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Torra J, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, de Figueiredo MRA, Gaines TA, Jugulam M, Merotto A, Palma-Bautista C, Rojano-Delgado AM, Riechers DE. Metabolism of 2,4-D in plants: comparative analysis of metabolic detoxification pathways in tolerant crops and resistant weeds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39132883 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The commercialization of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) latifolicide in 1945 marked the beginning of the selective herbicide market, with this active ingredient playing a pivotal role among commercial herbicides due to the natural tolerance of monocots compared with dicots. Due to its intricate mode of action, involving interactions within endogenous auxin signaling networks, 2,4-D was initially considered a low-risk herbicide to evolve weed resistance. However, the intensification of 2,4-D use has contributed to the emergence of 2,4-D-resistant broadleaf weeds, challenging earlier beliefs. This review explores 2,4-D tolerance in crops and evolved resistance in weeds, emphasizing an in-depth understanding of 2,4-D metabolic detoxification. Nine confirmed 2,4-D-resistant weed species, driven by rapid metabolism, highlight cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in Phase I and glycosyltransferases in Phase II as key enzymes. Resistance to 2,4-D may also involve impaired translocation associated with mutations in auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) co-receptor genes. Moreover, temperature variations affect 2,4-D efficacy, with high temperatures increasing herbicide metabolism rates and reducing weed control, while drought stress did not affect 2,4-D efficacy. Research on 2,4-D resistance has primarily focused on non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms, including 2,4-D metabolic detoxification, with limited exploration of the inheritance and genetic basis underlying these traits. Resistance to 2,4-D in weeds is typically governed by a single gene, either dominant or incompletely dominant, raising questions about gain-of-function or loss-of-function mutations that confer resistance. Future research should unravel the physiological and molecular-genetic basis of 2,4-D NTSR, exploring potential cross-resistance patterns and assessing fitness costs that may affect future evolution of auxin-resistant weeds. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Torra
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida - Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | - Todd A Gaines
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mithila Jugulam
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Aldo Merotto
- Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dean E Riechers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Ghanizadeh H, He L, Griffiths AG, Harrington KC, Carbone V, Wu H, Tian K, Bo H, Xinhui D. A novel mutation in IAA16 is associated with dicamba resistance in Chenopodium album. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3675-3683. [PMID: 38459963 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to dicamba in Chenopodium album was first documented over a decade ago, however, the molecular basis of dicamba resistance in this species has not been elucidated. In this research, the resistance mechanism in a dicamba-resistant C. album phenotype was investigated using a transcriptomics (RNA-sequence) approach. RESULTS The dose-response assay showed that the resistant (R) phenotype was nearly 25-fold more resistant to dicamba than a susceptible (S) phenotype of C. album. Also, dicamba treatment significantly induced transcription of the known auxin-responsive genes, Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3), small auxin-up RNAs (SAURs), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) genes in the susceptible phenotype. Comparing the transcripts of auxin TIR/AFB receptors and auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (AUX/IAA) proteins identified from C. album transcriptomic analysis revealed that the R phenotype contained a novel mutation at the first codon of the GWPPV degron motif of IAA16, resulting in an amino acid substitution of glycine (G) with aspartic acid (D). Sequencing the IAA16 gene in other R and S individuals further confirmed that all the R individuals contained the mutation. CONCLUSION In this research, we describe the dicamba resistance mechanism in the only case of dicamba-resistant C. album reported to date. Prior work has shown that the dicamba resistance allele confers significant growth defects to the R phenotype investigated here, suggesting that dicamba-resistant C. album carrying this novel mutation in the IAA16 gene may not persist at high frequencies upon removal of dicamba application. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghanizadeh
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lulu He
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Kerry C Harrington
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Vincenzo Carbone
- AgResearch Grasslands Research Center, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Agronomy and Seed Industry, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Tian
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Bo
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Duan Xinhui
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Tong Y, Li YF, Yi SC, Fan DL, Qiu ZX, Wei CY, Huang MG, Zeng DQ, Tang WW. High aquaporin expression correlates with increased translocation of quinclorac from shoots to roots in resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:163-172. [PMID: 36111449 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis is a troublesome weed in rice fields and can be controlled by using quinclorac. However, over-reliance on quinclorac has resulted in resistant (R) barnyardgrass, which differs significantly in its ability to transport quinclorac compared to susceptible (S) barnyardgrass. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms for this different translocation between R and S barnyardgrass. RESULTS Larger amount of quinclorac was transferred from shoots to roots in R compared to S barnyardgrass. After 1 day of quinclorac [300 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha-1 ] foliar treatment, its content in shoots of R was 81.92% of that in S barnyardgrass; correspondingly, in roots of R was 1.17 fold of that in S barnyardgrass. RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed the expression levels of PIPs belonging to aquaporins (AQPs) in R were higher than in S barnyardgrass, with or without quinclorac treatment. With co-application of quinclorac and AQPs inhibitors [mercury(II) chloride (HgCl2 )] treatment, even though the expression levels of PIPs and the transport rates of quinclorac were both suppressed in R and S barnyardgrass, this process was less pronounced in R than in S barnyardgrass. CONCLUSION This report provides clear evidence that higher PIPs expression results in rapid quinclorac translocation from shoots to roots and reduces the quinclorac accumulation in the shoot meristems in R barnyardgrass, thus reducing the control efficacy of quinclorac. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Feng Li
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Chi Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Li Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Qiu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Yang Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Ge Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Qiang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wei Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
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Pan D, Xu Y, Ni Y, Zhang H, Hua R, Wu X. The efficient persistence and migration of Cupriavidus gilardii T1 contribute to the removal of MCPA in laboratory and field soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119220. [PMID: 35358633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of exogenous biodegradation strains in pesticide-polluted soils encounters the challenges of migration and persistence of inoculants. In this study, the degradation characteristics, vertical migration capacity, and microbial ecological risk assessment of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA)-degrading strain Cupriavidus gilardii T1 (EGFP) were investigated in the laboratory and field soils. The optimum remediation conditions for T1 (EGFP) was characterized in soils. Meanwhile, leaching experiments showed that T1 (EGFP) migrated vertically downwards in soil and contribute to the degradation of MCPA at different depths. After inoculation with T1 (EGFP), a high expression levels of EGFP gene was observed at 28 d in the laboratory soil and at 45 d in the field soil. The degradation rates of MCPA were ≥ 60% in the laboratory soil and ≥ 48% in the field soil, indicating that T1 (EGFP) can efficiently and continuously remove MCPA in both laboratory and field conditions. In addition, the inoculation of T1 (EGFP) not only showed no significant impact on the soil microbial community structure but also can alleviate the negative effects induced by MCPA to some extent. Overall, our findings suggested that T1 (EGFP) strain is an ecologically safe resource for the in situ bioremediation of MCPA-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Pan
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036, China; Research Academy of Green Development of Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yue Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yaxin Ni
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Houpu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036, China; Research Academy of Green Development of Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036, China; Research Academy of Green Development of Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036, China; Research Academy of Green Development of Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Barros RE, Mendes Reis M, Tuffi Santos LD, Fagundes Correia J, Fernandes de Souza R. Light availability in the cultivation environment and the action of glyphosate on Digitaria insularis: physiological aspects and herbicide root exudation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:597-607. [PMID: 35726612 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2088198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The root exudation decreases the susceptibility of some species to herbicides, which is still little studied in Digitaria insularis, popularly known as sourgrass, one of the main weeds of annual crops in the world. Thus, we sought to identify whether there is an occurrence of root exudation of glyphosate in D. insularis and the influence of this herbicide on physiological and control parameters of this species when cultivated under different light conditions. The experimental design was 2 x 5, with the first factor represented by environments: full sun and artificial shading. The second factor was represented by doses 0, 370, 740, 1110, and 1480 g ha-1 of glyphosate. The plants grown in shading showed more significant injury in the initial phase. The increase in the glyphosate doses reduced the photochemical efficiency of the photosystem II (ФPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency of D. insularis regardless of the cultivation environment. The light restriction increased the ФPSII in D. insularis at three days after applying the herbicide (DAH); at 6 DAH, the shaded plants showed a more pronounced reduction in ФPSII. D. insularis did not show root exudation of glyphosate, and shading did not influence this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Eduardo Barros
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hwang JI, Norsworthy JK, González-Torralva F, Piveta LB, Barber LT, Butts TR. Cross-resistance of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105089. [PMID: 35715035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Managing emerged weeds that have evolved resistance to acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides is a challenging task. A dose-response experiment was conducted on barnyardgrass biotypes resistant (R) and susceptible (S) to three aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides cyhalofop-butyl (CyB), fenoxaprop-ethyl (FeE), and quizalofop-ethyl (QuE) along with investigations into the potential resistance mechanism of these biotypes. The tested R barnyardgrass biotypes had strong resistance to CyB and FeE (resistant/susceptible ratio: 7.9-14.4) but weak resistance to QuE (resistant/susceptible ratio: 2.4-3.1). Absorption, translocation, and total metabolism of CyB and QuE were not associated with differences among S and R barnyardgrass biotypes. However, differences between S and R barnyardgrass were observed in production of active acid forms of each herbicide (cyhalofop-acid and quizalofop-acid). Production of cyhalofop-acid was >1.6-fold less in R barnyardgrass (3-8%) for 24 h after herbicide application than in the S barnyardgrass (8-16%). Meanwhile, production of quizalofop-acid was less in R barnyardgrass (< 14%) throughout the study period than in the S barnyardgrass (< 22%). Sequencing results of ACCase gene showed no difference between S and R barnyardgrass. Overall results show that a non-target-site resistance mechanism altering metabolism of CyB and QuE likely contributes to resistance of the barnyardgrass biotypes to these herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Hwang
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
| | - Jason K Norsworthy
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Fidel González-Torralva
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Leonard B Piveta
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - L Tom Barber
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Thomas R Butts
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
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Torra J, Osuna MD, Merotto A, Vila-Aiub M. Editorial: Multiple Herbicide-Resistant Weeds and Non-target Site Resistance Mechanisms: A Global Challenge for Food Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:763212. [PMID: 34777445 PMCID: PMC8581628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Torra
- Department d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - María Dolores Osuna
- Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Agrarian Research Center “Finca La Orden” Valdesequera, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Aldo Merotto
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martin Vila-Aiub
- Department of Ecology, IFEVA -CONICET, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhang JJ, Yang H. Advance in Methodology and Strategies To Unveil Metabolic Mechanisms of Pesticide Residues in Food Crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2658-2667. [PMID: 33645212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues are a food safety concern. A good detection method is critical for rapid and accurate determination of pesticide metabolites in crops and studying metabolism. The pretreatment methods have mainly been ultrasonic extraction-solid-phase extraction and QuEChERS, while detection methods have been radio-chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. This perspective briefed the progress of analytical methods used for studying pesticide transformation in crops over the past decade. With the combination of the characteristics of the pesticide molecular structure and the transformation principles of pesticides in crops, we presented specific methods for elucidating new metabolites and the approaches to identify metabolites using multi-high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
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9
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Trezzi MM, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Rojano-Delgado AM, Alcántara E, Pagnoncelli FDB, Viecelli M, Diesel F, Pacheco V, De Prado R. Influence of temperature on the retention, absorption and translocation of fomesafen and imazamox in Euphorbia heterophylla. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 173:104794. [PMID: 33771265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will be an additional issue to the challenge to manage herbicide resistant weeds. This work investigated the impact of three temperature regimes (10/5, 20/15 and 30/25 °C) on the efficacy, foliar retention, absorption and translocation of fomesafen, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, and imazamox, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, between two Euphorbia heterophylla populations, one susceptible (S) and one multiple PPO and ALS resistant (R). The R population went from 5 (fomesafen) and 12 (imazamox) times more resistant than the S population at 10/5 °C to more than 100 times to both herbicides at 20/15 and 30/25 °C. Leaf retention of fomesafen was not affected by temperature; however, imazamox retention was less at 10/5 and 20/15 °C than at 30/25 °C, and the R population always retained less imazamox than the S population. 14C-fomesafen absorption was similar between populations, but lower amounts were absorbed at 10/5 °C regardless of the evaluation time. Recovered 14C-imazamox rates decreased in both populations as the evaluation time increased, ranging from 82 to 92% at 6 h after treatment (HAT), and from 47 to 76% at 48 HAT, depending on the temperature regime. The 14C-imazamox losses were greater from 24 HAT in R plants grown at 30/25 °C and in all temperature regimes at 48 HAT. Although both populations translocated large amounts of imazamox, the S population distributed it in the rest of the plant (33%) and roots (15%), while the R population kept it mainly on the treated leaf (24%) or lost ~20% more herbicide than S population at 48 HAT, indicating the need for further studies on root exudation between these populations. Low temperatures reduced resistance levels to fomesafen and imazamox in E. heterophylla, suggesting that temperature influences the expression of the mechanisms that govern this multiple resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonia M Rojano-Delgado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Matheus Viecelli
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Francielli Diesel
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vacilania Pacheco
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Ghanizadeh H, Harrington KC. Perspective: root exudation of herbicides as a novel mode of herbicide resistance in weeds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2543-2547. [PMID: 32248627 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of resistance to herbicides in weeds has become a great challenge for global agricultural production. Weeds have evolved resistance to herbicides through many different physiological mechanisms. Some weed species are known to secrete herbicide molecules from roots into the rhizosphere upon being treated. However, root exudation of herbicides as a mechanism of resistance has only recently been identified in two weed species. Root exudation pathways have been investigated in Arabidopsis, and this work suggested that ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters play a role in the secretion of primary and secondary plant products from roots. We hypothesize that the mechanisms involved in root exudation of herbicides that result in resistance are mediated by overactive or overexpressed transporters, probably similar to those found for the exudation of primary and secondary compounds from roots. Elucidating the molecular and physiological basis of root exudation in herbicide-resistant weeds would improve our understanding of the pathways involved in herbicide root secretion mediated by transporters in plants. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghanizadeh
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kerry C Harrington
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Ding G, Guo D, Zhang W, Han P, Punyapitak D, Guo M, Zhang Z, Wang B, Li J, Cao Y. Preparation of novel auxinic herbicide derivatives with high-activity and low-volatility by me-too method. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Rojano-Delgado AM, Portugal JM, Palma-Bautista C, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Torra J, Alcántara E, De Prado R. Target site as the main mechanism of resistance to imazamox in a Euphorbia heterophylla biotype. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15423. [PMID: 31659241 PMCID: PMC6817884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia heterophylla is a weed species that invades extensive crop areas in subtropical regions of Brazil. This species was previously controlled by imazamox, but the continuous use of this herbicide has selected for resistant biotypes. Two biotypes of E. heterophylla from southern Brazil, one resistant (R) and one susceptible (S) to imazamox, were compared. The resistance of the R biotype was confirmed by dose-response assays since it required 1250.2 g ai ha-1 to reduce the fresh weight by 50% versus 7.4 g ai ha-1 for the S biotype. The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme activity was studied using ALS-inhibiting herbicides from five different chemical families. The R biotype required the highest concentrations to reduce this enzyme activity by 50%. A Ser653Asn mutation was found in the ALS gene of the R biotype. The experiments carried out showed that imazamox absorption and metabolism were not involved in resistance. However, greater 14C-imazamox root exudation was found in the R biotype (~70% of the total absorbed imazamox). Target site mutation in the ALS gene is the principal mechanism that explains the imazamox resistance of the R biotype, but root exudation seems to also contribute to the resistance of this biotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João M Portugal
- Department of Biosciences, Valoriza-Research Center for Endogenous Resources Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Beja, Portugal
| | | | | | - Joel Torra
- Department d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Non-Target-Site Resistance to Herbicides: Recent Developments. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100417. [PMID: 31618956 PMCID: PMC6843234 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides in weeds can be conferred as a result of the alteration of one or more physiological processes, including herbicide absorption, translocation, sequestration, and metabolism. The mechanisms of NTSR are generally more complex to decipher than target-site resistance (TSR) and can impart cross-resistance to herbicides with different modes of action. Metabolism-based NTSR has been reported in many agriculturally important weeds, although reduced translocation and sequestration of herbicides has also been found in some weeds. This review focuses on summarizing the recent advances in our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of NTSR mechanisms found in weed species. Further, the importance of examining the co-existence of TSR and NTSR for the same herbicide in the same weed species and influence of environmental conditions in the altering and selection of NTSR is also discussed. Knowledge of the prevalence of NTSR mechanisms and co-existing TSR and NTSR in weeds is crucial for designing sustainable weed management strategies to discourage the further evolution and selection of herbicide resistance in weeds.
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Busi R, Goggin DE, Heap IM, Horak MJ, Jugulam M, Masters RA, Napier RM, Riar DS, Satchivi NM, Torra J, Westra P, Wright TR. Weed resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2265-2276. [PMID: 29235732 PMCID: PMC6175398 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides classified as synthetic auxins have been most commonly used to control broadleaf weeds in a variety of crops and in non-cropland areas since the first synthetic auxin herbicide (SAH), 2,4-D, was introduced to the market in the mid-1940s. The incidence of weed species resistant to SAHs is relatively low considering their long-term global application with 30 broadleaf, 5 grass, and 1 grass-like weed species confirmed resistant to date. An understanding of the context and mechanisms of SAH resistance evolution can inform management practices to sustain the longevity and utility of this important class of herbicides. A symposium was convened during the 2nd Global Herbicide Resistance Challenge (May 2017; Denver, CO, USA) to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of SAH resistance mechanisms including case studies of weed species resistant to SAHs and perspectives on mitigating resistance development in SAH-tolerant crops. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Busi
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and EnvironmentUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Danica E Goggin
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and EnvironmentUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Ian M Heap
- International Survey of Herbicide‐Resistant WeedsCorvallisORUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel Torra
- Department of Horticulture, Botany and GardeningUniversity of LleidaLleidaSpain
| | - Phillip Westra
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest ManagementColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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Figueiredo MR, Leibhart LJ, Reicher ZJ, Tranel PJ, Nissen SJ, Westra P, Bernards ML, Kruger GR, Gaines TA, Jugulam M. Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contributes to resistance in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2356-2362. [PMID: 29194949 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic auxins such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) have been widely used for selective control of broadleaf weeds since the mid-1940s. In 2009, an Amaranthus tuberculatus (common waterhemp) population with 10-fold resistance to 2,4-D was found in Nebraska, USA. The 2,4-D resistance mechanism was examined by conducting [14 C] 2,4-D absorption, translocation and metabolism experiments. RESULTS No differences were found in 2,4-D absorption or translocation between resistant and susceptible A. tuberculatus plants. Resistant plants metabolized [14 C] 2,4-D more rapidly than did susceptible plants. The half-life of [14 C] 2,4-D in susceptible plants was 105 h, compared with 22 h in resistant plants. Pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion inhibited [14 C] 2,4-D metabolism in resistant plants and reduced the 2,4-D dose required for 50% growth inhibition (GR50 ) of resistant plants by 7-fold to 27 g ha-1 , similar to the GR50 for susceptible plants in the absence of malathion. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that rapid 2,4-D metabolism is a contributing factor to resistance in A. tuberculatus, potentially mediated by cytochrome P450. Metabolism-based resistance to 2,4-D could pose a serious challenge for A. tuberculatus control because of the potential for cross-resistance to other herbicides. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ra Figueiredo
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lacy J Leibhart
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Zachary J Reicher
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Patrick J Tranel
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Scott J Nissen
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Philip Westra
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark L Bernards
- School of Agriculture, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, USA
| | - Greg R Kruger
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, USA
| | - Todd A Gaines
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mithila Jugulam
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Islam F, Xie Y, Farooq MA, Wang J, Yang C, Gill RA, Zhu J, Zhou W. Salinity reduces 2,4-D efficacy in Echinochloa crusgalli by affecting redox balance, nutrient acquisition, and hormonal regulation. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:785-802. [PMID: 29151143 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Distinct salinity levels have been reported to enhance plants tolerance to different types of stresses. The aim of this research is to assess the interaction of saline stress and the use of 2,4-D as a means of controlling the growth of Echinochloa crusgalli. The resultant effect of such interaction is vital for a sustainable approach of weed management and food production. The results showed that 2,4-D alone treatment reduces the chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic capacity, enhanced MDA, electrolyte leakage, and ROS production (H2O2, O2·-) and inhibited the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes. Further analysis of the ultrastructure of chloroplasts indicated that 2,4-D induced severe damage to the ultrastructure of chloroplasts and thylakoids. Severe saline stress (8 dS m-1) followed by mild saline stress treatments (4 dS m-1) also reduced the E. crusgalli growth, but had the least impact as compared to the 2,4-D alone treatment. Surprisingly, under combined treatments (salinity + 2,4-D), the phytotoxic effect of 2,4-D was reduced on saline-stressed E. crusgalli plants, especially under mild saline + 2,4-D treatment. This stimulated growth of E. crusgalli is related to the higher activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and dynamic regulation of IAA, ABA under mild saline + 2,4-D treatment. This shows that 2,4-D efficacy was affected by salinity in a stress intensity-dependent manner, which may result in the need for greater herbicide application rates, additional application times, or more weed control operations required for controlling salt-affected weed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad A Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chong Yang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rafaqat A Gill
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinwen Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Cross-resistance to dicamba, 2,4-D, and fluroxypyr in Kochia scoparia is endowed by a mutation in an AUX/IAA gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018. [PMID: 29531066 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712372115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding and mitigation of the appearance of herbicide-resistant weeds have come to the forefront of study in the past decade, as the number of weed species that are resistant to one or more herbicide modes of action is on the increase. Historically, weed resistance to auxin herbicides has been rare, but examples, such as Kochia scoparia L. Schrad (kochia), have appeared, posing a challenge to conventional agricultural practices. Reports of dicamba-resistant kochia populations began in the early 1990s in areas where auxin herbicides were heavily utilized for weed control in corn and wheat cropping systems, and some biotypes are resistant to other auxin herbicides as well. We have further characterized the auxin responses of one previously reported dicamba-resistant biotype isolated from western Nebraska and found that it is additionally cross-resistant to other auxin herbicides, including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and fluroxypyr. We have utilized transcriptome sequencing and comparison to identify a 2-nt base change in this biotype, which results in a glycine to asparagine amino acid change within a highly conserved region of an AUX/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) protein, KsIAA16. Through yeast two-hybrid analysis, characterization of F2 segregation, and heterologous expression and characterization of the gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, we show that that the single dominant KsIAA16R resistance allele is the causal basis for dicamba resistance in this population. Furthermore, we report the development of a molecular marker to identify this allele in populations and facilitate inheritance studies. We also report that the resistance allele confers a fitness penalty in greenhouse studies.
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Rey-Caballero J, Menéndez J, Osuna MD, Salas M, Torra J. Target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms to ALS inhibiting herbicides in Papaver rhoeas. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 138:57-65. [PMID: 28456305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms to ALS inhibitors were investigated in multiple resistant (tribenuron-methyl and 2,4-D) and only 2,4-D resistant, Spanish corn poppy populations. Six amino-acid replacements at the Pro197 position (Ala197, Arg197, His197, Leu197, Thr197 and Ser197) were found in three multiple resistant populations. These replacements were responsible for the high tribenuron-methyl resistance response, and some of them, especially Thr197 and Ser197, elucidated the cross-resistant pattern for imazamox and florasulam, respectively. Mutations outside of the conserved regions of the ALS gene (Gly427 and Leu648) were identified, but not related to resistance response. Higher mobility of labeled tribenuron-methyl in plants with multiple resistance was, however, similar to plants with only 2,4-D resistance, indicating the presence of non-target-site resistance mechanisms (NTSR). Metabolism studies confirmed the presence of a hydroxy imazamox metabolite in one of the populations. Lack of correlation between phenotype and genotype in plants treated with florasulam or imazamox, non-mutated plants surviving imazamox, tribenuron-methyl translocation patterns and the presence of enhanced metabolism revealed signs of the presence of NTSR mechanisms to ALS inhibitors in this species. On this basis, selection pressure with ALS non-SU inhibitors bears the risk of promoting the evolution of NTSR mechanisms in corn poppy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Rey-Caballero
- Department d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Spain
| | - Julio Menéndez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus Universitario de La Rábida, 21071 Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, Spain
| | - Maria D Osuna
- "Finca La Orden-Valdesequera" Research Centre, Ctra. A-V, Km372, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Marisa Salas
- DuPont de Nemours, Reu Delarivière Lefoullon, La Defense Cedex, Paris 92064, France
| | - Joel Torra
- Department d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Spain.
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Busi R, Powles SB. Inheritance of 2,4-D resistance traits in multiple herbicide- resistant Raphanus raphanistrum populations. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 257:1-8. [PMID: 28224914 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A relatively low number of weed species have evolved resistance to auxinic herbicides despite their use for almost 70 years. This inheritance study with two Raphanus raphanistrum populations multiple-resistant 2,4-D and the ALS-inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron determined the number of genes and genetic dominance of 2,4-D resistance and investigated the association between traits conferring resistance to the two herbicide modes of action. Levels of 2,4-D phenotypic resistance and resistance segregation patterns were assessed in parental populations, F1 and F2 families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Busi
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia.
| | - Stephen B Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia
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Torra J, Rojano-Delgado AM, Rey-Caballero J, Royo-Esnal A, Salas ML, De Prado R. Enhanced 2,4-D Metabolism in Two Resistant Papaver rhoeas Populations from Spain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1584. [PMID: 28955370 PMCID: PMC5602352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas), the most problematic broadleaf weed in winter cereals in Southern Europe, has developed resistance to the widely-used herbicide, 2,4-D. The first reported resistance mechanism in this species to 2,4-D was reduced translocation from treated leaves to the rest of the plant. However, the presence of other non-target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms has not been investigated up to date. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to reveal if enhanced 2,4-D metabolism is also present in two Spanish resistant (R) populations to synthetic auxins. With this aim, HPLC experiments at two 2,4-D rates (600 and 2,400 g ai ha-1) were conducted to identify and quantify the metabolites produced and evaluate possible differences in 2,4-D degradation between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) plants. Secondarily, to determine the role of cytochrome P450 in the resistance response, dose-response experiments were performed using malathion as its inhibitor. Three populations were used: S, only 2,4-D R (R-703) and multiple R to 2,4-D and ALS inhibitors (R-213). HPLC studies indicated the presence of two hydroxy metabolites in these R populations in shoots and roots, which were not detected in S plants, at both rates. Therefore, enhanced metabolism becomes a new NTSR mechanism in these two P. rhoeas populations from Spain. Results from the dose-response experiments also showed that pre-treatment of R plants with the cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibitor malathion reversed the phenotype to 2,4-D from resistant to susceptible in both R populations. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that a malathion inhibited P450 is responsible of the formation of the hydroxy metabolites detected in the metabolism studies. This and previous research indicate that two resistant mechanisms to 2,4-D could be present in populations R-703 and R-213: reduced translocation and enhanced metabolism. Future experiments are required to confirm these hypotheses, understand the role of P450, and the relationship between both NTSR mechanisms. On this basis, selection pressure with synthetic auxins bears the risk of promoting the evolution enhanced metabolism in Papaver rhoeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Torra
- Department d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de LleidaLleida, Spain
- *Correspondence: Joel Torra
| | | | - Jordi Rey-Caballero
- Department d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de LleidaLleida, Spain
| | - Aritz Royo-Esnal
- Department d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de LleidaLleida, Spain
| | | | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
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Rey-Caballero J, Menéndez J, Giné-Bordonaba J, Salas M, Alcántara R, Torra J. Unravelling the resistance mechanisms to 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 133:67-72. [PMID: 27742363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In southern Europe, the intensive use of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and tribenuron-methyl in cereal crop systems has resulted in the evolution of resistant (R) corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) biotypes. Experiments were conducted to elucidate (1) the resistance response to these two herbicides, (2) the cross-resistant pattern to other synthetic auxins and (3) the physiological basis of the auxin resistance in two R (F-R213 and D-R703) populations. R plants were resistant to both 2,4-D and tribenuron-methyl (F-R213) or just to 2,4-D (D-R703) and both R populations were also resistant to dicamba and aminopyralid. Results from absorption and translocation experiment revealed that R plants translocated less [14C]-2,4-D than S plants at all evaluation times. There was between four and eight-fold greater ethylene production in S plants treated with 2,4-D, than in R plants. Overall, these results suggest that reduced 2,4-D translocation is the resistance mechanism in synthetic auxins R corn poppy populations and this likely leads to less ethylene production and greater survival in R plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Rey-Caballero
- Department d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, Spain.
| | - Julio Menéndez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus Universitario de La Rábida, Palos de la Frontera, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnologic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Lleida 25003, Spain
| | - Marisa Salas
- DuPont de Nemours, Reu Delarivière Lefoullon, La Defense Cedex, Paris 92064, France
| | - Ricardo Alcántara
- Departamento de Química Agrícola y Edafología, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Carretera km 396, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - Joel Torra
- Department d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, Spain
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Goggin DE, Cawthray GR, Powles SB. 2,4-D resistance in wild radish: reduced herbicide translocation via inhibition of cellular transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3223-35. [PMID: 26994475 PMCID: PMC4892717 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to auxinic herbicides is increasing in a range of dicotyledonous weed species, but in most cases the biochemical mechanism of resistance is unknown. Using (14)C-labelled herbicide, the mechanism of resistance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in two wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) populations was identified as an inability to translocate 2,4-D out of the treated leaf. Although 2,4-D was metabolized in wild radish, and in a different manner to the well-characterized crop species wheat and bean, there was no difference in metabolism between the susceptible and resistant populations. Reduced translocation of 2,4-D in the latter was also not due to sequestration of the herbicide, or to reduced uptake by the leaf epidermis or mesophyll cells. Application of auxin efflux or ABCB transporter inhibitors to 2,4-D-susceptible plants caused a mimicking of the reduced-translocation resistance phenotype, suggesting that 2,4-D resistance in the populations under investigation could be due to an alteration in the activity of a plasma membrane ABCB-type auxin transporter responsible for facilitating long-distance transport of 2,4-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica E Goggin
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Gregory R Cawthray
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Stephen B Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
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