1
|
Chai W, Wu Y, Li X, Zeng S, Cheng Y, Jiang W, Pan Q, Xia X, Chen G. Relationships between degree of polymerization and activities: A study on condensed tannins from the bark of Ficus altissima. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133306. [PMID: 38909729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Condensed tannins were isolated from the bark of Ficus altissima and fractionated into four subcomponents on a Sephadex LH-20 column with 60 %, 80 %, 100 % methanol, and 70 % acetone, separately. Their structures were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS and confirmed to be polymers of B-type procyanidin glucosides, procyanidins, and prodelphinidin glucosides. The degree of polymerization (DP) of these polymers was as high as 21, and the mDPs of the four subcomponents were calculated as 2.4, 6.6, 10.5 and 13.4, respectively. They competitively or noncompetitively suppressed the activities of tyrosinase and α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. And they also showed a powerful antioxidative activity. Correlation analyses verified that the anti-tyrosinase capacity exhibited a significant positive correlation (R2monophenolase = 0.9167 and R2diphenolase = 0.9302) with mDP within the methanol-water system, and the anti-α-glucosidase activity also showed a significant positive correlation with the mDP (R2 = 0.9187). In contrast, the antioxidant capability showed a significant negative correlation with the mDP (R2DPPH = 0.9258, R2ABTS = 0.9372). This study confirmed that condensed tannins from the bark of F. altissima were desirable anti-tyrosinase, anti-α-glucosidase, and antioxidant agents, and elucidated the relationships of their mDP (molecular weight) and activities, which provided a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of these polymers in the food, cosmetics, medicine and other fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chai
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Yifeng Wu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Shanmei Zeng
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Wumei Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiuxia Pan
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xiaolei Xia
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Jiangxi Guangya Food Co., Ltd, Le 'an, Fuzhou, Jiangxi 330022, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamauchi K, Soyano M, Kobayashi M, Kamatari YO, Mitsunaga T. Protein aggregation model to explain the bioactivity of condensed tannins. Food Chem 2023; 416:135870. [PMID: 36898342 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Tannins are involved in the taste of foods and multi bioactivity of traditional herbal medicines. The characteristics of tannins are believed to derive from their connectivity with proteins. However, the mode of interaction between proteins and tannins is not yet understood because of the complexity of the tannin structure. Then this study aimed to elucidate the detail binding mode of tannin and protein by the 1H-15N HSQC NMR method using the 15N-labeled MMP-1that have not been used so far. The HSQC results suggested cross-link sites between MMP-1s, which cause protein aggregation and inhibit MMP-1 activity. This study presents the first 3D protein aggregation model of condensed tannins, which is important for understanding the bioactivity of polyphenols. Furthermore, it can broaden the understanding of the range of interactions between other proteins and polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Yamauchi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Mayu Soyano
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido 501-1193 Gifu, Japan
| | - Miho Kobayashi
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuji O Kamatari
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tohru Mitsunaga
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang M, Chen T, Wang Q, Shi Y. Antioxidant, Bacteriostatic and Preservative Effects of Extractable Condensed Tannins Isolated from Longan Pericarps and Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:512. [PMID: 36771597 PMCID: PMC9921410 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the process of longan production and processing, a large amount of remnants is produced, such as dried longan pericarps and seeds, which have been reported to be rich in polyphenols but not effectively utilized. In this paper, the total phenolic contents in the remnants of longan pericarps and seeds were found to be 39.58 ± 3.54 and 69.53 ± 1.99 mg/g (DW), respectively, accounting for 60-80% of those in fresh samples. The contents of extractable condensed tannins (ECTs) in the remnants of longan pericarps and seeds were 19.25 ± 6.71 mg/g (DW) and 44.59 ± 2.05 mg/g (DW), respectively, accounting for 60-70% of the fresh samples. These data indicate that the polyphenols in the remnants of the sampled longan pericarps and seeds were effectively retained. The antioxidant capacity of ECTs from the longan pericarps and seeds was more than 60% of the fresh samples measured with the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine and ferric reducing ability of plasma methods. Further exploration showed that ECTs from the longan pericarps and seeds had significant inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the longan pericarp ECTs on all four studied bacteria was 3 mg/mL. The MIC of longan seed ECTs on Salmonella was 3 mg/mL, and that of the other three bacteria was 1.5 mg/mL. In view of the good antioxidant and antibacterial activities of longan pericarps and seeds, we applied them to the preservation of fresh-cut lotus roots. When the concentration of ECTs in the longan pericarps and seeds was 2 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively, the two kinds of ECTs showed an obvious preservative effect. After the ECT treatment of the lotus roots, their browning degree was reduced, their color was better maintained, their respiration was inhibited and their nutrient loss was reduced. Bacterial reproduction was inhibited, and cell senescence was slowed. Accordingly, the shelf life of ECT-treated fruits and vegetables can be effectively extended. Overall, we can suggest that ECTs from the remnants of dried longan pericarps and seeds could be used as natural preservatives for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Université de Paris, CiTCoM-UMR 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Life Sciences Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia B, Wei Z, Kong X, Xia S, Gan L, Han S. Antioxidant Properties of Larch Tannins with Different Mean Polymerization Degrees: Controlled Degradation Based on Hydroxyl Radical Degradation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9367-9376. [PMID: 35866722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical produced by hydrogen peroxide decomposition under UV radiation was used to degrade larch tannins in an environmentally friendly manner. The formaldehyde reactivity of the degraded products was used as an index to control the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of the degraded products, and the effects of different mDP on the antioxidant activity of tannins were studied. Results showed that hydroxyl radical could significantly reduce the degree of polymerization (DP) and molecular weight (Mw) of larch tannins, and the mDP and Mw of degraded products could be controlled by considering the formaldehyde reactivity as the index. The antioxidant activity of larch tannins increased with the decrease in mDP. When the degradation time was 6 h, the formaldehyde reactivity was the highest at 0.823. The antioxidant activity of the degraded product was excellent, and the free radical scavenging rate was more than 98%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenyu Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiangnan Kong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shitao Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Gan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuguang Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sosnowska D, Podsędek A, Kucharska AZ. Proanthocyanidins as the main pancreatic lipase inhibitors in chokeberry fruits. Food Funct 2022; 13:5616-5625. [PMID: 35506494 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase inhibitors are recognized as important in strategies for the management of overweight and obesity. The phytocompounds in chokeberry fruit show multidirectional pro-health effects, including anti-obesity activity. The aims of this study were to fractionate and identify the phenolic compounds of chokeberry fruit phenolic-rich extract that are active as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Phenolic compounds were fractionated using Sephadex LH-20 resin, followed by polyphenol profile analysis using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, while pancreatic inhibitory activity was determined using 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate and emulsified triolein as enzyme substrates. Among the six fractions isolated from extract, two fractions rich in highly polymerized proanthocyanidins showed the greatest ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity. In comparison, fractions containing mainly low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins, were 11-64 times less active. The most active fraction showed a mixed mode of pancreatic lipase inhibition, as determined by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis, and exhibited a cumulative effect with orlistat. This study shows that black chokeberry polyphenols, particularly highly polymerized procyanidins, can effectively inhibit pancreatic lipase activity determined by in vitro methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sosnowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Alicja Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Advances on the Antioxidant Activity of a Phytocomplex Product Containing Berry Extracts from Romanian Spontaneous Flora. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of a phytocomplex product obtained using 10% hydroalcoholic extractive solutions, in equal proportions, from Ribes nigrum, Rubus idaeus, Rubus fruticosus and Fragaria moschata fresh fruits harvested from the spontaneous flora of Romania. These plant products were recognized for their rich antioxidant content. The phytochemical profile was assessed using HPLC chromatography and UV-Vis spectrometry. The obtained results highlighted the presence of complex bioactive compounds with antioxidant actions, namely anthocyanins, proanthocyanins and vitamin C. The antioxidant actions of the hydroalcoholic extractive solutions and the phytocomplex product were evaluated using chemiluminescence, electrochemical and superoxide dismutase (SOD) methods. The experimental results showed evident antioxidant activity in both the hydroalcoholic extracts and the phytocomplex product.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang H, Cao Y, Liu L, Zhang Y, Li W, Tu P, Li J, Song Y. High-level structural analysis of proanthocyanidins using full collision energy ramp-MS2 spectrum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 211:114634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
8
|
Jian X, Zhang J. Component and Structure of Aspergillus flavipes sp.-Biodegraded Bayberry Tannins: A Potential Routine for Condensed Tannin Cleaner Degradation and Disposal. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5809-5816. [PMID: 35224341 PMCID: PMC8867483 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical degradation is widely used for producing lower-molecular-weight tannin compounds and tannin disposal, but it has negative effects on the environment, such as causing secondary pollution and consuming energy. For overcoming these disadvantages, a cleaner and sustainable degradation and disposal method for condensed tannins was developed through biodegradation. In this study, bayberry tannin solution, one kind of condensed tannin, was biodegraded by Aspergillus flavipes sp. at first; then, gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were used for separating the biodegraded and original tannins to analyze the differences in components; finally, the changes in the tannin structure after biodegradation were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that the high-molecular-weight components decreased while the low-molecular-weight components increased when bayberry was subjected to A. flavipes sp. biodegradation; furthermore, the molecular weight of the biodegraded bayberry tannin decreased from 3371 to 2658 Da. Meanwhile, the structure of bayberry tannin polyflavonoids, especially A ring and C ring together with the galloyl group, was destroyed and some small fragments were generated during biodegradation. These structural changes resulted in the increase of low-molecular-weight phenols but the decrease of polyflavonoids after bayberry biodegradation. These would be the pieces of evidence showing that A. flavipes sp. consumed simple phenols as nourishment for growth and converted polyflavonoids into low-molecular-weight substances at the same time. To sum up, biodegradation can be used in every field where condensed tannins should be degraded or removed for a cleaner and ecofriendly routine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Jian
- Key
Laboratory for Leather Chemistry and Engineering of the Education
Ministry, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Key
Laboratory for Leather Chemistry and Engineering of the Education
Ministry, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
- College
of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan
University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Structure Analysis and Study of Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Lotus Roots. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051369. [PMID: 33806398 PMCID: PMC7961348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam is a mangrove plant that spread in many parts of the world. Though mangrove plant polyphenols have been reported to exhibit many biological activities, little is known about mangrove plant tannins. To explore the application value of tannins from B. gymnorhiza, analyses on the structure and biological activity of condensed tannins (CTs) from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam were carried out. The results from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) showed that the CTs were dominated by procyanidins, with a small quantity of prodelphinidins and propelargonidins; and that the monomeric constituents of B. gymnorhiza tannins were catechin/epicatechin, gallocatechin/epigallocatechin and afzelechin/epiafzelechin. The CTs were reversible and mixed competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase and the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) was estimated to be 123.90 ± 0.140 μg/mL. The antioxidant activities of CTs from B. gymnorhiza leaves were evaluated, the IC50 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) (ABTS) scavenging activities were 88.81 ± 0.135 and 105.03 ± 0.130 μg/mL, respectively, and the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value was 1052.27 ± 4.17 mgAAE/g. In addition, the results from fresh-keeping assays on fresh-cut lotus root reveal that CTs from B. gymnorhiza had excellent effects on inhibiting the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), protecting fresh-cut lotus root from the oxidation of total phenolics and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and slowing the increase in total phenol content (TPC) at 4 °C during the whole storage period. Therefore, CTs showed good effects against the browning of fresh-cut lotus root. Together, these results suggested that B. gymnorhiza CTs are promising antibrowning agents for fresh-cut fruits.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen MC, Liu TT, Wang JP, Chen YP, Chen QX, Zhu YJ, Liu B. Strong inhibitory activities and action modes of lipopeptides on lipase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:897-905. [PMID: 32216480 PMCID: PMC7170388 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1734798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides have been reported to exhibit anti-obesity effects. In this study, we obtained a Bacillus velezensis strain FJAT-52631 that could coproduce iturins, fengycins, and surfactins. Results showed that the FJAT-52631 crude lipopeptide, purified fengycin, iturin, and surfactin standards exhibited strong inhibition activities against lipase with dose-dependence manners (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.011, 0.005, 0.056, and 0.005 mg/mL, respectively). Moreover, fengycin and surfactin had the comparable activities with orlistat, but iturin not. It was revealed that the inhibition mechanism and type of the lipopeptides were reversible and competitive. The quenching mechanism of lipase was static and only one binding site between lipase and lipopoeptide was inferred from the fluorescence analysis. The docking analysis displayed that fengycin and surfactin could directly interact with the active amino acid residues (Ser or Asp) of lipase, but not with iturin. Our work suggests that the B. velezensis lipopeptides would have great potential to act as lipase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Chen
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wang
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Chen
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhu
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nguyen VB, Ton TQ, Nguyen DN, Nguyen TT, Ngu TN, Nguyen TH, Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen MT, Ho ND, Nguyen AD, Kuo YH, Wang SL. Reclamation of beneficial bioactivities of herbal antioxidant condensed tannin extracted from Euonymus laxiflorus. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Zeng YX, Wang S, Wei L, Cui YY, Chen YH. Proanthocyanidins: Components, Pharmacokinetics and Biomedical Properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:813-869. [PMID: 32536248 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a group of polyphenols enriched in plant and human food. In recent decades, epidemiological studies have upheld the direct relationship between PA consumption and health benefits; therefore, studies on PAs have become a research hotspot. Although the oral bioavailability of PAs is quite low, pharmacokinetics data revealed that some small molecules and colonic microbial metabolites of PAs could be absorbed and exert their health beneficial effects. The pharmacological effects of PAs mainly include anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and metabolism-regulation behaviors. Moreover, current toxicological studies show that PAs have no observable toxicity to humans. This review summarizes the resources, extraction, structures, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and toxicology of PAs and discusses the limitations of current studies. Areas for further research are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma S, Qin H, Jiang M, Wang J, Wang W, Guo G, Zhou L, Chen W, Han B. Identification and Comparison of Tannins in Gall of Rhus chinensis Mill. and Gall of Quercus infectoria Oliv. by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:403-410. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gall of Rhus chinensis Mill. (Chinese galls) and gall of Quercus infectoria Oliv. (Turkish galls) have similar applications and chemical compositions, and their extracts have been widely used for industrial production and for medicinal applications. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) methods were established for profiling the components of Chinese galls and Turkish galls. Compounds representing 96.56 and 99.15% of the total peak area of Chinese galls and Turkish galls were identified. The results identified that the ellagic acid, galloyl-HHDP-glucose and pedunculagin act as the identifying markers for the comparison of Chinese galls and Turkish galls in HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The peak area of tetragalloyl-glucoside, heptagalloyl-glucoside and pentagalloyl-glucoside can be used to distinguish these two phytomedicines. This work provides a reference for the study of the chemical composition of Chinese galls and Turkish galls, which not only introduce a simple and reliable method to prevent the adulteration or misuse of Chinese galls and Turkish galls but also lay the foundations for clarifying the material basis of their similar pharmacological action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, No.17, section 3, renmin south road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, No.17, section 3, renmin south road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ou-Yang C, Chai W, Xu X, Song S, Wei Q, Huang Q, Zou Z. Inhibitory potential of proanthocyanidins from the fruit pulp of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels against α-glucosidase and non-enzymatic glycation: Activity and mechanism. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Yoshimura M, Amakura Y, Hyuga S, Hyuga M, Nakamori S, Maruyama T, Oshima N, Uchiyama N, Yang J, Oka H, Ito H, Kobayashi Y, Odaguchi H, Hakamatsuka T, Hanawa T, Goda Y. Quality Evaluation and Characterization of Fractions with Biological Activity from Ephedra Herb Extract and Ephedrine Alkaloids-Free Ephedra Herb Extract. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:140-149. [PMID: 32009081 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that the c-Met inhibitory effect of Ephedra Herb extract (EHE) is derived from ingredients besides ephedrine alkaloids. Moreover, analgesic and anti-influenza activities of EHE and ephedrine alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract (EFE) have been reported recently. In this study, we examined the fractions containing c-Met kinase inhibitory activity from EHE and the fractions with analgesic and anti-influenza activities from EFE, and elucidated the structural characteristics of the active fractions. Significant c-Met kinase activity was observed in 30, 40, and 50% methanol (MeOH) eluate fractions obtained from water extract of EHE using Diaion HP-20 column chromatography. Similarly, 20 and 40% MeOH, and MeOH eluate fractions obtained from water extract of EFE were found to display analgesic and anti-influenza activities. Reversed phase-HPLC analysis of the active fractions commonly showed broad peaks characteristic of high-molecular mass condensed tannin. The active fractions were analyzed using 13C-NMR and decomposition reactions; the deduced structures of active components were high-molecular mass condensed tannins, which were mainly procyanidin B-type and partly procyanidin A-type, including pyrogallol- and catechol-type flavan 3-ols as extension and terminal units. HPLC and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses estimated that the ratio of pyrogallol- and catechol-type was approximately 9 : 2, and the weight-average molecular weight based on the polystyrene standard was >45000. Furthermore, GPC-based analysis was proposed as the quality evaluation method for high-molecular mass condensed tannin in EHE and EFE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sumiko Hyuga
- Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University
| | | | - Shunsuke Nakamori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | | | - Naohiro Oshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | | | | | - Hideki Oka
- Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Central Research Laboratories
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, Okayama Prefectural University
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang Q, Chai WM, Ma ZY, Deng WL, Wei QM, Song S, Zou ZR, Peng YY. Antityrosinase mechanism of ellagic acid in vitro and its effect on mouse melanoma cells. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12996. [PMID: 31659813 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The activities of ellagic acid in inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase and cell proliferation were evaluated in this research. The results of enzyme kinetics indicated that ellagic acid could effectively inhibit tyrosinase activity. The value of the semi-inhibitory rate (IC50 ) was 0.2 ± 0.05 mM. Ellagic acid inhibited tyrosinase activity in a reversible manner and was a mixed tyrosinase inhibitor. Furthermore, ellagic acid had a good inhibitory effect on the proliferation of mouse melanoma B16 cells and could induce apoptosis. The results acquired from fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the interaction of ellagic acid with tyrosinase depended on hydrogen bond and electrostatic force. In addition, computational docking showed that ellagic acid interacted with amino acid residues of tyrosinase (Asn19 and Lys372) by hydrogen bond and produced electrostatic interaction with amino residue Lys18. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the present research, the antityrosinase mechanism of ellagic acid and its effect on mouse melanoma cells were investigated. This study suggested that ellagic acid had a strong inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and cell proliferation,which laid an experimental foundation for the development of new drugs and whitening products. The combined multispectral methods used in this research can be applied to the screening of other antityrosinase inhibitors, further promoting the development and utilization of tyrosinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zuo-Yuan Ma
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Liang Deng
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi-Ming Wei
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zou
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Peng
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gong CF, Wang YX, Wang ML, Su WC, Wang Q, Chen QX, Shi Y. Evaluation of the Structure and Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from Acanthus ilicifolius Linn and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Fuji Apples. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:855-870. [PMID: 31131419 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTS) have been isolated and purified from leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. And their structures were investigated by three methods: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The results showed that the CTS were a mixture of catechin/epicatechin, galatechin/epicatechin, and amphicin/epigalin, and that the polymer chain lengths were 3-mers to 14-mers. Antityrosinase activities and antioxidant activities of the CTS from A. ilicifolius leaves were further studied. The IC50 of the CTS on mushroom tyrosinase activity was determined to be 19.7 ± 0.13 μg/mL, and inhibition type analyses indicated that the CTS were mixed type inhibitors and their inhibition CTS was reversible. The CTS from A. ilicifolius leaves also exhibited potential antioxidant activity. The IC50 of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities were 104 ± 0.894 μg/mL and 86 ± 0.616 μg/mL, respectively. And the FRAP value was 758.28 ± 2.42 mg AAE/g. In addition, we found that the CTS from A. ilicifolius leaves had an excellent effect on preserving the quality of fresh-cut apples by preventing apples from browning through reducing polyphenol oxidase activities in apples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fang Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Yu-Xia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Meng-Li Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Wei-Chao Su
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Six New Methyl Apiofuranosides from the Bark of Phellodendron chinense Schneid and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101851. [PMID: 31091775 PMCID: PMC6572284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemical investigation on 70% EtOH extract from the bark of Phellodendron chinense Schneid (Rutaceae) led to six new methyl apiofuranosides (1–6), and ten known compounds (7–16). All these compounds were characterized by the basic analysis of the spectroscopic data including extensive 1D-, 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC), and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and the absolute configurations were determined by both empirical approaches and NOESY. Inhibitory effects of compounds 1–9 and 11–16 on nitric oxide production were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated RAW 264.7 cells, as a result, most of these isolates inhibited nitric oxide (NO) release, and among them 9, 11, and 12 displayed the strongest inhibition on NO release at the concentration of 12.5 μM.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhong M, Huang S, Wang H, Huang Y, Xu J, Zhang L. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pigment from Dioscorea cirrhosa by response surface methodology and evaluation of its stability. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1576-1585. [PMID: 35518037 PMCID: PMC9059569 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07455k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of Dioscorea cirrhosa pigment (DCP). The results demonstrated that the yield of DCP is the highest (32.27%) when acetone volume fraction is 74%, extraction time is 31 min, and the temperature is 54 °C. Next, the effects of pH, temperature, light, metal ions, reductants and oxidants on the stability of DCP were further evaluated to confirm the best storage conditions of DCP. The results showed that DCP should be stored at a wide pH range of 3 to 9, below 80 °C and away from light. Metal ions such as Fe2+, Fe3+, and Ti4+ can destabilize DCP, while K+, Al3+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ have little impact on DCP. Moreover, DCP showed good anti-reduction and poor anti-oxidization properties. These results might provide the basic data and theoretical guidance for the application of DCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shiya Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yuelong Huang
- Guangzhou Jiao Zi Daily Chemical Co., Ltd. Guangzhou 510315 China
| | - Jianren Xu
- Guangzhou Jiao Zi Daily Chemical Co., Ltd. Guangzhou 510315 China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Inhibitory mechanism and molecular analysis of furoic acid and oxalic acid on lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1925-1934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
21
|
Salminen JP. Two-Dimensional Tannin Fingerprints by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Offer a New Dimension to Plant Tannin Analyses and Help To Visualize the Tannin Diversity in Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9162-9171. [PMID: 30136834 PMCID: PMC6203188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tannins are large-molecular-weight plant polyphenols that are produced in fruits, berries, leaves, flowers, seeds, stems, and roots of woody and non-woody plants. Hundreds and thousands of individual tannin structures are consequently found in many kinds of natural food and feed products. The huge structural variability in tannins is reflected as vast bioactivity differences between them but not in the accuracy of their typical analysis methods. Here, I show how the modern liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods can be used to obtain new types of two-dimensional tannin fingerprints to better visualize both the tannin content and diversity in plants with just one 10 min analysis per sample.
Collapse
|
22
|
Nguyen VB, Wang SL, Nguyen TH, Nguyen MT, Doan CT, Tran TN, Lin ZH, Nguyen QV, Kuo YH, Nguyen AD. Novel Potent Hypoglycemic Compounds from Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. and Their Effect on Reducing Plasma Glucose in an ICR Mouse Model. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081928. [PMID: 30072618 PMCID: PMC6222451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibitors (aGIs) have been used as an effective therapy for type-2 diabetes, which remains a global health issue. The aim of this study was to achieve bioactivity-guided isolation, identification and evaluation of hypoglycemic compounds from Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. trunk bark (ELCTB). Eleven active compounds were isolated and identified as walterolactone A/B β-d-pyranoglucoside (1), 1-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzene (9), (−)-gallocatechin (10), schweinfurthinol 9-O-β-d-pyranoglucoside (11), 1-O-(3-methyl)-butenoyl-myo-inositol (12), leonuriside (14), (+)-catechin (19), methyl galloate (20), (−)-catechin (23), and condensed tannins (5 and 18). Of these 11, novel 4 compounds (1, 11, 12, and 14) were found as new α-glucosidase inhibitors. Notably, in vitro results indicated that compounds 1, 5, 10–12, 18, and 19 showed potent activity (IC50 = 0.076−31 µg/mL), and their activities were at a higher level than that of acarbose, a commercial inhibitor (IC50 = 1345 µg/mL). In animal tests, the major inhibitor, condensed tannin (18), demonstrated significant reduction of plasma glucose in mice with no symptoms of diarrhea at the dose of 100 mg/kg bw. The results suggest that Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. is a rich source of bioactive compounds for development as health food or drugs with potent hypoglycemic effect. The results of this study also enriched the current novel biological activities of constituents from Euonymus laxiflorus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Thi Hanh Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Minh Trung Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Quang Vinh Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chai WM, Ou-Yang C, Huang Q, Lin MZ, Wang YX, Xu KL, Huang WY, Pang DD. Antityrosinase and antioxidant properties of mung bean seed proanthocyanidins: Novel insights into the inhibitory mechanism. Food Chem 2018; 260:27-36. [PMID: 29699669 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the structure, antioxidant activity, antityrosinase activity and mechanism of proanthocyanidins from mung bean seed [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. The structural composition were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), electrospray ionization-full-mass spectrometry (ESI-Full-MS), and high-pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) techniques. The mung bean seed proanthocyanidins were composed of procyanidins, prodelphinidins, and their rhamnosides. According to enzyme kinetic analysis, these compounds were potent, reversible, and mixed-type inhibitors of tyrosinase. They inhibited the enzyme activity by interacting with enzyme as well as substrates. The results of molecular docking showed that the interaction between mung bean seed proanthocyanidins and tyrosinase was driven by hydrogen bond, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. In addition, mung bean seed proanthocyanidins were demonstrated as powerful antioxidants. Therefore, this study confirmed a novel tyrosinase inhibitor and would lay a scientific foundation for their utilization in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Chong Ou-Yang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qian Huang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Lin
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Ying-Xia Wang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Kai-Li Xu
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Wen-Yang Huang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Dan-Dan Pang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chai WM, Huang Q, Lin MZ, Ou-Yang C, Huang WY, Wang YX, Xu KL, Feng HL. Condensed Tannins from Longan Bark as Inhibitor of Tyrosinase: Structure, Activity, and Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:908-917. [PMID: 29313327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the content, structure, antityrosinase activity, and mechanism of longan bark condensed tannins were evaluated. The findings obtained from mass spectrometry demonstrated that longan bark condensed tannins were mixtures of procyanidins, propelargonidins, prodelphinidins, and their acyl derivatives (galloyl and p-hydroxybenzoate). The enzyme analysis indicated that these mixtures were efficient, reversible, and mixed (competitive is dominant) inhibitor of tyrosinase. What's more, the mixtures showed good inhibitions on proliferation, intracellular enzyme activity and melanogenesis of mouse melanoma cells (B16). From molecular docking, the results showed the interactions between inhibitors and tyrosinase were driven by hydrogen bond, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions. In addition, high levels of total phenolic and extractable condensed tannins suggested that longan bark might be a good source of tyrosinase inhibitor. This study would offer theoretical basis for the development of longan bark condensed tannins as novel food preservatives and medicines of skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Huang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Zhen Lin
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Ou-Yang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yang Huang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xia Wang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Li Xu
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Feng
- Zigong Innovation Center of Zhejiang University , Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nguyen VB, Wang SL, Nguyen AD, Vo TPK, Zhang LJ, Nguyen QV, Kuo YH. Isolation and identification of novel α-amylase inhibitors from Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
26
|
Inhibition of tyrosinase by cherimoya pericarp proanthocyanidins: Structural characterization, inhibitory activity and mechanism. Food Res Int 2017; 100:731-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Wei M, Chai WM, Yang Q, Wang R, Peng Y. Novel Insights into the Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins from Pyracantha fortuneana
Fruit on α-Glucosidase. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2260-2268. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mankun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science; Jiangxi Normal Univ.; Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science; Jiangxi Normal Univ.; Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Province Nanchang; Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science; Jiangxi Normal Univ.; Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science; Jiangxi Normal Univ.; Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science; Jiangxi Normal Univ.; Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Province Nanchang; Jiangxi 330022 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Orejola J, Matsuo Y, Saito Y, Tanaka T. Characterization of Proanthocyanidin Oligomers of Ephedra sinica. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081308. [PMID: 28783085 PMCID: PMC6152249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephedra sinica, an important plant in Chinese traditional medicine, contains a complex mixture of proanthocyanidin oligomers as major constituents; however, only the minor components have been chemically characterized. In this study, oligomers with relatively large molecular weights, which form the main body of the proanthocyanidin fractions, were separated by adsorption and size-exclusion chromatography. Acid-catalyzed degradation in the presence of mercaptoethanol or phloroglucinol led to the isolation of 18 fragments, the structures of which were elucidated from their experimental and TDDFT-calculated ECD spectra. The results indicated that (−)-epigallocatechin was the main extension unit, while catechin, the A-type epigallocatechin–gallocatechin dimer, and the A-type epigallocatechin homodimer, were identified as the terminal units. Among the degradation products, thioethers of gallocatechin with 3,4-cis configurations, a B-type prodelphinidin dimer, a prodelphinidin trimer with both A- and B-type linkages, and a prodelphinidin dimer with an α-substituted A-type linkage were new compounds. In addition, a phloroglucinol adduct of an A-type prodelphinidin dimer, a doubly-linked phloroglucinol adduct of epigallocatechin, and a unique product with a flavan-3-ol skeleton generated by the rearrangement of the aromatic rings were also isolated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Orejola
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Matsuo
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Saito
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pereira B, Brazón J, Rincón M, Vonasek E. Browplasminin, a condensed tannin with anti-plasmin activity isolated from an aqueous extract of Brownea grandiceps Jacq. flowers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:282-290. [PMID: 28089737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Following Venezuelan traditional medicine, females with heavy menstrual blood loss (menorrhagia) drink Brownea grandiceps Jacq. flowers (BG) decoctions to reduce the bleeding. In a previous study, we demonstrated that BG aqueous extract (E) possesses a potent anti-fibrinolytic activity capable of inhibiting plasmin, the main serine-protease that degrades fibrin. It is widely known that plasmin inhibitors are often used as anti-fibrinolytics to reduce bleeding during surgeries with high risk of blood loss such as cardiac, liver, vascular, tooth extraction and large orthopedic procedures, as well as for menorrhagia treatments. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize from BGE the compound responsible for the reported anti-fibrinolytic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A decoction of BG was prepared; then it was homogenized, centrifuged and lyophilized to obtain BGE. Subsequently the extract was fractionated by gel filtration and reverse phase using HPLC and the active compound was characterized by MALDI-ToF MS. The kinetic parameters of anti-plasmin activity were evaluated by an amidolytic assay using a chromogenic substrate; also the anti-plasmin activity was estimated by fibrin plate method. Data were analyzed by nonparametric statistics. RESULTS The active compound was a condensed tannin denominated Browplasminin, which is capable of inhibiting the plasmin activity in a dose-dependent manner when measured in fibrin plates or by the amidolytic activity method; it also has a minor effect on the FXa activity. However, it does not affect the activity of other serine-proteases such as trypsin, t-PA or u-PA. Browplasminin consists predominately of heteroflavan-3-ols of catechin with B-type linkages, and extents up to heptadecamers (~ 5000Da), with hexose residues attached to the polymer that presents a high degree of galloylation. Its IC50 for plasmin was 47.80μg/mL and for FXa was 237.08μg/mL, while the Ki were 0.76 and 61.61μg/mL for plasmin and FXa, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The overall outcome of this study suggests that Browplasminin could be responsible for reducing heavy menstrual bleeding in women because its kinetic parameters showed that is a good plasmin inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betzabeth Pereira
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Celular, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Josmary Brazón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Celular, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
| | - Mónica Rincón
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Estructural, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Eva Vonasek
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Estructural, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Navarro-Hoyos M, Lebrón-Aguilar R, Quintanilla-López JE, Cueva C, Hevia D, Quesada S, Azofeifa G, Moreno-Arribas MV, Monagas M, Bartolomé B. Proanthocyanidin Characterization and Bioactivity of Extracts from Different Parts of Uncaria tomentosa L. (Cat's Claw). Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E12. [PMID: 28165396 PMCID: PMC5384175 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from alkaloids, bioactive properties of Uncaria tomentosa L. have been attributed to its phenolic constituents. Although there are some reports concerning low-molecular-weight polyphenols in U. tomentosa, its polymeric phenolic composition has been scarcely studied. In this study, phenolic-rich extracts from leaves, stems, bark and wood (n = 14) of Uncaria tomentosa plants from several regions of Costa Rica were obtained and analysed in respect to their proanthocyanidin profile determined by a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyser (ESI-QTOF MS). Main structural characteristics found for U. tomentosa proanthocyanidins were: (a) monomer composition, including pure procyanidins (only composed of (epi)catechin units) and propelargonidins (only composed of (epi)afzelechin units) as well as mixed proanthocyanidins; and (b) degree of polymerization, from 3 up to 11 units. In addition, U. tomentosa phenolic extracts were found to exhibit reasonable antioxidant capacity (ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) values between 1.5 and 18.8 mmol TE/g) and antimicrobial activity against potential respiratory pathogens (minimum IC50 of 133 µg/mL). There were also found to be particularly cytotoxic to gastric adenocarcinoma AGS and colon adenocarcinoma SW620 cell lines. The results state the particularities of U. tomentosa proanthocyanidins and suggest the potential value of these extracts with prospective use as functional ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Sede Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Rosa Lebrón-Aguilar
- Institute of Physical Chemistry "Rocasolano", CSIC,C/ Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | | | - Carolina Cueva
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - David Hevia
- IUOPA-Redox Biology Group, Department of Cellular Morphology and Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria 6, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Silvia Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Sede Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Gabriela Azofeifa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Sede Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 2060, Costa Rica.
| | | | - María Monagas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chai WM, Lin MZ, Feng HL, Zou ZR, Wang YX. Proanthocyanidins purified from fruit pericarp of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels as efficient tyrosinase inhibitors: structure evaluation, inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism. Food Funct 2017; 8:1043-1051. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The characterization, anti-tyrosinase activity and cytotoxicity against B16 mouse melanoma cells of proanthocyanidins purified from the fruit pericarp of C. lansium are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Mei-Zhen Lin
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Hui-Ling Feng
- Zigong Innovation Center of Zhejiang University
- Zigong
- China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zou
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Ying-Xia Wang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Antonio AL, Pereira E, Pinela J, Heleno S, Pereira C, Ferreira IC. Determination of Antioxidant Compounds in Foodstuff. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119160588.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
33
|
A Computational Tool for Accelerated Analysis of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins in Plants. J Food Compost Anal 2016; 56:124-133. [PMID: 28924329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A computational tool was developed to facilitate proanthocyanidin analysis using data collected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-high resolution accurate mass-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-HRAM-MS). Both identification and semi-quantitation of proanthocyanidins can be achieved by the developed computational tool. It can extract proanthocyanidin chromatographic peaks, deconvolute the isotopic patterns of A-type, B-type, and multi-charged proanthocyanidins ions, and predict proanthocyanidin structures. Proanthocyanidins were quantified by an external calibration curve of catechin and molar relative response factors (MRRFs) of proanthocyanidins. Quantitation results including concentrations of total proanthocyanidins, individual proanthocyanidins, and proanthocyanidins with different degrees of polymerization and different types of linkage were calculated by the program and exported into an Excel spreadsheet automatically. The program was applied to the analysis of seven plant materials including apple, cranberry, dark chocolate, grape seed extract, jujube, litchi, and mangosteen. The identification results were compared with the results obtained by manual processing. The program can greatly save the time needed for the data analysis of proanthocyanidins.
Collapse
|
34
|
Deng YT, Liang G, Shi Y, Li HL, Zhang J, Mao XM, Fu QR, Peng WX, Chen QX, Shen DY. Condensed tannins from Ficus altissima leaves: Structural, antioxidant, and antityrosinase properties. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
35
|
Wang R, Chai WM, Yang Q, Wei MK, Peng Y. 2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-quinazolin-4(3H)-one as a novel tyrosinase inhibitor: Synthesis, inhibitory activity, and mechanism. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4620-4625. [PMID: 27527415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-quinazolin-4(3H)-one (FQ) was synthesized, and its structure was identified with (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR), (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). From the enzyme analysis, the results showed that it could inhibit the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase (IC50=120±2μM). Furthermore, the results of kinetic studies showed that the compound was a reversible mixed-type inhibitor, and that the inhibition constants were determined to be 703.2 (KI) and 222.1μM (KIS). The results of fluorescence quenching experiment showed that the compound could interact with tyrosinase and the substrates (tyrosine and l-DOPA). Molecular docking analysis revealed that the mass transfer rate was affected by FQ blocking the enzyme catalytic center. In brief, current study identified a novel tyrosinase inhibitor which deserved further study for hyperpigmentation drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Man-Kun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dauthal P, Mukhopadhyay M. AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles: Single step biofabrication, structural characterization and catalytic activity. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
37
|
Chai WM, Wang R, Wei MK, Zou ZR, Deng RG, Liu WS, Peng YY. Proanthocyanidins Extracted from Rhododendron pulchrum Leaves as Source of Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Structure, Activity, and Mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145483. [PMID: 26713623 PMCID: PMC4700988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the structure, anti-tyrosinase activity, and mechanism of proanthocyanidins extracted from Rhododendron pulchrum leaves. Results obtained from mass spectra of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) revealed that proanthocyanidins were complex mixtures of procyanidins, prodelphinidins, propelargonidins, and their derivatives, among which procyanidins were the main components. The anti-tyrosinase analysis results indicated that the mixtures were reversible and mixed competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase. Interactions between proanthocyanidins with substrate (L-tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and with copper ions were the important molecular mechanisms for explaining their efficient inhibition. This research would provide scientific evidence for the use of R. pulchrum leaf proanthocyanidins as new novel tyrosinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WMC); (YYP)
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Kun Wei
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zou
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Gen Deng
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Sheng Liu
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yuan Peng
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WMC); (YYP)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Oroian M, Escriche I. Antioxidants: Characterization, natural sources, extraction and analysis. Food Res Int 2015; 74:10-36. [PMID: 28411973 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently many review papers regarding antioxidants from different sources and different extraction and quantification procedures have been published. However none of them has all the information regarding antioxidants (chemistry, sources, extraction and quantification). This article tries to take a different perspective on antioxidants for the new researcher involved in this field. Antioxidants from fruit, vegetables and beverages play an important role in human health, for example preventing cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and lowering the incidence of different diseases. In this paper the main classes of antioxidants are presented: vitamins, carotenoids and polyphenols. Recently, many analytical methodologies involving diverse instrumental techniques have been developed for the extraction, separation, identification and quantification of these compounds. Antioxidants have been quantified by different researchers using one or more of these methods: in vivo, in vitro, electrochemical, chemiluminescent, electron spin resonance, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance, near infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Oroian
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania.
| | - Isabel Escriche
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IUIAD), Food Technology Department (DTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zeller WE, Ramsay A, Ropiak HM, Fryganas C, Mueller-Harvey I, Brown RH, Drake C, Grabber JH. ¹H-¹³C HSQC NMR spectroscopy for estimating procyanidin/prodelphinidin and cis/trans-flavan-3-ol ratios of condensed tannin samples: correlation with thiolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1967-1973. [PMID: 25629428 DOI: 10.1021/jf504743b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies with a diverse array of 22 purified condensed tannin (CT) samples from nine plant species demonstrated that procyanidin/prodelphinidin (PC/PD) and cis/trans-flavan-3-ol ratios can be appraised by (1)H-(13)C HSQC NMR spectroscopy. The method was developed from samples containing 44-∼100% CT, PC/PD ratios ranging from 0/100 to 99/1, and cis/trans ratios ranging from 58/42 to 95/5 as determined by thiolysis with benzyl mercaptan. Integration of cross-peak contours of H/C-6' signals from PC and of H/C-2',6' signals from PD yielded nuclei-adjusted estimates that were highly correlated with PC/PD ratios obtained by thiolysis (R(2) = 0.99). cis/trans-Flavan-3-ol ratios, obtained by integration of the respective H/C-4 cross-peak contours, were also related to determinations made by thiolysis (R(2) = 0.89). Overall, (1)H-(13)C HSQC NMR spectroscopy appears to be a viable alternative to thiolysis for estimating PC/PD and cis/trans ratios of CT if precautions are taken to avoid integration of cross-peak contours of contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne E Zeller
- U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1925 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cui Y, Liang G, Hu YH, Shi Y, Cai YX, Gao HJ, Chen QX, Wang Q. Alpha-substituted derivatives of cinnamaldehyde as tyrosinase inhibitors: inhibitory mechanism and molecular analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:716-722. [PMID: 25547255 DOI: 10.1021/jf505469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-substituted derivatives of cinnamaldehyde (alpha-bromocinnamaldehyde, alpha-chlorocinnamaldehyde, and alpha-methylcinnamaldehyde) were used as inhibitors on mushroom tyrosinase. The result showed that three compounds can reduce both monophenolase and diphenolase activity on tyrosinase, and the inhibition was reversible. The IC50 values of alpha-bromocinnamaldehyde, alpha-chlorocinnamaldehyde, and alpha-methylcinnamaldehyde were 0.075, 0.140, and 0.440 mM on monophenolase and 0.049, 0.110, and 0.450 mM on diphenolase, respectively. The inhibition types and constants on diphenolase for these inhibitors were further studied. The molecular inhibition mechanisms of tyrosinase by the derivatives were investigated by UV-scanning study, fluorescence quenching, and molecular docking. These assays demonstrated that the derivatives could decrease the formation of o-quinones, and all derivatives were static quenchers of mushroom tyrosinase. Docking results implied that they could not form metal interactions with the copper ions of the enzyme, whereas they could interact with the amino acid residues of active site center. This research on alpha-substituted derivatives of cinnamaldehyde as tyrosinase inhibitors would lead to advances in the field of antityrosinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou HC, Tam NFY, Lin YM, Ding ZH, Chai WM, Wei SD. Relationships between degree of polymerization and antioxidant activities: a study on proanthocyanidins from the leaves of a medicinal mangrove plant Ceriops tagal. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107606. [PMID: 25313980 PMCID: PMC4196849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins from the leaves of a medicinal mangrove plant, Ceriops tagal, were purified and fractionated on Sephadex LH-20 columns. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), reversed/normal high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDT-TOF MS) analysis showed that the tannins were predominantly B-type procyanidins with minor A-type linkages, galloyl and glucosyl substitutions, and a degree of polymerization (DP) up to 33. Thirteen subfractions of the procyanidins were successfully obtained by a modified fractionation method, and their antioxidant activities were investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. All these subfractions exhibited potent antioxidant activities, and eleven of them showed significantly different mean DP (mDP) ranging from 1.43±0.04 to 31.77±1.15. Regression analysis demonstrated that antioxidant activities were positively correlative with mDP when around mDP <10, while dropped and then remained at a level similar to mDP = 5 with around 95 µg ml−1 for DPPH scavenging activity and 4 mmol AAE g−1 for FRAP value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Futian-CityU Mangrove R&D Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (HCZ); (NFYT)
| | - Nora Fung-yee Tam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Futian-CityU Mangrove R&D Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (HCZ); (NFYT)
| | - Yi-Ming Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shu-Dong Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lin LZ, Sun J, Chen P, Monagas M, Harnly JM. UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMSn profiling method to identify and quantify oligomeric proanthocyanidins in plant products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9387-400. [PMID: 25032782 PMCID: PMC4181120 DOI: 10.1021/jf501011y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins were successfully identified by UHPLC-PDA-HRMS(n) in a selection of plant-derived materials (jujube fruit, Fuji apple, fruit pericarps of litchi and mangosteen, dark chocolate, and grape seed and cranberry extracts). The identities of 247 proanthocyanidins were theoretically predicted by computing high-accuracy masses based on the degree of polymerization, flavan-3-ol components, and the number of A type linkages and galloyls. MS(n) fragments allowed characterization on flavan-3-ol based on the monomer, connectivity, and location of A-type bonds. Identification of doubly or triply charged ions of 50 PAs was made on the basis of theoretical calculations. A single catechin standard and molar relative response factors (MRRFs) were used to quantify the well-separated PAs. The ratios of the SIM peak counts were used to quantify each of the unseparated isomers. This is the first report of direct determination of each of the proanthocyanidins in plant-derived foods and proanthocyanidins containing an epifisetinidol unit in grape seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ze Lin
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161,
BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161,
BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161,
BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Maria
J. Monagas
- United States Pharmacopeia, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - James M. Harnly
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161,
BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
García Marrero DE, Glasser WG, Pizzi A, Paczkowski S, Laborie MPG. Substitution pattern elucidation of hydroxypropyl Pinus pinaster (Ait.) bark polyflavonoid derivatives by ESI(-)-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:1050-1058. [PMID: 25303395 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The structure of condensed tannins (CTs) from Pinus pinaster bark extract and their hydroxypropylated derivatives with four degrees of substitution (DS 1, 2, 3 and 4) has been characterized for the first time using negative-ion mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-MS/MS). The results showed that P. pinaster bark CTs possess structural homogeneity in terms of monomeric units (C(15), catechin). The oligomer sizes were detected to be dimers to heptamers. The derivatives showed typical phenyl-propyl ether mass fragmentation by substituent elimination (58 amu) and inherent C(15) flavonoid fissions. The relative abundance of the product ions revealed a preferential triple, tetra-/penta- and octa- hydroxypropylation substitution pattern in the monomer, dimer and trimer derivatives, respectively. A defined order of -OH reactivity towards propylene oxide was established by means of multistage experiments (A-ring ≥ B-ring > C-ring). A high structural heterogeneity of the modified oligomers was detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny E García Marrero
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum-FMF, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany; Chair of Forest Biomaterials, University of Freiburg, D-79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chai WM, Shi Y, Feng HL, Xu L, Xiang ZH, Gao YS, Chen QX. Structure characterization and anti-tyrosinase mechanism of polymeric proanthocyanidins fractionated from kiwifruit pericarp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6382-6389. [PMID: 24939165 DOI: 10.1021/jf501009v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To provide information on the structure, activity, and structure-activity relationship of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) pericarp proanthocyanidins (PAs), they were separated into three fractions. These fractions were further identified by MALDI-TOF MS and HPLC-ESI-MS methods. Spectra results revealed that they are complex mixtures of B-type propelargonidins, procyanidins, procyanidins gallate, and prodelphinidins. Enzymatic activity analysis showed that these compounds strongly inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, indicating that they are reversible and mixed-type inhibitors of the enzyme. The results obtained from fluorescence quenching showed PAs inhibit the enzyme activity by interacting with substrate and enzyme. This study confirmed that the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of PAs produces a positive effect on their anti-tyrosinase activity. In addition, the antioxidant analysis indicated that PAs possess potent antioxidant activity. These conclusions mean kiwifruit pericarp PAs may be explored as insecticides, food preservatives, and cosmetic additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Polymerization degrees, molecular weights and protein-binding affinities of condensed tannin fractions from a Leucaena leucocephala hybrid. Molecules 2014; 19:7990-8010. [PMID: 24927368 PMCID: PMC6270696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTs) form insoluble complexes with proteins and are able to protect them from degradation, which could lead to rumen bypass proteins. Depending on their degrees of polymerization (DP) and molecular weights, CT fractions vary in their capability to bind proteins. In this study, purified condensed tannins (CTs) from a Leucaena leucocephala hybrid were fractionated into five different molecular weight fractions. The structures of the CT fractions were investigated using 13C-NMR. The DP of the CT fractions were determined using a modified vanillin assay and their molecular weights were determined using Q-TOF LC-MS. The protein-binding affinities of the respective CT fractions were determined using a protein precipitation assay. The DP of the five CT fractions (fractions F1-F5) measured by the vanillin assay in acetic acid ranged from 4.86 to 1.56. The 13C-NMR results showed that the CT fractions possessed monomer unit structural heterogeneity. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) of the different fractions were 1265.8, 1028.6, 652.2, 562.2, and 469.6 for fractions F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5, respectively. The b values representing the CT quantities needed to bind half of the maximum precipitable bovine serum albumin increased with decreasing molecular weight--from fraction F1 to fraction F5 with values of 0.216, 0.295, 0.359, 0.425, and 0.460, respectively. This indicated that higher molecular weight fractions of CTs from L. leucocephala have higher protein-binding affinities than those with lower molecular weights.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen XX, Liang G, Chai WM, Feng HL, Zhou HT, Shi Y, Chen QX. Antioxidant and antityrosinase proanthocyanidins from Polyalthia longifolia leaves. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:583-7. [PMID: 24863181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the structure of proanthocyanidins from Polyalthia longifolia leaves was characterized with (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance, high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses. The results showed that the proanthocyanidins were mixture of homopolymers of B-type procyanidins with degree of polymerization up to 14-mer. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the proanthocyanidins was studied through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free-radical scavenging activities, and ferric reducing/antioxidant power assays. In addition, antityrosinase activity of the proanthocyanidins was investigated. The IC50 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free-radical scavenging activity of the proanthocyanidins were 89.32 ± 12.07 and 76.79 ± 5.88 μg/mL, respectively; the ferric reducing/antioxidant power value was 710.54 ± 142.82 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry weight. The IC50 for antityrosinase activity was 773.09 ± 1.47 μg/mL. In conclusion, the proanthocyanidins from P. longifolia leaves exhibited potent antioxidant and antityrosinase activities. This research would provide scientific evidence for the use of proanthocyanidins from P. longifolia leaves as antioxidant and antityrosinase agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Ge Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Hui-Ling Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Han-Tao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Feng HL, Tian L, Chai WM, Chen XX, Shi Y, Gao YS, Yan CL, Chen QX. Isolation and Purification of Condensed Tannins from Flamboyant Tree and Their Antioxidant and Antityrosinase Activities. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:179-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
48
|
Chen XX, Shi Y, Chai WM, Feng HL, Zhuang JX, Chen QX. Condensed tannins from Ficus virens as tyrosinase inhibitors: structure, inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91809. [PMID: 24637701 PMCID: PMC3956756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins from Ficus virens leaves, fruit, and stem bark were isolated and their structures characterized by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that the leaves, fruit, and stem bark condensed tannins were complex mixtures of homo- and heteropolymers of B-type procyanidins and prodelphinidins with degrees of polymerization up to hexamer, dodecamer, and pentadecamer, respectively. Antityrosinase activities of the condensed tannins were studied. The results indicated that the condensed tannins were potent tyrosinase inhibitors. The concentrations for the leaves, fruit, and stem bark condensed tannins leading to 50% enzyme activity were determined to be 131.67, 99.89, and 106.22 μg/ml on monophenolase activity, and 128.42, 43.07, and 74.27 μg/ml on diphenolase activity. The inhibition mechanism, type, and constants of the condensed tannins on the diphenolase activity were further investigated. The results indicated that the condensed tannins were reversible and mixed type inhibitors. Fluorescence quenching, copper interacting, and molecular docking techniques were utilized to unravel the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition. The results showed that the hydroxyl group on the B ring of the condensed tannins could chelate the dicopper irons of the enzyme. Moreover, the condensed tannins could reduce the enzyme product o-quinones into colourless compounds. These results would contribute to the development and design of antityrosinase agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Chen
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui-Ling Feng
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiang-Xing Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen XX, Feng HL, Ding YM, Chai WM, Xiang ZH, Shi Y, Chen QX. Structure characterization of proanthocyanidins from Caryota ochlandra Hance and their bioactivities. Food Chem 2014; 155:1-8. [PMID: 24594146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) from Caryota ochlandra fruit pericarp and fruit flesh were characterized by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance, high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques. The fruit pericarp and flesh PAs were complex mixtures of homo- and heteropolymers of B-type procyanidins and prodelphinidins both with degrees of polymerization up to dodecamer. Their antioxidant and antityrosinase activities were investigated. The fruit pericarp PAs exhibited potent antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 142.86 ± 1.53 and 80.51 ± 0.4 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS free-radical scavenging assays; with FRAP value of 373.09 ± 5.02 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry weight. Furthermore, the fruit pericarp PAs had antityrosinase activity while the fruit flesh PAs could be oxidized by tyrosinase. The structure and antioxidant activities of the C. ochlandra fruit PAs together with their effects on tyrosinase activity would lay scientific foundation for their utilization in food and nutrition industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Chen
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui-Ling Feng
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu-Mei Ding
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Xiang
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chai WM, Chen CM, Gao YS, Feng HL, Ding YM, Shi Y, Zhou HT, Chen QX. Structural analysis of proanthocyanidins isolated from fruit stone of Chinese hawthorn with potent antityrosinase and antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:123-9. [PMID: 24313351 DOI: 10.1021/jf405385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins were isolated from fruit stone of Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br.). Their structures were analyzed and elucidated by methods of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The results demonstrated that these compounds are complicated mixtures of homo- and heteropolymers consisting of procyanidin/procyanidin gallate and prodelphinidin. They possessed structural heterogeneity in monomer units, polymer length, and interflavan linkage (A-type and B-type). Their antityrosinase and antioxidant activity were then investigated. The results revealed that they can inhibit tyrosinase activities, including the monophenolase activity and the diphenolase activity. In addition, proanthocyanidins possessed potent antioxidant activity. Our studies revealed that proanthocyanidins isolated from fruit stone of Chinese hawthorn may be applied in food, agriculture, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|