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Chen Y, Chen P, Cao Y, Hua L, Li H. Ion Optical Optimization Method for an Ultrahigh Resolution Planar Multireflection Time-of-Flight Mass Analyzer Using the Hill Climbing Algorithm. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:575-581. [PMID: 38321587 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A novel ion optical optimization method for planar multireflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MR-TOFMS) is introduced in this paper. The multiparameters of the gridless mirror model, including geometric and voltage parameters, are automatically optimized using a self-made program created in SIMION 8.1. Combining with the hill climbing algorithm and parallel computing technique, this method substantially enhances optimization efficiency and accuracy. The fitting results demonstrated that the ion optical performance of the gridless mirror reached up to fourth-order isochronicity with respect to the energy spread and third-order isochronicity with respect to the spatial and angular spread. As a result, the gridless mirror model achieved an aberration limit resolution of 1.7 million under realistic ion beam conditions. Due to constraints of periodic lenses, the aberration limit resolution of the planar MR-TOFMS was optimized to 600k. These results indicate that the hill climbing algorithm is an effective method to search the optimal solutions in complex ion optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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2
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Ouyang Z, Zhou M, Xia Y. Mass Spectrometry in China. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2607-2610. [PMID: 38015814 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
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3
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Cao Y, Yang F, Xie Y, Liu S, Hua L, Zhang S, Chen P, Wen Y, Li H, Wang L. Rapid Determination of Ethyl Carbamate in Chinese Liquor via a Direct Injection Mass Spectrometry with Time-Resolved Flash-Thermal-Vaporization and Acetone-Assisted High-Pressure Photoionization Strategy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4235-4242. [PMID: 36795494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl carbamate (EC), a carcinogenic compound, is naturally produced in fermented foods and alcoholic beverages. Rapid and accurate measurement of EC is necessary and important for quality control and safety evaluation of Chinese liquor, a traditionally distilled spirit with the highest consumption in China, but it remains a great challenge. In this work, a direct injection mass spectrometry (DIMS) with time-resolved flash-thermal-vaporization (TRFTV) and acetone-assisted high-pressure photoionization (HPPI) strategy has been developed. EC was rapidly separated from the main matrix components, ethyl acetate (EA) and ethanol, by the TRFTV sampling strategy due to the retention time difference of these three compounds with large boiling point differences on the inner wall of a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) tube. Therefore, the matrix effect of EA and ethanol was effectively eliminated. The acetone-assisted HPPI source was developed for efficient ionization of EC through a photoionization-induced proton transfer reaction between EC molecules and protonated acetone ions. The accurate quantitative analysis of EC in liquor was achieved by introducing an internal standard method (ISM) using deuterated EC (d5-EC). As a result, the limit of detection (LOD) for EC was 8.88 μg/L with the analysis time of only 2 min, and the recoveries ranged from 92.3 to 113.1%. Finally, the prominent capability of the developed system was demonstrated by rapid determination of trace EC in Chinese liquors with different flavor types, exhibiting wide potential applications in online quality control and safety evaluation of not only Chinese liquors but also other liquor and alcoholic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564500, China.,Baijiu Manufacturing Innovation Institute of Guizhou Province, Renhuai 564500, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Song Liu
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564500, China.,Baijiu Manufacturing Innovation Institute of Guizhou Province, Renhuai 564500, China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564500, China.,Baijiu Manufacturing Innovation Institute of Guizhou Province, Renhuai 564500, China
| | - Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuxuan Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Wang
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564500, China.,Baijiu Manufacturing Innovation Institute of Guizhou Province, Renhuai 564500, China
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4
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Hou Y, Gao Y, Guo S, Zhang Z, Chen R, Zhang X. Applications of spatially resolved omics in the field of endocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:993081. [PMID: 36704039 PMCID: PMC9873308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.993081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine tumors derive from endocrine cells with high heterogeneity in function, structure and embryology, and are characteristic of a marked diversity and tissue heterogeneity. There are still challenges in analyzing the molecular alternations within the heterogeneous microenvironment for endocrine tumors. Recently, several proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic platforms have been applied to the analysis of endocrine tumors to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor genesis, progression and metastasis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of spatially resolved proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics guided by mass spectrometry imaging and spatially resolved microproteomics directed by microextraction and tandem mass spectrometry. In this regard, we will discuss different mass spectrometry imaging techniques, including secondary ion mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and desorption electrospray ionization. Additionally, we will highlight microextraction approaches such as laser capture microdissection and liquid microjunction extraction. With these methods, proteins can be extracted precisely from specific regions of the endocrine tumor. Finally, we compare applications of proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic platforms in the field of endocrine tumors and outline their potentials in elucidating cellular and molecular processes involved in endocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shudi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- General Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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5
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Cao Y, Chen P, Chen Y, Wen Y, Hua L, Xie Y, Li H. Influence of Pseudopotential Well Depth on the Performance of Hybrid Linear Ion Trap/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Driven by Square and Sinusoidal Waveform. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1833-1839. [PMID: 36099190 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quadrupole devices are widely used as ion analyzers and ion guides, which are usually driven by a sinusoidal waveform. Recently, these devices driven by a digital waveform have attracted much attention. Driven by different rf waveforms, the pseudopotential well depth of quadrupole devices is significantly different, which will affect their performance. However, there is a lack of comprehensive view on the performance differences of quadrupole devices or hybrid instrument driven by different rf waveforms. In this paper, the differences in mass range, resolution, sensitivity, and ion fragmentation of LIT/TOFMS driven by square and sinusoidal waveforms were investigated. Compared with the sinusoidal mode, the square mode had a wider mass range and better mass resolution. Toluene was used to study the difference in sensitivity and ion fragmentation between the two modes. The results showed that the sensitivity of the square mode was 1.7-2.5 times that of the sinusoidal mode at different ion densities. According to the sensitivity differences, it was inferred that the ion-trapping efficiency and ion capacity of LIT in the square mode were 2.0 times and 1.7 times those in sinusoidal mode. It was found that the square mode behaved "softer" and presented less fragmentation, and the proportion of fragment ions in the sinusoidal mode can reach 3.2 times that in the square mode at high ion density. Therefore, LIT/TOFMS driven by a square waveform shows greater potential in the application of the complex matrix system with a wide mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuxuan Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
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6
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Fornelli L, Toby TK. Characterization of large intact protein ions by mass spectrometry: What directions should we follow? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140758. [PMID: 35077914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Theoretically, the gas-phase interrogation of whole proteoforms via mass spectrometry, known as top-down proteomics, bypasses the protein inference problem that afflicts peptide-centric proteomic approaches. Despite this obvious advantage, the application of top-down proteomics remains rare, mainly due to limited throughput and difficulty of analyzing proteins >30 kDa. Here we will discuss some of the problems encountered during the characterization of large proteoforms, and guided by a combination of theoretical background and experimental evidence we will describe some innovative data acquisition strategies and novel mass spectrometry technologies that can at least partially overcome such limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fornelli
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Biology, 730 Van Vleet oval, Norman, OK 73109, United States of America; University of Oklahoma, Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73109, United States of America.
| | - Timothy K Toby
- DiscernDx, 2478 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303, United States of America
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7
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Cao Y, Chen P, Hua L, Wang W, Chen Y, Wen Y, Xie Y, Li H. A Strategy for Simultaneously Improving Resolution and Sensitivity of Hybrid Quadrupole Ion Trap/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Using Square Waveform Phase Modulation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:322-327. [PMID: 34967621 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hybrid quadrupole ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QIT/TOFMS) device is popular because of its advantages of high sensitivity, high resolution, and MS/MS capability. However, the analytical performance of QIT/TOFMS is severely limited by the parameters of the ion trap, as QIT is typically used as a TOF pulser because the ion initial distributions of space, velocity, and angle change dynamically with the phase angle of rf voltage. In this work, a square waveform phase modulation strategy was proposed to eliminate the influence of the rf phase angle, and the dependence of QIT/TOFMS performance on the phase angle was studied. It was found that the mass resolution and signal intensity showed a "W" trend with the increase of the ion extraction phase angle from 0° to 360°, where the best resolution and sensitivity were obtained at 0°, 180°, and 360° while the worst resolution and sensitivity were obtained at 90° and 270°. Moreover, the optimum phase angle was independent of m/z. As a result, the mass resolution for m/z 106, 164, and 258 was improved by 162%, 160%, and 210% respectively, while the signal intensities for m/z 106, 164, and 258 were enhanced by 25 ± 1, 10 ± 1, and 21 ± 1 fold, respectively, and a limit of detection down to 0.015 ppbv for m/z 164 was obtained. The experiment results indicated that the square waveform phase modulation strategy could be used to simultaneously improve the resolution and sensitivity of QIT/TOFMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuxuan Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
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