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Kadikova RN, Ramazanov IR, Gabdullin AM, Mozgovoj OS, Dzhemilev UM. Synthesis of heteroatom-containing pyrrolidine derivatives based on Ti(O- iPr) 4 and EtMgBr-catalyzed carbocyclization of allylpropargyl amines with Et 2Zn. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17881-17891. [PMID: 35515579 PMCID: PMC9053609 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ti(O-iPr)4 and EtMgBr-catalyzed regio and stereoselective carbocyclization of N-allyl-substituted 2-alkynylamines with Et2Zn, followed by deuterolysis or hydrolysis, affords the corresponding methylenepyrrolidine derivatives in high yields. It was found that Ti-Mg-catalyzed carbocyclization of N-allyl-substituted 2-alkynylamines with Et2Zn is equally selective in dichloromethane, hexane, toluene, and diethyl ether. The reaction was tolerant to the presence of aryl, alkyl, trimethylsilyl, methoxymethyl and aminomethyl substituents on the alkyne. A selective method was proposed for the preparation of bis-pyrrolidine derivatives using Ti-Mg-catalyzed carbocyclization of bis-allylpropargyl amines with Et2Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita N Kadikova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Ilfir R Ramazanov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Azat M Gabdullin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg S Mozgovoj
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Usein M Dzhemilev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
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Brenna D, Pirola M, Raimondi L, Burke AJ, Benaglia M. A stereoselective, catalytic strategy for the in-flow synthesis of advanced precursors of rasagiline and tamsulosin. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6242-6247. [PMID: 28153587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The diastereoselective, trichlorosilane-mediate reduction of imines, bearing different and removable chiral auxiliaries, in combination either with achiral bases or catalytic amounts of chiral Lewis bases, was investigated to afford immediate precursors of chiral APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients). The carbon-nitrogen double bond reduction was successfully performed in batch and in flow mode, in high yields and almost complete stereocontrol. By this metal-free approach, the formal synthesis of rasagiline and tamsulosin was successfully accomplished in micro(meso) flow reactors, under continuous flow conditions. The results of these explorative studies represent a new, important step towards the development of automated processes for the preparation of enantiopure biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Pirola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anthony J Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Center of Évora, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Georgiadis MO, Karoutzou O, Foscolos AS, Papanastasiou I. Sigma Receptor (σR) Ligands with Antiproliferative and Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:E1408. [PMID: 28841173 PMCID: PMC6151391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptor (σR) ligands have proven to be useful as cancer diagnostics and anticancer therapeutics and their ligands have been developed as molecular probes in oncology. Moreover, various σR ligands generate cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo. These σR ligands have exhibited promising results against numerous human and rodent cancers and are investigated under preclinical and clinical study trials, indicating a new category of drugs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos-Orestis Georgiadis
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Olga Karoutzou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Angeliki-Sofia Foscolos
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Papanastasiou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
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Conroy T, Manohar M, Gong Y, Wilkinson SM, Webster M, Lieberman BP, Banister SD, Reekie TA, Mach RH, Rendina LM, Kassiou M. A systematic exploration of the effects of flexibility and basicity on sigma (σ) receptor binding in a series of substituted diamines. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9388-9405. [PMID: 27714195 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00615a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (S1R) has attracted a great deal of attention as a prospective drug target due to its involvement in numerous neurological disorders and, more recently, for its therapeutic potential in neuropathic pain. As there was no crystal structure of this membrane-bound protein reported until 2016, ligand generation was driven by pharmacophore refinements to the general model suggested by Glennon and co-workers. The generalised S1R pharmacophore comprises a central region where a basic amino group is preferred, flanked by two hydrophobic groups. Guided by this pharmacophore, S1R ligands containing piperazines, piperazinones, and ethylenediamines have been developed. In the current work, we systematically deconstructed the piperazine core of a prototypic piperazine S1R ligand (vide infra) developed in our laboratories. Although we did not improve the affinity at the S1R compared to the lead, we identified several features important for affinity and selectivity. These included at least one basic nitrogen atom, conformational flexibility and, for S1R, a secondary or tertiary amine group proximal to the anisole. Furthermore, S2R selectivity can be tailored with functional group modifications of the N-atom proximal to the anisole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Conroy
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Madhura Manohar
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Yu Gong
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Shane M Wilkinson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Michael Webster
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Brian P Lieberman
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samuel D Banister
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tristan A Reekie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Collina S, Gaggeri R, Marra A, Bassi A, Negrinotti S, Negri F, Rossi D. Sigma receptor modulators: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:597-613. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.769522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Sigma receptors (σ-1 and σ-2) are non-opioid proteins implicated in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders and cancer. The σ-1 subtype is a chaperon protein widely distributed in the CNS and peripheral tissues. These receptors are involved in the modulation of K+- and Ca2+-dependent signaling cascades at the endoplasmic reticulum and modulation of neurotransmitter release. σ-1 receptors are emerging targets for the treatment of neurophychiatric diseases (schizophrenia and depression) and cocaine addiction. σ-2 receptors are lipid raft proteins. They are highly expressed on many tumor cells and hence considered potential targets for anticancer drugs. σ receptors bind to a diverse class of pharmacological compounds like cocaine, methamphetamine, benzomorphans like (±)-pentazocine, (±)-SKF-10,047 and endogenous neurosteroids and sphingolipids. In this review we focus on the early development of σ receptor-specific ligands and radiolabeling agents.
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Musachio JL, Mathews WB, Ravert HT, Carroll FI, Dannals RF. Synthesis of a radiotracer for studying σ receptors in vivo using PET: (+)-N-[11C]-benzyl-N-normetazocine (1S, 5S,9S-(+)-cis-2-[11C]-2′-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-6,7-benzomorphan). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580340107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Maeda DY, Williams W, Kim WE, Thatcher LN, Bowen WD, Coop A. N-arylalkylpiperidines as high-affinity sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor ligands: phenylpropylamines as potential leads for selective sigma-2 agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:497-500. [PMID: 11814827 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To delineate the differences between the structural requirements necessary for recognition at sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors, a range of phenethyl- and phenylpropylpiperidines were evaluated in binding assays. Phenethylpiperidines were found to favor sigma-1 receptors, whereas phenylpropylpiperidines tend to favor sigma-2 receptors. It appears that phenylpropylamine is a potential pharmacophore for selective sigma-2 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Y Maeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Scorza MC, Carrau C, Silveira R, Zapata-Torres G, Cassels BK, Reyes-Parada M. Monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties of some methoxylated and alkylthio amphetamine derivatives: structure-activity relationships. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 54:1361-9. [PMID: 9393679 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory properties of a series of amphetamine derivatives with different substituents at or around the para position of the aromatic ring were evaluated. In in vitro studies in which a crude rat brain mitochondrial suspension was used as the source of MAO, several compounds showed a strong (IC50 in the submicromolar range), selective, reversible, time-independent, and concentration-related inhibition of MAO-A. After i.p. injection, the compounds induced an increase of serotonin and a decrease of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the raphe nuclei and hippocampus, confirming the in vitro results. The analysis of structure-activity relationships indicates that: molecules with amphetamine-like structure and different substitutions on the aromatic ring are potentially MAO-A inhibitors; substituents at different positions of the aromatic ring modify the potency but have little influence on the selectivity; substituents at the para position such as amino, alkoxyl, halogens, or alkylthio produce a significant increase in the activity; the para-substituent must be an electron donor; bulky groups next to the para substituent lead to a decrease in the activity; substituents located at positions more distant on the aromatic ring have less influence and, even when the substituent is a halogen (Cl, Br), an increase in the activity of the compound is obtained. Finally, the MAO-A inhibitory properties of some of the compounds evaluated are discussed in relation to: (a) potential antidepressant activity, and (b) their reported hallucinogenic, neurotoxic, or anxiolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Scorza
- División Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Fujimura K, Matsumoto J, Niwa M, Kobayashi T, Kawashima Y, In Y, Ishida T. Synthesis, structure and quantitative structure-activity relationships of sigma receptor ligands, 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl) piperazines. Bioorg Med Chem 1997; 5:1675-83. [PMID: 9313869 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(97)00093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A set of the title compounds having different substituents (R1, R2) on their phenyl groups was synthesized to find sigma receptor binding affinity. Among the compounds, 2b (R1 = R2 = Cl) has the most potent sigma 1-binding activity, while 2a (R1 = R2 = H, SA4503) was most selective to sigma 1 over sigma 2 receptor. The crystal structures of 2a and 2b were shown, by X-ray crystallography, to be similar except for the one torsional angle of their propylene parts. Quantitative structure-activity relationship study suggested the affinity of the compounds to the sigma 1 receptor was dependent on the electronic feature, Swain-Lupton's R or Sz that was derived by molecular orbital method, of R1 and R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujimura
- Developmental Research Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Glennon RA, Young R, Herndon JL. Antagonism of a (+)N-allylnormetazocine stimulus by (-)PPAP and several structurally related analogs. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1993; 45:865-9. [PMID: 8105490 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(93)90133-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Employing rats trained to discriminate 5 mg/kg of the benzomorphan opioid (+)N-allylnormetazocine [(+)NANM] from vehicle, tests of stimulus generalization and antagonism were conducted to determine the influence of several potential sigma-receptor ligands. It has been previously suggested that the (+)NANM stimulus may involve concurrent action at sigma- and phencyclidine (PCP) receptors. Although the low-affinity sigma-antagonist rimcazole was without stimulus-attenuating effect, three novel sigma-ligands--(-)PPAP, CNS 3018, and CNS 3093 (ID50 doses = 3.2, 6.7, and 4.5 mg/kg, respectively)--antagonized the (+)NANM stimulus in a dose-related fashion. The nonselective serotonergic agent 1-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenylpiperazine (TFMPP) produced partial generalization in (+)NANM-trained animals whereas buspirone, a 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) agonist, attenuated (to 27% drug-appropriate responding) the (+)NANM stimulus. Because the prototypic 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) failed to attenuate the (+)NANM stimulus at pharmacologically relevant doses, it seems unlikely that the (+)NANM stimulus involves a 5-HT1A mechanism. TFMPP and buspirone display modest affinity for sigma-receptors and this may account for the present findings with these agents. The present results neither establish a role for sigma involvement in the stimulus properties of (+)NANM nor eliminate a role for PCP receptors. They do, however, demonstrate that sigma-ligands with little to no affinity for PCP receptors are capable of antagonizing the (+)NANM stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Glennon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0540
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Abou-Gharbia M, Ablordeppey SY, Glennon RA. Chapter 1. Sigma Receptors and their Ligands: The Sigma Enigma. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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