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Gressent F, Da Silva P, Eyraud V, Karaki L, Royer C. Pea Albumin 1 subunit b (PA1b), a promising bioinsecticide of plant origin. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:1502-17. [PMID: 22295174 PMCID: PMC3268454 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3121502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PA1b (Pea Albumin 1, subunit b) is a peptide extract from pea seeds showing significant insecticidal activity against certain insects, such as cereal weevils (genus Sitophilus), the mosquitoes Culex pipiens and Aedes aegyptii, and certain species of aphids. PA1b has great potential for use on an industrial scale and for use in organic farming: it is extracted from a common plant; it is a peptide (and therefore suitable for transgenic applications); it can withstand many steps of extraction and purification without losing its activity; and it is present in a seed regularly consumed by humans and mammals without any known toxicity or allergenicity. The potential of this peptide to limit pest damage has stimulated research concerning its host range, its mechanism of action, its three-dimensional structure, the natural diversity of PA1b and its structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gressent
- INSA-Lyon, INRA, Université de Lyon, UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Bat. Louis-Pasteur 20 av. Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne F-69621, France.
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Da Silva P, Rahioui I, Laugier C, Jouvensal L, Meudal H, Chouabe C, Delmas AF, Gressent F. Molecular requirements for the insecticidal activity of the plant peptide pea albumin 1 subunit b (PA1b). J Biol Chem 2010; 285:32689-32694. [PMID: 20660598 PMCID: PMC2963353 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.147199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PA1b (pea albumin 1, subunit b) is a small and compact 37-amino acid protein, isolated from pea seeds (Pisum sativum), that adopts a cystine knot fold. It acts as a potent insecticidal agent against major pests in stored crops and vegetables, making it a promising bioinsecticide. Here, we investigate the influence of individual residues on the structure and bioactivity of PA1b. A collection of 13 PA1b mutants was successfully chemically synthesized in which the residues involved in the definition of PA1b amphiphilic and electrostatic characteristics were individually replaced with an alanine. The three-dimensional structure of PA1b was outstandingly tolerant of modifications. Remarkably, receptor binding and insecticidal activities were both dependent on common well defined clusters of residues located on one single face of the toxin, with Phe-10, Arg-21, Ile-23, and Leu-27 being key residues of the binding interaction. The inactivity of the mutants is clearly due to a change in the nature of the side chain rather than to a side effect, such as misfolding or degradation of the peptide, in the insect digestive tract. We have shown that a hydrophobic patch is the putative site of the interaction of PA1b with its binding site. Overall, the mutagenesis data provide major insights into the functional elements responsible for PA1b entomotoxic properties and give some clues toward a better understanding of the PA1b mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Da Silva
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA-Lyon), IFR-41, UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions, Université de Lyon, Bâtiment Louis Pasteur, F-69621 Villeurbanne.
| | - Isabelle Rahioui
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA-Lyon), IFR-41, UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions, Université de Lyon, Bâtiment Louis Pasteur, F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Christian Laugier
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA-Lyon), IFR-41, UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions, Université de Lyon, Bâtiment Louis Pasteur, F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Laurence Jouvensal
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, University of Orléans and INSERM, rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2
| | - Hervé Meudal
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, University of Orléans and INSERM, rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2
| | - Christophe Chouabe
- CNRS UMR 5123, Physiologie des Régulations Energétiques, Cellulaires et Moléculaires, Campus de la Doua, Université de Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Agnès F Delmas
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, University of Orléans and INSERM, rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2
| | - Frédéric Gressent
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA-Lyon), IFR-41, UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions, Université de Lyon, Bâtiment Louis Pasteur, F-69621 Villeurbanne
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Da Silva P, Strzepa A, Jouvensal L, Rahioui I, Gressent F, Delmas AF. A folded and functional synthetic PA1b: an interlocked entomotoxic miniprotein. Biopolymers 2009; 92:436-44. [PMID: 19399851 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PA1b (Pea Albumin 1, subunit b) is a hydrophobic, 37-amino acid miniprotein isolated from pea seeds (Pivum sativum), crosslinked by three interlocked disulfide bridges, signature of the ICK (inhibitory cystine-knot) family. It acts as an entomotoxic factor against major insect pests in stored crops and vegetables, making it a promising bioinsecticide. Here we report an efficient and simple protocol for the production of large quantities of highly pure, biologically active synthetic PA1b. The features of PA1b oxidative refolding revealed the off-pathway products and competitive aggregation processes. The efficiency of the oxidative folding can be significantly improved by using hydrophobic alcoholic cosolvents and decreasing the temperature. The homogeneity of the synthetic oxidized PA1b was established by reversed-phase HPLC. The correct pairing of the three disulfide bridges, as well as the three-dimensional structure of synthetic PA1b was assessed by NMR. Synthetic PA1b binds to microsomal proteins from Sitophilus oryzae with a Kd of 8 nM, a figure quite similar to that determined for PA1b extracted from its natural source. Moreover, the synthetic miniprotein was as potent as the extracted one towards the sensitive strains of weevils. Our findings will open the way to the production of PA1b analogues by chemical means to an in-depth understanding of the PA1b mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Da Silva
- Université de Lyon, INRA, INSA-Lyon, IFR-41, UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Villeurbanne, France
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Bagavan A, Rahuman AA, Kamaraj C, Geetha K. Larvicidal activity of saponin from Achyranthes aspera against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2008; 103:223-9. [PMID: 18392726 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-0962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol leaf extracts of Acalypha indica, Achyranthes aspera, Leucas aspera, Morinda tinctoria and Ocimum sanctum were studied against the early fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti L and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h exposure. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in the ethyl acetate extract of A. aspera. In the present study, bioassay-guided fractionation of A. aspera led to the separation and identification ofa saponin as a potential mosquito larvicidal compound, with LC50 value of 18.20 and 27.24 ppm against A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data confirmed the identification of the active compound. This is the first report on the mosquito larvicidal activity of the saponin from the ethyl acetate extract of A. aspera. This study investigates the potential of crude extracts from commonly used medical herbs in India as an environmentally safe measure to control the vector of dengue and lymphatic filariasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bagavan
- Unit of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, India
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Sherma J. Review of advances in the thin layer chromatography of pesticides: 2004-2006. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2007; 42:429-40. [PMID: 17474023 DOI: 10.1080/03601230701316440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Applications of thin layer chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography for the separation, detection, and qualitative and quantitative determination of pesticides, other agrochemicals, and related compounds are reviewed for the period from July 1, 2004 to November 1, 2006. Analyses are covered for a variety of samples, such as food, crops, biological, environmental, pharmaceuticals, and formulations, and for residues of pesticides of various types, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, belonging to different chemical classes. In addition to references on residue analysis, studies such as pesticide-structure relationships, metabolism, degradation, and lipophilicity are covered, many of which make use of thin layer radiochromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042-1782, USA.
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Gruber CW, Cemazar M, Anderson MA, Craik DJ. Insecticidal plant cyclotides and related cystine knot toxins. Toxicon 2007; 49:561-75. [PMID: 17224167 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotides are small disulphide-rich peptides found in plants from the violet (Violaceae), coffee (Rubiaceae) and cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) families. They have the distinguishing structural features of a macrocyclic peptide backbone and a cystine knot made up of six conserved cysteine residues, which makes cyclotides exceptionally stable. Individual plants express a suite of cyclotides in a wide range of tissue types, including leaves, flowers, stems and roots and it is thought that their natural function in plants is as defence agents. This proposal is supported by their high expression levels in plants and their toxic and growth retardant activity in feeding trials against Helicoverpa spp. insect pests. This review describes the structures and activities of cyclotides with specific reference to their insecticidal activity and compares them with structurally similar cystine knot proteins from peas (Pisum sativum) and an amaranthus crop plant (Amaranthus hypocondriancus). More broadly, cystine knot proteins are common in a wide range of organisms from fungi to mammals, and it appears that this interesting structural motif has evolved independently in different organisms as a stable protein framework that has a variety of biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Gruber
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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O'Gara JE, Wyndham KD. Porous Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Particles in Reversed‐Phase Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600574747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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