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Liang JJ, Zhou XF, Long H, Li CY, Wei J, Yu XQ, Guo ZY, Zhou YQ, Deng ZS. Recent advance of ATP citrate lyase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and related diseases. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106933. [PMID: 37890210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), a strategic metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the glycolytic to lipidic metabolism, has gained increasing attention as an attractive therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia, cancers and other human diseases. Despite of continual research efforts, targeting ACLY has been very challenging. In this field, most reported ACLY inhibitors are "substrate-like" analogues, which occupied with the same active pockets. Besides, some ACLY inhibitors have been disclosed through biochemical screening or high throughput virtual screening. In this review, we briefly summarized the cancer-related functions and the recent advance of ACLY inhibitors with a particular focus on the SAR studies and their modes of action. We hope to provide a timely and updated overview of ACLY and the discovery of new ACLY inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jia Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Hui Long
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chun-Yun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yi-Qing Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhang-Shuang Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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Batchuluun B, Pinkosky SL, Steinberg GR. Lipogenesis inhibitors: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:283-305. [PMID: 35031766 PMCID: PMC8758994 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are essential for survival, acting as bioenergetic substrates, structural components and signalling molecules. Given their vital role, cells have evolved mechanisms to generate fatty acids from alternative carbon sources, through a process known as de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Despite the importance of DNL, aberrant upregulation is associated with a wide variety of pathologies. Inhibiting core enzymes of DNL, including citrate/isocitrate carrier (CIC), ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), represents an attractive therapeutic strategy. Despite challenges related to efficacy, selectivity and safety, several new classes of synthetic DNL inhibitors have entered clinical-stage development and may become the foundation for a new class of therapeutics. De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is vital for the maintenance of whole-body and cellular homeostasis, but aberrant upregulation of the pathway is associated with a broad range of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and cancers. Here, Steinberg and colleagues provide an overview of the physiological and pathological roles of the core DNL enzymes and assess strategies and agents currently in development to therapeutically target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Allaka TR, Anireddy JS. Novel 7-substituted Fluoroquinolone Citrate Conjugates as Powerful Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents: Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1877946809666191007125408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis and evaluation of norfloxacin analogues of dimethyl citrate conjugates were described and their antibacterial and anticancer activities were assessed. The cognate 7-substituted norfloxacin citrate conjugates are active against various strains of bacteria, including MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) with higher activity than ciprofloxacin. Screening results indicated that compound 10 possessed good antibacterial activity against several microorganisms, with MIC values in the range of 0.16-0.35 mg/mL and MBCs in the range of 0.55-0.84 mg/mL. Experiments indicated that 9 demonstrated the most significant activity towards the HCT-15 cell line with IC50 value 8.2 ± 0.139 and against the HT-29 cell line with IC50 8.9 ± 0.122. The title compounds were also evaluated for determining the molecular and pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeness model scores by using the Molinspiration-2008 and MolSoft-2007 softwares. The region isomeric conjugates followed the Lipinski’s rule of five can be considered as potential antibacterial and anticancer bioavailable oral leads. Compounds 9 and 10 possessed maximum drug-likeness scores. The docking pose interactions of target compounds with the active site of enzyme PDB: 2ZCS of Staphylococcus aureus were estimated by using Autodock 4.2, to calculate the affinity, binding orientation of the ligand with the target protein and to explore the finest conformations. The target compounds, 7, 8, 9, 10, with protein, were loaded separately into Auto dock tools (ADT) and evaluated. The citrate conjugates, 8, 9, showed better docking scores with amino acids Lys17, Ser21, Val268, Lys273 and Arg171, Arg265, Val268, Val273 with the binding energy -5.70, -5.57 kcal/mol and dissociation constant 66.62, 82.13 µM respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejeswara R. Allaka
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science & Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 085, India
| | - Jaya S. Anireddy
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science & Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 085, India
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ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors: An anti-cancer strategy at the crossroads of glucose and lipid metabolism. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1276-1291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liver-specific ATP-citrate lyase inhibition by bempedoic acid decreases LDL-C and attenuates atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13457. [PMID: 27892461 PMCID: PMC5133702 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread use of statins to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk, many patients do not achieve sufficient LDL-C lowering due to muscle-related side effects, indicating novel treatment strategies are required. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) is a small molecule intended to lower LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic patients, and has been previously shown to modulate both ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in rodents. However, its mechanism for LDL-C lowering, efficacy in models of atherosclerosis and relevance in humans are unknown. Here we show that ETC-1002 is a prodrug that requires activation by very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (ACSVL1) to modulate both targets, and that inhibition of ACL leads to LDL receptor upregulation, decreased LDL-C and attenuation of atherosclerosis, independently of AMPK. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the absence of ACSVL1 in skeletal muscle provides a mechanistic basis for ETC-1002 to potentially avoid the myotoxicity associated with statin therapy.
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Suwitchayanon P, Pukclai P, Ohno O, Suenaga K, Kato-Noguchi H. Isolation and Identification of an Allelopathic Substance from Hibiscus sabdariffa. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an allelopathic substance was isolated from an aqueous methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. by column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. The chemical structure of the substance was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as trimethyl allo-hydroxycitrate. Trimethyl allo-hydroxycitrate inhibited the growth of cress hypocotyls and roots at concentrations greater than 10 mM. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition of the hypocotyls and roots of cress were 20.3 and 14.4 mM, respectively. The inhibitory activity of trimethyl allo-hydroxycitrate suggests that the substance may act as an allelopathic substance of H. sabdariffa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapaipit Suwitchayanon
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Piyatida Pukclai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223–8522, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223–8522, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanley N Abramson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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Li JJ, Wang H, Tino JA, Robl JA, Herpin TF, Lawrence RM, Biller S, Jamil H, Ponticiello R, Chen L, Chu CH, Flynn N, Cheng D, Zhao R, Chen B, Schnur D, Obermeier MT, Sasseville V, Padmanabha R, Pike K, Harrity T. 2-hydroxy-N-arylbenzenesulfonamides as ATP-citrate lyase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3208-11. [PMID: 17383874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-hydroxy-N-arylbenzenesulfonamides were identified to be ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitors with compound 9 displaying potent in vitro activity (IC(50)=0.13 microM). Chronic oral dosing of compound 9 in high-fat fed mice lowered plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose, as well as inhibited weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Li
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, PO Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543-5400, USA.
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Hida H, Yamada T, Yamada Y. Genome shuffling of Streptomyces sp. U121 for improved production of hydroxycitric acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 73:1387-93. [PMID: 17043823 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
(2S, 3R)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) from Hibiscus subdariffa inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestine alpha-glucosidase, leading to reduction of carbohydrate metabolism. In our previous study, Streptomyces sp. U121 was identified as a producer of (2S, 3R)-HCA [Hida et al. (2005) Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 69:1555-1561]. Here, we applied genome shuffling of Streptomyces sp. U121 to achieve rapid improvement of HCA production. The initial mutant population was generated by nitrosoguanidine treatment of the spores, and an improved population producing fivefold more HCA over wild type was obtained by three rounds of genome shuffling. For efficient screening of the mutant library, trans-epoxyaconitic acid (EAA), an antibiotic analog of HCA, was utilized. EAA inhibited the regeneration of nonfused protoplasts, resulting in selective screening of shuffled strains. Mutant strains with enhanced EAA resistance exhibited significantly higher HCA production in liquid media. Furthermore, the best mutant showed increased cell growth in flask culture, as well as increased HCA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hida
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Fukuyama University, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
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Briggs ME, El Qacemi M, Kalaı̈ C, Zard SZ. A new approach to the synthesis of polycyclic structures. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chênevert R, Ngatcha BT, Rose YS, Goupil D. Regio- and enantioselectivity of the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of citric acid derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(98)00448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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