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Jiang M, Wang R, Deng Z, Xu G, Shangguan Q, Sun L, Zhang L, Yang X. Enhanced Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Controlled Co-Adsorption Self-Assembly of Dyes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:51265-51273. [PMID: 39259042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Single dyes typically exhibit limited light absorption in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Thus, cosensitization using two or more dyes to enhance light-harvesting efficiency has been explored; however, the aggregation of dyes can adversely affect electron injection capabilities. This study focused on the design and synthesis of three dyes with a common carbazole donor for DSSCs: DZ102, TZ101, and JM102. JM102 broadens the absorption spectrum by replacing the benzoic acid electron acceptor of TZ101 with acetylenic benzoic acid. A cosensitized DSSC device based on CO-1 [DZ102:TZ101 = 1:1 (50 μM:50 μM)] achieved a short-circuit current density of 19.4 mA/cm2 and a power conversion efficiency of 10.9%. For the first time, the molecular interactions between the dyes in the photoanode were demonstrated using cyclic voltammetry, which revealed the presence of intermolecular forces. Adsorption kinetics further indicated that these forces promoted the self-assembly of dyes during adsorption, which resulted in a cosensitization adsorption amount greater than the sum of the individual dye adsorptions. This study provides novel insights into the selection of cosensitizing dyes for DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jiang
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zijian Deng
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gongchen Xu
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qing Shangguan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xichuan Yang
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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2
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Mai S, Zhang W, Mu X, Cao J. Structural Decoration of Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine Photovoltaic Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400217. [PMID: 38494448 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin/phthalocyanine compounds with fascinating molecular structures have attracted widespread attention in the field of solar cells in recent years. In this review, we focus on the pivotal role of porphyrin and phthalocyanine compounds in enhancing the efficiency of solar cells. The review seamlessly integrates the intricate molecular structures of porphyrins and phthalocyanines with their proficiency in absorbing visible light and facilitating electron transfer, key processes in converting sunlight into electricity. By delving into the nuances of intramolecular regulation, aggregated states, and surface/interface structure manipulation, it elucidates how various levels of molecular modifications enhance solar cell efficiency through improved charge transfer, stability, and overall performance. This comprehensive exploration provides a detailed understanding of the complex relationship between molecular design and solar cell performance, discussing current advancements and potential future applications of these molecules in solar energy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weilun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xijiao Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Badawy SA, Abdel-Latif E, Mohamed WH, Elmorsy MR. Unleashing synergistic co-sensitization of BOA dyes and Ru(ii) complexes for dye-sensitized solar cells: achieving remarkable efficiency exceeding 10% through comprehensive characterization, advanced modeling, and performance analysis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25549-25560. [PMID: 39144375 PMCID: PMC11322857 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative for renewable energy conversion. The synthesis and characterization of the 2-acetonitrile-benzoxazole (BOA) sensitizer MSW-1-4 are presented along with their chemical structures. Four new organic dyes, MSW-1 through MSW-4, were synthesized using BOA as the main building block, with different additional donor groups. The dyes were characterized and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied. Computational modeling using density functional theory (DFT) was performed to investigate their potential as sensitizers/co-sensitizers for photovoltaic applications. The modeling showed a distinct charge separation between the donor and acceptor parts of the molecules. For dye-sensitized solar cells, MSW-4 performed the best out of MSW-1-3 and was also better than the reference dye D-5. Moreover, MSW-3 was co-sensitized along with a typical highly efficient bipyridyl Ru(ii) sensitizer, N719, reference dye D-5, and metal-free dye MSW-4, to induce light harvesting over the expanded spectral region and hence improve the efficiency. Co-sensitizer (MSW-3 + N719) showed an improved efficiency of 10.20%. This outperformed a solar cell that used only N719 as the sensitizer, which had an efficiency of 7.50%. The appropriate combined dye loading of MSW-3 + N719 enabled good light harvesting and maximized the photoexcitation. The synergistic effect of using both MSW-3 and N719 as co-sensitizers led to enhanced solar cell performance compared with using N719 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa A Badawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Ehab Abdel-Latif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Walid H Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elmorsy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University New Mansoura 35712 Egypt
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4
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Singh A, Nath M. Cascade Radical Pathway-Enabled Nitrogen-Sulfur Coupling: Access to Isothiazolo[3,4- b]- meso-tetraarylporphyrins. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8610-8619. [PMID: 38819088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A catalyst-free radical-mediated domino strategy for the construction of isothiazolo[3,4-b]-meso-tetraarylporphyrins was developed. During the course of the reaction, 2-benzothioylamino-3-thioformyl-meso-tetraarylporphyrins generated in situ after the addition of Lawesson's reagent to a solution of 2-benzoylamino-3-formyl-meso-tetraarylporphyrins in refluxing toluene underwent a homolytic cleavage to produce nitrogen-sulfur radicals. Subsequently, the formation of a new N-S bond through an intramolecular cascade radical coupling provided direct access to novel β-isothiazole-fused porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Mahendra Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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Han WK, Liu X, Zhu RM, Fu JX, Liu Y, Zhang J, Pang H, Gu ZG. Panchromatic Light-Harvesting Three-Dimensional Metal Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting Photocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38691148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Constructing artificial photocatalysts with panchromatic solar energy utilization remains an appealing challenge. Herein, two complementary photosensitizers, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and porphyrin dyes, have been cosensitized in metal covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), resulting in the MCOFs with strong light absorption covering the full visible spectrum. Under panchromatic light irradiation, the cosensitized MCOFs exhibited remarkable photocatalytic H2 evolution with an optimum rate of up to 33.02 mmol g-1 h-1. Even when exposed to deep-red light (λ = 700 ± 10 nm), a commendable H2 production (0.79 mmol g-1 h-1) was still obtained. Theoretical calculation demonstrated that the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and porphyrin modules in our MCOFs have a synergistic effect to trigger an interesting dual-channel photosensitization pathway for efficient light-harvesting and energy conversion. This work highlights the potential of combining multiple PSs in MCOFs for panchromatic photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Kang Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruo-Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jia-Xing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Huang S, Li Q, Li S, Li C, Tan H, Xie Y. Recent advances in the approaches for improving the photovoltaic performance of porphyrin-based DSSCs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4521-4536. [PMID: 38592027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Among other photovoltaic techniques including perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are considered to be a potential alternative to conventional silicon solar cells. Porphyrins are promising dyes with the properties of easy modification and superior light-harvesting capability. However, porphyrin dyes still suffer from a number of unfavorable aspects, which need to be addressed in order to improve the photovoltaic performance. This feature article briefly summarizes the recent progress in improving the Voc and Jsc of porphyrin-based DSSCs in terms of molecular engineering by modifying the porphyrin macrocycle, donor and acceptor moieties of the porphyrin dyes, coadsorption of the porphrin dyes with bulky coadsorbents like chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and cosensitization of the porphyrin dyes with metal-free organic dyes. Notably, concerted companion (CC) dyes are described in detail, which have been constructed by linking a porphyrin dye subunit and a metal-free organic dye subunit with flexible alkoxy chains to achieve panchromatic absorption and concerted enhancement of Voc and Jsc. In one sentence, this article is expected to provide further insights into the development of high performance DSSCs through the design and syntheses of efficient porphyrin dyes and CC dyes in combination with device optimization to achieve simultaneously elevated Voc and Jsc, which may inspire and promote further progress in the commercialization of the DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haijun Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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7
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Kushwaha A, Srivastava D, Prakash O, Kociok-Köhn G, Gosavi SW, Chauhan R, Muddassir M, Kumar A. 1,1'-Bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene appended d 8- and d 10-configuration based thiosquarates: the molecular and electronic configurational insights into their sensitization and co-sensitization properties for dye sensitized solar cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6818-6829. [PMID: 38546210 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Three new d8- and d10-configuration based 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) appended thiosquarates complexes with general composition [M(mtsq)2dppf] (M = Ni2+ (NiL2); Zn2+ (ZnL2) and Cd2+ (CdL2)) (mtsq = 3-ethoxycyclobutenedione-4-thiolate) have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically as well as in case of NiL2 by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The single crystal X-ray analysis reveals square planar geometry around Ni(II) in NiL2, where Ni(II) coordinates with two sulfur centres of two mtsq ligands in monodentate fashion and two phosphorus of a dppf ligand in chelating mode. The supramolecular architecture of NiL2 is sustained by intermolecular C-H⋯O interactions to form one-dimensional chain. Further, the application of these newly synthesized complexes as sensitizers and co-sensitizers/co-absorbents with ruthenium based N719 sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been explored. The DSSC set-up based on NiL2 offers best photovoltaic performance with photovoltaic efficiency (η) 5.12%, short-circuit current (Jsc) 11.60 mA cm-2, open circuit potential (Voc) 0.690 V and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) 63%. In co-sensitized DSSC set-up, ZnL2 along with state-of-the-art N719 dye displays best photovoltaic performance with η 6.65%, Jsc 14.47 mA cm-2, Voc 0.729 V and IPCE 69%, thereby showing an improvement by 15.25% in photovoltaic efficiency in comparison to the photovoltaic efficiency of N719 sensitized DSSC set-up. Variation in co-sensitization behaviour have been ascribed to the differences in the excited state energy level of co-sensitizers. The ZnL2 and CdL2 have a higher energy level position than N719 dye, allowing efficient electron transfer to N719 during light irradiation, while excited state of NiL2 is lower than N719 dye, preventing photoexcited electron transfer to N719, resulting in its lowest overall efficiency among the three co-sensitized DSSC setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Devyani Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Suresh W Gosavi
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India
| | - Ratna Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India.
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
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Deshmukh SS, Maibam A, Krishnamurty S, Krishnamoorthy K, Nithyanandhan J. Visible-Light-Active Unsymmetrical Squaraine Dyes with Pyridyl Anchoring Groups for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:251-263. [PMID: 38115198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-active alkyl group-wrapped unsymmetrical squaraine dyes SD1-SD3 were synthesized, featuring an indoline donor and pyridine and carboxylic acid anchoring groups. Their photophysical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic characteristics were examined by fabricating a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device. Both carboxylic acid and pyridine anchoring groups containing squaraine dyes SD3 and SD2 possess similar photophysical and electrochemical characteristics. However, their photovoltaic performances were completely different. The SD3 dye with the carboxylic acid anchoring group displayed a DSSC device efficiency of 7.20% (VOC 0.81 V; JSC 12.29 mA/cm2) using iodolyte (I-/I3-) electrolyte, compared to SD1 (VOC 0.659 V; JSC 4.97 mA/cm2; and η - 2.34%) and SD2 (VOC 0.629 V; JSC 1.68 mA/cm2; and η - 0.84%), which were featured with pyridyl anchoring groups. These results were attributed to dye loading on the Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites of TiO2 and the importance of aggregated structures for photocurrent generation. In the incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) analysis, SD1 dye-sensitized devices exhibited photocurrent generation from both monomeric and aggregated dyes on the TiO2 surface. In contrast, SD2 showed photocurrent generation solely from aggregated states. Despite the introduction of long alkyl chains to reduce dye aggregation and charge recombination, the results indicated preferential charge injection from only the aggregated SD2 dye on TiO2. Fluorescence-quenching experiments indicated an efficient charge transfer from the aggregated SD2 dye to TiO2 compared to that of the monomeric dye. Cosensitization, a method to enhance the light-harvesting efficiency and photocurrent generation in DSSCs, was explored by simultaneously cosensitizing pyridyl-based dyes (SD1 and SD2) with a blue-colored carboxylic acid-based squaraine dye SD4. IPCE analysis demonstrated that both SD1 and SD4 contributed to generating a photocurrent of 9.11 mA/cm2. The sequential cosensitization of SD1 and SD4 with the coadsorbent CDCA showed the highest performance, with a VOC of 0.663 V, a JSC of 11.43 mA/cm2, and an efficiency (η) of 5.20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivdeep Suresh Deshmukh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashakiran Maibam
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sailaja Krishnamurty
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kothandam Krishnamoorthy
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jayaraj Nithyanandhan
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Wang X, Hu C, Liu D, Yan J, Li F, Su P, Zheng K, Zhang N. A novel central seven-membered BOPYOs: Synthesis, optical properities and optimization of BF 2 removal. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123401. [PMID: 37738761 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to enrich the variety of BF2 complexes because of their excellent optical properties. However, the investigation on seven-membered ring N, O-chelated BF2 complexes is rare due to their instability with the removal of BF2 unit. Herein, a novel seven-membered ring N, O-chelated BF2 complexes (BOPYOs) with dual-state emission has been synthesized via a facile method. The results of optical properties showed that the fluorescence quantum yield of BOPYO-2 with donor group on 1 and 2-position of 1-indanone unit is much higher than that of BOPYO-1, 3-5 in toluene. The emission spectra of BOPYO-6 or 7 have redshift phenomenon compared with BOPYO-1-5 with weak fluorescence intensity due to their highly distorted structure or intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect. BOPYOs show relatively moderate solid emission from orange to deep red color with 596 nm to 686 nm. On the contrary, fluorescence quantum yield of BOPYO-2 in solid is the lowest. The optical properties in solution and solid states are further supported by the single-crystal structure and DFT calculation. Furthermore, the investigation on optimization of BF2 removal shows that the corresponding precursors of BOPYOs could be obtained in protic solvents without adding other catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Cong Hu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Debo Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Jiaying Yan
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China; Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, PR China.
| | - Fei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, PR China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China; Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, PR China.
| | - Nuonuo Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China; Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, PR China.
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10
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Sekaran B, Guragain M, Misra R, D'Souza F. β-Pyrrole Functionalized Push or Pull Porphyrins: Excited Charge Transfer Promoted Singlet Oxygen Generation. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7964-7975. [PMID: 37707534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) producing photosensitizers are highly sought for developing new photodynamic therapy agents and facilitating 1O2-involved chemical reactions. Often singlet oxygen is produced by the reaction of triplet-excited photosensitizers with dioxygen via an energy transfer mechanism. In the present study, we demonstrate a charge transfer mechanism to produce singlet oxygen involving push or pull functionalized porphyrins. For this, 20 β-pyrrole functionalized porphyrins carrying either an electron-rich push or electron-deficient pull group have been newly synthesized. Photoexcitation of these push-pull porphyrins has been shown to produce high-energy MPδ+-Aδ- or MPδ--Dδ+ charge transfer states. Subsequent charge recombination results in populating the triplet excited states of extended lifetimes in the case of the push group containing porphyrins that eventually react with dioxygen to produce the reactive singlet oxygen of relatively higher quantum yields. The effect of the push and pull groups on the porphyrin periphery in governing initial charge transfer, the population of triplet excited states and their lifetimes, and resulting in improved singlet oxygen quantum yields are systematically probed. The improved performance of 1O2 generation by porphyrins carrying push groups is borne out from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijesh Sekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Manan Guragain
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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Zhou H, Lee HJ, Masud, Aftabuzzaman M, Kang SH, Kim CH, Kim HM, Kim HK. Synergistic Effect of Size-Tailored Structural Engineering and Postinterface Modification for Highly Efficient and Stable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43835-43844. [PMID: 37695216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in device performance, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) continue to fall short of their theoretical potential. Moreover, research in recent years needs to pay more attention to improving the device fabrication process. To achieve the theoretical efficiency limit, it is crucial to optimize the interface between the dye and TiO2 nanoparticles in the entire device stack. Our study indicates that optimizing the structure or size of the coadsorbents and implementing a monolayer adsorption process can be an effective strategy to reduce charge recombination and enhance light-harvesting properties. Our research aims to develop a surface-coating adsorbent plan that controls the TiO2 nanoparticle interface to achieve the radiative limit of power conversion efficiency (PCE). Specifically, we utilized 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (THCA) or chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as postinterfacial surface-coating adsorbents. Our results demonstrate that this approach effectively achieves the desired PCE limit. Combined with the coadsorbent structure engineering and interface optimization, the device increased the packing area on the TiO2 nanoparticles' surface, reaching an improved PCE of over 13.17% under simulated sunlight (1.5G), which is the highest efficiency of a porphyrin single dye-based DSSC. In particular, this practical approach was also applied to a large-area DSSC with an area of 3 cm2, yielding a remarkable PCE of 9.04%. Furthermore, when applied to a polymer gel electrolyte, this novel approach recorded the highest PCE of 11.16% with a long-term operational stability of up to 1000 h for the quasi-solid-state DSSCs. Our research findings provide a promising avenue for achieving high-performance DSSCs with ease of access and demonstrate practical applications as alternatives to conventional power sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhou
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory (REML), Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Masud
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Mohammad Aftabuzzaman
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Kang
- Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory (REML), Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Hyung Mun Kim
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Hwan Kyu Kim
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
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12
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Luo J, Lu Q, Li Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Wu X, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient Solar Cells Based on Porphyrin and Concerted Companion Dyes Featuring Benzo 12-Crown-4 for Suppressing Charge Recombination and Enhancing Dye Loading. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41569-41579. [PMID: 37608739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, various porphyrin dyes have been designed to develop efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Based on our previously reported porphyrin dye XW43, which contains a phenothiazine donor with two diethylene glycol (DEG)-derived substituents, we herein report a porphyrin dye XW89 by introducing a benzo 12-crown-4 (BCE) unit onto the N atom of the phenothiazine donor. On this basis, XW90 and XW91 have been synthesized by replacing a DEG chain in XW89 with two DEG chains and a 12-crown-4 unit, respectively. For iodine electrolyte-based DSSCs, dyes XW89-XW91 exhibit VOC values of 765-779 mV, higher than that of XW43 (755 mV), which may be related to the strong capability of the BCE group in binding Li+ and thus suppressing the downward shift of the TiO2 conduction band and interfacial charge recombination. Moreover, the smaller size of 12-crown-4 than the DEG unit enables higher adsorption amounts of the dyes than XW43, contributing to an enhanced JSC value. Due to the presence of two BCE units, dye XW91 exhibits the highest dye loading amount and JSC of 1.86 × 10-7 mol cm-2 and 19.79 mA cm-2, respectively, affording a high PCE of 11.1%. To further enhance the light-harvesting ability, a concerted companion (CC) dye XW92 has been constructed by linking the two subdye units corresponding to the porphyrin dye XW91 and an organic dye. As a result, XW92 affords an enhanced JSC and efficiency. Further coadsorption of XW92 with chenodeoxycholic acid achieved the highest efficiency of 12.1%. This work provides an effective approach for fabricating efficient DSSCs sensitized by porphyrin and CC dyes based on the introduction of crown ether units with smaller sizes and stronger Li+ affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingjun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Zhou H, Ji JM, Lee HS, Masud, Aftabuzzaman M, Lee DN, Kim CH, Kim HK. D-π-A Structured Porphyrin and Organic Dyes with Easily Synthesizable Donor Units for Low-Cost and Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39426-39434. [PMID: 37578375 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop low-cost D-π-A structured porphyrin and organic dyes with easily synthesizable donor units instead of the conventional complex multistep synthetic donor unit of Hexyloxy-BPFA [bis(7-(2,4-bis(hexyloxy)phenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amine] used in SGT-021 and SGT-149 as well-known record cosensitizers with an extremely high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The design strategy concerned the easier synthesis of low-cost donor units with inversion structures in donor groups via donor structural engineering, particularly by changing the position of the fluorene and phenylene units in the donor moiety while keeping the π-bridge and acceptor unit unchanged, leading to the synthesis of two D-π-A structured porphyrins [SGT-021(D0) and SGT-021(D)] and one D-π-A structured organic sensitizer [SGT-149(D)] for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Specifically, porphyrin SGT-021(D0) incorporated two hexyl chains into the 9-position of each fluorene, while SGT-021(D) and SGT-149(D) substituted two hexyloxy chain units to the terminal position of each fluorene in the donor groups of porphyrin dyes. The effect of the position of the fluorene and phenylene units in the donor moiety on the photochemical and electrochemical properties, as well as the photovoltaic performance, was compared with the reference dyes of SGT-021 and SGT-149, previously reported by the research group. After optimizing the DSSC devices, SGT-021(D) and SGT-021(D0) achieved a high PCE of 11.6 and 10.5%, respectively, while SGT-149(D) exhibited a little lower PCE of 10.3% under the standard AM 1.5G light intensity. The cell performance of DSSC devices based on SGT-021(D) and SGT-149(D) was inferior to the corresponding reference dyes of SGT-021 and SGT-149 due to their lower donating ability of Hexyloxy-BPFA than Hexyloxy-BFPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhou
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory (REML), Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ji
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45740 Melheim, Germany
| | - Hyun Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Masud
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Mohammad Aftabuzzaman
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Dong-Nam Lee
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Hwan Kyu Kim
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
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14
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Xie M, Liu J, Dai L, Peng H, Xie Y. Advances and prospects of porphyrin derivatives in the energy field. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24699-24730. [PMID: 37601600 PMCID: PMC10436694 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, porphyrin is developing rapidly in the fields of medicine, energy, catalysts, etc. More and more reports on its application are being published. This paper mainly takes the ingenious utilization of porphyrin derivatives in perovskite solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and lithium batteries as the background to review the design idea of functional materials based on the porphyrin structural unit in the energy sector. In addition, the modification and improvement strategies of porphyrin are presented by visually showing the molecular structures or the design synthesis routes of its functional materials. Finally, we provide some insights into the development of novel energy storage materials based on porphyrin frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Lianghong Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Hongjian Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Youqing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
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15
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Ma Y, Wang K, Zhang H, Liu H, Tian Y, Wang Y, Zhong C. Sensitizers of Metal Complexes with Sulfur Coordination Achieving a Power Conversion Efficiency of 12.89. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37433129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In the study to improve the light absorption range and intensity of dye sensitizers in the visible region and promote their photovoltaic performance, five novel polymeric metal complexes with sulfur coordination (BDTT-VBT-Ni, BDTT-VBT-Cu, BDTT-VBT-Zn, BDTT-VBT-Cd, and BDTT-VBT-Hg) to be used as D-A-π-A motif dye sensitizers were designed, synthesized, and characterized. In these polymeric metal complexes with sulfur coordination, the metal complexes with sulfur coordination of benzodithiophene derivatives are used as auxiliary electron acceptors, 8-quinolinol derivatives are used as π-bridge and electron acceptors, and thienylbenzene-[1,2-b:4,5-b'] dithiophene (BDTT) are used as electron donors. The effect of different metal complexes with sulfur coordination on the photovoltaic performance of dye sensitizers has been systematically studied. Under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm-2), the devices of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on five polymeric metal complexes with sulfur coordination exhibited a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 13.43, 15.07, 18.00, 18.99, and 20.78 mA cm-2, respectively, and their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) were 7.10, 8.59, 10.68, 11.23, and 12.89%, respectively, and their thermal decomposition temperatures (Td) were 251, 257, 265, 276, and 277 °C, respectively. The result shows that the Jsc and PCE of five polymeric metal complexes increase by degrees, and the PCE of BDTT-VBT-Hg is up to 12.89%, which is because of the strength of the coordination bonds between Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) and sulfur increases in turn so that the electron-withdrawing ability and electron-transfer ability of auxiliary electron acceptors is enhanced. These results provide a new way to develop stable and efficient metal complexes with sulfur coordination dye sensitizers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Houpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Chaofan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
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16
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Han L, Dai S, Gao Y, Zhu J, Zhao J, Li Y, Ye Q, Cui Y. Phenothiazine dyes bearing fluorenone unit for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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17
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Kim HK. Redox Shuttle-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Comprehensive Guidance, Recent Progress, and Future Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6139-6163. [PMID: 36844550 PMCID: PMC9948191 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A redox electrolyte is a crucial part of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which plays a significant role in the photovoltage and photocurrent of the DSSCs through efficient dye regeneration and minimization of charge recombination. An I-/I3 - redox shuttle has been mostly utilized, but it limits the open-circuit voltage (V oc) to 0.7-0.8 V. To improve the V oc value, an alternative redox shuttle with more positive redox potential is required. Thus, by utilizing cobalt complexes with polypyridyl ligands, a significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) of above 14% with a high V oc of up to 1 V under 1-sun illumination was achieved. Recently, the V oc of a DSSC has exceeded 1 V with a PCE of around 15% by using Cu-complex-based redox shuttles. The PCE of over 34% in DSSCs under ambient light by using these Cu-complex-based redox shuttles also proves the potential for the commercialization of DSSCs in indoor applications. However, most of the developed highly efficient porphyrin and organic dyes cannot be used for the Cu-complex-based redox shuttles due to their higher positive redox potentials. Therefore, the replacement of suitable ligands in Cu complexes or an alternative redox shuttle with a redox potential of 0.45-0.65 V has been required to utilize the highly efficient porphyrin and organic dyes. As a consequence, for the first time, the proposed strategy for a PCE enhancement of over 16% in DSSCs with a suitable redox shuttle is made by finding a superior counter electrode to enhance the fill factor and a suitable near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing dye for cosensitization with the existing dyes to further broaden the light absorption and enhance the short-circuit current density (J sc) value. This review comprehensively analyzes the redox shuttles and redox-shuttle-based liquid electrolytes for DSSCs and gives recent progress and perspectives.
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18
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Liao JM, Chin YK, Wu YT, Chou HH. Effect of regio-specific arylamine substitution on novel π-extended zinc salophen complexes: density functional and time-dependent density functional study on DSSC applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2501-2513. [PMID: 36741182 PMCID: PMC9844076 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07571g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of π-extended salophen-type Schiff-base zinc(ii) complexes, e.g., zinc-salophen complexes (ZSC), were investigated toward potential applications for dye-sensitized solar cells. The ZSC dyes adopt linear-, X-, or π-shaped geometries either with the functionalization of 1 donor/1 acceptor or 2 donors/2 acceptors to achieve a push-pull type molecular structure. The frontier molecular orbitals, light-harvesting properties as well as charge transfer characters against regio-specific substitution of donor/acceptor groups were studied by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The results reveal that all ZSC dyes of D-ZnS-π-A geometry (where D, S, and A denote to donor, salophen ligand, and acceptor, respectively) exhibit relatively lower HOMO energy compared to the structurally resembled porphyrin dye YD2-o-C8. Natural transition orbital (NTO) and electron-hole separation (EHS) approaches clearly differentiate the linear type YD-series dyes from CL-, AJ1-, and AJ2-series dyes because of poor charge transfer (CT) properties. In contrast, the π-shaped AJ2-series and X-shaped AJ1-series dyes outperform the others in a manner of stronger CT characteristics, broadened UV-vis absorption as well as tunable bandgap simply via substitution of p-ethynylbenzoic acids (EBAs) and arylamine donors at salophen 7,8- and 2,3,12,13-positions, respectively. Both EHS and calculated exciton binding energies suggest the strength of CT character for ZSC dyes with an amino donor in the trend TPA > AN > DPA. This work has provided clear illustration toward molecular design of efficient dyes featuring a zinc-salophen backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University Taichung 43301 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University Taichung 43301 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University Taichung 43301 Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Hsin Chou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University Taichung 43301 Taiwan
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19
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Ren Y, Zhang D, Suo J, Cao Y, Eickemeyer FT, Vlachopoulos N, Zakeeruddin SM, Hagfeldt A, Grätzel M. Hydroxamic acid pre-adsorption raises the efficiency of cosensitized solar cells. Nature 2023; 613:60-65. [PMID: 36288749 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) convert light into electricity by using photosensitizers adsorbed on the surface of nanocrystalline mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) films along with electrolytes or solid charge-transport materials1-3. They possess many features including transparency, multicolour and low-cost fabrication, and are being deployed in glass facades, skylights and greenhouses4. Recent development of sensitizers5-10, redox mediators11-13 and device structures14 has improved the performance of DSCs, particularly under ambient light conditions14-17. To further enhance their efficiency, it is pivotal to control the assembly of dye molecules on the surface of TiO2 to favour charge generation. Here we report a route of pre-adsorbing a monolayer of a hydroxamic acid derivative on the surface of TiO2 to improve the dye molecular packing and photovoltaic performance of two newly designed co-adsorbed sensitizers that harvest light quantitatively across the entire visible domain. The best performing cosensitized solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 15.2% (which has been independently confirmed) under a standard air mass of 1.5 global simulated sunlight, and showed long-term operational stability (500 h). Devices with a larger active area of 2.8 cm2 exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 28.4% to 30.2% over a wide range of ambient light intensities, along with high stability. Our findings pave the way for facile access to high-performance DSCs and offer promising prospects for applications as power supplies and battery replacements for low-power electronic devices18-20 that use ambient light as their energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Ren
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jiajia Suo
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yiming Cao
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,H.Glass SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Felix T Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nick Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Singh AK, Kavungathodi MFM, Mozer AJ, Krishnamoorthy K, Nithyanandhan J. Solvent-Dependent Functional Aggregates of Unsymmetrical Squaraine Dyes on TiO 2 Surface for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14808-14818. [PMID: 36417560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl group wrapped donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) based unsymmetrical squaraine dyes SQ1, SQ5, and SQS4 were used to evaluate the effect of sensitizing solvents on dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) efficiency. A drastic change in DSSC efficiency was observed when the photo-anodes were sensitized in acetonitrile (bad solvent when considering dye solubility) and chloroform (good solvent) with an Iodolyte (I-/I3-) electrolyte. The DSSC device sensitized with squaraine dyes in acetonitrile showed better photovoltaic performance with enhanced photocurrent generation and photovoltage compared to the device sensitized in chloroform. In a good sensitizing solvent, dyes with long hydrophobic alkyl chains are deleterious forming aggregates on the TiO2 surface, which results in an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) response mostly from monomeric and dimeric structures. Meanwhile, a bad sensitizing solvent facilitates the formation of well-packed self-assembled structures on the TiO2 surface, which are responsible for a broad IPCE response and high device efficiencies. The photoanode sensitized in the bad sensitizing solvent showed enhanced VOC values of 642, 675, and 699 mV; JSC values of 6.38, 11.1, and 11.69 mA/cm2; and DSSC device efficiencies of 3.0, 5.63, and 6.13% for the SQ1, SQ5, and SQS4 dyes in the absence of a coadsorbent (chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)), respectively, which were further enhanced by CDCA addition. Meanwhile, the photoanode sensitized in the good sensitizing solvent showed relatively low photovoltaic VOC values of 640, 652, and 650 mV; JSC values of 5.78, 6.79, and 6.24 mA/cm2; and device efficiencies of 2.73, 3.35, and 3.20% for SQ1, SQ5, and SQS4 in the absence of CDCA, respectively, which were further varied with equivalents of CDCA. The best DSSC device efficiencies of 6.13 and 3.20% were obtained for SQS4 without CDCA, where the dye was sensitized in acetonitrile (bad) and chloroform (good) sensitizing solvents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory and CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Munavvar Fairoos Mele Kavungathodi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Attila J Mozer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Kothandam Krishnamoorthy
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory and CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jayaraj Nithyanandhan
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory and CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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21
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Ji JM, Lee HJ, Zhou H, Eom YK, Kim CH, Kim HK. Influence of the π-Bridge-Fused Ring and Acceptor Unit Extension in D-π-A-Structured Organic Dyes for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52745-52757. [PMID: 36208483 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three new D-π-A-structured organic dyes, coded as SGT-138, SGT-150, and SGT-151, with the expansion of π-conjugation in the π-bridge and acceptor parts have been developed to adjust HOMO/LUMO levels and to expand the light absorption range of organic dyes. Referring to the SGT-137 dye, the π-bridge group was extended from the 4-hexyl-4H-thieno[3,2-b]indole (TI) to the 9-hexyl-9H-thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole (TII), and the acceptor group was extended from (E)-3-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)phenyl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (BTCA) to (E)-3-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-ylethynyl)phenyl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (BTECA), where TII was introduced as a π-bridging unit for the first time. It was determined that both extensions are promising strategies to enhance the light-harvesting ability. They present several features, such as (i) efficiently intensifying the extinction coefficient and expanding the absorption bands; (ii) exhibiting enhanced intramolecular charge transfer in comparison with the SGT-137; and (iii) being favorable to photoelectric current generation of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with cobalt electrolytes. In particular, the π-spacer extension from TI to TII was useful for modulating the HOMO energy levels, while the acceptor extension from BTCA to BTECA was useful for modulating the LUMO energy levels. These phenomena could be explained with the aid of density functional theory calculations. Finally, the DSSCs based on new SGT-dyes with an HC-A1 co-adsorbent presented good power conversion efficiencies as high as 11.23, 11.30, 11.05, and 10.80% for SGT-137, SGT-138, SGT-150, and SGT-151, respectively. Furthermore, it was determined that the use of the bulky co-adsorbent, HC-A1, can effectively suppress the structural relaxation of dyes in the excited state, thereby enhancing the charge injection rate of SGT-dyes. The observations in time-resolved photoluminescence were indeed consistent with the variation in the PCE, quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Ji
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Haoran Zhou
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Eom
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Hwan Kyu Kim
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
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22
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Singh P, Nath M. Tandem C–S Coupling and Debrominative Cyclization Enables an Easy Access to β-Thiazole-Fused Porphyrins. Org Lett 2022; 24:8586-8591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pargat Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Mahendra Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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23
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Liu Y, Zhu S, Li W, Su Y, Zhou H, Chen R, Chen W, Zhang W, Niu X, Chen X, An Z. An optimal molecule-matching co-sensitization system for the improvement of photovoltaic performances of DSSCs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22580-22588. [PMID: 36102796 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02796h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three biphenyl co-sensitizers (4OBA, 8OBA and 12OBA) with different terminal oxyalkyl chains were synthesized and co-sensitized respectively with the main dye (NP-1) in co-sensitized solar cells (co-DSSCs). The effects of the terminal oxyalkyl chains on the photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the co-DSSCs were systematically investigated. The optimal molecular matching relationship between the co-sensitizers and the main dye was obtained through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Consequently, 4OBA has the most appropriate three-dimensional (3D) molecular structure, which could not only fill the gap between the large-size dyes but also plays a partial shielding role, inhibiting dye aggregation and electron recombination, therefore yielding the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the co-DSSCs with NP-1@4OBA. This study suggests that adjusting the terminal oxyalkyl chains of the co-sensitizers can be used to enhance the intramolecular charge transfer efficiency and inhibit electron recombination, ultimately improving the photovoltaic performances of the co-DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Light Stabilizers for Polymer Materials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710021, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Shengbo Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Light Stabilizers for Polymer Materials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710021, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Light Stabilizers for Polymer Materials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710021, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yilin Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Light Stabilizers for Polymer Materials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710021, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Light Stabilizers for Polymer Materials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710021, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Light Stabilizers for Polymer Materials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710021, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Light Stabilizers for Polymer Materials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710021, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xiaoling Niu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Light Stabilizers for Polymer Materials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710021, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xinbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei An
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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24
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Aldusi AM, Fadda AA, Ismail MA, Elmorsy MR. Simple organic dyes containing multiple anchors as effective co‐sensitizers for DSSCs loaded with Ru (II) complex N‐719. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameen M. Aldusi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Sana'a University Sana'a Yemen
| | - Ahmed A. Fadda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elmorsy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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25
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Wang X, Wang Y, Zou J, Luo J, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient Solar Cells Sensitized by Organic Concerted Companion Dyes Suitable for Indoor Lamps. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201116. [PMID: 35702052 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, organic concerted companion (CC) dyes CCOD-1 and CCOD-2 were constructed by covalently linking two organic dye units with complementary absorption spectra. Both CC dyes exhibited intense absorption from 300 to 650 nm with the band edges extended to 700 nm. These CC dyes were used to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and the photovoltaic performance was investigated using different light sources. CCOD-2 possessed bulkier outer shelter than CCOD-1 owing to the longer carbon chains (C12 ) at the donor moiety, and thus it had stronger anti-aggregation and anti-charge-recombination ability. Under simulated sunlight (AM1.5G), CCOD-2 exhibited enhanced photovoltaic behavior with an open-circuit voltage (VOC ) of 759 mV, short-circuit current density (JSC ) of 19.23 mA ⋅ cm-2 , and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.4 %, respectively. Notably, under the illumination of the indoor T5 fluorescent lamp (2500 lux), CCOD-2 afforded an enhanced PCE of 28.0 % with remarkable VOC and JSC of 692 mV and 0.424 mA cm-2 , respectively. Notably, the PCE achieved for CCOD-2 outperformed those of the reference sensitizer N719 and our previously reported CC dyes XW61 and XW70-C8 under the same indoor lamp conditions. In summary, the novel organic CC dyes developed in this work were demonstrated to be promising for fabricating DSSCs to efficiently harvest the energy of indoor lamps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiazhi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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26
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Abstract
In September 2015, the ONU approved the Global Agenda for Sustainable Development, by which all countries of the world are mobilized to adopt a set of goals to be achieved by 2030. Within these goals, the aim of having a responsible production and consumption, as well as taking climate action, made is necessary to design new eco-friendly materials. Another important UN goal is the possibility for all the countries in the world to access affordable energy. The most promising and renewable energy source is solar energy. Current solar cells use non-biodegradable substrates, which generally contribute to environmental pollution at the end of their life cycles. Therefore, the production of green and biodegradable electronic devices is a great challenge, prompted by the need to find sustainable alternatives to the current materials, particularly in the field of dye-sensitized solar cells. Within the green alternatives, biopolymers extracted from biomass, such as polysaccharides and proteins, represent the most promising materials in view of a circular economy perspective. In particular, peptides, due to their stability, good self-assembly properties, and ease of functionalization, may be good candidates for the creation of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technology. This work shows an overview of the use of peptides in DSSC. Peptides, due to their unique self-assembling properties, have been used both as dyes (mimicking natural photosynthesis) and as templating materials for TiO2 morphology. We are just at the beginning of the exploitation of these promising biomolecules, and a great deal of work remains to be done.
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27
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Muth M, Wolfram A, Kataev E, Köbl J, Steinrück HP, Lytken O. Accurate Determination of Adsorption-Energy Differences of Metalloporphyrins on Rutile TiO 2(110) 1 × 1. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8643-8650. [PMID: 35793163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the adsorption of organic molecules on surfaces is of essential importance for many applications. Adsorption energies are typically measured using temperature-programmed desorption. However, for large organic molecules, often only desorption of the multilayers is possible, while the bottom monolayer in direct contact to the surface cannot be desorbed without decomposition. Nevertheless, the adsorption energies of these directly adsorbed molecules are the ones of the most interest. We use a layer-exchange process investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to compare the relative adsorption energies of several metalated tetraphenylporphyrins on rutile TiO2(110) 1 × 1. We deposit a mixture of two different molecules, one on top of the other, and slowly anneal above their multilayer desorption temperature. During the slow heating, the molecules begin to diffuse between the layers and the molecules with the stronger interaction with the surface displace the weaker-interacting molecules from the surface and push them into the multilayer. The multilayers eventually desorb, leaving behind a monolayer of strongly interacting molecules. From the ratio of the two different porphyrin molecules in the residual monolayer and the desorbed multilayer, we can calculate the equilibrium constant of the layer-exchange process and thereby the difference in adsorption energy between the two different porphyrin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muth
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolfram
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elmar Kataev
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Köbl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Zou J, Wang Y, Baryshnikov G, Luo J, Wang X, Ågren H, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a New Class of Doubly Concerted Companion Dyes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33274-33284. [PMID: 35834394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To develop efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), concerted companion (CC) dyes XW60-XW63 constructed from the covalent linkage of a strapped porphyrin dye unit and an organic dye unit have been reported to exhibit panchromatic absorption and excellent photovoltaic performance. However, these CC dyes only afforded moderate VOC values of ca. 763 mV, demonstrating relatively weak antiaggregation ability, which remains an obstacle for further enhancing the photovoltaic behavior. To address this problem, we herein develop porphyrin dyes XW77-XW80 with the macrocycles wrapped with alkoxy chains of various lengths (OC6H13-OC22H45) and the corresponding CC dyes XW81-XW84 containing these porphyrin dye units. Interestingly, the new CC dyes XW81-XW83 exhibit increasing VOC from 745 to 784 mV with the chain lengths extended from C6 to C18, and a lowered VOC of 762 mV was obtained for XW84 when the chain length was further extended to C22. As a result, XW83 afforded the highest PCE of 12.2%, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the record efficiency for the iodine electrolyte-based solar cells sensitized with a single dye. These results can be rationalized by the so-called doubly concerted companion (DCC) effects, that is, the two subdye units exhibit not only complementary absorption but also concerted antiaggregation with the long wrapping chains on the porphyrins unit simultaneously protecting the porphyrin macrocycle and the neighboring organic subdye unit, thus affording panchromatic absorption and strong antiaggregation and anticharge-recombination ability. These results provide a new approach for constructing a class of DCC dyes to achieve high-performance DSSCs without using any antiaggregating coadsorbent or absorption-enhancing cosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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29
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Yu C, Fang X, Wu Q, Guo X, Chen N, Cheng C, Hao E, Jiao L. Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Push-Pull Chromophores Based On Isoindole Scaffolds. Org Lett 2022; 24:4557-4562. [PMID: 35730791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new class of tailor-made push-pull isoindole fluorophores has been synthesized through the combination of Suzuki coupling and Knoevenagel reactions. The efficient synthetic strategy rendered the isoindole scaffold as the π-bridge and the isolation spacer and provided dyes bearing various types of electron donors and electron acceptors for manipulating their energy gaps and tuning their absorptions and emissions. Most of the N-alkylated isoindole dyes showed aggregation-induced emission behaviors suitable for bioimaging and nice solid-state emission with maxima up to 851 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China.,Postdoctoral Research Center of Suntex TEXTILE Technology Co, Ltd., Wuhu, Anhui 241200, China
| | - Xingbao Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Xing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Na Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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30
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A synergistic effect of NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4:Nd@SiO2 upconversion nanoparticles and TiO2 hollow spheres to enhance photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Li C, Jia Q, Fan Y, Zhang W, Sun X, Cao J, Jin N, Liu J. Synthesis of zinc porphyrin with fluorophenyl group and applications in dye sensitized solar cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Synthesis, Characterization, DFT and Photocatalytic Studies of a New Pyrazine Cadmium(II) Tetrakis(4-methoxy-phenyl)-porphyrin Compound. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123833. [PMID: 35744951 PMCID: PMC9227090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis, theoretical investigations, and photocatalytic degradational properties of a new (pyrazine)(meso-tetrakis(4-tert-methoxyphenyl)-porphyrinato)-cadmium (II) ([Cd(TMPP)-Pyz]) complex (1). The new penta-coordinated CdII porphyrin complex (1) was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, NMR, UV-visible absorption, fluorescence emission, and singlet oxygen, while its molecular structure was studied using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The UV–Vis spectroscopic study highlighted the redshift of the absorption bands after the insertion of the Cd(II) metal ion into the TMPP ring. The co-coordination of the pyrazine axial ligand enhanced this effect. A fluorescence emission spectroscopic study showed a significant blueshift in the Q bands, accompanied by a decrease in the fluorescence emission intensity and quantum yields of Φf = 0.084, Φf = 0.06 and Φf = 0.03 for H2-TMPP free-base porphyrin, [Cd(TMPP)] and [Cd(TMPP)(Pyz)] (1) respectively. Singlet oxygen revealed that the H2-TMPP porphyrin produced the most efficient singlet oxygen quantum yield of (ΦΔ = 0.73) compared to [CdTMPP] (ΦΔ = 0.57) and [Cd(TMPP)(Pyz)] (1) (ΦΔ = 0.13). In the crystal lattice, the [Cd(TMPP)Pyz] was stabilized through non-covalent intermolecular interactions (NCI), such as the hydrogen bonds C-H···N and C-H···Cg. Additionally, crystal explorer software was then utilized to measure the quantitative analysis of the intermolecular interactions in the unit cell of the crystal structure and established that the C-H···π interaction dominated. The Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis revealed that each molecule is stabilized by hyperconjugation and charge delocalization. As a photocatalyst, the coordination complex 1 showed excellent photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of Levafix Blue CA reactive dye (i.e., dye photo-degradation of 80%).
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33
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Chang PH, Sil MC, Reddy KSK, Lin CH, Chen CM. Polyimide-Based Covalent Organic Framework as a Photocurrent Enhancer for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25466-25477. [PMID: 35604330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are of great interest in the energy and optoelectronic fields due to their high porosity, superior thermal stability, and highly ordered conjugated architecture, which are beneficial for charge migration, charge separation, and light harvesting. In this study, polyimide COFs (PI-COFs) are synthesized through the condensation reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) with tris(4-aminophenyl) amine (TAPA) and then doped in the TiO2 photoelectrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to co-work with N719 dye to explore their functionality. As a benchmark, the pristine DSSC without the doping of PI-COFs exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 9.05% under simulated one sun illumination. The doping of 0.04 wt % PI-COFs contributes an enhanced short-circuit current density (JSC) from 17.43 to 19.03 mA/cm2, and therefore, the cell efficiency is enhanced to 9.93%. The enhancement of JSC is attributed to the bifunctionality of PI-COFs, which enhances the charge transfer/injection and suppresses the charge recombination through the host (PI-COF)-guest (N719 dye) interaction. In addition, the PI-COFs also function as a cosensitizer and contribute a small quantity of photoinduced electrons upon sunlight illumination. Surface modification of oxygen plasma improves the hydrophilicity of PI-COF particles and reinforces the heterogeneous linkage between PI-COF and TiO2 nanoparticles, giving rise to more efficient charge injection. As a result, the champion cell exhibits a high power conversion efficiency of 10.46% with an enhanced JSC of 19.43 mA/cm2. This methodology of increasing solar efficiency by modification of the photoelectrode with the doping of PI-COFs in the TiO2 nanoparticles is promising in the development of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Manik Chandra Sil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kamani Sudhir K Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Experimental and theoretical study of organic sensitizers for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (s-DSSCs). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Liu D, Wang X, Zhou Y, Hu C, Su P, Yan J, Zhang N. A Study of the Functionalisation of BOPYIN dyes: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debao Liu
- China Three Gorges University College of Materials and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xuan Wang
- China Three Gorges University College of Materials and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yongzhu Zhou
- Tianjin Chengjian University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Cong Hu
- China Three Gorges University College of Materials and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Peng Su
- China Three Gorges University College of Materials and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiaying Yan
- China Three Gorges University College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Daxue road 443002 Yichang CHINA
| | - Nuonuo Zhang
- China Three Gorges University College of Materials and Chemical Engineering CHINA
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36
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Zhou J, Huang K, Lin S, Zhang N, Wang X, Li Y, Li Z, Han G. Dye Sensitization Offers a Brighter Afterglow Nanoparticle Future for in vivo Recharged Luminescent Imaging. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104366. [PMID: 35218098 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
While concerns about improving recharged afterglow intensity in vivo still motivate further exploration, afterglow nanoparticles (AGNP) offer unique optical merit for autofluorescence-free biological imaging. Apart from efforts enhancing the afterglow emission properties of AGNP, improving afterglow excitation response to visible or near infrared light is important but has lacked success. Dye sensitization has been used to improve the optical response of photovoltaic nanomaterials and to enhance upconversion luminescence efficiency. This concept has recently been expanded and applied to AGNPs. As a new multifunctional nanoprobe, such dye-sensitized AGNP takes advantage of both high spatial resolution fluorescence imaging and sensitive afterglow imaging. This Concept introduces the background, the concept, mechanism, and related imaging application, as well as reviewing existing challenges and proposing future developmental directions for the dye-sensitized AGNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511500, P. R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
| | - Shaochen Lin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511500, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511500, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511500, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511500, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511500, P. R. China
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, USA
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37
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Li XX, Ji T, Gao JY, Chen WC, Yuan Y, Sha HY, Faller R, Shan GG, Shao KZ, Wang XL, Su ZM. An unprecedented fully reduced {Mo V 60} polyoxometalate: from an all-inorganic molecular light-absorber model to improved photoelectronic performance. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4573-4580. [PMID: 35656126 PMCID: PMC9020181 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06779f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully reduced polyoxometalates are predicted to give rise to a broad and strong absorption spectrum, suitable energy levels, and unparalleled electronic and optical properties. However, they are not available to date. Here, an unprecedented fully reduced polyoxomolybdate cluster, namely Na8[MoV 60O140(OH)28]·19H2O {MoV 60}, was successfully designed and obtained under hydrothermal conditions, which is rare and is the largest fully reduced polyoxometalate reported so far. The MoV 60 molecule describes one Keggin {ε-Mo12} encapsulated in an unprecedented {Mo24} cage, giving rise to a double truncated tetrahedron quasi-nesting architecture, which is further face-capped by another four {Mo6} tripods. Its crystalline stability in air, solvent tolerance, and photosensitivity were all shown. As a cheap and robust molecular light-absorber model possessing wide light absorption, MoV 60 was applied to build a co-sensitized solar cell photoelectronic device along with N719 dyes and the optimal power conversion efficiency was 28% higher than that of single-dye sensitization. These results show that MoV 60 polyoxometalate could serve as an ideal model for the design and synthesis of all-inorganic molecular light-absorbers for other light-driven processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Ren Min Street No. 5268 Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Tuo Ji
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Ren Min Street No. 5268 Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Ren Min Street No. 5268 Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Wei-Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Ren Min Street No. 5268 Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Ren Min Street No. 5268 Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yan Sha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Guo-Gang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Ren Min Street No. 5268 Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Kui-Zhan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Ren Min Street No. 5268 Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Xin-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Ren Min Street No. 5268 Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Ren Min Street No. 5268 Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
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38
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Ji T, Wu D, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Xu K. The TiO 2 films with sandwich-type polyoxometalates in dye sensitized solar cells with electron recombination decreasing and dye adsorption increasing. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2057848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Ji
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kaicheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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39
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Eltoukhi M, Fadda AA, Abdel-Latif E, Elmorsy MR. Low cost carbazole-based organic dyes bearing the acrylamide and 2-pyridone moieties for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Unprecedented nonaromatic stable phenothiazine-embedded porphyrinoids were synthesized by incorporating phenothiazine subunits into the hexaphyrin framework. The crystal structure revealed that the macrocycle adopted a twisted conformation wherein the phenothiazine units maintained their planarity, which was an impediment in π-delocalization throughout the macrocyclic core. The macrocycles exhibited distinct absorption bands in the visible-near-infrared region, and electrochemical studies indicated their electron-rich nature. Theoretical studies were consistent with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisikta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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41
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Periyasamy K, Sakthivel P, Venkatesh G, Anbarasan PM, Vennila P, Sheena Mary Y, Kaya S, Erkan S. Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical, and DFT examinations of two new organic dye molecules based on phenothiazine and dibenzofuran. J Mol Model 2022; 28:34. [PMID: 35022895 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New dyes were developed and produced utilizing distinct electron donors (phenothiazine and dibenzofuran), a π-spacer, and an electron acceptor of cyanoacetohydrazide, and their structures were studied using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. Following the synthesis of dye molecules, the photophysical and photovoltaic characteristics were investigated using experimental and theoretical methods. The photosensitizers have been exposed to electrochemical and optical property experiments in order to study their absorption performance and also molecular orbital energies. The monochromatic optical conversion efficiency of (Z)-N-((5-(10H-phenothiazin-2-yl)furan-2-yl)methylene)-2-cyanoacetohydrazide (PFCH) was found higher than that of (Z)-2-cyano-N'-((5-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-yl)furan-2-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide (BFCH), with IPCEs of 58 and 64% for BFCH and PFCH, respectively. According to the photosensitizer molecular energy level diagram, the studied dye molecules have strong thermodynamically advantageous ground and excited-state oxidation potentials for electron injection into the conduction band of titanium oxide. It was observed that the ability to attract electrons correlated favorably with molecular orbital energy. While density functional theory calculations were used to examine molecule geometries, vertical electronic excitations, and frontier molecular orbitals, experimental and computed results were consistent. Natural bond orbital and nonlinear optical properties were also calculated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Periyasamy
- Department of Physics, Vaigai Arts and Science Women's College, Salem, 636 111, India.
| | - P Sakthivel
- Department of Physics, Selvamm Arts and Science College, Namakkal, 637 003, India
| | - G Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, MMCAS, Rasipuram, Tamil Nadu, 637408, India
| | - P M Anbarasan
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, India
| | - P Vennila
- Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar Government Arts College, Rasipuram, 637401, India
| | - Y Sheena Mary
- Researcher, Thushara, Neethinagar-64, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - S Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey
| | - Sultan Erkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey
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42
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Luo J, Xie Z, Zou J, Wu X, Gong X, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells based on concerted companion dyes: systematic optimization of thiophene units in the organic dye components. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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43
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Spiro‐sulfone‐based Auxiliary Acceptor in D‐A‐π‐A Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells Application under Indoor/Outdoor Light. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Prakash K, Osterloh WR, Rathi P, Kadish KM, Sankar M. Facile synthesis of antipodal β-arylaminodibromoporphyrins through Buchwald-Hartwig C-N coupling reaction and exploring their spectral and electrochemical redox properties. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Muñoz-García AB, Benesperi I, Boschloo G, Concepcion JJ, Delcamp JH, Gibson EA, Meyer GJ, Pavone M, Pettersson H, Hagfeldt A, Freitag M. Dye-sensitized solar cells strike back. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12450-12550. [PMID: 34590638 PMCID: PMC8591630 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. In recent years, DSCs and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have experienced a renaissance as the best technology for several niche applications that take advantage of DSCs' unique combination of properties: at low cost, they are composed of non-toxic materials, are colorful, transparent, and very efficient in low light conditions. This review summarizes the advancements in the field over the last decade, encompassing all aspects of the DSC technology: theoretical studies, characterization techniques, materials, applications as solar cells and as drivers for the synthesis of solar fuels, and commercialization efforts from various companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- University Management and Management Council, Vice Chancellor, Uppsala University, Segerstedthuset, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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46
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Zhou P, Lin B, Chen R, An Z, Chen X, An Q, Chen P. Effect of Extending the Conjugation of Dye Molecules on the Efficiency and Stability of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30069-30077. [PMID: 34778678 PMCID: PMC8582274 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized two organic dyes (A6 and A10) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by extending the molecular conjugation strategy. The sensitizer A10 was constructed by inserting ethene into our previously reported sensitizer AZ6. The sensitizer A6 was obtained by further substituting the hydrogen of ethene with another donor (D) and π-bridge-acceptor (π-A) segment. The UV-vis spectra and J-V curves showed that the dyes A10 and A6 could effectively facilitate the light-harvesting and photocurrent densities with respect to AZ6. Consequently, the A10-based DSSC achieved an enhanced efficiency (8.54%) with a high photocurrent (18.81 mA cm-2). Desorption experiments of dyes adsorbed on TiO2 showed that compared with the monoanchoring dyes AZ6 and A10, the dianchoring configuration effectively strengthened the affinity of dye A6 with the photoanode, making it more difficult to leach from the photoanode. The A6-based DSSC shows outstanding stability, and its overall efficiency could remain 98.0% of its initial value after 3000 h of aging time, exceeding that of its monoanalogue AZ6 (remained 78.3% after 3000 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjuan Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Shannxi Normal
University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Bobing Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Shannxi Normal
University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Shannxi Normal
University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Zhongwei An
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Shannxi Normal
University, Xi’an 710062, China
- Xi’an
Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xinbing Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Shannxi Normal
University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Qi An
- North
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Shannxi Normal
University, Xi’an 710062, China
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47
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Chen Y, Tang Y, Zou J, Zeng K, Baryshnikov G, Li C, Xie Y. Fluorenyl Indoline as an Efficient Electron Donor for Concerted Companion Dyes: Enhanced Light-Harvesting and Photocurrent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49828-49839. [PMID: 34641667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concerted companion dyes (CC dyes) like XW61 have been demonstrated to be an effective platform for developing efficient DSSCs. However, the moderated phenothiazine-based electron donor in XW61 results in unsatisfactory Jsc. To address this problem, a stronger fluorenyl indoline-based electron donor has been used to construct porphyrin dye XW68 and organic dyes Y1-Y2. The stronger electron-donating character of the fluorenyl indoline unit leads to an enhanced Jsc value (20.48 mA·cm-2) for the individual dye XW68. On this basis, CC dyes XW69-XW70-C8 have been designed and synthesized by combining the frameworks of Y1 and Y2 with XW68. The complementary absorption characters of the porphyrin and the organic dye moieties lead to panchromatic absorption with a strong light-harvesting capability from 350 to 700 nm and the onset wavelength extended to ca. 840 nm in the IPCE curves. As a result, excellent Jsc values have been achieved (>22 mA·cm-2). In addition to the advantages of high Jsc, bulky octyl groups have been introduced into the donor of XW70-C8 to reduce dye aggregation and suppress charge recombination. Finally, a highest PCE of 11.1% with a satisfactory Jsc (22.25 mA·cm-2) and an enhanced Voc (750 mV) has been achieved upon coadsorption of XW70-C8 with CDCA. In addition, the CC dye XW70-C8-based solar cells exhibit excellent long-term photostability. These results provide an effective method for rationally improving the photovoltaic behavior, especially the Jsc of CC dyes, by introducing strong electron donor moieties with suitable substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yunyu Tang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Nabil E, Hasanein AA, Alnoman RB, Zakaria M. Optimizing the Cosensitization Effect of SQ02 Dye on BP-2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Computational Quantum Chemical Study. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5098-5116. [PMID: 34587740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cosensitization of the semiconducting electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), with two or more light-harvesting dyes, is a chemical fabrication method that aims to achieve a panchromatic absorption spectrum emulating that of the solar emission spectrum. In this paper, SQ02 and BP-2 cosensitizers have been investigated, as isolated monomers/dimer and adsorbed monomers/dimer on the TiO2 (101) anatase surface, by employing density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Computed results showed that the dominant electron injection pathway is direct injection from each dye into the conduction band of TiO2. The almost complete spectral overlap between the simulated absorption spectrum of BP-2 and fluorescence emissions of SQ02 implies that excitation energy transfer occurs between cosensitizers via the trivial reabsorption mechanism. However, the results showed very limited unidirectional intermolecular charge transfer (CT) from SQ02 dye to BP-2 dye (0.04 |e-|). Therefore, this study also presents a stepwise molecular engineering of BP-2 dye, aiming at optimizing the cosensitization functionality. First, 14 redesigned dye candidates are reported to identify dyes with photophysical properties matching the requirements for efficient DSCs. Second, the four most promising dyes are shortlisted for testing as cosensitizers with the SQ02 dye. The molecular design factors of cosensitization that need validation are chemical compatibility, availability of CT between cosensitizers, and complementarity of the absorption spectra. This screening suggests the judicious choice of the modeled difluorenyl amine donor-based dye (BP-D4) as a very promising cosensitizer. In particular, the SQ02/BP-D4 dimer showed 10 times larger (0.53 |e-|) unidirectional CT than that of SQ02/BP-2 dimer, in addition to the maximum increased electron population of acceptor moieties upon photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Nabil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hasanein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Rua B Alnoman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 56423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Zakaria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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49
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Li Y, Wang G, Feng X, Jia Q, Li Y, Liu J, Cao J, Liu J. Double-layer novel zinc porphyrin based on axial coordination self-assembly for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Gao S, Li C, Baryshnikov G, Ågren H, Li Q, Xie Y. Syntheses of thiophene appended N-confused phlorin isomers. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A doubly confused thiapentapyrrane NSP-5 was synthesized by acid-catalysed condensation. Subsequent oxidation with DDQ did not afford the expected thiasapphyrin-like product. Instead, two tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, i.e. neo-N-confused phlorin (1) and N-confused phlorin-II (2) were obtained in the yields of 14% and 18%, respectively. The compounds were characterized by NMR, HRMS, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Single crystal structures clearly reveal that the thienyl units are not embedded into the macrocycles, but appended as meso-substituents, and the C[Formula: see text]-N and C[Formula: see text]-C[Formula: see text] cyclization modes can be clearly revealed by the crystal structures of 1 and 2, respectively. The observation that the thienyl unit is not involved in oxidative cyclization may be related to the relatively low reactivity of the thiophene moiety compared with the more electron-rich pyrrole unit. These results indicate that oxidative cyclization of linear thiaoligopyrranes containing terminal thiophene units may be developed as an effective approach for synthesizing nonconjugated macrocycles like phlorin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, 18031, Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qizhao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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