chemical bonding strength between perovskite and these passivation additive molecules. Particularly, the para-tert-butylbenzoic acid (tB-COOH), with the extra intermolecular hydrogen bonding, can stabilize the surface passivation of perovskite films exceptionally well through formation of a crystalline interlayer with water-insoluble property and high melting point. As a result, the tB-COOH device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.46%. More importantly, such devices, which were stored in ambient air with a relative humidity of ≃45%, can retain 88% of their initial performance after a testing period of more than 1 year (10,080 h). This work provides a case study to understand chemical bonding effects on passivation of perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangsheng Xie
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Keyou Yan
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Houyu Zhu
- College of Material Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Guixia Li
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hepeng Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pengjie Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shenghe Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wenyue Guo
- College of Material Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Daiqi Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xuegong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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Lipomi DJ, Fenning DP, Ong SP, Shah NJ, Tao AR, Zhang L. Exploring Frontiers in Research and Teaching: NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering at UC San Diego. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9203-9216. [PMID: 32806076 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Xu J, Liang L, Mai CL, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Xiong Q, Zhang Z, Deng L, Gao P. Lewis-base containing spiro type hole transporting materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells with efficiency approaching 20. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13157-13164. [PMID: 32584356 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to excellent performance and dopability, spiro-OMeTAD remains an irreplaceable hole transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In order to further improve the performance of spiro-OMeTAD based PSCs, a Lewis base can be introduced into the structure of spiro-OMeTAD wisely, which can keep the advantages of spiro-OMeTAD while incorporating the functionality of a Lewis base in passivating the surface of the perovskite. Therefore, spiro-type HTMs (spiro-CN-OMeTAD with a dicyano group and spiro-PS-OMeTAD with a thiocarbonyl group) were synthesized and confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and X-ray single-crystallographic diffraction. Spiro-CN-OMeTAD as an HTM is certified to have a suitable interfacial band alignment with the perovskite, good film quality and effective defect passivation, which facilitate the resulting device to achieve an efficiency of 19.90% with a high open-circuit voltage, low hysteresis, and improved stability. This study provides an alternative strategy for the molecular design of better HTMs in high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Xu
- College of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lusheng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chi-Lun Mai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiu Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China and Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 215600, China
| | - Longhui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China and Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Liu J, Liu W, Aydin E, Harrison GT, Isikgor FH, Yang X, Subbiah AS, De Wolf S. Lewis-Acid Doping of Triphenylamine-Based Hole Transport Materials Improves the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23874-23884. [PMID: 32412735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated in the classic n-i-p configuration generally employ triphenylamine-based hole-transport layers (HTLs) such as spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, and poly-TPD. Controllable doping of such layers has been critical to achieve increased conductivity and high device performance. To this end, LiTFSI/tBP doping and subsequent air exposure is widely utilized. However, this approach often leads to low device stability and reproducibility. Departing from this point, we introduce the Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFB) as an effective dopant, resulting in a significantly improved conductivity and lowered surface potential for triphenylamine-based HTLs. Here, we specifically investigated spiro-OMeTAD, which is the most widely used HTL for n-i-p devices, and revealed improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the PSCs. Further, we demonstrated the applicability of TPFB doping to other triphenylamine-based HTLs. Spectroscopic characterizations reveal that TPFB doping results in significantly improved charge transport and reduced recombination losses. Importantly, the TPFB-doped perovskite devices retained near 85% of the initial PCE after 1000 h of storage in the air, while the conventional LiTFSI-doped device dropped to 75%. Finally, we give insight into utilizing other similar molecular dopants such as fluorine-free triphenylborane and phosphorus-centered tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine (TPFP) by density functional theory analysis underscoring the significance of the central boron atom and fluorination in TPFB for the formation of Lewis acid-base adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenzhu Liu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Erkan Aydin
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George T Harrison
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Furkan H Isikgor
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinbo Yang
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand S Subbiah
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Wang S, Wei Q, Wang K, Zhang Z, Zhao D, Liang C, Liu T, Guo J, Su C, Li Y, Xing G. Morphology Control of Doped Spiro-MeOTAD Films for Air Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907513. [PMID: 32307895 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Doped 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD), which acts as a hole-transporting layer (HTL), endows perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with excellent performance. However, the intrinsically hygroscopic nature of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) dopants also aggravates the moisture instability of PSCs. In this work, the origins of the moisture instability of spiro-MeOTAD HTLs are explored and strategies to enhance moisture resistance are proposed. After 780 h of aging in air, 52% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be sustained by prolonging the mixing time of the precursor solution of spiro-MeOTAD to reduce accumulated LiTFSI. In contrast, only 7% of the initial PCE remains if the precursor solution is mixed briefly. By thermally annealing an HTL to evaporate residual tBP in spiro-MeOTAD, pinholes are completely eliminated and 65% of the initial PCE remains after the same aging time. In this study, the significance of the initial morphology of spiro-MeOTAD HTLs on device stability is analyzed and strategies based on physical morphology for controlling PSC moisture instability induced by HTL dopants are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center and International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoeletronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Kaiyang Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Tanghao Liu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center and International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoeletronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ying Li
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center and International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoeletronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
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42
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Li C, He R, Liang Q, Cao J, Yin J, Tang Y. 4-Tert-butylpyridine-assisted low-cost and soluble copper phthalocyanine as dopant-free hole transport layer for efficient Pb- and Sn-based perovskite solar cells. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Liu C, Cheng YB, Ge Z. Understanding of perovskite crystal growth and film formation in scalable deposition processes. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1653-1687. [PMID: 32134426 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00711c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite photovoltaics (PSCs) have attracted significant attention during the past decade. Despite the stellar rise of laboratory-scale PSC devices, which have reached a certified efficiency over 25% to date, there is still a large efficiency gap when transiting from small-area devices to large-area solar modules. Efficiency losses would inevitably arise from the great challenges of homogeneous coating of large-area high quality perovskite films. To address this problem, we provide an in-depth understanding of the perovskite nucleation and crystal growth kinetics, including the LaMer and Ostwald ripening models, which advises us that fast nucleation and slow crystallization are essential factors in forming high-quality perovskite films. Based on these cognitions, a variety of thin film engineering approaches will be introduced, including the anti-solvent, gas-assisted and solvent annealing treatments, Lewis acid-base adduct incorporation, etc., which are able to regulate the nucleation and crystallization steps. Upscaling the photovoltaic devices is the following step. We summarize the currently developed scalable deposition technologies, including spray coating, slot-die coating, doctor blading, inkjet printing and vapour-assisted deposition. These are more appealing approaches for scalable fabrication of perovskite films than the spin coating method, in terms of lower material/solution waste, more homogeneous thin film coating over a large area, and better morphological control of the film. The working principles of these techniques will be provided, which direct us that the physical properties of the precursor solutions and surface characteristics/temperature of the substrate are both dominating factors influencing the film morphology. Optimization of the perovskite crystallization and film formation process will be subsequently summarized from these aspects. Additionally, we also highlight the significance of perovskite stability, as it is the last puzzle to realize the practical applications of PSCs. Recent efforts towards improving the stability of PSC devices to environmental factors are discussed in this part. In general, this review, comprising the mechanistic analysis of perovskite film formation, thin film engineering, scalable deposition technologies and device stability, provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and opportunities in the field of PSCs, aiming to promote the future development of cost-effective up-scale fabrication of highly efficient and ultra-stable PSCs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China.
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44
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Hu M, Wu X, Tan WL, Tan B, Scully AD, Ding L, Zhou C, Xiong Y, Huang F, Simonov AN, Bach U, Cheng YB, Wang S, Lu J. Solvent Engineering of a Dopant-Free Spiro-OMeTAD Hole-Transport Layer for Centimeter-Scale Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Thermal Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8260-8270. [PMID: 31992043 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High efficiency and environmental stability are mandatory performance requirements for commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, efficient centimeter-scale PSCs with improved stability were achieved by incorporating an additive-free 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(p-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) hole-transporting material (HTM) through simply substituting the usual chlorobenzene solvent with pentachloroethane (PC). A stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.1% under simulated AM 1.5G 1 sun illumination with an aperture of 1.00 cm2 was achieved for PSCs using an additive-free spiro-OMeTAD layer cast from PC. X-ray analysis suggested that chlorine radicals from PC transfer partially to spiro-OMeTAD and are retained in the HTM layer, resulting in conductivity improvement. Moreover, unencapsulated PSCs with a centimeter-scale active area cast from PC retained >70% of their initial PCE after ageing at 80 °C for 500 h, in contrast with less than 20% retention for control devices. Morphological and X-ray analyses of the aged cells revealed that the perovskite and HTM layers remain almost unchanged in the cells with a spiro-OMeTAD layer cast from PC whereas serious degradation occurred in the control cells. This study not only reveals the decomposition mechanism of PSCs in the presence of HTM additives but also opens up a broad range of organic semiconductors for radical doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies , Wuhan Textile University , Wuhan 430200 , P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies , Wuhan Textile University , Wuhan 430200 , P. R. China
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Boer Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence for Exciton Science , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | | | - Lei Ding
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies , Wuhan Textile University , Wuhan 430200 , P. R. China
| | - Cai Zhou
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies , Wuhan Textile University , Wuhan 430200 , P. R. China
| | - Yuli Xiong
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies , Wuhan Textile University , Wuhan 430200 , P. R. China
| | - Fuzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Alexandr N Simonov
- School of Chemistry, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Udo Bach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence for Exciton Science , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Shengxiang Wang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies , Wuhan Textile University , Wuhan 430200 , P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence for Exciton Science , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures , Wuhan University of Technology , 430070 Wuhan , China
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45
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Li N, Chen Y, Duan S, Chen G, Xu Y, Tong H, Sanehira Y, Miyasaka T, Li A, Wang XF. Planar perovskite solar cells using triazatruxene-based hyperbranched conjugated polymers and small molecule as hole-transporting materials. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Liu C, Yang Y, Zhang C, Wu S, Wei L, Guo F, Arumugam GM, Hu J, Liu X, Lin J, Schropp REI, Mai Y. Tailoring C 60 for Efficient Inorganic CsPbI 2 Br Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907361. [PMID: 31944454 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising in thermal stability, their large open-circuit voltage (VOC ) deficit and difficulty in large-area preparation still limit their development toward commercialization. The present work tailors C60 via a codoping strategy to construct an efficient electron-transporting layer (ETL), leading to a significant improvement in VOC of the inverted inorganic CsPbI2 Br PSC. Specifically, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) is introduced as a dopant to lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the C60 layer by forming a Lewis acidic adduct. The enlarged free energy difference provides a favorable enhancement in electron injection and thereby reduces charge recombination. Subsequently, a nonhygroscopic lithium salt (LiClO4 ) is added to increase electron mobility and conductivity of the film, leading to a reduction in the device hysteresis and facilitating the fabrication of a large-area device. Finally, the as-optimized inorganic CsPbI2 Br PSCs gain a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.19%, with a stabilized power output (SPO) of 14.21% (0.09 cm2 ). More importantly, this work also demonstrates a record PCE of 14.44% for large-area inorganic CsPbI2 Br PSCs (1.0 cm2 ) and reports the first inorganic perovskite solar module with the excellent efficiency exceeding 12% (10.92 cm2 ) by a self-developed quasi-curved heating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuzhao Yang
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shaohang Wu
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liyu Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Gowri Manohari Arumugam
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jinlong Hu
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Ruud E I Schropp
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yaohua Mai
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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47
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Dong Y, Zhang J, Yang Y, Qiu L, Xia D, Lin K, Wang J, Fan X, Fan R. Self‐Assembly of Hybrid Oxidant POM@Cu‐BTC for Enhanced Efficiency and Long‐Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Dong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Lele Qiu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Debin Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
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48
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Dong Y, Zhang J, Yang Y, Qiu L, Xia D, Lin K, Wang J, Fan X, Fan R. Self-Assembly of Hybrid Oxidant POM@Cu-BTC for Enhanced Efficiency and Long-Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17610-17615. [PMID: 31591794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The controllable oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD and improving the stability of hole-transport materials (HTMs) layer are crucial for good performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report an efficient hybrid polyoxometalate@metal-organic framework (POM@MOF) material, [Cu2 (BTC)4/3 (H2 O)2 ]6 [H3 PMo12 O40 ]2 or POM@Cu-BTC, for the oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD with Li-TFSI and TBP. When POM@Cu-BTC is introduced to the HTM layer as a dopant, the PSCs achieve a superior fill factor of 0.80 and enhanced power conversion efficiency 21.44 %, as well as improved long-term stability in an ambient atmosphere without encapsulation. The enhanced performance is attributed to the oxidation activity of POM anions and solid-state nanoparticles. Therefore, this research presents a facile way by using hybrid porous materials to accelerate oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, further improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Dong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lele Qiu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Debin Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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49
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Xiao Q, Tian J, Xue Q, Wang J, Xiong B, Han M, Li Z, Zhu Z, Yip HL, Li Z. Dopant-Free Squaraine-Based Polymeric Hole-Transporting Materials with Comprehensive Passivation Effects for Efficient All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17724-17730. [PMID: 31560144 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Development of high-performance dopant-free hole-transporting materials (HTMs) with comprehensive passivation effects is highly desirable for all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Squaraines (SQs) could be a candidate for dopant-free HTMs as they are natural passivators for perovskites. One major limitation of SQs is their relatively low hole mobility. Herein we demonstrate that polymerizing SQs into pseudo two dimensional (2D) p-π conjugated polymers could overcome this problem. By rationally using N,N-diarylanilinosquaraines as the comonomers, the resulting polysquaraine HTMs not only exhibit suitable energy levels and efficient passivation effects, but also achieve very high hole mobility close to 0.01 cm-2 V-1 s-1 . Thus as dopant-free HTMs for α-CsPbI2 Br-based all-inorganic PVSCs, the best PCE reached is 15.5 %, outperforming those of the doped-Spiro-OMeTAD (14.4 %) based control devices and among the best for all-inorganic PVSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qifan Xue
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Bijin Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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50
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Xiao Q, Tian J, Xue Q, Wang J, Xiong B, Han M, Li Z, Zhu Z, Yip H, Li Z. Dopant‐Free Squaraine‐Based Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Materials with Comprehensive Passivation Effects for Efficient All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and StorageMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Qifan Xue
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Bijin Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and StorageMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Department of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Hin‐Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and StorageMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
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