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Bao W, Li X, Liu J, Zheng R, Liu L, Zhang H. The Characterization of an Efficient Phenylpyruvate Decarboxylase KDC4427, Involved in 2-Phenylethanol and IAA Production from Bacterial Enterobacter sp. CGMCC 5087. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0266021. [PMID: 35377224 PMCID: PMC9045302 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02660-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase (PPDC) is a crucial enzyme that plays important roles in 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) biosynthesis. In our previous study, we screened a highly efficient PPDC KDC4427 from the novel 2-PE-producing strain Enterobacter sp. CGMCC 5087. Meanwhile, its decarboxylation activity of indolylpyruvate (IPyA) was also higher than other indolylpyruvate decarboxylases (IPDCs) reported so far. In this study, KDC4427 protein was purified and characterized, and its catalytic mechanisms were analyzed by biological methods. The optimum pH and temperature of KDC4427 was pH 6.5 and 35°C, respectively. The enzyme activity was relatively stable between pH 6 and 8 and over the range of temperatures from 25°C to 45°C. KDC4427 showed the highest catalytic efficiency on phenylpyruvic acid (PPA); meanwhile, it also showed high activity for IPyA and 2-ketobutanoic acid, and it was found that KDC4427 belongs to IPDCs by phylogenetic tree analysis. The coverage of the three-dimensional structure of KDC4427 and EcIPDC from Enterobacter cloacae was 96%. Leucine 542, one of the residues in the substrate-binding pocket, is replaced by isoleucine in KDC4427 compared with EcIPDC. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the transition from leucine to isoleucine was unlikely to make KDC4427 have high catalytic activity for PPA and IPyA; the mutants at glutamate 468 almost completely lost catalytic activities for both PPA and IPyA, indicating that this glutamate was essential for the catalytic activity. Additionally, alanine 387 plays an important role in the substrate selectivity of KDC4427. IMPORTANCE Compared with the chemical synthesis of 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) by condensation of ethylene oxide and benzene, the biological synthesis of 2-PE is a potential method to replace the traditional process. This makes biotransformation gradually become the main way to produce high-quality 2-PE. Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase (PPDC) is the critical enzyme in 2-PE biosynthesis, and it is a momentous point of penetration to increase the production of 2-PE. In this regard, KDC4427 can catalyze phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) to phenylacetaldehyde more efficiently than any other PPDC previously reported. Moreover, it has high activity of indolepyruvate decarboxylases (IPDCs), which will be a great breakthrough in the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). With this study, we offer insights into the KDC4427 catalytic mechanism and significantly expand the toolbox of available α-ketoacid decarboxylases for application in biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
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Ye J, Tian S, Lv L, Ding Y, Xu J, Zhang J, Li L. Production and purification of 2-phenylethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using tobacco waste extract as a substrate. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:800-806. [PMID: 34596913 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2-phenylethanol (2-PE), which is extracted naturally from plant or biotechnology processing, is widely used in the food and cosmetics industries. Due to the high cost of 2-PE production, the valorization of waste carbon to produce 2-PE has gained increasing attention. Here, 2-PE was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using tobacco waste extract (TWE) as the substrate. Considering the toxicity of nicotine and its inhibition of 2-PE, the tolerance of S. cerevisiae was first evaluated. The results suggested that the production of 2-PE by S. cerevisiae in TWEs could be carried out at 2·0 mg ml-1 nicotine concentrations and may be inhibited by 1·0 mg ml-1 2-PE. Thus, the compounds in the TWEs prepared at different temperatures were detected, and the results revealed that the TWEs prepared at 140°C contained 2·18 mg ml-1 of nicotine, had total sugar concentrations of 26·8 mg ml-1 and were suitable for 2-PE production. Due to feedback regulation, the 2-PE production was only 1·11 mg ml-1 , and the remaining glucose concentration remained at 13·78 mg ml-1 , which indicated insufficient glucose utilization. Then, in situ product recovery was further implemented to remove this inhibition; the glucose utilization (the remaining concentration decreased to 3·64 mg ml-1 ) increased, and the 2-PE production increased to 1·65 mg ml-1 . The 2-PE produced in the fermentation broth was first isolated by elution from the resin with 75% ethanol and then by removing the impurities with 2·5% activated charcoal, and pure 2-PE was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The results of this study suggest that TWE could be an alternative carbon source for 2-PE production. This could provide an outlet tobacco waste as well as reducing the price of natural 2-PE, although more strategies need to be explored to improve the production yield of 2-PE by using TWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ye
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian City, Fujian Province, China
| | - S Tian
- Inner Mongolia Kunming Cigarette Limited Liability Company, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - L Lv
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Y Ding
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - J Xu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian City, Fujian Province, China
| | - J Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - L Li
- Inner Mongolia Kunming Cigarette Limited Liability Company, Inner Mongolia, China
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Ratna S, Rastogi S, Kumar R. Current trends for distillery wastewater management and its emerging applications for sustainable environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112544. [PMID: 33862317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol distillation generates a huge volume of unwanted chemical liquid known as distillery wastewater. Distillery wastewater is acidic, dark brown having high biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, contains various salt contents, and heavy metals. Inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of distillery wastewater deteriorates the quality of the soil, water, and ultimately groundwater. Its direct exposure via food web shows toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects on aquatic-terrestrial organisms including humans. So, there is an urgent need for its proper management. For this purpose, a group of researchers applied distillery wastewater for fertigation while others focused on its physico-chemical, biological treatment approaches. But until now no cutting-edge technology has been proposed for its effective management. So, it becomes imperative to comprehend its toxicity, treatment methods, and implication for environmental sustainability. This paper reviews the last decade's research data on advanced physico-chemical, biological, and combined (physico-chemical and biological) methods to treat distillery wastewater and its reuse aspects. Finally, it revealed that the combined methods along with the production of value-added products are one of the best options for distillery wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Ratna
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India.
| | - Swati Rastogi
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
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Tian S, Liang X, Chen J, Zeng W, Zhou J, Du G. Enhancement of 2-phenylethanol production by a wild-type Wickerhamomyces anomalus strain isolated from rice wine. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124257. [PMID: 33096442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an important high-grade aromatic alcohol, which is widely used in the cosmetics, perfumery and food industries. However, 2-PE is mainly synthesized using a chemical route, which produces environmental pollution and harmful by-products. Screening of high-yielding wild-type strains has become an important goal for the future biosynthesis of 2-PE. In this study, a wild-type Wickerhamomyces anomalus was isolated from rice wine fermented mash. By optimizing the initial glucose and l-phenylalanine concentrations, 2630.7 mg/L of 2-PE was obtained in shaking flasks. The conditions of initial glucose and l-phenylalanine concentration, pH, and inoculation amount were optimized for 2-PE production with W. anomalus. Finally, based on the optimal conditions, the 2-PE titer reached 4,727.3 mg/L by a single-dose fed-batch strategy in a 5-L bioreactor. The results showed that the ability was expanded to harness the Ehrlich pathway for the production of high-value aromatics in aroma-producing yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Liu J, Bai Y, Fan TP, Zheng X, Cai Y. Unveiling the Multipath Biosynthesis Mechanism of 2-Phenylethanol in Proteus mirabilis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7684-7690. [PMID: 32608230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis could convert l-phenylalanine into 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) via the Ehrlich pathway, the amino acid deaminase pathway, and the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase pathway. The aromatic amino acid decarboxylase pathway was proved for the first time in P. mirabilis. In this pathway, l-aromatic amino acid transferase demonstrated a unique catalytic property, transforming 2-penylethylamine into phenylacetaldehyde. Eleven enzymes were supposed to involve in 2-phenylethanol synthesis. The mRNA expression levels of 11 genes were assessed over time by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in vivo. As a result, the expression of 11 genes was significantly increased, suggesting that P. mirabilis could transform l-phenylalanine into 2-phenylethanol via three pathways under aerobic conditions; nine genes were significantly overexpressed, suggesting that P. mirabilis could synthesize 2-phenylethanol via the Ehrlich pathway under anaerobic conditions. This study reveals the multipath synthetic metabolism for 2-phenylethanol in P. mirabilis and will enrich the new ideas for natural (2-PE) synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710069, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1T, U.K
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710069, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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6
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Efficient synthesis of 2-phenylethanol from L-phenylalanine by engineered Bacillus licheniformis using molasses as carbon source. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7507-7520. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Martínez-Avila O, Sánchez A, Font X, Barrena R. Bioprocesses for 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethyl acetate production: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9991-10004. [PMID: 30293195 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) and 2-phenethyl acetate (2-PEA) are valuable generally recognized as safe flavoring agents widely used in industry. Perfumes, pharmaceuticals, polishes, and personal care products, are some of the final products using these compounds as additives due to their rose-like odor. Also, 2-PE is used in disinfectants, pest control, and cleaning products due to its biocide capability. Although most of these additives production are derived from chemical synthesis, the current trend of consumers to prefer natural products has contributed to the development of biotechnological approaches as an alternative way to obtain natural 2-PE and 2-PEA. The most efficient route to bioproduce these compounds is through the bioconversion of L-phenylalanine via the Ehrlich pathway, and most of the advances have been focused on the development of this process. This review compiles the most recent developments in the biotechnological production of 2-PE and 2-PEA, indicating the most studied strains producing 2-PE and 2-PEA, the current advances in the in situ product recovery in liquid systems, an overview of the strain developments, and the progress in the use of residue-based systems. Future research should address the need for more sustainable and economic systems such as those using wastes as raw materials, as well as the scale-up of the proposed technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Martínez-Avila
- Composting Research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Font
- Composting Research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Wang Z, Jiang M, Guo X, Liu Z, He X. Reconstruction of metabolic module with improved promoter strength increases the productivity of 2-phenylethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:60. [PMID: 29642888 PMCID: PMC5896102 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) is an important aromatic compound with a lovely rose-like scent. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a desirable microbe for 2-PE production but its natural yield is not high, and one or two crucial genes’ over-expression in S. cerevisiae did not improve 2-PE greatly. Results A new metabolic module was established here, in which, permease Gap1p for l-phenylalanine transportation, catalytic enzymes Aro8p, Aro10p and Adh2p in Ehrlich pathway respectively responsible for transamination, decarboxylation and reduction were assembled, besides, glutamate dehydrogenase Gdh2p was harbored for re-supplying another substrate 2-oxoglutarate, relieving product glutamate repression and regenerating cofactor NADH. Due to different promoter strengths, GAP1, ARO8, ARO9, ARO10, ADH2 and GDH2 in the new modularized YS58(G1-A8-A10-A2)-GDH strain enhanced 11.6-, 15.4-, 3.6-, 17.7-, 12.4- and 7.5-folds respectively, and crucial enzyme activities of aromatic aminotransferases and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase were 4.8- and 7-folds respectively higher than that of the control. Conclusions Under the optimum medium and cell density, YS58(G1-A8-A10-A2)-GDH presented efficient 2-PE synthesis ability with ~ 6.3 g L−1 of 2-PE titer in 5-L fermenter reaching 95% of conversation ratio. Under fed-batch fermentation, 2-PE productivity at 24 h increased 29% than that of single-batch fermentation. Metabolic modularization with promoter strategy provides a new prospective for efficient 2-PE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuena Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiuping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Martínez O, Sánchez A, Font X, Barrena R. Bioproduction of 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenethyl acetate by Kluyveromyces marxianus through the solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4703-4716. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Chen X, Wang Z, Guo X, Liu S, He X. Regulation of general amino acid permeases Gap1p, GATA transcription factors Gln3p and Gat1p on 2-phenylethanol biosynthesis via Ehrlich pathway. J Biotechnol 2017; 242:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pan X, Liu H, Liu J, Wang C, Wen J. Omics-based approaches reveal phospholipids remodeling of Rhizopus oryzae responding to furfural stress for fumaric acid-production from xylose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:24-32. [PMID: 27697734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to relieve the toxicity of furfural on Rhizopus oryzae fermentation, the molecular mechanism of R. oryzae responding to furfural stress for fumaric acid-production was investigated by omics-based approaches. In metabolomics analysis, 29 metabolites including amino acid, sugars, polyols and fatty acids showed significant changes for maintaining the basic cell metabolism at the cost of lowering fumaric acid production. To further uncover the survival mechanism, lipidomics was carried out, revealing that phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and polyunsaturated acyl chains might be closely correlated with R. oryzae's adapting to furfural stress. Based on the above omics analysis, lecithin, inositol and soybean oil were exogenously supplemented separately with an optimized concentration in the presence of furfural, which increased fumaric acid titer from 5.78g/L to 10.03g/L, 10.05g/L and 12.13g/L (increased by 73.5%, 73.8% and 110%, respectively). These findings provide a methodological guidance for hemicellulose-fumaric acid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Pan
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Wang Z, Bai X, Guo X, He X. Regulation of crucial enzymes and transcription factors on 2-phenylethanol biosynthesis via Ehrlich pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 44:129-139. [PMID: 27770224 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is widely used in food, perfume and pharmaceutical industry, but lower production in microbes and less known regulatory mechanisms of 2-PE make further study necessary. In this study, crucial genes like ARO8 and ARO10 of Ehrlich pathway for 2-PE synthesis and key transcription factor ARO80 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were re-regulated using constitutive promoter; in the meantime, the effect of nitrogen source in synthetic complete (SC) medium with L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) on Aro8/Aro9 and Aro10 was investigated. The results showed that aromatic aminotransferase activities of ARO8 over-expressing strains were seriously inhibited by ammonia sulfate in SC + Phe medium. Flask fermentation test demonstrated that over-expressing ARO8 or ARO10 led to about 42 % increase in 2-PE production when compared with the control strain. Furthermore, influence of transcription factors Cat8 and Mig1 on 2-PE biosynthesis was explored. CAT8 over-expression or MIG1 deletion increased in the transcription of ARO9 and ARO10. 2-PE production of CAT8 over-expressing strain was 62 % higher than that of control strain. Deletion of MIG1 also led to 2-PE biosynthesis enhancement. The strain of CAT8 over-expression and MIG1 deletion was most effective in regulating expression of ARO9 and ARO10. Analysis of mRNA levels and enzyme activities indicates that transaminase in Ehrlich pathway is the crucial target of Nitrogen Catabolize Repression (NCR). Among the engineering strains, the higher 3.73 g/L 2-PE production in CAT8 over-expressing strain without in situ product recovery suggests that the robust strain has potentiality for commercial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuena Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Ding MZ, Song H, Wang EX, Liu Y, Yuan YJ. Design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia in China. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2016; 1:230-235. [PMID: 29062948 PMCID: PMC5625796 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of synthetic biology enables the design, construction and optimization of synthetic microbial consortia to achieve specific functions. In China, the "973" project-"Design and Construction of Microbial Consortia" was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China in January 2014. It was proposed to address the fundamental challenges in engineering natural microbial consortia and reconstructing microbial consortia to meet industrial demands. In this review, we will introduce this "973" project, including the significance of microbial consortia, the fundamental scientific issues, the recent research progresses, and some case studies about synthetic microbial consortia in the past two and a half years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - En-Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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