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Pérez-Lucas G, Navarro G, Navarro S. Understanding How Chemical Pollutants Arise and Evolve in the Brewing Supply Chain: A Scoping Review. Foods 2024; 13:1709. [PMID: 38890939 PMCID: PMC11171931 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a critical review was carried out using the Web of ScienceTM Core Collection database to analyse the scientific literature published to date to identify lines of research and future perspectives on the presence of chemical pollutants in beer brewing. Beer is one of the world's most popular drinks and the most consumed alcoholic beverage. However, a widespread challenge with potential implications for human and animal health is the presence of physical, chemical, and/or microbiological contaminants in beer. Biogenic amines, heavy metals, mycotoxins, nitrosamines, pesticides, acrylamide, phthalates, bisphenols, microplastics, and, to a lesser extent, hydrocarbons (aliphatic chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic), carbonyls, furan-derivatives, polychlorinated biphenyls, and trihalomethanes are the main chemical pollutants found during the beer brewing process. Pollution sources include raw materials, technological process steps, the brewery environment, and packaging materials. Different chemical pollutants have been found during the beer brewing process, from barley to beer. Brewing steps such as steeping, kilning, mashing, boiling, fermentation, and clarification are critical in reducing the levels of many of these pollutants. As a result, their residual levels are usually below the maximum levels allowed by international regulations. Therefore, this work was aimed at assessing how chemical pollutants appear and evolve in the brewing process, according to research developed in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simón Navarro
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, School of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.P.-L.); (G.N.)
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Pérez-Lucas G, Navarro G, Navarro S. Comprehensive Review on Monitoring, Behavior, and Impact of Pesticide Residues during Beer-Making. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1820-1836. [PMID: 36651341 PMCID: PMC9896562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the impact of beer-making stages (malting, mashing, boiling, and fermentation) on the behavior of pesticide residues. The large use of pesticides on barley and hop could cause the occurrence of their residues in beer. The foremost factors influencing the stability of residues (pH, temperature, and water content) and the physical-chemical properties of pesticides (octanol-water partition coefficient, vapor pressure, and water solubility) are essential to know their final fate. Most pesticides show a decrease in the unhopped wort because they are adsorbed onto the spent grains after mashing. In addition, their concentrations decrease during boiling and fermentation. Generally, maltsters should dedicate particular attention to the residues of hydrophobic pesticides because they can remain on the malt. Contrarily, brewers should control residues of hydrophilic pesticides because they can be carried over into young beer, disturbing the quality and organoleptic properties (flavor, aroma, taste, or color) of the beer.
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Xiang T, Xu X, Xu L, Liu L, Xu C, Kuang H. Gold-based immunochromatographic strip assay for detecting dimethomorph in vegetables. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gold-based immunochromatographic strip assay for detecting dimethomorph in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Dong J, Feng Z, Kang S, An M, Wu G. Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetic amino modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the fast determination of seven pesticide residues in water samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2747-2756. [PMID: 32930306 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and simple analytical method based on magnetic solid-phase extraction with magnetic amino modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is reported for the determination of seven pesticides (futriafol, metalaxyl, myclobutanil, napropamide, epoxiconazole, fipronil and diniconazole) in water samples. In this study, magnetic amino modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes were synthesized and selected as a new kind of material to adsorb pesticides in the water samples. Various magnetic solid-phase extraction parameters, such as the amount and type of adsorbent, extraction methods, extraction time, the type and volume of desorption solvent, desorption time and solution ionic strength, were systematically optimized. Under optimum conditions, the method validation results showed good linearity and recoveries. The calibration curves were in the range of 1.0-100 ng mL-1 for napropamide, epoxiconazole, metalaxyl, and fipronil, while they were 5.0-500 ng mL-1 for futriafol, myclobutanil, and diniconazole, with determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.9909. The limits of quantification were 1.0-5.0 ng mL-1 and the limits of detection were 0.3-1.5 ng mL-1. The recoveries of the seven pesticides ranged from 80.4% to 103.2%. This developed method, which is more convenient and effective in comparison with traditional methods, has been successfully applied for the analysis of pesticides in water samples qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaNi Dong
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
| | - ZhiAo Feng
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
| | - SongSong Kang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
| | - Ming An
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
| | - GuoDong Wu
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
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Dong Y, Zheng W, Chen D, Li X, Wang J, Wang Z, Chen Y. Click Reaction-Mediated T2 Immunosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Pesticide Residues via Brush-like Nanostructure-Triggered Coordination Chemistry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9942-9949. [PMID: 31403785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We develop an ultrasensitive T2-mediated immunosensor based on the coordination chemistry and Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azide andalkyne (CuAAC) and apply it for the detection of pesticide residues. We functionalize polyglutamic acid (PGA) on polystyrene to form a brush-like nanostructure that has a large loading capacity of Cu(II) through the coordination chemistry between PGA and Cu(II). Such a brush-like nanostructure could be used to chelate Cu(II) to modulate the CuAAC between azide-functionalized 1000 nm polystyrene (PS1000) and alkyne-functionalized 30 nm magnetic nanoparticles (MNP30), and the MNP30-PS1000 conjugate as a product of CuAAC can act as a magnetic probe in this T2-based immunosensor. This click chemistry and coordination chemistry-mediated immunosensor allows for an ultrasensitive detection for chlorpyrifos residue (0.022 ng/mL), a 58-fold enhancement compared with that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1.28 ng/mL), providing a promising platform for detection of trace small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Ministry of Education, Wuhan , China
| | - Wenshu Zheng
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 Beiyitiao , ZhongGuanCun , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Da Chen
- Center for Aircraft Fire and Emergency , Civil Aviation University of China , Tianjin 300300 , China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Ministry of Education, Wuhan , China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Ministry of Education, Wuhan , China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Ministry of Education, Wuhan , China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Ministry of Education, Wuhan , China
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6
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Leghissa A, Hildenbrand ZL, Schug KA. The imperatives and challenges of analyzing Cannabis edibles. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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7
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Lima TS, A. La-Scalea M, Raminelli C, Simões FR, Franco E, da Silva GD, Salvador MA, Homem-de-Mello P, de Oliveira HPM, Codognoto L. Voltammetric determination of chlorothalonil and its respective reduction mechanism studied by density functional theory. J Solid State Electrochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-018-4162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Omote M, Harayama K, Sasaki T, Mochizuki N, Yamashita H. Analysis of Simultaneous Screening for 277 Pesticides in Malt and Beer by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-64-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Omote
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K. Harayama
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T. Sasaki
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - N. Mochizuki
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - H. Yamashita
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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9
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Zhao W, Zhao J, Zhao H, Cao Y, Liu W. Supramolecular solvent-based vortex-mixed microextraction: Determination of chiral triazole fungicide in beer samples. Chirality 2018; 30:302-309. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China); Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Jianzhuang Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China); Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China); Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Yueyang Cao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Weitong Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
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10
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Insights into the recognition of dimethomorph by disulfide bridged β–cyclodextrin and its high selective fluorescence sensing based on indicator displacement assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:737-744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Determination of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil using a methacrylate-based polymer modified with gold nanoparticles as solid-phase extraction sorbent. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:243-250. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Dispersive microextraction based on magnetic polypyrrole nanowires for the fast determination of pesticide residues in beverage and environmental water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4765-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Zhang F, Wang L, Zhou L, Wu D, Pan H, Pan C. Residue dynamics of pyraclostrobin in peanut and field soil by QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 78:116-122. [PMID: 22153304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A modified QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS (acronym of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) method for the analysis of pyraclostrobin residue in peanut and soil was developed and validated. Pyraclostrobin residue dynamics and final residues in supervised field trials at Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) conditions in peanut and soil were studied. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) for pyraclostrobin in soil, plant, shell and peanut samples were 0.00057, 0.00026, 0.003 and 0.0037 mg kg(-1), respectively. At fortification levels of 0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mg kg(-1) in all samples, it was shown that recoveries ranged from 80.3% to 109.4% with relative standard deviations of 1.1-8.2% (n=5). The dissipation experiments showed the half-lives (T(1/2)) of pyraclostrobin in soil and plants were 13.1-16.5 days and 10.3-11.2 days, respectively. At pre-harvest intervals (PHI) of 14, 21 and 28 days, pyraclostrobin residue were 0.005-0.20 mg kg(-1) in soil, 0.006-0.27 mg kg(-1) in plants, below 0.053 mg kg(-1) in shells and not detectable in peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzu Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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14
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Rapid and sensitive detection of methyl-parathion pesticide with an electropolymerized, molecularly imprinted polymer capacitive sensor. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Chen D, Chen Z, Xu K, Tang B. Studies on the supramolecular interaction between dimethomorph and disulfide linked β-cyclodextrin dimer by spectrofluorimetry and its analytical application. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4424-4428. [PMID: 21480595 DOI: 10.1021/jf200343b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular interaction of disulfide linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) dimer and dimethomorph has been studied by spectrofluorimetry. Based on the significant enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of dimethomorph, a new spectrofluorimetric method with high sensitivity and selectivity was developed for the determination of dimethomorph in bulk aqueous in the presence of the disulfide linked β-CD dimer. The inclusion complexation behavior of β-CD dimer with dimethomorph was studied in a KH(2)PO(4)-H(3)PO(4) buffer solution of pH 3.86 at room temperature. The apparent association constant of the complex was 2.25 × 10(4) L/mol. The linear range was 12-7500 ng/mL with the detection limit 3.70 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification was 12.4 ng/mL. The proposed method had been successfully applied to the determination of dimethomorph residues in vegetables with recoveries of 89.0-115%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P R China
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Hapten synthesis, monoclonal antibody generation, and development of competitive immunoassays for the analysis of picoxystrobin in beer. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 682:93-103. [PMID: 21056720 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the original synthesis of a functionalized derivative of the fungicide picoxystrobin and the generation of the first reported monoclonal antibodies against this strobilurin pesticide. The synthetic hapten was prepared by total synthesis from commercial chemicals and incorporating the spacer arm through a carbon-carbon single bond. Also, to obtain the immunogen, an uncommon hapten activation strategy based on N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate was employed, affording high activation yields and clean and reproducible coupling results. With these immunoreagents, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed: a competitive one-step assay using the antibody-coated direct ELISA format and a competitive two-step assay with the conjugate-coated indirect ELISA procedure. Both immunoassays were characterized in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, tolerance to solvents and matrix effects, achieving limits of detection below 0.2 μgL(-1). The optimized assays were used for the determination of picoxystrobin residues in beer, with recovery values ranging between 90 and 121% for the direct assay and from 79 to 122% for the indirect assay.
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Viñas P, Martínez-Castillo N, Campillo N, Hernández-Córdoba M. Liquid–liquid microextraction methods based on ultrasound-assisted emulsification and single-drop coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determining strobilurin and oxazole fungicides in juices and fruits. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6569-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Stir bar sorptive extraction coupled to liquid chromatography for the analysis of strobilurin fungicides in fruit samples. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4529-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang K, Wong JW, Hayward DG, Sheladia P, Krynitsky AJ, Schenck FJ, Webster MG, Ammann JA, Ebeler SE. Multiresidue pesticide analysis of wines by dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:4019-4029. [PMID: 19371141 DOI: 10.1021/jf9000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A multiresidue pesticide method is described for the determination of 72 pesticides in wines. Pesticides were extracted using acetonitrile saturated with magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride, followed by solid-phase dispersive cleanup using primary-secondary amine and graphitized carbon black sorbents. Analysis is performed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The limits of quantitation (LOQs) for most of the pesticides ranged from 0.3 to 3.3 μg/L with the exception of cyromazine, fenhexamid, and acibenzolar S-methyl (LOQ > 10 μg/L), and quantitation was determined from calibration curves of standards containing 5.0-2500 μg/L with r(2) > 0.99. Recovery studies were performed by fortifying wine samples with the pesticides to concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L, resulting in recoveries of >80% for most of the pesticides. Lower (<70%) and higher (>120%) recoveries were most likely from complications of pesticide lability or volatility, matrix interference, or inefficient desorption from the solid-phase sorbents. The method was used to analyze 10 wines collected from a market basket survey, and 19 different pesticides, primarily fungicides, were present at concentrations ranging from <1.0 to 1000 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-706, US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, USA
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Etxebarria N, Zuloaga O, Olivares M, Bartolomé LJ, Navarro P. Retention-time locked methods in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1624-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Viñas P, Campillo N, Martínez-Castillo N, Hernández-Córdoba M. Method development and validation for strobilurin fungicides in baby foods by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Bolaños PP, Romero-González R, Frenich AG, Vidal JLM. Application of hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction for the multiresidue determination of pesticides in alcoholic beverages by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1208:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Viñas P, Aguinaga N, Campillo N, Hernández-Córdoba M. Comparison of stir bar sorptive extraction and membrane-assisted solvent extraction for the ultra-performance liquid chromatographic determination of oxazole fungicide residues in wines and juices. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1194:178-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Raina R, Sun L. Trace level determination of selected organophosphorus pesticides and their degradation products in environmental air samples by liquid chromatography-positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2008; 43:323-332. [PMID: 18437620 DOI: 10.1080/03601230801941667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a new analytical method for determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) along with their degradation products involving liquid chromatography (LC) positive ion electrospray (ESI+) tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) with selective reaction monitoring (SRM). Chromatography was performed on a Gemini C6-Phenyl (150 mmx2.0 mm, 3 microm) with a gradient elution using water-methanol with 0.1% formic acid, 2 mM ammonium acetate mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min(-1). The LC separation and MS/MS operating conditions were optimized with a total analysis time less than 40 minutes. Method detection limits of 0.1-5 microg L(-1) for selected organophosphorus pesticides (OP), OP oxon degradation products, and other degradation products: 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP); 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidol (IMP); and diethyl phosphate (DEP). Some OPs such as fenchlorphos are less sensitive (MDL 30 microg L(-1)). Calibration curves were linear with coefficients of correlation better than 0.995. A three-point identification approach was adopted with area from first selective reaction monitoring (SRM) transition used for quantitative analysis, while a second SRM transition along with the ratio of areas obtained from the first to second transition are used for confirmation with sample tolerance established by the relative standard deviation of the ratio obtained from standards. This new method permitted the first known detection of OP oxon degradation products including chlorpyrifos oxon at Bratt's Lake, SK and diazinon oxon and malathion oxon at Abbotsford, BC in atmospheric samples. Atmospheric detection limits typically ranged from 0.2-10 pg m(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Raina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Trace Analysis Facility (TAF), University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
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Viñas P, Campillo N, Aguinaga N, Martínez-Castillo N, Hernández-Córdoba M. Solid-phase microextraction for the gas chromatography mass spectrometric determination of oxazole fungicides in malt beverages. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1425-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Garrido-Frenich A, Romero-González R, Martínez-Vidal JL, Plaza-Bolaños P, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Herrera-Abdo MA. Characterization of recovery profiles using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for the determination of pesticide residues in meat samples. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:315-21. [PMID: 16950323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of the recovery factor with the analyte concentration in meat samples has been studied for the determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in meat by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). For that purpose, recent IUPAC recommendations, which distinguishes between two terms, recovery factor and apparent recovery, have been followed. Besides, the systematic error due to the matrix effect has been evaluated by a new term recently proposed, calibration recovery. Recovery profiles were obtained analyzing spiked blank matrix, where the analytes were added before and after the extraction procedure. In a first step, the quantification of the compounds was carried out using a solvent calibration curve. The systematic errors due to the matrix effect during the quantification step and the error due to the sample treatment have been evaluated. Both apparent and calibration recovery components depend on the actual analyte concentration in the sample while the recovery factor remains constant except for analyte concentration close to quantification limit. In addition, the concentration limits, from which an acceptable recovery value (70-110%) can be obtained, are given. If spiked samples are quantified by matrix-matched calibration, the matrix effect is minimized and the calibration recovery component is 100%, and apparent recovery only depends on the recovery factor. The obtained values indicate recovery factor does not depend on the analyte concentration, except for those values closed to quantification limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garrido-Frenich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, E-04071 Almería, Spain
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Petropoulou SSE, Tsarbopoulos A, Siskos PA. Determination of carbofuran, carbaryl and their main metabolites in plasma samples of agricultural populations using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:1444-56. [PMID: 16865341 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the determination of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate), carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) and their main metabolites in human blood plasma. Optimization of the isolation of the compounds from plasma matrix included the precipitation, denaturation and digestion of plasma proteins. Derivatization was achieved by the use of trifluoroacetic acid anhydride and was optimized for temperature, time and volume of derivatization agent. In the proposed method, a mild precipitation technique was applied using beta-mercaptoethanol and ascorbic acid in combination with solid-phase extraction technique using Oasis HLB (Hydrophobic Lipophilic Balance) cartridges for further clean up of samples. Carbamate linkage was not hydrolyzed to its phenol product, but both carbamate phenol and ketones were transformed into trifluoroacetyl derivatives in order to become volatile compounds and were determined using tandem mass spectrometry. The linearity of the method was shown for nine concentrations in the range of 0.50-250 ng mL(-1) in fortified plasma aliquots. Limits of detection (LODs) for all compounds ranged from 0.015-0.151 ng mL(-1). Inter-day and intra-day assays (RSD) for all compounds, at three concentration levels of 2.5, 25 and 100 ng mL(-1) (n=3) in fortified plasma samples were less than 18%. Accuracy (%E (r)) was calculated at three concentration levels, 8, 80 and 160 ng mL(-1) (n=3), and ranged from -12.0 to 15.0%. Matrix effect was evaluated so mean recoveries were calculated for all compounds and ranged from 81-107%. Specificity for the use of this method to biological monitoring studies was achieved including four main metabolites of CF, 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol from the naphthalene metabolism pathways, and both the parent compound of carbofuran and carbaryl. The proposed method was applied to plasma samples of pesticide users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrago-Styliani E Petropoulou
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 100 Othonos str., 145 62, Kifissia, Greece
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:693-704. [PMID: 15880598 DOI: 10.1002/jms.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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