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Volkova Y, Scherbakov A, Dzichenka Y, Komkov A, Bogdanov F, Salnikova D, Dmitrenok A, Sachanka A, Sorokin D, Zavarzin I. Design and synthesis of phosphoryl-substituted steroidal pyridazines (Pho-STPYRs) as potent estrogen receptor alpha inhibitors: targeted treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer cells. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2380-2399. [PMID: 39026643 PMCID: PMC11253874 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00153b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is an important target for the discovery of new therapeutic drugs against hormone-dependent breast cancer. A series of phosphoryl-substituted steroidal pyridazines (Pho-STPYRs) were synthesized and biologically evaluated as potent ERα inhibitors. Pho-STPYRs showed cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 5.9 μM and higher. Pho-STPYRs 33 and 34 [IC50 (MCF7) = 6.5 and 5.9 μM, respectively] were found to block the expression of ERα, the main driver of breast cancer growth, and modulate the ERK, cyclin D1, and CDK4 pathways. Compound 34 showed selectivity, anti-estrogenic potency and high antiproliferative efficacy in combination with the AKT inhibitor. Molecular docking was used to more accurately define the binding mode of lead compounds 33 and 34 to ERα. The selectivity analysis showed that lead compounds 33 and 34 produce no effects on cytochromes P450, including CYP7A1, CYP7B1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, and CYP21A2. In a word, Pho-STPYRs 33 and 34 are promising ERα inhibitors for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Volkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology 24 Kashirskoe shosse 115522 Moscow Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics 11 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya ulitsa 119021 Moscow Russia
| | - Yaraslau Dzichenka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 5/2 Kuprevich Str 220141 Minsk Belarus
| | - Alexander Komkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Fedor Bogdanov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology 24 Kashirskoe shosse 115522 Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Moscow State University 27-1 Lomonosovsky prosp 119192 Moscow Russia
| | - Diana Salnikova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp 119991 Moscow Russia
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology 24 Kashirskoe shosse 115522 Moscow Russia
| | - Andrey Dmitrenok
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Antos Sachanka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 5/2 Kuprevich Str 220141 Minsk Belarus
| | - Danila Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology 24 Kashirskoe shosse 115522 Moscow Russia
| | - Igor Zavarzin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp 119991 Moscow Russia
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Hu L, Zhang D, Huang X, Liu F, Li X, Teng M, Huang G. Metal‐Free Arylsulfonyl Radical Triggered Cascade Cyclization of
Phenyl‐Linked
1,
6‐Enynes
: Synthesis of 2,
3‐Dihydro‐1
H
‐indenes and 10a,
11‐Dihydro‐10
H
‐benzo[b]fluorines. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin‐Ping Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yunnan Normal University Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - De‐Run Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yunnan Normal University Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Xiao‐Hong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yunnan Normal University Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Feng‐Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yunnan Normal University Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Library Yunnan Normal University Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Ming‐Yu Teng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yunnan Normal University Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Guo‐Li Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yunnan Normal University Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
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Gupta P, Kumar RV, Kwon CH, Chen ZS. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of sulfur containing 9-anilinoacridines. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:102-119. [PMID: 34323200 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210728122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA topoisomerases are a class of enzymes that play a critical role in fundamental biological processes of replication, transcription, recombination, repair and chromatin remodeling. Amsacrine (m-AMSA), the best-known compound of 9-anilinoacridines series was one of the first DNA-intercalating agents to be considered as a Topoisomerase II inhibitor. OBJECTIVE A series of sulfur containing 9-anilinoacridines related to amsacrine were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity. METHODS Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. The topoisomerase II inhibitory assay was performed using the Human topoisomerase II Assay kit and flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effects on cell cycle of K562 cells. Molecular docking was performed using Schrödinger Maestro program. RESULTS Compound 36 was found to be the most cytotoxic of the sulfide series against SW620, K562, and MCF-7. The limited SAR suggested the importance of the methansulfonamidoacetamide side chain functionality, the lipophilicity and relative metabolic stability of 36 in contributing to the cytotoxicity. Topoisomerase II α inhibitory activity appeared to be involved in the cytotoxicity of 36 through inhibition of decatenation of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) in a concentration dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis further showed the Topo II inhibition through accumulation of K562 cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle. Docking of 36 into the Topo II α-DNA complex suggested that it may be an allosteric inhibitor of Topo II α. CONCLUSION Compound 36 exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting topoisomerase II and it could further be evaluated in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Radhika V Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Chul-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
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Raju B, Choudhary S, Narendra G, Verma H, Silakari O. Molecular modeling approaches to address drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) mediated chemoresistance: a review. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:45-75. [PMID: 33535824 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1874406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resistance against clinically approved anticancer drugs is the main roadblock in cancer treatment. Drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) that are capable of metabolizing a variety of xenobiotic get overexpressed in malignant cells, therefore, catalyzing drug inactivation. As evident from the literature reports, the levels of DMEs increase in cancer cells that ultimately lead to drug inactivation followed by drug resistance. To puzzle out this issue, several strategies inclusive of analog designing, prodrug designing, and inhibitor designing have been forged. On that front, the implementation of computational tools can be considered a fascinating approach to address the problem of chemoresistance. Various research groups have adopted different molecular modeling tools for the investigation of DMEs mediated toxicity problems. However, the utilization of these in-silico tools in maneuvering the DME mediated chemoresistance is least considered and yet to be explored. These tools can be employed in the designing of such chemotherapeutic agents that are devoid of the resistance problem. The current review canvasses various molecular modeling approaches that can be implemented to address this issue. Special focus was laid on the development of specific inhibitors of DMEs. Additionally, the strategies to bypass the DMEs mediated drug metabolism were also contemplated in this report that includes analogs and pro-drugs designing. Different strategies discussed in the review will be beneficial in designing novel chemotherapeutic agents that depreciate the resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baddipadige Raju
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Shalki Choudhary
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Gera Narendra
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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Tao G, Huang J, Moorthy B, Wang C, Hu M, Gao S, Ghose R. Potential role of drug metabolizing enzymes in chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and hepatotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:1109-1124. [PMID: 32841068 PMCID: PMC8059872 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1815705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxicity of chemotherapy drugs is the leading cause of poor therapeutic outcome in many cancer patients. Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity and hepatotoxicity are among the most common side effects of current chemotherapies. Emerging studies indicate that many chemotherapy-induced toxicities are driven by drug metabolism, but very few reviews summarize the role of drug metabolism in chemotherapy-induced GI toxicity and hepatotoxicity. In this review, we highlighted the importance of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in chemotherapy toxicity. AREAS COVERED Our review demonstrated that altered activity of DMEs play important role in chemotherapy-induced GI toxicity and hepatotoxicity. Besides direct changes in catalytic activities, the transcription of DMEs is also affected by inflammation, cell-signaling pathways, and/or by drugs in cancer patients due to the disease etiology. EXPERT OPINION More studies should focus on how DMEs are altered during chemotherapy treatment, and how such changes affect the metabolism of chemotherapy drug itself. This mutual interaction between chemotherapies and DMEs can lead to excessive exposure of parent drug or toxic metabolites which ultimately cause GI adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Tao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston TX, U.S
| | - Junqing Huang
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Cathryn Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston TX, U.S
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston TX, U.S
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston TX, U.S
| | - Romi Ghose
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston TX, U.S
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Li XT, Lv L, Wang T, Gu QS, Xu GX, Li ZL, Ye L, Zhang X, Cheng GJ, Liu XY. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Catalytic Radical Oxysulfonylation of Alkenes in β,γ-Unsaturated Ketoximes. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Verma H, Singh Bahia M, Choudhary S, Kumar Singh P, Silakari O. Drug metabolizing enzymes-associated chemo resistance and strategies to overcome it. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:196-223. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1632886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Verma
- MolecularModelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | | | - Shalki Choudhary
- MolecularModelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- MolecularModelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Om Silakari
- MolecularModelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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Tarahhomi A, van der Lee A. Synthesis and crystal structures of new phosphoric triamides: study of intermolecular interactions by semi-empirical calculations and Hirshfeld surface analysis. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Therapeutic journery of nitrogen mustard as alkylating anticancer agents: Historic to future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:401-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Liu H, Wu B, Ge Y, Huang J, Song S, Wang C, Yao J, Liu K, Li Y, Li Y, Ma X. Phosphamide-containing diphenylpyrimidine analogues (PA-DPPYs) as potent focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors with enhanced activity against pancreatic cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6313-6321. [PMID: 29102081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A family of phosphamide-containing diphenylpyrimidine analogues (PA-DPPYs) were synthesized as potent focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors. The PA-DPPY derivatives could significantly inhibit the FAK enzymatic activity at concentrations lower than 10.69 nM. Among them, compounds 7a and 7e were two of the most active FAK inhibitors, possessing IC50 values of 4.25 nM and 4.65 nM, respectively. In particular, compound 7e also displayed strong activity against AsPC cell line, with an IC50 of 1.66 μM, but show low activity against the normal HPDE6-C7 cells (IC50 > 20 μM), indicating its low cell cytotoxicity. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis showed that after treatment with 7e (8 μM, 72 h), both AsPC and Panc cells growth were almost totally inhibited, with a cell viability rate of 16.8% and 18.1%, respectively. Overall, compound 7e may be served as a valuable FAK inhibitor for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yang Ge
- College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Shijie Song
- College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Yongming Li
- College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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11
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Lin S, Li Y, Zheng Y, Luo L, Sun Q, Ge Z, Cheng T, Li R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of quinazoline–phosphoramidate mustard conjugates as anticancer drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:442-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Design and synthesis of phosphoryl-substituted diphenylpyrimidines (Pho-DPPYs) as potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors: Targeted treatment of B lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:765-772. [PMID: 27956037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A family of phosphoryl-substituted diphenylpyrimidine derivatives (Pho-DPPYs) were synthesized and biologically evaluated as potent BTK inhibitors in this study. Compound 7b was found to markedly inhibit BTK activity at concentrations of 0.82nmol/L, as well as to suppress the proliferations of B-cell leukemia cell lines (Ramos and Raji) expressing high levels of BTK at concentrations of 3.17μM and 6.69μM. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis results further indicated that 7b promoted cell apoptosis to a substantial degree. In a word, compound 7b is a promising BTK inhibitor for the treatment of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Wang J, Wang YJ, Chen ZS, Kwon CH. Synthesis and evaluation of sulfonylethyl-containing phosphotriesters of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine as anticancer prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5747-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Shariatinia Z, Mirhosseini Mousavi HS, Bereciartua PJ, Dusek M. Structures of a novel phosphoric triamide and its organotin(IV) complex. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Many prodrug reviews describe specific examples of the successful application of prodrug technology to produce blockbuster drugs, such as simvastatin, omeprazole, acyclovir and enalapril. These reviews are helpful to understand the previous success stories and case histories of prodrug technology. The aim of the current review seeks to more clearly define quantitative trends in the changes in the physicochemical property parameters between the successful prodrug and the active parent molecule. This information can serve to guide medicinal chemists toward more successful pharmaceutical prodrugs in the future.
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Li JX, Schieberle P, Steinhaus M. Characterization of the major odor-active compounds in Thai durian ( Durio zibethinus L. 'Monthong') by aroma extract dilution analysis and headspace gas chromatography-olfactometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11253-62. [PMID: 23088286 DOI: 10.1021/jf303881k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An aroma extract dilution analysis applied on the volatile fraction isolated from Thai durian by solvent extraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation resulted in 44 odor-active compounds in the flavor dilution (FD) factor range of 1-16384, 41 of which could be identified and 24 that had not been reported in durian before. High FD factors were found for ethyl (2S)-2-methylbutanoate (fruity; FD 16384), ethyl cinnamate (honey; FD 4096), and 1-(ethylsulfanyl)ethanethiol (roasted onion; FD 1024), followed by 1-(ethyldisulfanyl)-1-(ethylsulfanyl)ethane (sulfury, onion), 2(5)-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5(2)-methylfuran-3(2H)-one (caramel), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one (soup seasoning), ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (fruity), ethyl butanoate (fruity), 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol (skunky), ethane-1,1-dithiol (sulfury, durian), 1-(methylsulfanyl)ethanethiol (roasted onion), 1-(ethylsulfanyl)propane-1-thiol (roasted onion), and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (caramel). Among the highly volatile compounds screened by static headspace gas chromatography-olfactometry, hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg), acetaldehyde (fresh, fruity), methanethiol (rotten, cabbage), ethanethiol (rotten, onion), and propane-1-thiol (rotten, durian) were found as additional potent odor-active compounds. Fourteen of the 41 characterized durian odorants showed an alkane-1,1-dithiol, 1-(alkylsulfanyl)alkane-1-thiol, or 1,1-bis(alkylsulfanyl)alkane structure derived from acetaldehyde, propanal, hydrogen sulfide, and alkane-1-thiols. Among these, 1-(propylsulfanyl)ethanethiol, 1-{[1-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]sulfanyl}ethanethiol, and 1-{[1-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl]sulfanyl}ethanethiol were reported for the first time in a natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiao Li
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie-German Research Center for Food Chemistry, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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17
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Xiang D, Huang P, Wang K, Zhou G, Liang Y, Dong D. Efficient and divergent synthesis of cyclophosphamide analogues from 2-arylamino-3-acetyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6236-8. [PMID: 19082131 DOI: 10.1039/b815416c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of substituted cyclophosphamidic chlorides and their analogues has been developed from readily available enaminones, 2-arylamino-3-acetyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexuan Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
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18
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Zhou C, Honcharenko D, Chattopadhyaya J. 2-(4-Tolylsulfonyl)ethoxymethyl (TEM)-a new 2'-OH protecting group for solid-supported RNA synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 5:333-43. [PMID: 17205178 DOI: 10.1039/b614210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 2-(4-tolylsulfonyl)ethoxymethyl (TEM) as a new 2'-OH protecting group is reported for solid-supported RNA synthesis using phosphoramidite chemistry. The usefulness of the 2'-O-TEM group is exemplified by the synthesis of 12 different oligo-RNAs of various sizes (14-38 nucleotides long). The stepwise coupling yield varied from 97-99% with an optimized coupling time of 120 s. The synthesis of all four pure phosphoramidite building blocks is also described. Two new reliable parameters, delta(C2')-delta(C3') and delta(H2')-delta(H3'), have been suggested for the characterization of isomeric 2'-O-TEM and 3'-O-TEM as well as other isomeric mono 2'/3'-protected ribonucleoside derivatives. The most striking feature of this strategy is that the crude RNA prepared using our 2'-O-TEM strategy is sufficiently pure (>90%) for molecular biology research without any additional purification step, thereby making oligo-RNAs easily available at a relatively low cost, saving both time and lab resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzheng Zhou
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, S-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Sun Q, Li RT, Guo W, Cui JR, Cheng TM, Ge ZM. Novel class of cyclophosphamide prodrug: Cyclophosphamide spiropiperaziniums (CPSP). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3727-30. [PMID: 16682187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of cyclophosphamide spiropiperaziniums was synthesized and evaluated for their in vivo anti-cancer activities against S180 and H22. Most of them exhibited definite activities. Especially, compounds 8b and 8k showed good anti-cancer activities, meanwhile, 8k also showed much lower toxicity than CP. Several interesting structure-activity relationships were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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