1
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Huang Y, Li X, Mai BK, Tonogai EJ, Smith AJ, Hergenrother PJ, Liu P, Hoveyda AH. A catalytic process enables efficient and programmable access to precisely altered indole alkaloid scaffolds. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1003-1014. [PMID: 38374457 PMCID: PMC11328697 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A compound's overall contour impacts its ability to elicit biological response, rendering access to distinctly shaped molecules desirable. A natural product's framework can be modified, but only if it is abundant and contains suitably modifiable functional groups. Here we introduce a programmable strategy for concise synthesis of precisely altered scaffolds of scarce bridged polycyclic alkaloids. Central to our approach is a scalable catalytic multi-component process that delivers diastereo- and enantiomerically enriched tertiary homoallylic alcohols bearing differentiable alkenyl moieties. We used one product to launch progressively divergent syntheses of a naturally occurring alkaloid and its precisely expanded, contracted and/or distorted framework analogues (average number of steps/scaffold of seven). In vitro testing showed that a skeleton expanded by one methylene in two regions is cytotoxic against four types of cancer cell line. Mechanistic and computational studies offer an account for several unanticipated selectivity trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Huang
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Xinghan Li
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily J Tonogai
- Department of Chemistry, Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Amanda J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Amir H Hoveyda
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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2
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Zhang J, Xu W, Xu MH. Low Coordination State Rh I -Complex as High Performance Catalyst for Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanation: Construction of penta-Substituted Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216799. [PMID: 36602264 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple, broad-scope rhodium(I)/chiral diene catalytic system for challenging asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation of various tri-substituted allylic diazoacetates was successfully developed. The low coordination state RhI -complex exhibits an extraordinarily high degree of tolerance to the variation in the extent of substitution of the allyl double bond, thus allowing the efficient construction of a wide range of penta-substituted, fused-ring cyclopropanes bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers, including two quaternary carbon stereocenters, in a highly enantioselective manner with ease at catalyst loading as low as 0.1 mol %. The stereoinduction mode of this RhI -carbene-directed asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation was investigated by DFT calculations, indicating that π-π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of chiral diene ligand and diazo substrate play a key role in the control of the reaction enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyou Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weici Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Gao Q, Xu S. Site- and Stereoselective C(sp 3 )-H Borylation of Strained (Hetero)Cycloalkanols Enabled by Iridium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218025. [PMID: 36581587 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed site- and stereoselective C-H activation of strained (hetero)cycloalkanes remains a formidable challenge. We herein report a carbamate-directed iridium-catalyzed asymmetric β-C(sp3 )-H borylation of cyclopropanol derivatives. A variety of densely functionalized cyclopropanols were obtained in good enantioselectivities via desymmetrization and kinetic resolution. In addition, site-selective C(sp3 )-H borylation of methine groups furnished α-borylated (hetero)cycloalkanols in moderate to good yields. The synthetic utility of the method was further shown in a gram-scale synthesis and diverse downstream transformations of borylated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Senmiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Mills B, Isaac RE, Foster R. Metalloaminopeptidases of the Protozoan Parasite Plasmodium falciparum as Targets for the Discovery of Novel Antimalarial Drugs. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1763-1785. [PMID: 33534577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Malaria poses a significant threat to approximately half of the world's population with an annual death toll close to half a million. The emergence of resistance to front-line antimalarials in the most lethal human parasite species, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), threatens progress made in malaria control. The prospect of losing the efficacy of antimalarial drugs is driving the search for small molecules with new modes of action. Asexual reproduction of the parasite is critically dependent on the recycling of amino acids through catabolism of hemoglobin (Hb), which makes metalloaminopeptidases (MAPs) attractive targets for the development of new drugs. The Pf genome encodes eight MAPs, some of which have been found to be essential for parasite survival. In this article, we discuss the biological structure and function of each MAP within the Pf genome, along with the drug discovery efforts that have been undertaken to identify novel antimalarial candidates of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Mills
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K., LS2 9JT
| | - R Elwyn Isaac
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K., LS2 9JT
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K., LS2 9JT
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5
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Morgen M, Jöst C, Malz M, Janowski R, Niessing D, Klein CD, Gunkel N, Miller AK. Spiroepoxytriazoles Are Fumagillin-like Irreversible Inhibitors of MetAP2 with Potent Cellular Activity. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1001-11. [PMID: 26686773 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) are responsible for the cotranslational cleavage of initiator methionines from nascent proteins. The MetAP2 subtype is up-regulated in many cancers, and selective inhibition of MetAP2 suppresses both vascularization and growth of tumors in animal models. The natural product fumagillin is a selective and potent irreversible inhibitor of MetAP2, and semisynthetic derivatives of fumagillin have shown promise in clinical studies for the treatment of cancer, and, more recently, for obesity. Further development of fumagillin derivatives has been complicated, however, by their generally poor pharmacokinetics. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, we developed an easily diversifiable synthesis of a novel class of MetAP2 inhibitors that were designed to mimic fumagillin's molecular scaffold but have improved pharmacological profiles. These substances were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of MetAP2, as demonstrated in biochemical enzymatic assays against three MetAP isoforms. Inhibitors with the same relative and absolute stereoconfiguration as fumagillin displayed significantly higher activity than their diastereomeric and enantiomeric isomers. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the inhibitors covalently modify His231 in the MetAP2 active site via ring-opening of a spiroepoxide. Biochemically active substances inhibited the growth of endothelial cells and a MetAP2-sensitive cancer cell line, while closely related inactive isomers had little effect on the proliferation of either cell type. These effects correlated with altered N-terminal processing of the protein 14-3-3-γ. Finally, selected substances were found to have improved stabilities in mouse plasma and microsomes relative to the clinically investigated fumagillin derivative beloranib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Morgen
- Cancer
Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neunheimer
Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Jöst
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mona Malz
- Cancer
Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neunheimer
Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Janowski
- Institute
of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Niessing
- Institute
of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Biomedical Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian D. Klein
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolas Gunkel
- Cancer
Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neunheimer
Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aubry K. Miller
- Cancer
Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neunheimer
Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Sule NV, Ugrinov A, Mallik S, Srivastava DK. Bridging of a substrate between cyclodextrin and an enzyme's active site pocket triggers a unique mode of inhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:141-9. [PMID: 25450177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (MetAMC) serves as a substrate for the Escherichia coli methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) catalyzed reaction, and is routinely used for screening compounds to identify potential antibiotic agents. In pursuit of screening the enzyme's inhibitors, we observed that 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), utilized to solubilize hydrophobic inhibitors, inhibited the catalytic activity of the enzyme, and such inhibition was not solely due to sequestration of the substrate by HP-β-CD. METHODS The mechanistic path for the HP-β-CD mediated inhibition of MetAP was probed by performing a detailed account of steady-state kinetics, ligand binding, X-ray crystallographic, and molecular modeling studies. RESULTS X-ray crystallographic data of the β-cyclodextrin-substrate (β-CD-MetAMC) complex reveal that while the AMC moiety of the substrate is confined within the CD cavity, the methionine moiety protrudes outward. The steady-state kinetic data for inhibition of MetAP by HP-β-CD-MetAMC conform to a model mechanism in which the substrate is "bridged" between HP-β-CD and the enzyme's active-site pocket, forming HP-β-CD-MetAMC-MetAP as the catalytically inactive ternary complex. Molecular modeling shows that the scissile bond of HP-β-CD-bound MetAMC substrate does not reach within the proximity of the enzyme's catalytic metal center, and thus the substrate fails to undergo cleavage. CONCLUSIONS The data presented herein suggests that the bridging of the substrate between the enzyme and HP-β-CD cavities is facilitated by interaction of their surfaces, and the resulting complex inhibits the enzyme activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Due to its potential interaction with physiological proteins via sequestered substrates, caution must be exercised in HP-β-CD mediated delivery of drugs under pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh V Sule
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States.
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - D K Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States.
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7
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van den Heever JP, Thompson TS, Curtis JM, Ibrahim A, Pernal SF. Fumagillin: an overview of recent scientific advances and their significance for apiculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2728-37. [PMID: 24621007 DOI: 10.1021/jf4055374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fumagillin is a potent fungal metabolite first isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus. It is widely used in apiculture and human medicine against a variety of microsporidian fungal infections. It has been the subject of research in cancer treatments by employing its angiogenesis inhibitory properties. The toxicity of fumagillin has limited its use for human applications and spurred the development of analogues using structure-activity relationships relating to its angiogenesis properties. These discoveries may hold the key to the development of alternative chemical treatments for use in apiculture. The toxicity of fumagillin to humans is important for beekeeping, because any residues remaining in hive products pose a direct risk to the consumer. The analytical methods published to date measure fumagillin and its decomposition products but overlook the dicyclohexylamine counterion of the salt form widely used in apiculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan P van den Heever
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development , Animal Health and Assurance Division, Agri-Food Laboratories Branch, 6909-116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 4P2
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8
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of a cellular stable and detectable biotinylated fumagillin probe and investigation of cell permeability of fumagillin and its analogs to endothelial and cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:631-9. [PMID: 24211639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fumagillin (1), a natural product of fungal origin, and its analogs were discovered to be extremely potent and highly selective inhibitors restraining endothelial cell proliferation in vitro by covalently binding to MetAP2. In order to further understand the unclear biological mechanisms and pharmacological processes of fumagillin and its derivatives, fumagillin-biotin conjugate 8 was designed and synthesized, which is linked with a 27-atom connection chain and by urethane (carbamate) bonds between fumagillol and D-norbiotinamine. The conjugate 8 shows comparable activity and selectivity against HUVEC proliferation as fumagillin. It was demonstrated that the conjugate 8 is stable inside the cell and its linker is of a suitable length for the detection of biotin in native and denatured conditions. Using the conjugate 8, it was determined that the cell permeability of fumagillin (1) and its analogs are not responsible for their inhibitory activity difference against the proliferation of endothelial and cancer cells. Furthermore, we confidently believe that our present strategy is a versatile and convenient method for investigating drug's cell permeability along with other studies regardless of reversible or irreversible interaction between the drug and binding target/s.
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9
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Wang Y, Li ZL, Bai J, Zhang LM, Wu X, Zhang L, Pei YH, Jing YK, Hua HM. 2,5-diketopiperazines from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus YK-7. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:385-93. [PMID: 22344914 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Five new diketopiperazines, prenylcyclotryprostatin B (1), 20-hydroxycyclotryprostatin B (2), 9-hydroxyfumitremorgin C (3), 6-hydroxytryprostatin B (4), and spirogliotoxin (5), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus YK-7, along with nine known compounds, 6-14. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and their antiproliferative effects on human leukemic monocyte lymphoma U937 and human prostate cancer PC-3 cell lines were assessed in vitro. Compounds 10, 12, and 13 exhibited significant cell growth-inhibitory activities against U937 cell line, with the IC(50) values of 1.8, 0.2, and 0.5 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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10
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Bhat S, Shim JS, Zhang F, Chong CR, Liu JO. Substituted oxines inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2979-92. [PMID: 22391578 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two substituted oxines, nitroxoline (5) and 5-chloroquinolin-8-yl phenylcarbamate (22), were identified as hits in a high-throughput screen aimed at finding new anti-angiogenic agents. In a previous study, we have elucidated the molecular mechanism of antiproliferative activity of nitroxoline in endothelial cells, which comprises of a dual inhibition of type 2 human methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP2) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Structure-activity relationship study (SAR) of nitroxoline offered many surprises where minor modifications yielded oxine derivatives with increased potency against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), but with entirely different as yet unknown mechanisms. For example, 5-nitrosoquinolin-8-ol (33) inhibited HUVEC growth with sub-micromolar IC(50), but did not affect MetAP2 or MetAP1, and it only showed weak inhibition against SIRT1. Other sub-micromolar inhibitors were derivatives of 5-aminoquinolin-8-ol (34) and 8-sulfonamidoquinoline (32). A sulfamate derivative of nitroxoline (48) was found to be more potent than nitroxoline with the retention of activities against MetAP2 and SIRT1. The bioactivity of the second hit, micromolar HUVEC and MetAP2 inhibitor carbamate 22 was improved further with an SAR study culminating in carbamate 24 which is a nanomolar inhibitor of HUVEC and MetAP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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11
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Balthaser BR, Maloney MC, Beeler AB, Porco JA, Snyder JK. Remodelling of the natural product fumagillol employing a reaction discovery approach. Nat Chem 2012; 3:969-73. [PMID: 22213919 PMCID: PMC3254213 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new biologically active molecules, diversity-oriented synthetic strategies break through the limitation of traditional library synthesis by sampling new chemical space. Many natural products can be regarded as intriguing starting points for diversity-oriented synthesis, wherein stereochemically rich core structures may be reorganized into chemotypes that are distinctly different from the parent structure. Ideally, to be suited to library applications, such transformations should be general and involve few steps. With this objective in mind, the highly oxygenated natural product fumagillol has been successfully remodelled in several ways using a reaction-discovery-based approach. In reactions with amines, excellent regiocontrol in a bis-epoxide opening/cyclization sequence can be obtained by size-dependent interaction of an appropriate catalyst with the parent molecule, forming either perhydroisoindole or perhydroisoquinoline products. Perhydroisoindoles can be further remodelled by cascade processes to afford either morpholinone or bridged 4,1-benzoxazepine-containing structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley R Balthaser
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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12
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Arico-Muendel CC, Benjamin DR, Caiazzo TM, Centrella PA, Contonio BD, Cook CM, Doyle EG, Hannig G, Labenski MT, Searle LL, Lind K, Morgan BA, Olson G, Paradise CL, Self C, Skinner SR, Sluboski B, Svendsen JL, Thompson CD, Westlin W, White KF. Carbamate analogues of fumagillin as potent, targeted inhibitors of methionine aminopeptidase-2. J Med Chem 2010; 52:8047-56. [PMID: 19929003 DOI: 10.1021/jm901260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2) represents a novel approach to antiangiogenic therapy. We describe the synthesis and activity of fumagillin analogues that address the pharmacokinetic and safety liabilities of earlier candidates in this compound class. Two-step elaboration of fumagillol with amines yielded a diverse series of carbamates at C6 of the cyclohexane spiroepoxide. The most potent of these compounds exhibited subnanomolar inhibition of cell proliferation in HUVEC and BAEC assays. Although a range of functionalities were tolerated at this position, alpha-trisubstituted amines possessed markedly decreased inhibitory activity, and this could be rationalized by modeling based on the known fumagillin-MetAP2 crystal structure. The lead compound resulting from these studies, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-methoxy-4-((2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl (R)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate, (PPI-2458), demonstrated an improved pharmacokinetic profile relative to the earlier clinical candidate TNP-470, and has advanced into phase I clinical studies in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and solid cancers.
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13
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Chen X, Xie S, Bhat S, Kumar N, Shapiro TA, Liu JO. Fumagillin and fumarranol interact with P. falciparum methionine aminopeptidase 2 and inhibit malaria parasite growth in vitro and in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:193-202. [PMID: 19246010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The fumagillin family of natural products is known to inhibit angiogenesis through irreversible inhibition of human type 2 methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP2). Recently, fumagillin and TNP-470 were reported to possess antimalarial activity in vitro, and it was hypothesized that this inhibition was mediated by interaction with the putative malarial ortholog of human MetAP2. In this report, we have overexpressed and purified to near-homogeneity PfMetAP2 from bacteria, yeast, and insect cells. Although none of the recombinant forms of PfMetAP2 exhibited enzymatic activity in existing assays, PfMetAP2 proteins expressed in both yeast and insect cells were able to bind to fumagillin in a pull-down assay. The interaction between fumagillin and analogs with PfMetAP2 was further demonstrated using a newly established mammalian three-hybrid assay incorporating a conjugate between dexamethasone and fumagillin. Unlike human (Hs)MetAP2, it was found that PfMetAP2 is bound to fumagillin noncovalently. Importantly, a new analog of fumagillin, fumarranol, was demonstrated to interact with PfMetAP2 and inhibit the growth of both chloroquine-sensitive and drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro. Antiparasite activity of fumagillin and fumarranol was also demonstrated in vivo using a mouse malaria model. These findings suggest that PfMetAP2 is a viable target, and fumarranol is a promising lead compound for the development of novel antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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14
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Sashidhara KV, White KN, Crews P. A selective account of effective paradigms and significant outcomes in the discovery of inspirational marine natural products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:588-603. [PMID: 19209899 PMCID: PMC2837139 DOI: 10.1021/np800817y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Marine natural products continue to be a source of significant molecular structures that serve as a stimulus to seed further significant research. This account reviews some of the major advances in the study of marine biomolecules made at UC Santa Cruz over more than three decades. The continuing challenge of discovery and characterization of what we term "inspirational molecular structures" will be presented in a comprehensive fashion. Examples of privileged molecular structures and their impact on biomedicinal research will be an important theme. The three major groups of organisms explored include seaweeds, sponges, and marine-derived fungi, and the study of their active principles has greatly benefited from synergistic collaborations with both academic and biopharmaceutical groups. The concluding sections of this chronicle will touch on prospects for future outcomes involving new sources and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koneni V. Sashidhara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Kimberly N. White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
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15
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Developing Aspergillus as a host for heterologous expression. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:53-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Teicher BA. In vivo/ex vivo and in situ assays used in cancer research: a brief review. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 37:114-22. [PMID: 19098118 DOI: 10.1177/0192623308329473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Predicting whether a potential new anticancer agent will have a positive therapeutic index in patients remains a challenge. This brief review provides examples of preclinical in vivo/ex vivo and in situ assays used to assess the therapeutic potential of experimental anticancer therapeutics. Excision assays involving removal of tumor, bone marrow, and other tissues from the host after treatment to determine the effects of therapy in ex vivo assays are important preclinical tools. The survival of malignant cells from tumors treated in vivo and then excised is often determined by colony formation (CFU) in culture. When mice bearing in vivo alkylating agent-resistant tumors were treated with anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide, the survival pattern of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage-colony forming units (CFU-GM) paralleled tumor cell survival. When TNP-470 and minocycline, an antiangiogenic combination, were added to treatment with cytotoxic anticancer therapies, tumor response markedly increased. TNP-470/minocycline-treated mice had higher tissue drug levels than did mice treated with the drug alone. Enzastaurin, an antiangiogenic protein kinase Cbeta inhibitor, treatment decreased intratumoral vessels to one half to one quarter of controls. Simultaneous and sequential treatment regimens with enzastaurin and BCNU delayed tumor growth and increased lifespan in mice bearing subcutaneous or intracranial human T98G glioblastoma multiforme. Both TNP-470 and enzastaurin have undergone clinical trials. Enzastaurin is currently in Phase III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Genzyme Corporation, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, USA.
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17
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Hu X, Dang Y, Tenney K, Crews P, Tsai CW, Sixt KM, Cole PA, Liu JO. Regulation of c-Src nonreceptor tyrosine kinase activity by bengamide A through inhibition of methionine aminopeptidases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:764-74. [PMID: 17656313 PMCID: PMC3165037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) remove the N-terminal initiator methionine during protein synthesis, a prerequisite step for N-terminal myristoylation. N-myristoylation of proto-oncogene c-Src is essential for its membrane association and proper signal transduction. We used bengamides, a family of general MetAP inhibitors, to understand the downstream physiological functions of MetAPs. c-Src from bengamide A-treated cells retained its N-terminal methionine and suffered a decrease in N-terminal myristoylation, which was accompanied by a shift of its subcellular distribution from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. Furthermore, bengamide A decreased the tyrosine kinase activities of c-Src both in vitro and in vivo and eventually delayed cell-cycle progression through G(2)/M. Thus, c-Src is a physiologically relevant substrate for MetAPs whose dysfunction is likely to account for the cell-cycle effects of MetAP inhibitors including bengamide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Karen Tenney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Chiawei W. Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Katherine M. Sixt
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Philip A. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jun O. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD 21205
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD 21205
- Correspondence: Dr. Jun O. Liu, , (410)-955-4619
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