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Kim C, Yoo H, Lee G, Hong HJ. Powdered activated carbon (PAC)-assisted peroxymonosulfate activation for efficient urea elimination in ultrapure water production from reclaimed water. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4597. [PMID: 38409464 PMCID: PMC10897149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Urea is a problematic pollutant in reclaimed water for ultrapure water (UPW) production. The sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) has been recognized as an effective method for urea degradation. However, conventional metal-based catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation are unsuitable for UPW production due to issues related to metal ion leaching. In this study, the use of powdered activated carbon (PAC) was investigated for the removal of urea from reclaimed water. The PAC exhibited a high degree of defects (ID/IG = 1.709) and various surface oxygen functional groups (C-OH, C=O, and C-O), which greatly enhanced its catalytic capability. The PAC significantly facilitated PMS activation in the PMS + PAC system, leading to the complete urea decomposition. The PMS + PAC system demonstrated excellent urea removal efficiency within a wide pH range, except for pH < 3. Among the various anions present, the CO32- and PO43- inhibited urea degradation, while the coexistence of Cl- promoted urea removal. Furthermore, the feasibility test was evaluated using actual reclaimed water. The quenching test revealed that SO4-·, ·OH, and O2-· played crucial roles in the degradation of urea in the PAC-assisted SR-AOP. The oxygen functional groups (C-OH and O-C=O) and defect sites of PAC clearly contributed to PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaelin Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdaero 1, Chungbuk, SeowonGu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeji Yoo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdaero 1, Chungbuk, SeowonGu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyubin Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdaero 1, Chungbuk, SeowonGu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdaero 1, Chungbuk, SeowonGu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Lee S, Ha HP, Lee JH, Kim J. Uncovering the centrality of mono-dentate SO 32-/SO 42- modifiers grafted on a metal vanadate in accelerating wet NO X reduction and poison pyrolysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132278. [PMID: 37619273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
NOX rarely binds with labile oxygens of catalytic solids, whose Lewis acidic (LA) species possess higher binding strengths with NH3 (ENH3) and H2O than Brönsted acidic counterparts (BA--H+; -OH), oftentimes leading to elevate energy barrier (EBARRIER) and weaken H2O tolerance, respectively. These limit NH3-assisted wet NOX reduction via Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type or Eley-Rideal (ER)-type model on LA species, while leaving ER-type analogue on BA--H+ species proper to reduce wet NOX. Given hard-to-regulate strength/amount of -OH species and occasional association between ENH3 and EBARRIER, Ni1V2O6 (Ni1) was rationally chosen as a platform to isolate mono-dentate SO32-/SO42- species for use as BA--H+ bonds via protonation to increase collision frequency (k'APP,0) alongside with disclosure of advantages of SO32-/SO42--functionalized Ni1V2O6 (Ni1-S) over Ni1 in reducing wet NOX. Ni1-S outperformed Ni1 in achieving a larger BA--H+ quantity (k'APP,0↑), increasing H2O tolerance, and elevating oxygen mobility, thus promoting NOX reduction activity/consequences under SO2-excluding gases. V2O5-WO3 composite simulating a commercial catalyst could isolate mono-dentate SO32-/SO42- species and served as a control (V2O5-WO3-S) for comparison. Ni1-S was superior to V2O5-WO3-S in evading ammonium (bi-)sulfate (AS/ABS) poison accumulation and expediting AS/ABS pyrolysis efficiency, thereby improving AS/ABS resistance under SO2-including gases, while enhancing resistance against hydro-thermal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhyun Lee
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Heon Phil Ha
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jongsik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea.
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Deploying Radical Inter-Transition from •OH to Supported NO3• on Mono-Dentate NO3--Modified ZrO2 to Sustain Fragmentation of Aqueous Contaminants. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wang Z, Jia H, Zhao H, Zhang R, Zhang C, Zhu K, Guo X, Wang T, Zhu L. Oxygen Limitation Accelerates Regeneration of Active Sites on a MnO 2 Surface: Promoting Transformation of Organic Matter and Carbon Preservation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9806-9815. [PMID: 35723552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Birnessite (δ-MnO2) is a layered manganese oxide widely present in the environment and actively participates in the transformation of natural organic matter (NOM) in biogeochemical processes. However, the effect of oxygen on the dynamic interface processes of NOM and δ-MnO2 remains unclear. This study systematically investigated the interactions between δ-MnO2 and fulvic acid (FA) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. FA was transformed by δ-MnO2 via direct electron transfer and the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). During the 32-day reaction, 79.8% of total organic carbon (TOC) in solution was removed under anaerobic conditions, unexpectedly higher than that under aerobic conditions (69.8%), suggesting that oxygen limitation was more conducive to the oxidative transformation of FA by δ-MnO2. The oxygen vacancies (OV) on the surface of δ-MnO2 were more exposed under anaerobic conditions, thus promoting the adsorption and transformation of FA as well as regeneration of the active sites. Additionally, the reaction of FA with δ-MnO2 weakened the strongly bonded lattice oxygen (Olatt), and the released Olatt was an important source of ROS. Interestingly, a part of organic carbon (OC) was preserved by forming MnCO3, which might be a novel mechanism for carbon preservation. These findings contribute to an improved understanding of the dynamic interface processes between MnO2 and NOM and provide new insights into the effects of oxygen limitation on the cycling and preservation of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 3# Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 3# Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 3# Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 3# Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 3# Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 3# Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 3# Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 3# Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 3# Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Kim J, Kim DH, Park J, Jeong K, Ha HP. Decrypting Catalytic NOX Activation and Poison Fragmentation Routes Boosted by Mono- and Bi-Dentate Surface SO32–/SO42– Modifiers under a SO2-Containing Flue Gas Stream. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongsik Kim
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Kim
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jinseon Park
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Heon Phil Ha
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
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