1
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Patibandla C, van Aalten L, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Honda T, Cuadrado A, Fernández-Ginés R, McNeilly AD, Hayes JD, Cantley J, Sutherland C. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 enhances NRF2 protein stability, nuclear localisation and target gene transcription in pancreatic beta cells. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103117. [PMID: 38479223 PMCID: PMC10950707 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (i.e., oxidative stress) is a leading cause of beta cell dysfunction and apoptosis in diabetes. NRF2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor-2) regulates the adaptation to oxidative stress, and its activity is negatively regulated by the redox-sensitive CUL3 (cullin-3) ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1). Additionally, NRF2 is repressed by the insulin-regulated Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK3). We have demonstrated that phosphorylation of NRF2 by GSK3 enhances β-TrCP (beta-transducin repeat-containing protein) binding and ubiquitylation by CUL1 (cullin-1), resulting in increased proteasomal degradation of NRF2. Thus, we hypothesise that inhibition of GSK3 activity or β-TrCP binding upregulates NRF2 and so protects beta cells against oxidative stress. We have found that treating the pancreatic beta cell line INS-1 832/13 with the KEAP1 inhibitor TBE31 significantly enhanced NRF2 protein levels. The presence of the GSK3 inhibitor CT99021 or the β-TrCP-NRF2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor PHAR, along with TBE31, resulted in prolonged NRF2 stability and enhanced nuclear localisation (P < 0.05). TBE31-mediated induction of NRF2-target genes encoding NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (Gclm) subunit and heme oxygenase (Hmox1) was significantly enhanced by the presence of CT99021 or PHAR (P < 0.05) in both INS-1 832/13 and in isolated mouse islets. Identical results were obtained using structurally distinct GSK3 inhibitors and inhibition of KEAP1 with sulforaphane. In summary, we demonstrate that GSK3 and β-TrCP/CUL1 regulate the proteasomal degradation of NRF2, enhancing the impact of KEAP1 regulation, and so contributes to the redox status of pancreatic beta cells. Inhibition of GSK3, or β-TrCP/CUL1 binding to NRF2 may represent a strategy to protect beta cells from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmai Patibandla
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Lidy van Aalten
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fernández-Ginés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alison D McNeilly
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John D Hayes
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - James Cantley
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
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2
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Chan E, Dirk BS, Honda T, Stathopulos PB, Dikeakos JD, Di Guglielmo GM. Acetylenic tricyclic bis-(cyano enone) interacts with Cys 374 of actin, a residue necessary for stress fiber formation and cell migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119629. [PMID: 37981034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The migratory and invasive potential of tumour cells relies on the actin cytoskeleton. We previously demonstrated that the tricyclic compound, TBE-31, inhibits actin polymerization and here we further examine the precise interaction between TBE-31 and actin. We demonstrate that iodoacetamide, a cysteine (Cys) alkylating agent, interferes with the ability of TBE-31 to interact with actin. In addition, in silico analysis identified Cys 217, Cys 272, Cys 285 and Cys 374 as potential binding sites for TBE-31. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we determined that TBE-31 associates with actin with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1. We mutated the identified cysteines of actin to alanine and performed a pull-down analysis with a biotin labeled TBE-31 and demonstrated that by mutating Cys 374 to alanine the association between TBE-31 and actin was significantly reduced, suggesting that TBE-31 binds to Cys 374. A characterization of the NIH3T3 cells overexpressing eGFP-actin-C374A showed reduced stress fiber formation, suggesting Cys 374 is necessary for efficient incorporation into filamentous actin. Furthermore, migration of eGFP-Actin-WT expressing cells were observed to be inhibited by TBE-31, however fewer eGFP-Actin-C374A expressing cells were observed to migrate compared to the cells expressing eGFP-Actin-WT in the presence or absence of TBE-31. Taken together, our results suggest that TBE-31 binds to Cys 374 of actin to inhibit actin stress fiber formation and may potentially be a mechanism through which TBE-31 inhibits cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Chan
- Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Brennan S Dirk
- Western University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, London N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook 11790-3400, USA
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Western University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, London N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Gianni M Di Guglielmo
- Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London N6A5C1, Canada.
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Fu AB, Xiang SF, He QJ, Ying MD. Kelch-like proteins in the gastrointestinal tumors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:931-939. [PMID: 36266566 PMCID: PMC10104798 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumors have become a worldwide health problem with high morbidity and poor clinical outcomes. Chemotherapy and surgery, the main treatment methods, are still far from meeting the treatment needs of patients, and targeted therapy is in urgent need of development. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that kelch-like (KLHL) proteins play essential roles in maintaining proteostasis and are involved in the progression of various cancers, functioning as adaptors in the E3 ligase complex and promoting the specific degradation of substrates. Therefore, KLHL proteins should be taken into consideration for targeted therapy strategy discovery. This review summarizes the current knowledge of KLHL proteins in gastrointestinal tumors and discusses the potential of KLHL proteins as potential drug targets and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Bo Fu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310002, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Sen-Feng Xiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qiao-Jun He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Mei-Dan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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4
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Zuo C, Cao H, Song Y, Gu Z, Huang Y, Yang Y, Miao J, Zhu L, Chen J, Jiang Y, Wang F. Nrf2: An all-rounder in depression. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102522. [PMID: 36335763 PMCID: PMC9641011 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between oxidation and antioxidant is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Once disrupted, it can lead to various pathological outcomes and diseases, such as depression. Oxidative stress can result in or aggravate a battery of pathological processes including mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, autophagical disorder and ferroptosis, which have been found to be involved in the development of depression. Inhibition of oxidative stress and related pathological processes can help improve depression. In this regard, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the antioxidant defense system may play a pivotal role. Nrf2 activation can not only regulate the expression of a series of antioxidant genes that reduce oxidative stress and its damages, but also directly regulate the genes related to the above pathological processes to combat the corresponding alterations. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 has great potential for the treatment of depression. Activation of Nrf2 has antidepressant effect, but the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. This article reviews the key role of Nrf2 in depression, focusing on the possible mechanisms of Nrf2 regulating oxidative stress and related pathological processes in depression treatment. Meanwhile, we summarize some natural and synthetic compounds targeting Nrf2 in depression therapy. All the above may provide new insights into targeting Nrf2 for the treatment of depression and provide a broad basis for clinical transformation.
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5
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Moreno R, Casares L, Higgins M, Ali KX, Honda T, Wiel C, Sayin VI, Dinkova-Kostova AT, de la Vega L. Biotinylation of an acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyanoenone) lowers its potency as an NRF2 activator while creating a novel activity against BACH1. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:203-211. [PMID: 36084789 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor BACH1 regulates the expression of a variety of genes including genes involved in oxidative stress responses, inflammation, cell motility, cancer cell invasion and cancer metabolism. Based on this, BACH1 has become a promising therapeutic target in cancer (as anti-metastatic target) and also in chronic conditions linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, where BACH1 inhibitors share a therapeutic space with activators of transcription factor NRF2. However, while there is a growing number of NRF2 activators, there are only a few described BACH1 inhibitors/degraders. The synthetic acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyanoenone),(±)-(4bS,8aR,10aS)-10a-ethynyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-3,7-dioxo-3.4b,7,8,8a,9,10, 10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,6-dicarbonitrile, TBE31 is a potent activator of NRF2 without any BACH1 activity. Herein we found that biotinylation of TBE31 greatly reduces its potency as NRF2 activator (50-75-fold less active) while acquiring a novel activity as a BACH1 degrader (100-200-fold more active). We demonstrate that TBE56, the biotinylated TBE31, interacts and promotes the degradation of BACH1 via a mechanism involving the E3 ligase FBXO22. TBE56 is a potent and sustained BACH1 degrader (50-fold more potent than hemin) and accordingly a powerful HMOX1 inducer. TBE56 degrades BACH1 in lung and breast cancer cells, impairing breast cancer cell migration and invasion in a BACH1-dependent manner, while TBE31 has no significant effect. Altogether, our study identifies that the biotinylation of TBE31 provides novel activities with potential therapeutic value, providing a rationale for further characterisation of this and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moreno
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Laura Casares
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Kevin X Ali
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volkan I Sayin
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK.
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6
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Casares L, Moreno R, Ali KX, Higgins M, Dayalan Naidu S, Neill G, Cassin L, Kiib AE, Svenningsen EB, Minassi A, Honda T, Poulsen TB, Wiel C, Sayin VI, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Olagnier D, de la Vega L. The synthetic triterpenoids CDDO-TFEA and CDDO-Me, but not CDDO, promote nuclear exclusion of BACH1 impairing its activity. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102291. [PMID: 35313207 PMCID: PMC8938334 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor BACH1 is a potential therapeutic target for a variety of chronic conditions linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as cancer metastasis. However, only a few BACH1 degraders/inhibitors have been described. BACH1 is a transcriptional repressor of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), which is positively regulated by transcription factor NRF2 and is highly inducible by derivatives of the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO). Most of the therapeutic activities of these compounds are due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which are widely attributed to their ability to activate NRF2. However, with such a broad range of action, these compounds have other molecular targets that have not been fully identified and could also be of importance for their therapeutic profile. Herein we identified BACH1 as a target of two CDDO-derivatives (CDDO-Me and CDDO-TFEA), but not of CDDO. While both CDDO and CDDO-derivatives activate NRF2 similarly, only CDDO-Me and CDDO-TFEA inhibit BACH1, which explains the much higher potency of these CDDO-derivatives as HMOX1 inducers compared with unmodified CDDO. Notably, we demonstrate that CDDO-Me and CDDO-TFEA inhibit BACH1 via a novel mechanism that reduces BACH1 nuclear levels while accumulating its cytoplasmic form. In an in vitro model, both CDDO-derivatives impaired lung cancer cell invasion in a BACH1-dependent and NRF2-independent manner, while CDDO was inactive. Altogether, our study identifies CDDO-Me and CDDO-TFEA as dual KEAP1/BACH1 inhibitors, providing a rationale for further therapeutic uses of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casares
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Rita Moreno
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Kevin X Ali
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Graham Neill
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Lena Cassin
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Alberto Minassi
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | | | - Clotilde Wiel
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volkan I Sayin
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK.
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7
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Liu D, Xia Z, Xiao Y, Yu Y, Yu L, Song Z, Wu Q, Zhang J, Tan Z. Transition‐Metal‐Free Cross‐Dehydrogenative Couplings of 8‐Aminoquinoline Amides at C5 Position with Acetonitrile, Ethers or Acetone. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Kamp Pharmaceuticals CO., LTD. Changde 415900 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Zenan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Qianlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Kamp Pharmaceuticals CO., LTD. Changde 415900 P. R. China
| | - Ze Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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8
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Knatko EV, Castro C, Higgins M, Zhang Y, Honda T, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR, Griffin JL, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Nrf2 activation does not affect adenoma development in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1081. [PMID: 34526660 PMCID: PMC8443638 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its main negative regulator, Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1), are at the interface between redox and intermediary metabolism. Nrf2 activation is protective in models of human disease and has benefits in clinical trials. Consequently, the Keap1/Nrf2 protein complex is a drug target. However, in cancer Nrf2 plays a dual role, raising concerns that Nrf2 activators may promote growth of early neoplasms. To address this concern, we examined the role of Nrf2 in development of colorectal adenomas by employing genetic, pharmacological, and metabolomic approaches. We found that colorectal adenomas that form in Gstp-/-: ApcMin/+ mice are characterized by altered one-carbon metabolism and that genetic activation, but not disruption of Nrf2, enhances these metabolic alterations. However, this enhancement is modest compared to the magnitude of metabolic differences between tumor and peri-tumoral tissues, suggesting that the metabolic changes conferred by Nrf2 activation may have little contribution to the early stages of carcinogenesis. Indeed, neither genetic (by Keap1 knockdown) nor pharmacological Nrf2 activation, nor its disruption, affected colorectal adenoma formation in this model. We conclude that pharmacological Nrf2 activation is unlikely to impact the early stages of development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Knatko
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Cecilia Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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9
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Zhou DG. Mechanisms of Csp3-H functionalization of acetonitrile or acetone with coumarins: A DFT investigation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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11
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Zheng X, Zhong T, Zhang L, Chen J, Chen Z, Jiang X, Yu C. Radical-Triggered Cyclization of Methylthio-Substituted Alkynones: Synthesis of Diverse 3-Alkylthiochromones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- University of Technology; Hangzhou P.R.China
| | - Junyu Chen
- University of Technology; Hangzhou P.R.China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- University of Technology; Hangzhou P.R.China
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12
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Dayalan Naidu S, Dinkova-Kostova AT. KEAP1, a cysteine-based sensor and a drug target for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. Open Biol 2020; 10:200105. [PMID: 32574549 PMCID: PMC7333886 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance and persistent inflammation are the underlying causes of most chronic diseases. Mammalian cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms for restoring redox homeostasis and resolving acute inflammatory responses. One prominent mechanism is that of inducing the expression of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cytoprotective proteins, while also suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, through the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2). At homeostatic conditions, NRF2 is a short-lived protein, which avidly binds to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). KEAP1 functions as (i) a substrate adaptor for a Cullin 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, and (ii) a cysteine-based sensor for a myriad of physiological and pharmacological NRF2 activators. Here, we review the intricate molecular mechanisms by which KEAP1 senses electrophiles and oxidants. Chemical modification of specific cysteine sensors of KEAP1 results in loss of NRF2-repressor function and alterations in the expression of NRF2-target genes that encode large networks of diverse proteins, which collectively restore redox balance and resolve inflammation, thus ensuring a comprehensive cytoprotection. We focus on the cyclic cyanoenones, the most potent NRF2 activators, some of which are currently in clinical trials for various pathologies characterized by redox imbalance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Liu D, Yu L, Yu Y, Xia Z, Song Z, Liao L, Tan Z, Chen X. Nickel-Catalyzed Ortho
C-H Methylation of Aromatic Amides with Di-tert
-butyl Peroxide as Methylation Reagent. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; 410082 Changsha P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Kamp Pharmaceuticals CO., LTD.; 415900 Changde P. R. China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; 410082 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; 410082 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; 410082 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Zenan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; 410082 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Lihong Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Kamp Pharmaceuticals CO., LTD.; 415900 Changde P. R. China
| | - Ze Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; 410082 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; 410082 Changsha P. R. China
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14
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Tretyakova EV, Salimova EV, Parfenova LV, Yunusbaeva MM, Dzhemileva LU, D'yakonov VA, Dzhemilev UM. Synthesis of New Dihydroquinopimaric Acid Analogs with Nitrile Groups as Apoptosis-Inducing Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1172-1183. [PMID: 30947679 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190404100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyan-containing compounds are of great interest as potential anticancer agents. Terpenoids can severe as a natural matrix for the development of promising derivatives with antitumor activity. METHODS The 2-cyanoethoxy methyl dihydroquinopimarate derivatives (5-9) were synthesized by the reaction of the intermediates (1-4) with acrylonitrile in the presence of alkali (30% KOH solution) using triethylbenzylammonium chloride. The cytotoxicity evaluation was carried out according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Protocol, while apoptosis was studied by flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D staining and cell cycle was analyzed using the method of propidium iodide staining. RESULTS Synthesis of new dihydroquinopimaric acid derivatives with nitrile groups was carried out. The obtained cyanoethyl derivatives were converted into tetrazole, amine, oxadiazole and amidoxime analogs. The primary screening for antitumor activity showed the highest cytotoxic potency of the cyanoethyl-substituted compounds. The introduction of cyanoethyl groups at C-1, C-4 and C-1, C-4, C-20 positions of dihydroquinopimaric acid methyl ester provided antiproliferative effect towards the Jurkat, K562, U937, and HeLa tumor cell cultures (CC50=0.045-0.154µM). These nitrile derivatives are effective inducers of tumor cell apoptosis affecting the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The cyanoethyl analogs of dihydroquinopimaric acid reported herein are apoptosis inducers and cytotoxic agents. These findings will be useful for the further design of more potent cytotoxic agents based on natural terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Tretyakova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Salimova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila V Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Milyausha M Yunusbaeva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Lilya U Dzhemileva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A D'yakonov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Usein M Dzhemilev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
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15
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Hashimoto K. Essential Role of Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling in Mood Disorders: Overview and Future Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1182. [PMID: 30386243 PMCID: PMC6198170 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mood disorders with a high rate of relapse. Accumulating evidence suggests that the transcription factor Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) system plays a key role in inflammation which is involved in depression. Preclinical studies demonstrated that the protein expressions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus in mice with depression-like phenotype were lower than control mice. In the learned helplessness paradigm, the protein levels of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the PFC and DG of hippocampus from rats with depression-like phenotype were also lower than control and resilient rats. Furthermore, rodents with depression-like phenotype have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, Nrf2 knock-out (KO) mice exhibit depression-like phenotype, and higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, Nrf2 KO mice have lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the PFC, and CA3 and DG of hippocampus compared to wild-type mice. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone, a TrkB agonist, showed antidepressant effects in Nrf2 KO mice, by stimulating BDNF-TrkB in the PFC, CA3, and DG. Pretreatment with sulforaphane, a naturally occurring Nrf2 activator, prevented depression-like phenotype in mice after inflammation, or chronic social defeat stress. Interestingly, dietary intake of 0.1% glucoraphanin (a precursor of sulforaphane) containing food during juvenile and adolescent stages of mice could prevent depression-like phenotype in adulthood after chronic social defeat stress. Moreover, the protein expressions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the parietal cortex from major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder were lower than controls. These findings suggest that Keap1-Nrf2 system plays a key role in the stress resilience which is involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. It is, therefore, possible that dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables including glucoraphanin (or SFN) may prevent or minimize relapse from remission, induced by stress and/or inflammation in depressed patients. In the review, the author would like to discuss the role of Keap1-Nrf2 system in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
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16
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Zhang R, Jin S, Liu Q, Lin S, Yan Z. Transition Metal-Free Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of Coumarins with Acetonitrile or Acetone. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13030-13035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhou Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohua Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
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17
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Wang Y, Li L, Wang Y, Zhu X, Jiang M, Song E, Song Y. New application of the commercial sweetener rebaudioside a as a hepatoprotective candidate: Induction of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 822:128-137. [PMID: 29355553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A large population of drug candidates have failed "from bench to bed" due to unwanted toxicities. We intend to develop an alternative approach for drug discovery, that is, to seek candidates from "safe" compounds. Rebaudioside A (Reb-A) is an approved commercial sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. We found that Reb-A protects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative injury in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Reb-A showed antioxidant activity on reducing cellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels while increasing glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Reb-A treatment induced nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) activation and antioxidant response element activity, as well as the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Further mechanistic studies indicated that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), mitogen-active protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) signaling was upregulated. Thus, the present in vitro study conclusively demonstrated that Reb-A is an activator of Nrf2 and is a potential candidate hepatoprotective agent. More importantly, the present study illustrated that seeking drug candidates from "safe" compounds is a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Nitro-fatty acids: New drug candidates for chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Nitric Oxide 2018; 79:31-37. [PMID: 29944935 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated oleic acid (NO2-OA) was first identified in 2003, and after the characterization of its formation and thiol reactivity, it was used as a prototypical molecule to investigate the physiological actions of endogenous nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FA). Based on in vitro observations showing significant activation of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory signaling responses by NO2-FA, experiments were designed to determine their pharmacological potential. Supported by strong intellectual protection and favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, 10-NO2-OA (CXA-10) underwent pharmaceutical development as a drug to treat fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. NO2-FA are at the intersection of three unconventional drug candidate classes that include 1) fatty acids, 2) metabolic intermediates and 3) electrophilic molecules. These three groups use different scaffolds for drug development, are characterized by broad activities and are individually gaining traction as alternatives to mono-target drug therapies. In particular, NO2-FA share key characteristics with currently approved pharmacological agents regarding reactivity, distribution, and mechanism of action. This review first presents the characteristics, liabilities, and opportunities that these different drug candidate classes display, and then discusses these issues in the context of current progress in the preclinical and clinical development of NO2-FA as drugs. Lessons learned from the novel approaches presented herein were considered early on during development to structurally define and improve NO2-FA and their disease targets.
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Dayalan Naidu S, Muramatsu A, Saito R, Asami S, Honda T, Hosoya T, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Suzuki T, Dinkova-Kostova AT. C151 in KEAP1 is the main cysteine sensor for the cyanoenone class of NRF2 activators, irrespective of molecular size or shape. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8037. [PMID: 29795117 PMCID: PMC5966396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous small molecules (termed inducers), many of which are electrophiles, upregulate cytoprotective responses and inhibit pro-inflammatory pathways by activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2). Key to NRF2 activation is the ability to chemically modifying critical sensor cysteines in the main negative regulator of NRF2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), of which C151, C273 and C288 are best characterized. This study aimed to establish the requirement for these cysteine sensor(s) for the biological activities of the most potent NRF2 activators known to date, the cyclic cyanoenones, some of which are in clinical trials. It was found that C151 in KEAP1 is the main cysteine sensor for this class of inducers, irrespective of molecular size or shape. Furthermore, in primary macrophage cells expressing C151S mutant KEAP1, at low concentrations, the tricyclic cyanoenone TBE-31 is inactive as an activator of NRF2 as well as an inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and IL1β. However, at high inducer concentrations, NRF2 activation proceeds in the absence of C151, albeit at a lower magnitude. Our findings highlight the intrinsic flexibility of KEAP1 and emphasize the critical importance of establishing the precise dose of NRF2 activators for maintaining on-target selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Aki Muramatsu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soichiro Asami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Tomonori Hosoya
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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Shekh-Ahmad T, Eckel R, Dayalan Naidu S, Higgins M, Yamamoto M, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Kovac S, Abramov AY, Walker MC. KEAP1 inhibition is neuroprotective and suppresses the development of epilepsy. Brain 2018; 141:1390-1403. [PMID: 29538645 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal sclerosis is a common acquired disease that is a major cause of drug-resistant epilepsy. A mechanism that has been proposed to lead from brain insult to hippocampal sclerosis is the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, and consequent mitochondrial failure. Here we use a novel strategy to increase endogenous antioxidant defences using RTA 408, which we show activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, encoded by NFE2L2) through inhibition of kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (KEAP1) through its primary sensor C151. Activation of Nrf2 with RTA 408 inhibited reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial depolarization and cell death in an in vitro model of seizure-like activity. RTA 408 given after status epilepticus in vivo increased ATP, prevented neuronal death, and dramatically reduced (by 94%) the frequency of late spontaneous seizures for at least 4 months following status epilepticus. Thus, acute KEAP1 inhibition following status epilepticus exerts a neuroprotective and disease-modifying effect, supporting the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species generation is a key event in the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N, UK
| | - Ramona Eckel
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N, UK
| | - Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N, UK
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N, UK
| | - Matthew C Walker
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N, UK
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21
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Sharma RS, Harrison DJ, Kisielewski D, Cassidy DM, McNeilly AD, Gallagher JR, Walsh SV, Honda T, McCrimmon RJ, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Ashford ML, Dillon JF, Hayes JD. Experimental Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Liver Fibrosis Are Ameliorated by Pharmacologic Activation of Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-Related Factor 2). Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:367-398. [PMID: 29552625 PMCID: PMC5852394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with oxidative stress. We surmised that pharmacologic activation of NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) using the acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyano enone) TBE-31 would suppress NASH because Nrf2 is a transcriptional master regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis. METHODS Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat plus fructose (HFFr) or regular chow diet for 16 weeks or 30 weeks, and then treated for the final 6 weeks, while still being fed the same HFFr or regular chow diets, with either TBE-31 or dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle control. Measures of whole-body glucose homeostasis, histologic assessment of liver, and biochemical and molecular measurements of steatosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress were performed in livers from these animals. RESULTS TBE-31 treatment reversed insulin resistance in HFFr-fed wild-type mice, but not in HFFr-fed Nrf2-null mice. TBE-31 treatment of HFFr-fed wild-type mice substantially decreased liver steatosis and expression of lipid synthesis genes, while increasing hepatic expression of fatty acid oxidation and lipoprotein assembly genes. Also, TBE-31 treatment decreased ER stress, expression of inflammation genes, and markers of apoptosis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress in the livers of HFFr-fed wild-type mice. By comparison, TBE-31 did not decrease steatosis, ER stress, lipogenesis, inflammation, fibrosis, or oxidative stress in livers of HFFr-fed Nrf2-null mice. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacologic activation of Nrf2 in mice that had already been rendered obese and insulin resistant reversed insulin resistance, suppressed hepatic steatosis, and mitigated against NASH and liver fibrosis, effects that we principally attribute to inhibition of ER, inflammatory, and oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- ACACA, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha
- ACLY, ATP citrate lyase
- ACOT7, acetyl-CoA thioesterase 7
- ACOX2, acetyl-CoA oxidase 2
- ADRP, adipose differentiation-related protein
- AP-1, activator protein 1
- ATF4, activating transcription factor-4
- ATF6, activating transcription factor-6
- ApoB, apolipoprotein B
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma
- BIP, binding immunoglobulin protein
- C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein
- CAT, catalase
- CD36, cluster of differentiation 36
- CDDO, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid
- CES1G, carboxylesterase 1g
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- COL1A1, collagen, type I, alpha-1
- COX2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CPT1A, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a
- ChREBP, carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
- DGAT2, diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FASN, fatty acid synthase
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic
- GCLM, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier
- GPX2, glutathione peroxidase-2
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GSSG, oxidized glutathione
- GSTA4, glutathione S-transferase Alpha-4
- GSTM1, glutathione S-transferase Mu-1
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HF, high-fat
- HF30Fr, high-fat diet with 30% fructose in drinking water
- HF55Fr, high-fat diet with 55% fructose in drinking water
- HFFr, high-fat diet with fructose in drinking water
- HMOX1, heme oxygenase-1
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IRE1α, inositol requiring kinase-1α
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- IκB, inhibitor of NF-κB
- JNK1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1
- Keap1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1
- LXRα, liver X receptor α
- MCD, methionine- and choline-deficient
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MGPAT, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acetyltransferase
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MTTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NOS2, nitric oxide synthase-2
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, NF-E2 p45-related factor 2
- PARP, poly ADP ribose polymerase
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDI, protein disulfide isomerase
- PERK, PRK-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- PRDX6, peroxiredoxin 6
- PTGR1, prostaglandin reductase-1
- PTT, pyruvate tolerance test
- RC, regular chow
- SCAD, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
- SFN, sulforaphane
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- SLC7A11, solute carrier family 7 member 11
- SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
- TBE-31
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta-1
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TXN1, thioredoxin-1
- TXNRD1, thioredoxin reductase-1
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- XBP1, X-box binding protein-1
- eIf2α, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A
- p58IPK, p58 inhibitor of the PKR kinase
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR
- α-SMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu S. Sharma
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy Kisielewski
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Diane M. Cassidy
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alison D. McNeilly
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer R. Gallagher
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun V. Walsh
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Tayside NHS Trust, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Rory J. McCrimmon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L.J. Ashford
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Hayes
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Moore MM, Schoeny RS, Becker RA, White K, Pottenger LH. Development of an adverse outcome pathway for chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma: case study of AFB1, a human carcinogen with a mutagenic mode of action. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:312-337. [PMID: 29431554 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1423462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are frameworks starting with a molecular initiating event (MIE), followed by key events (KEs) linked by KE relationships (KERs), ultimately resulting in a specific adverse outcome. Relevant data for the pathway and each KE/KER are evaluated to assess biological plausibility, weight-of-evidence, and confidence. We aimed to describe an AOP relevant to chemicals directly inducing mutation in cancer critical gene(s), via the formation of chemical-specific pro-mutagenic DNA adduct(s), as an early critical step in tumor etiology. Such chemicals have mutagenic modes-of-action (MOA) for tumor induction. To assist with developing this AOP, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was selected as a case study because it has a rich database and is considered to have a mutagenic MOA. AFB1 information was used to define specific KEs, KERs, and to inform development of a generic AOP for mutagen-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In assessing the AFB1 information, it became clear that existing data are, in fact, not optimal and for some KEs/KERs, the definitive data are not available. In particular, while there is substantial information that AFB1 can induce mutations (based on a number of mutation assays), the definitive evidence - the ability to induce mutation in the cancer critical gene(s) in the tumor target tissue - is not available. Thus, it is necessary to consider the patterns of results in the weight-of-evidence for KEs and KERs. It was important to determine whether there was sufficient evidence that AFB1 can induce the necessary critical mutations early in the carcinogenic process, which was the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Moore
- a Ramboll Environ US Corporation , Little Rock , AR , USA
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23
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Torrente L, Sanchez C, Moreno R, Chowdhry S, Cabello P, Isono K, Koseki H, Honda T, Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, de la Vega L. Crosstalk between NRF2 and HIPK2 shapes cytoprotective responses. Oncogene 2017; 36:6204-6212. [PMID: 28692050 PMCID: PMC5641449 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Homeodomain interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) is a member of the HIPK family of stress-responsive kinases that modulates cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation and development. HIPK2 has several well-characterised tumour suppressor roles, but recent studies suggest it can also contribute to tumour progression, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we have identified novel crosstalk between HIPK2 and the cytoprotective transcription factor NRF2. We show that HIPK2 is a direct transcriptional target of NRF2, identifying a functional NRF2 binding site in the HIPK2 gene locus and demonstrating for the first time a transcriptional mode of regulation for this kinase. In addition, HIPK2 is required for robust NRF2 responsiveness in cells and in vivo. By using both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that HIPK2 can elicit a cytoprotective response in cancer cells via NRF2. Our results have uncovered a new downstream effector of HIPK2, NRF2, which is frequently activated in human tumours correlating with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. Furthermore, our results suggest that modulation of either HIPK2 levels or activity could be exploited to impair NRF2-mediated signalling in cancer cells, and thus sensitise them to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Torrente
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - C Sanchez
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - R Moreno
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - S Chowdhry
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - P Cabello
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - K Isono
- Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - H Koseki
- Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - T Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J D Hayes
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - A T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - L de la Vega
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
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Abstract
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the antioxidant response element (ARE) are interacting components of a master regulatory signaling pathway that coordinates redox homeostasis, cytoprotective responses, and shifts in stem cell state. This study reexamined detailed dose–response (DR) data reported for in vitro Nrf2-ARE activation in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell lines containing either a ARE-bla or ARE-luc reporter at 12 different concentrations of each of 15 chemicals. The normalized study data were combined among chemicals exhibiting a positive response, yielding n = 531 (179) DR data for 9 (7) chemicals using the ARE-bla (ARE-luc) assay. Three-parameter linear/kth-power regression fits obtained to each combined set of ARE-bla- or ARE-luc-assay response data provided good fits (R2 = .99 or .91, respectively, Pfit > .99) that each incorporate a highly significant negative initial linear slope (P = 4 × 10−5 or .00025) and an overall J-shaped DR pattern. Results from this reanalysis of high-resolution ARE response data support the hypothesis that nonlinear ARE-mediated adaptive cellular responses to oxidative stress are governed by an ultrasensitive molecular switch.
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25
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Zang ZL, Karnakanti S, Zhao S, Hu P, Wang Z, Shao PL, He Y. Synthesis of Spiro-dihydroquinoline and Octahydrophenanthrene Derivatives via Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Arylation. Org Lett 2017; 19:1354-1357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Zang
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Shuklachary Karnakanti
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Lin Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
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26
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Ghorab MM, Alsaid MS, El-Gazzar MG, Higgins M, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Shahat AA. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducer activity of novel 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1369-74. [PMID: 26796666 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1135913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourteen novel 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives 2-15 were designed and synthesized. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and mass spectral data. The compounds were evaluated for their potential cytoprotective activity in murine Hepa1c1c7 cells. All of the synthesized compounds showed concentration-dependent ability to induce the cytoprotective enzyme NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) with potencies in the low- to sub-micromolar range. This approach offers an encouraging framework which may lead to the discovery of potent cytoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- b Department of Drug Radiation Research , National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority , Nasr City , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa G El-Gazzar
- b Department of Drug Radiation Research , National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority , Nasr City , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Maureen Higgins
- c Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- c Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
- d Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA , and
| | - Abdelaaty A Shahat
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- e Phytochemistry Department , National Research Center Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
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27
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Yao W, Zhang JC, Ishima T, Ren Q, Yang C, Dong C, Ma M, Saito A, Honda T, Hashimoto K. Antidepressant effects of TBE-31 and MCE-1, the novel Nrf2 activators, in an inflammation model of depression. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 793:21-27. [PMID: 27815170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Nuclear factor (erythroid 2-derived)-like 2 (Nrf2) plays a key role in inflammation which is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. The Nrf2 activators have antidepressant effects in animal models of depression. The present study was undertaken to examine whether TBE-31 [(±)-(4bS,8aR,10aS)-10a-ethynyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-3,7-dioxo-3,4b,7,8,8a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,6-dicarbonitrile] and MCE-1 [(±)-3-ethynyl-3-methyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dienecarbonitrile], the novel Nrf2 activators, could show antidepressant effects in inflammation model of depression. We found that TBE-31 and MCE-1 significantly potentiated nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, in a concentration dependent manner. The Nrf2 siRNA, but not negative control of siRNA, significantly blocked the potentiating effects of TBE-31 and MCE-1 on neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Furthermore, oral administration of TBE-31 or MCE-1 significantly attenuated an increase in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 0.5mg/kg). In the tail-suspension test and forced swimming test, oral administration of TBE-31 or MCE-1 significantly attenuated an increase in the immobility time after LPS (0.5mg/kg) administration. These findings suggest that the novel Nrf2 activators such as TBE-31 and MCE-1 might be potential therapeutic drugs for inflammation-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ji-Chun Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Qian Ren
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chun Yang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chao Dong
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Min Ma
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
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28
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Deny LJ, Traboulsi H, Cantin AM, Marsault É, Richter MV, Bélanger G. Bis-Michael Acceptors as Novel Probes to Study the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Pathway. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9431-9442. [PMID: 27682717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator that promotes the transcription of cytoprotective genes in response to oxidative/electrophilic stress. Various Michael-type compounds were designed and synthesized, and their potency to activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway was evaluated. Compounds bearing two Michael-type acceptors proved to be the most active. Tether length and rigidity between the acceptors was crucial. This study will help to understand how this feature disrupts the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic J Deny
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke , 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Hussein Traboulsi
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Service de Pneumologie et Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - André M Cantin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Service de Pneumologie et Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Martin V Richter
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Service de Pneumologie et Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke , 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
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29
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Bensasson RV, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Zheng S, Saito A, Li W, Zoete V, Honda T. Electron affinity of tricyclic, bicyclic, and monocyclic compounds containing cyanoenones correlates with their potency as inducers of a cytoprotective enzyme. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4345-9. [PMID: 27460172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tricyclic, bicyclic, and monocyclic compounds containing cyanoenones induce various anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective enzymes through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway. The potency of these compounds as Nrf2 activators was determined using a prototypic cytoprotective enzyme NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells. The electron affinity (EA) of the compounds, expressed as the energy of their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [E (LUMO)], was evaluated using two types of quantum mechanical calculations: the semiempirical (AM1) and the density functional theory (DFT) methods. We observed striking linear correlations [r=0.897 (AM1) and 0.936 (DFT)] between NQO1 inducer potency of these compounds and their E (LUMO) regardless of the molecule size. Importantly and interestingly, this finding demonstrates that the EA is the essentially important factor that determines the reactivity of the cyanoenones with Keap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- René V Bensasson
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), Dept RDDM, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN, CP54, 63 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Suqing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Vincent Zoete
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Quartier Sorge-Batiment Genopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
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30
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In Situ Observation of Thiol Michael Addition to a Reversible Covalent Drug in a Crystalline Sponge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Duplan V, Hoshino M, Li W, Honda T, Fujita M. In Situ Observation of Thiol Michael Addition to a Reversible Covalent Drug in a Crystalline Sponge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4919-23. [PMID: 26970084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A reversible Michael addition reaction between thiol nucleophiles and cyanoenones has been previously postulated to be the mechanism-of-action of a new family of reversible covalent drugs. However, the hypothetical Michael adducts in this mechanism have only been detected by spectroscopic methods in solution. Herein, the crystallographic observation of reversible Michael addition with a potent cyanoenone drug candidate by means of the crystalline-sponge method is reported. After inclusion of the cyanoenone substrate, the sponge crystal was treated with a thiol solution. Subsequent crystallographic analysis confirmed the single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation of the substrate into the impermanent Michael adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Duplan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Manabu Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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32
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Chan E, Saito A, Honda T, Di Guglielmo GM. The acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyano enone), TBE-31, targets microtubule dynamics and cell polarity in migrating cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:638-49. [PMID: 26775215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is dependent on the microtubule network for structural support as well as for the proper delivery and positioning of polarity proteins at the leading edge of migrating cells. Identification of drugs that target cytoskeletal-dependent cell migration and protein transport in polarized migrating cells is important in understanding the cell biology of normal and tumor cells and can lead to new therapeutic targets in disease processes. Here, we show that the tricyclic compound TBE-31 directly binds to tubulin and interferes with microtubule dynamics, as assessed by end binding 1 (EB1) live cell imaging. Interestingly, this interference is independent of in vitro tubulin polymerization. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we also observed that TBE-31 interferes with the polarity of migratory cells. The polarity proteins Rac1, IQGAP and Tiam1 were localized at the leading edge of DMSO-treated migrating cell, but were observed to be in multiple protrusions around the cell periphery of TBE-31-treated cells. Finally, we observed that TBE-31 inhibits the migration of Rat2 fibroblasts with an IC50 of 0.75 μM. Taken together, our results suggest that the inhibition of cell migration by TBE-31 may result from the improper maintenance of cell polarity of migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Chan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Akira Saito
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gianni M Di Guglielmo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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33
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Kostov RV, Knatko EV, McLaughlin LA, Henderson CJ, Zheng S, Huang JTJ, Honda T, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally administered acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyanoenone), a highly potent Nrf2 activator with a reversible covalent mode of action. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:402-7. [PMID: 26265043 PMCID: PMC4567061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyanoenone) TBE-31 is a highly potent cysteine targeting compound with a reversible covalent mode of action; its best-characterized target being Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), the cellular sensor for oxidants and electrophiles. TBE-31 reacts with cysteines of Keap1, impairing its ability to target nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) for degradation. Consequently, Nrf2 accumulates and orchestrates cytoprotective gene expression. In this study we investigated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of TBE-31 in C57BL/6 mice. After a single oral dose of 10 μmol/kg (∼200 nmol/animal), the concentration of TBE-31 in blood exhibited two peaks, at 22.3 nM and at 15.5 nM, 40 min and 4 h after dosing, respectively, as determined by a quantitative stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method. The AUC0-24h was 195.5 h/nmol/l, the terminal elimination half-life was 10.2 h, and the kel was 0.068 h(-1). To assess the pharmacodynamics of Nrf2 activation by TBE-31, we determined the enzyme activity of its prototypic target, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and found it elevated by 2.4- and 1.5-fold in liver and heart, respectively. Continuous feeding for 18 days with diet delivering the same daily doses of TBE-31 under conditions of concurrent treatment with the immunosuppressive agent azathioprine had a similar effect on Nrf2 activation without any indications of toxicity. Together with previous reports showing the cytoprotective effects of TBE-31 in animal models of carcinogenesis, our results demonstrate the high potency, efficacy and suitability for chronic administration of cysteine targeting reversible covalent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumen V Kostov
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Elena V Knatko
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Lesley A McLaughlin
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Suqing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jeffrey T-J Huang
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Abeti R, Uzun E, Renganathan I, Honda T, Pook MA, Giunti P. Targeting lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial imbalance in Friedreich's ataxia. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:344-50. [PMID: 26141703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive disorder, caused by reduced levels of the protein frataxin. This protein is located in the mitochondria, where it functions in the biogenesis of iron-sulphur clusters (ISCs), which are important for the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Moreover, disruption in iron biogenesis may lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be the cause and/or the consequence of mitochondrial energy imbalance, leading to cell death. Fibroblasts from two FRDA mouse models, YG8R and KIKO, were used to analyse two different categories of protective compounds: deuterised poly-unsaturated fatty acids (dPUFAs) and Nrf2-inducers. The former have been shown to protect the cell from damage induced by lipid peroxidation and the latter trigger the well-known Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Our results show that the sensitivity to oxidative stress of YG8R and KIKO mouse fibroblasts, resulting in cell death and lipid peroxidation, can be prevented by d4-PUFA and Nrf2-inducers (SFN and TBE-31). The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of YG8R and KIKO fibroblasts revealed a difference in their mitochondrial pathophysiology, which may be due to the different genetic basis of the two models. This suggests that variable levels of reduced frataxin may act differently on mitochondrial pathophysiology and that these two cell models could be useful in recapitulating the observed differences in the FRDA phenotype. This may reflect a different modulatory effect towards cell death that will need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Abeti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Ebru Uzun
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Indhushri Renganathan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Mark A Pook
- Ataxia Research Group, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences Synthetic Biology Theme, Institute of Environment, Health & Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
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35
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Li W, Zheng S, Higgins M, Morra RP, Mendis AT, Chien CW, Ojima I, Mierke DF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Honda T. New Monocyclic, Bicyclic, and Tricyclic Ethynylcyanodienones as Activators of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Pathway and Inhibitors of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4738-48. [PMID: 25965897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A monocyclic compound 3 (3-ethynyl-3-methyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dienecarbonitrile) is a highly reactive Michael acceptor leading to reversible adducts with nucleophiles, which displays equal or greater potency than the pentacyclic triterpenoid CDDO in inflammation and carcinogenesis related assays. Recently, reversible covalent drugs, which bind with protein targets but not permanently, have been gaining attention because of their unique features. To explore such reversible covalent drugs, we have synthesized monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic compounds containing 3 as an electrophilic fragment and evaluated them as activators of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and inhibitors of iNOS. Notably, these compounds maintain the unique features of the chemical reactivity and biological potency of 3. Among them, a monocyclic compound 5 is the most potent in these assays while a tricyclic compound 14 displays a more robust and specific activation profile compared to 5. In conclusion, we demonstrate that 3 is a useful electrophilic fragment for exploring reversible covalent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- †Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Suqing Zheng
- †Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Maureen Higgins
- ‡Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Rocco P Morra
- †Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Anne T Mendis
- †Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Chih-Wei Chien
- †Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Iwao Ojima
- †Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,§Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Dale F Mierke
- ∥Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- ‡Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland United Kingdom.,⊥Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Tadashi Honda
- †Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,§Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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36
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Galenko AV, Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS, Pakalnis VV, Rostovskii NV. Recent advances in isoxazole chemistry. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Knatko EV, Ibbotson SH, Zhang Y, Higgins M, Fahey JW, Talalay P, Dawe RS, Ferguson J, Huang JTJ, Clarke R, Zheng S, Saito A, Kalra S, Benedict AL, Honda T, Proby CM, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Nrf2 Activation Protects against Solar-Simulated Ultraviolet Radiation in Mice and Humans. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:475-86. [PMID: 25804610 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 determines the ability to adapt and survive under conditions of electrophilic, oxidative, and inflammatory stress by regulating the expression of elaborate networks comprising nearly 500 genes encoding proteins with versatile cytoprotective functions. In mice, disruption of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to carcinogens and accelerates disease pathogenesis. Paradoxically, Nrf2 is upregulated in established human tumors, but whether this upregulation drives carcinogenesis is not known. Here we show that the incidence, multiplicity, and burden of solar-simulated UV radiation-mediated cutaneous tumors that form in SKH-1 hairless mice in which Nrf2 is genetically constitutively activated are lower than those that arise in their wild-type counterparts. Pharmacologic Nrf2 activation by topical biweekly applications of small (40 nmol) quantities of the potent bis(cyano enone) inducer TBE-31 has a similar protective effect against solar-simulated UV radiation in animals receiving long-term treatment with the immunosuppressive agent azathioprine. Genetic or pharmacologic Nrf2 activation lowers the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors IL6 and IL1β, and COX2 after acute exposure of mice to UV radiation. In healthy human subjects, topical applications of extracts delivering the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane reduced the degree of solar-simulated UV radiation-induced skin erythema, a quantifiable surrogate endpoint for cutaneous damage and skin cancer risk. Collectively, these data show that Nrf2 is not a driver for tumorigenesis even upon exposure to a very potent and complete carcinogen and strongly suggest that the frequent activation of Nrf2 in established human tumors is a marker of metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Knatko
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sally H Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul Talalay
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert S Dawe
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - James Ferguson
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey T-J Huang
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Clarke
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Suqing Zheng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Akira Saito
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Sukirti Kalra
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea L Benedict
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York. Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom. Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom. Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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El-Ashmawy M, Delgado O, Cardentey A, Wright WE, Shay JW. CDDO-Me protects normal lung and breast epithelial cells but not cancer cells from radiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115600. [PMID: 25536195 PMCID: PMC4275221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiation therapy is commonly used for treatment for many human diseases including cancer, ionizing radiation produces reactive oxygen species that can damage both cancer and healthy cells. Synthetic triterpenoids, including CDDO-Me, act as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant modulators primarily by inducing the transcription factor Nrf2 to activate downstream genes containing antioxidant response elements (AREs). In the present series of experiments, we determined if CDDO-Me can be used as a radioprotector in normal non-cancerous human lung and breast epithelial cells, in comparison to lung and breast cancer cell lines. A panel of normal non-cancerous, partially cancer progressed, and cancer cell lines from both lung and breast tissue was exposed to gamma radiation with and without pre-treatment with CDDO-Me. CDDO-Me was an effective radioprotector when given ∼18 hours before radiation in epithelial cells (average dose modifying factor (DMF) = 1.3), and Nrf2 function was necessary for CDDO-Me to exert these radioprotective effects. CDDO-Me did not protect cancer lines tested from radiation-induced cytotoxicity, nor did it protect experimentally transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with progressive oncogenic manipulations. CDDO-Me also protected human lymphocytes against radiation-induced DNA damage. A therapeutic window exists in which CDDO-Me protects normal cells from radiation by activating the Nrf2 pathway, but does not protect experimentally transformed or cancer cell lines. This suggests that use of this oral available, non-toxic class of drug can protect non-cancerous healthy cells during radiotherapy, resulting in better outcomes and less toxicity for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El-Ashmawy
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oliver Delgado
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Agnelio Cardentey
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Woodring E. Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jerry W. Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Excellence in Genomics Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Ghorab MM, Higgins M, Alsaid MS, Arafa RK, Shahat AA, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Synthesis, molecular modeling and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducer activity of novel cyanoenone and enone benzenesulfonamides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 29:840-5. [PMID: 24417210 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.858146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract In biological systems, the Keap1/Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway determines the ability of mammalian cells to adapt and survive conditions of oxidative, electrophilic and inflammatory stress by regulating the production of cytoprotective enzymes NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1, EC 1.6.99.2) being one of them. Novel biologically active benzenesulfonamides 2, 3, 5-7, penta-2,4-dienamide 4 and chromene-2-carboxamide 8 structurally augmented with an electron-deficient Michael acceptor enone or cyanoenone functionalities were prepared. A new biological activity was conferred to these molecules, that of induction of NQO1. The potency of induction was increased by incorporation of a nitrile group adjacent to the enone and the dinitrophenyl derivative 3 was the most promising inducer. Also, molecular docking of the new compounds in the Nrf2-binding site of Keap1 was performed to assess their ability to inhibit Keap1 which biologically leads to a consequent Nrf2 accumulation and enhanced gene expression of NQO1. Docking results showed considerable interactions between the new molecules and essential binding site amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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40
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Tang Y, Liu JT, Chen P, Lv MC, Wang ZZ, Huang YK. Protecting-Group-Free Total Synthesis of Aplykurodinone-1. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11729-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ji-tian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ming-can Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Zhen-zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yi-kun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
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41
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Zheng S, Huang JTJ, Knatko EV, Sharp S, Higgins M, Ojima I, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Honda T. Synthesis of (13) C2 (15) N2 -labeled anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective tricyclic bis(cyanoenone) ([(13) C2 (15) N2 ]-TBE-31) as an internal standard for quantification by stable isotope dilution LC-MS method. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:606-10. [PMID: 25196444 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclic bis(cyanoenone), TBE-31, one of the most potent activators of the Keap1/Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway, has been developed as a new anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agent. (13) C2 (15) N2 -labeled TBE-31 ([(13) C2 (15) N2 ]-TBE-31), which has two (13) C and two (15) N atoms in two cyano groups, was designed to develop a method for quantification of cell, tissue, and plasma levels of TBE-31 that involves chromatography/mass spectrometry coupled with the use of a stable isotope-labeled internal standard. [(13) C2 (15) N2 ]-TBE-31 was successfully synthesized in four steps from a previously reported intermediate, which is prepared in 11 steps from cyclohexanone, by introduction of two (13) C atoms with ethyl [(13) C]formate and two (15) N atoms with hydroxyl[(15) N]amine. The stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantification of TBE-31 was successfully developed using [(13) C2 (15) N2 ]-TBE-31 to compensate for any variables encountered during sample processing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqing Zheng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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42
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Chan E, Saito A, Honda T, Di Guglielmo GM. The acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyano enone), TBE-31 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell migration through direct binding with actin. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:727-37. [PMID: 24806663 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The migratory and invasive potential of the epithelial-derived tumor cells depends on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as the reorganization of the cell cytoskeleton. Here, we show that the tricyclic compound acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyano enone), TBE-31, directly binds to actin and inhibits linear and branched actin polymerization in vitro. Furthermore, we observed that TBE-31 inhibits stress fiber formation in fibroblasts as well as in non-small cell lung cancer cells during TGFβ-dependent EMT. Interestingly, TBE-31 does not interfere with TGFβ-dependent signaling or changes in E-cadherin and N-cadherin protein levels during EMT. Finally, we observed that TBE-31 inhibits fibroblast and non-small cell lung tumor cell migration with an IC50 of 1.0 and 2.5 μmol/L, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that TBE-31 targets linear actin polymerization to alter cell morphology and inhibit cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Chan
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akira Saito
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery; and
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery; and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Gianni M Di Guglielmo
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada;
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43
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Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of nitric oxide-releasing isosteviol derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2202-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Onyango EO, Fu L, Gribble GW. Synthesis of a dicyano abietane, a key intermediate for the anti-inflammatory agent TBE-31. Org Lett 2013; 16:322-4. [PMID: 24303944 DOI: 10.1021/ol403289y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of dicyano abietane 11, a potential precursor to the biologically active tricyclic bis-cyano enone 6 (TBE-31), was accomplished in eight steps from epoxide 13. The synthesis features a Lewis acid promoted stereoselective cyclization of epoxide 13 to generate the tricyclic ring system 12 in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans O Onyango
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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45
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Saito A, Higgins M, Zheng S, Li W, Ojima I, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Honda T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of biotin conjugates of (±)-(4bS,8aR,10aS)-10a-ethynyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-3,7-dioxo-3,4b,7,8,8a,9,10,10a-octahydro-phenanthrene-2,6-dicarbonitrile, an activator of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, for the isolation of its protein targets. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5540-3. [PMID: 24018193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tricycle 1 ((±)-(4bS,8aR,10aS))-10a-ethynyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-3,7-dioxo-3,4b,7,8,8a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,6-dicarbonitrile), a potent activator of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, has the potential to be a first in class drug for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. To identify the protein targets for the development of 1, the (1:1)-diasteromeric mixture of biotinylated tricycles 3a and 3b were designed and synthesized. For the synthesis of 3a and 3b, a new important precursor, hydroxylated tricycle (±)-16 was synthesized from 4 by a C1 α-methyl group oxidation protocol, which involves cyclopalladation of the C1 α-methyl group from a C2-oxime. For the induction of the phase 2 cytoprotective enzyme NQO1 in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells, the diasteromeric mixture 3a and 3b shows high potency (CD, 75 nM) although this potency is lower than that of 1 and 16. Thus, biotinylated tricycles 3a and 3b may be promising tools for the isolation of the protein targets of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
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46
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Al-Rifai N, Rücker H, Amslinger S. Opening or closing the lock? When reactivity is the key to biological activity. Chemistry 2013; 19:15384-95. [PMID: 24105896 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-mediated processes play a key role to induce or inhibit inflammation proteins. Tailoring the reactivity of electrophiles can enhance the selectivity to address only certain surface cysteines. Fourteen 2',3,4,4'-tetramethoxychalcones with different α-X substituents (X=H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, Me, p-NO2-C6H4, Ph, p-OMe-C6H4, NO2, CF3, COOEt, COOH) were synthesized, containing the potentially electrophilic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl unit. The assessment of their reactivity as electrophiles in thia-Michael additions with cysteamine shows a change in the reactivity of more than six orders of magnitude. Moreover, a clear correlation between their reactivity and an influence on the inflammation proteins heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is demonstrated. As the biologically most active compound, the α-CF3 -chalcone is shown to inhibit the NO production in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisah Al-Rifai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg (Germany)
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47
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Wilson AJ, Kerns JK, Callahan JF, Moody CJ. Keap Calm, and Carry on Covalently. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7463-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400224q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Wilson
- School of
Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University
Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jeffrey K. Kerns
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King
of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - James F. Callahan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King
of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Christopher J. Moody
- School of
Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University
Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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48
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Zheng S, Chowdhury A, Ojima I, Honda T. Microwave-assisted Diels–Alder reactions between Danishefsky's diene and derivatives of ethyl α-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate. Synthetic approach toward a biotinylated anti-inflammatory monocyclic cyanoenone. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Onuigbo M. Renoprotection and the Bardoxolone Methyl Story - Is This the Right Way Forward? A Novel View of Renoprotection in CKD Trials: A New Classification Scheme for Renoprotective Agents. NEPHRON EXTRA 2013; 3:36-49. [PMID: 23687511 PMCID: PMC3656681 DOI: 10.1159/000351044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the June 2011 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, the BEAM (Bardoxolone Methyl Treatment: Renal Function in CKD/Type 2 Diabetes) trial investigators rekindled new interest and also some controversy regarding the concept of renoprotection and the role of renoprotective agents, when they reported significant increases in the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with an eGFR of 20-45 ml/min/1.73 m(2) of body surface area at enrollment who received the trial drug bardoxolone methyl versus placebo. Unfortunately, subsequent phase IIIb trials failed to show that the drug is a safe alternative renoprotective agent. Current renoprotection paradigms depend wholly and entirely on angiotensin blockade; however, these agents [angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)] have proved to be imperfect renoprotective agents. In this review, we examine the mechanistic limitations of the various previous randomized controlled trials on CKD renoprotection, including the paucity of veritable, elaborate and systematic assessment methods for the documentation and reporting of individual patient-level, drug-related adverse events. We review the evidence base for the presence of putative, multiple independent and unrelated pathogenetic mechanisms that drive (diabetic and non-diabetic) CKD progression. Furthermore, we examine the validity, or lack thereof, of the hyped notion that the blockade of a single molecule (angiotensin II), which can only antagonize the angiotensin cascade, would veritably successfully, consistently and unfailingly deliver adequate and qualitative renoprotection results in (diabetic and non-diabetic) CKD patients. We clearly posit that there is this overarching impetus to arrive at the inference that multiple, disparately diverse and independent pathways, including any veritable combination of the mechanisms that we examine in this review, and many more others yet to be identified, do concurrently and asymmetrically contribute to CKD initiation and propagation to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in our CKD patients. We conclude that current knowledge of CKD initiation and progression to ESRD, the natural history of CKD and the impacts of acute kidney injury on this continuum remain in their infancy and call for more research. Finally, we suggest a new classification scheme for renoprotective agents: (1) the single-pathway blockers that block a single putative pathogenetic pathway involved in CKD progression, as typified by ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs, and (2) the multiple-pathway blockers that are able to block or antagonize the effects of multiple pathogenetic pathways through their ability to simultaneously block, downstream, the effects of several pathways or mechanisms of CKD to ESRD progression and could therefore concurrently interfere with several unrelated upstream pathways or mechanisms. We surmise that maybe the ideal and truly renoprotective agent, clearly a multiple-pathway blocker, is on the horizon. This calls for more research efforts from all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macaulay Onuigbo
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., and Mayo Health System Practice-Based Research Network, and Department of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, Wisc., USA
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Zheng S, Resch D, Honda T, Jasinski JP. (±)-(4bS,8aR,10aS)-10a-Ethynyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-3,7-dioxo-3,4b,7,8,8a,9,10,10a-octa-hydro-phenanthrene-2,6-dicarbonitrile. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o3095-6. [PMID: 23284424 PMCID: PMC3515197 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812041244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective tricyclic title compound, C(21)H(18)N(2)O(2), also known as TBE-31, crystallizes with two nearly superimposable mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In both mol-ecules, the three ring systems conform to an envelope-chair-planar arrangement. The central ring, in a cyclohexane chair conformation, contains an axial ethynyl group that bends slightly off from a nearby axial methyl group because of the 1,3-diaxial repulsion between the two groups. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯N and C-H⋯O inter-actions form chains along [001].
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqing Zheng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Daniel Resch
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jerry P. Jasinski
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA
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