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Assessment of Diversity among Important Brinjal (Solanum melongena) Cultivars Using Morphological Markers. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4255554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Solanum melongena is a medicinally important vegetable crop that belongs to the family Solanaceae, which is cultivated worldwide. Methodology. In the present study, 22 eggplant varieties from the different ecogeographical regions were evaluated for nine quantitative and twenty-two qualitative morphological characters. A significant divergence was observed in all characters and wide regional variations for plant characteristics, flower, and fruit characteristics. Principle component analysis (PCA) was performed using PAST3 software to determine the relationship among eggplant accessions. Results. The principal component analysis showed that the first two principal component axes explained 97.17% of the total multivariate variation. Cluster analysis using the Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) grouped the 22 eggplant accessions into two main clusters based on similarities in morphological characteristics. The study showed that the Solanum melongena accessions belonging to Pakistan and other geographical regions of the world possess marked variation in fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit color, leaf spine, number of locules in fruit, plant height, and flower color. Conclusion. Based on morphological diversity, the best cultivars of eggplant that show better yield can be selected for farmers.
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Gao F, Mei X, Li Y, Guo J, Shen Y. Update on the Roles of Polyamines in Fleshy Fruit Ripening, Senescence, and Quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:610313. [PMID: 33664757 PMCID: PMC7922164 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.610313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ripening of fleshy fruits involves complex physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes that coincide with various changes of the fruit, including texture, color, flavor, and aroma. The processes of ripening are controlled by ethylene in climacteric fruits and abscisic acid (ABA) in non-climacteric fruits. Increasing evidence is also uncovering an essential role for polyamines (PAs) in fruit ripening, especially in climacteric fruits. However, until recently breakthroughs have been made in understanding PA roles in the ripening of non-climacteric fruits. In this review, we compare the mechanisms underlying PA biosynthesis, metabolism, and action during ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits at the physiological and molecular levels. The PA putrescine (Put) has a role opposite to that of spermidine/spermine (Spd/Spm) in cellular metabolism. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) is crucial to Put biosynthesis in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) catalyzes the conversion of Put to Spd/Spm, which marks a metabolic transition that is concomitant with the onset of fruit ripening, induced by Spd in climacteric fruits and by Spm in non-climacteric fruits. Once PA catabolism is activated by polyamine oxidase (PAO), fruit ripening and senescence are facilitated by the coordination of mechanisms that involve PAs, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ABA, ethylene, nitric oxide (NO), and calcium ions (Ca2+). Notably, a signal derived from PAO5-mediated PA metabolism has recently been identified in strawberry, a model system for non-climacteric fruits, providing a deeper understanding of the regulatory roles played by PAs in fleshy fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Resources and Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xurong Mei
- Water Resources and Dryland Farming Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhong Li
- Water Resources and Dryland Farming Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Resources and Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxuan Guo,
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Resources and Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Yuanyue Shen, ;
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Mo A, Xu T, Bai Q, Shen Y, Gao F, Guo J. FaPAO5 regulates Spm/Spd levels as a signaling during strawberry fruit ripening. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00217. [PMID: 32355906 PMCID: PMC7189608 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are important for non-climacteric fruit ripening according to an analysis of the model plant strawberry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the polyamine accumulation during ripening has not been fully elucidated. In this study, an examination of our proteome data related to strawberry fruit ripening revealed a putative polyamine oxidase 5, FaPAO5, which was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Additionally, FaPAO5 expression levels as well as the abundance of the encoded protein continually decreased during ripening. Inhibiting FaPAO5 expression by RNAi promoted Spd, Spm, and ABA accumulation while inhibited H2O2 production, which ultimately enhanced ripening as evidenced by the ripening-related events and corresponding gene expression changes. The opposite effects were observed in FaPAO5-overexpressing transgenic fruits. Analyses of the binding affinity and enzymatic activity of FaPAO5 with Spm, Spd, and Put uncovered a special role for FaPAO5 in the terminal catabolism of Spm and Spd, with a K d of 0.21 and 0.29 µM, respectively. Moreover, FaPAO5 expression was inhibited by ABA and promoted by Spd and Spm. Furthermore, the RNA-seq analysis of RNAi and control fruits via differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated the six most enriched pathways among the differentially expressed genes were related to sugar, abscisic acid, ethylene, auxin, gibberellin, and Ca2+. Among four putative PAO genes in the strawberry genome, only FaPAO5 was confirmed to influence fruit ripening. In conclusion, FaPAO5 is a negative regulator of strawberry fruit ripening and modulates Spm/Spd levels as a signaling event, in which ABA plays a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aowai Mo
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit TreesBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Tian Xu
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit TreesBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Qian Bai
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit TreesBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Bei Jing Bei Nong Enterprise Management Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yaunyue Shen
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit TreesBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Fan Gao
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit TreesBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Jiaxuan Guo
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit TreesBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
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NPR1 and Redox Rhythmx: Connections, between Circadian Clock and Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051211. [PMID: 30857376 PMCID: PMC6429127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock in plants synchronizes biological processes that display cyclic 24-h oscillation based on metabolic and physiological reactions. This clock is a precise timekeeping system, that helps anticipate diurnal changes; e.g., expression levels of clock-related genes move in synchrony with changes in pathogen infection and help prepare appropriate defense responses in advance. Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone and immune signal involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-mediated defense responses. SA signaling induces cellular redox changes, and degradation and rhythmic nuclear translocation of the non-expresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1) protein. Recent studies demonstrate the ability of the circadian clock to predict various potential attackers, and of redox signaling to determine appropriate defense against pathogen infection. Interaction of the circadian clock with redox rhythm promotes the balance between immunity and growth. We review here a variety of recent evidence for the intricate relationship between circadian clock and plant immune response, with a focus on the roles of redox rhythm and NPR1 in the circadian clock and plant immunity.
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5
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Medina-Medrano JR, Mares-Quiñones MD, Valiente-Banuet JI, Vázquez-Sánchez M, Álvarez-Bernal D, Villar-Luna E. Determination and quantification of phenolic compounds in methanolic extracts of Solanum ferrugineum (Solanaceae) fruits by HPLC-DAD and HPLC/ESI-MS/TOF. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1382376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Medina-Medrano
- CONACYT—Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Michoacán, Jiquilpan, Michoacán, México
| | - María Daniela Mares-Quiñones
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Juan Ignacio Valiente-Banuet
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Vázquez-Sánchez
- CONACYT—Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Michoacán, Jiquilpan, Michoacán, México
| | - Dioselina Álvarez-Bernal
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Michoacán, Jiquilpan, Michoacán, México
| | - Edgar Villar-Luna
- CONACYT—Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Michoacán, Jiquilpan, Michoacán, México
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Makrogianni DI, Tsistraki A, Karapanos IC, Passam HC. Nutritional value and antioxidant content of seed-containing and seedless eggplant fruits of two cultivars grown under protected cultivation during autumn-winter and spring-summer. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3752-3760. [PMID: 28134448 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their low carbohydrate and high antioxidant content, eggplants are beneficial for the human diet. At <15 °C, pollen production and fertility are reduced and plant-growth regulators may be used to set seedless fruit. Because only the agronomic effects of hormone are well-documented, we investigated the composition and metabolism during the development/maturation of seed-containing and seedless fruits of two cultivars grown over two seasons. RESULTS The respiration rate of both seedless and seed-containing fruit decreased with development and maturation. In seedless fruit, starch content decreased at market maturity, whereas in seed-containing fruit starch increased. Respiration and starch were higher in spring-summer than in autumn-winter. Disaccharides were highest at market maturity, with sucrose generally higher in seed-containing fruit; monosaccharides were variable and protein content was reduced in seedless fruit. Phenols closely correlated with antioxidant activity and decreased with development; at market maturity in spring-summer phenols were higher in seedless fruit (Tsakoniki) or unaffected (Emi). Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities were mostly higher in seed-containing fruit, but browning was higher in seedless fruit. CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding reduced protein and increased browning, seedless fruit at market maturity presented less starch, hence fewer calories, and more antioxidants (phenols) for the human diet than the corresponding seed-containing fruit. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia Tsistraki
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis C Karapanos
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Harold C Passam
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.). J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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8
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Lo Scalzo R, Fibiani M, Francese G, D'Alessandro A, Rotino GL, Conte P, Mennella G. Cooking influence on physico-chemical fruit characteristics of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Food Chem 2015; 194:835-42. [PMID: 26471625 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Physico-chemical traits of three eggplant genotypes ("Tunisina", "Buia" and "L 305") were evaluated before and after two cooking treatments (grilling and boiling). Different genotypes revealed different changes after cooking, with "Tunisina" showing a better retention of phytochemicals with respect to other two genotypes. The main physical phenomena were water loss during grilling, and dry matter loss after boiling. Chlorogenic acid, the main phenolic in eggplant, resulted higher in grilled samples, while delphinidin glycosides resulted more retained in boiled samples. Glycoalkaloids, thiols and biogenic amines were generally stable, while 5-hydroxy-methyl-furfural was found only in grilled samples. Interestingly, Folin-Ciocalteu index and free radical scavenging capacity, measured with three different assays, were generally increased after cooking, with a greater formation of antioxidant substances in grilled samples. NMR relaxation experiments clarified the hypothesis about the changes of eggplant compounds in terms of decomposition of larger molecules and production of small ones after cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lo Scalzo
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, CREA-IAA Unità di Ricerca per i Processi dell'Industria Agroalimentare, via Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Fibiani
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, CREA-IAA Unità di Ricerca per i Processi dell'Industria Agroalimentare, via Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Francese
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, CREA-ORT Centro di Ricerca per l'Orticoltura, via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano-Faiano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Antonietta D'Alessandro
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, CREA-ORT Centro di Ricerca per l'Orticoltura, via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano-Faiano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe L Rotino
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, CREA-ORL Unità di Ricerca per l'Orticoltura, via Paullese 28, 26836 Montanaso Lombardo (Lodi), Italy.
| | - Pellegrino Conte
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mennella
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, CREA-ORT Centro di Ricerca per l'Orticoltura, via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano-Faiano (Salerno), Italy.
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Tomar PC, Lakra N, Mishra SN. Cadaverine: a lysine catabolite involved in plant growth and development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:doi: 10.4161/psb.25850. [PMID: 23887488 PMCID: PMC4091120 DOI: 10.4161/psb.25850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The cadaverine (Cad) a diamine, imino compound produced as a lysine catabolite is also implicated in growth and development of plants depending on environmental condition. This lysine catabolism is catalyzed by lysine decarboxylase, which is developmentally regulated. However, the limited role of Cad in plants is reported, this review is tempted to focus the metabolism and its regulation, transport and responses, interaction and cross talks in higher plants. The Cad varied presence in plant parts/products suggests it as a potential candidate for taxonomic marker as well as for commercial exploitation along with growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa C Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering; FE; Manav Rachna International University; Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi, India
| | - S N Mishra
- Faculty of Life Sciences; Maharishi Dayanand University; Rohtak, Haryana, India
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MONDAL K, SINGH A, SAXENA N, MALHOTRA S, DHAWAN K, SINGH R. POSSIBLE INTERACTIONS OF POLYAMINES AND ETHYLENE DURING RIPENING OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.) FRUITS. J Food Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moore S, Payton P, Wright M, Tanksley S, Giovannoni J. Utilization of tomato microarrays for comparative gene expression analysis in the Solanaceae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2005; 56:2885-95. [PMID: 16216847 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eri283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling allows for the assessment and comparison of cross-species gene activity and function on a comprehensive scale. The Solanaceae is a large, diverse dicot family, with well-established genetic relationships between major crop species (tomato, potato, pepper, eggplant, and tobacco). Although Arabidopsis thaliana is often the model of choice for anchoring comparative studies, certain biological processes are better examined in other plants. The ripening of fleshy fruits is not tractable in Arabidopsis; however, it has received considerable attention in tomato. As a member of the Solanaceae, tomato provides a well-characterized system to anchor transcriptional profiles of fruit ripening and development in related species. By utilizing different stages of tomato, pepper, and eggplant fruit, the use of tomato microarrays for expression analysis has been demonstrated in closely related heterologous species, and groups of candidate expressed sequence tags, which are useful as orthologous markers, have been identified, as well as genes implicated in fruit ripening and development in the Solanaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Moore
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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12
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Quantitation by HPLC of Amines as Dansyl Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(05)80018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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13
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Ziosi V, Scaramagli S, Bregoli AM, Biondi S, Torrigiani P. Peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit growth and ripening: transcript levels and activity of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes in the mesocarp. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 160:1109-1115. [PMID: 14593813 DOI: 10.1078/0176-1617-00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcript levels and activities of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes arginine decarboxylase (ADC, EC 4.1.1.19), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC, EC 4.1.1.21), as well as free polyamine titres, were analysed throughout the four growth stages S1-S4 leading up to ripening in the mesocarp from peach fruit (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Redhaven) grown under field conditions. SAMDC mRNA, which was northern analysed by using a PCR-generated homologous SAMDC probe, and ADC mRNA levels appeared quite stable during fruit development, while ODC transcript accumulation showed a discontinuous trend. The pattern of transcript levels during growth did not correlate with that of the relative enzyme activity, which instead correlated well with free polyamine levels. Both exhibited maximum levels in S1 and a smaller peak in S3. The behaviour of the polyamine biosynthetic machinery is discussed in relation to the different cell growth rates occurring during fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Ziosi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e.s., University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Cirilo MP, Coelho AFS, Araújo CM, Gonçalves FR, Nogueira FD, Glória MA. Profile and levels of bioactive amines in green and roasted coffee. Food Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sun X, Yang X, Wang E. Determination of biogenic amines by capillary electrophoresis with pulsed amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1005:189-95. [PMID: 12924793 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The biogenic amines, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine were separated and quantified by capillary electrophoresis with pulsed amperometric detection. Detection potential of the pulsed amperometric detection was optimized as 0.6 V. Optimal separation of the biogenic amines was achieved using a separation buffer of 30 mM citrate at pH 3.5, while keeping the buffer in the detection cell as 20 mM NaOH. Using these conditions, the four biogenic amines were baseline separated. Extrapolated limits of detection for putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine were 400, 200, 100 and 400 nM for the standard mixture (polyamines dissolved in running buffer), respectively. These are lower than ultraviolet detection and comparable or even lower than laser-induced fluorescence detection results as reported in the literature. The number of theoretical plates was maintained at the 10(5) level, which is absolutely higher than any reported method. When applying capillary electrophoresis-pulsed amperometric detection to milk analysis, only spermidine was found in amounts varying between 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 159, Changchun 130022 China
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Fujihara S, Yoneyama T. Endogenous levels of polyamines in the organs of cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus) and factors affecting leaf polyamine contents. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2001; 113:416-423. [PMID: 12060288 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1130316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine compositions of various organs from hydroponically cultivated cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Sharp-1) and factors affecting the leaf polyamine content were examined. Diamine putrescine was found most abundantly in the root, while a relatively large amount of spermine was detected in the reproductive organs such as the immature fruit and the calyx (+stamen). Spermidine was present at the highest level in rapidly growing tissues such as newly expanded leaf and fruit at an early developing stage, implying the possible involvement of spermidine in the growth and development of these young tissues. Polyamine content of cucumber leaves changed during the day. Especially, the putrescine content of upper leaves showed a striking decrease from the morning to the night. Alterations of leaf Ca or Mg content did not significantly affect leaf polyamine composition. On the other hand, abnormal cucumber leaves showed altered polyamine composition. Yellowing of the leaf intervein resulted in a striking decrease in spermidine content without a significant change in putrescine and spermine content. By contrast, the leaves infected with the phytopathogen, powdery mildew, showed decreased putrescine and increased spermine content in response to the degree of fungi infection. The possible usefulness of polyamines as a diagnostic marker of plant development and physiological disorder is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Fujihara
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition Diagnosis, National Agriculture Research Center, Tsukuba, 305-8666 Japan Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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