1
|
Bengtsson C, Gravenfors Y. Rapid Construction of a Chloromethyl-Substituted Duocarmycin-like Prodrug. Molecules 2023; 28:4818. [PMID: 37375372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of duocarmycin-like compounds is often associated with lengthy synthetic routes. Presented herein is the development of a short and convenient synthesis of a type of duocarmycin prodrug. The 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-containing core is here constructed from commercially available Boc-5-bromoindole in four steps and 23% overall yield, utilizing a Buchwald-Hartwig amination followed by a sodium hydride-induced regioselective bromination. In addition, protocols for selective mono- and di-halogenations of positions 3 and 4 were also developed, which could be useful for further exploration of this scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Bengtsson
- Drug Discovery & Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ylva Gravenfors
- Drug Discovery & Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong L, Tian W, Liu Z, Xu T, Wen H, Chen Z, Gao J, Bai LP. TfOH-Catalyzed Cascade C-H/N-H Chemo-/Regioselective Annulation of Indole-2-carboxamides with Benzoquinones for the Construction of Anticancer Tetracyclic Indolo[2,3- c]quinolinones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7955-7967. [PMID: 35653697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient TfOH-catalyzed cascade C-H/N-H annulation of indole-2-carboxamides with benzoquinones has been developed for the synthesis of tetracyclic indolo[2,3-c]quinolinones. This reaction exhibits excellent chemo-/regioselectivity, achieving functionalization of the C-3 of indole and N-H of the amide moiety to form the new C-C and C-N bonds. Various expected products were synthesized from readily available starting materials in good to high yields with a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Among all synthetic products, 3d showed the most potent cytotoxicity toward the 4T1 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 0.62 ± 0.05 μM. In vivo study demonstrated that 3d remarkably suppressed 4T1 xenograft tumor growth without body weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingkai Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Gao
- IncreasePharm (Hengqin) Institute Co., Ltd, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519031, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The article discusses the basic properties of fluorine atom that have made it so useful in drug development. It presents several examples of therapeutically useful drugs acting against many life-threatening diseases along with the mechanism as to how fluorine influences the drug activity. It has been pointed out that fluorine, due to its ability to increase the lipophilicity of the molecule, greatly affects the hydrophobic interaction between the drug molecule and the receptor. Because of its small size, it hardly produces any steric effect, rather due to electronic properties enters into electrostatic and hydrogen-bond interactions. Thus, it greatly affects the drug-receptor interaction and leads to increase the activity of the drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut 250005, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ezat AA, Elfiky AA, Elshemey WM, Saleh NA. Novel inhibitors against wild-type and mutated HCV NS3 serine protease: an in silico study. Virusdisease 2019; 30:207-213. [PMID: 31179358 PMCID: PMC6531565 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2011, the FDA approved boceprevir as a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 serine protease inhibitor. The sustained virological response rate for treatment with this approved compound is considerably low. Patients have not responded as much as expected to boceprevir therapy. In this in silico study, modified boceprevir compounds are suggested and tested on wild-type HCV NS3 protease and 19 mutated HCV NS3 proteases using molecular docking. Results reveal the superiority of two of the proposed modified compounds to boceprevir. One of which appears to be more potent than boceprevir itself concerning activity against wild-type NS3 and most of the examined mutated NS3 proteases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Ezat
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Abdo A. Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Wael M. Elshemey
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Noha A. Saleh
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ganta NM, Gedda G, Rathnakar B, Satyanarayana M, Yamajala B, Ahsan MJ, Jadav SS, Balaraju T. A review on HCV inhibitors: Significance of non-structural polyproteins. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:576-601. [PMID: 30639895 PMCID: PMC7185800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) mortality and morbidity is a world health misery with an approximate 130–150 million chronically HCV tainted and suffering individuals and it initiate critical liver malfunction like cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma or liver HCV cancer. HCV NS5B protein one of the best studied therapeutic target for the identification of new drug candidates to be added to the combination or multiple combination medication recently approved. During the past few years, NS5B has thus been an important object of attractive medicinal chemistry endeavors, which induced to the surfacing of betrothal preclinical drug molecules. In this scenario, the current review set limit to discuss research published on NS5B and few other therapeutic functional inhibitors concentrating on hit investigation, hit to lead optimization, ADME parameters evaluation, and the SAR data which was out for each compound type and similarity taken into consideration. The discussion outlined in this specific review will surly helpful and vital tool for those medicinal chemists investigators working with HCV research programs mainly pointing on NS5B and set broad spectrum identification of creative anti HCV compounds. This mini review also tells each and every individual compound ability related how much they are active against NS5B and few other targets. Hepatitis C infection causes severe liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. The new acute HCV infections are raising every year and mortality rate become serious concern. The plausible list of anti-HCV drugs and clinical agents were listed in this review. The divergent medicinal scaffolds as anti-HCV agents were presented as per their targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Murthy Ganta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak, Telangana, 502313, India
| | - Gangaraju Gedda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM deemed to be University, Rudraram, Patancheru Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, Sangareddy Dist. 502329, India
| | - Bethi Rathnakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana, 503322, India
| | - Mavurapu Satyanarayana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana, 503322, India
| | - Bhaskar Yamajala
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM deemed to be University, Rudraram, Patancheru Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, Sangareddy Dist. 502329, India
| | - Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | - Tuniki Balaraju
- Deapartment of Chemistry, Material Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, WB, 741 246, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mane YD, Patil SS, Biradar DO, Khade BC. 5-Bromo-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamides as new potent antibacterial agents. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2018-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Ten 5-bromoindole-2-carboxamides were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella Typhi using gentamicin and ciprofloxacin as internal standards. Compounds 7a–c, 7g and 7h exhibit high antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.35–1.25 μg/mL. Compounds 7a–c exhibit antibacterial activities that are higher than those of the standards against E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shunmugam L, Soliman MES. Targeting HCV polymerase: a structural and dynamic perspective into the mechanism of selective covalent inhibition. RSC Adv 2018; 8:42210-42222. [PMID: 35558797 PMCID: PMC9092151 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07346e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Concerns have been raised over the emerging pandemic status of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Current available drugs lack specificity, stability and potency. The HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a vital component in viral replication and is often targeted in antiviral therapies. Recent experimental procedures have led to the discovery of a novel covalent RdRp inhibitor, compound 47, which selectively targets cysteine 366 of the HCV RdRp and exhibits promising pharmacokinetic outcomes. Selective covalent inhibition of HCV is, however, a highly neglected subject in the literature, that is reinforced by the lack of efficient structure-based drug design protocols. In this paper, an atomistic insight into a novel selective approach to inhibit HCV RdRp is provided. Methodology/Results: Covalent molecular dynamic analyses revealed the inhibitory mechanism of compound 47 on the RdRp. Inhibitor binding induced distinctive internal movements resulting in the disruption of normal physiological interdomain interactions. Conclusion: Compound 47 stimulates reorganization of key protein elements required for RNA transcription, thus hampering viral replication as well as disrupting the overall conformation of HCV. This study will open new lines of approach for the design of novel selective inhibitors against HCV as well as other viral families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letitia Shunmugam
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4001 South Africa
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4001 South Africa +27 (0) 31 260 7872 +27 (0) 31 260 8048
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren L, Nan G, Wang Y, Xiao Z. Carboxylic Acid-Promoted Single-Step Indole Construction from Simple Anilines and Ketones via Aerobic Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14472-14488. [PMID: 30378428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction is an efficient strategy for indole synthesis. However, most CDC methods require special substrates, and the presence of inherent groups limits the versatility for further transformation. A carboxylic acid-promoted aerobic catalytic system is developed herein for a single-step synthesis of indoles from simple anilines and ketones. This versatile system is featured by the broad substrate scope and the use of ambient oxygen as an oxidant and is convenient and economical for both laboratory and industry applications. The existence of the labile hydrogen at C-3 and the highly transformable carbonyl at C-2 makes the indoles versatile building blocks for organic synthesis in different contexts. Computational studies based on the density functional theory (DFT) suggest that the rate-determining step is carboxylic acid-assisted condensation of the substrates, rather than the functionalization of aryl C-H. Accordingly, a pathway via imine intermediates is deemed to be the preferred mechanism. In contrast to the general deduction, the in situ formed imine, instead of its enamine isomer, is believed to be involved in the first ligand exchange and later carbopalladation of the α-Me, which shed new light on this indolization mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Guanglei Nan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grenet E, Das A, Caramenti P, Waser J. Rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization of heteroarenes using indoleBX hypervalent iodine reagents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1208-1214. [PMID: 29977388 PMCID: PMC6009173 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The C–H indolation of heteroarenes was realized using the benziodoxolone hypervalent iodine reagents indoleBXs. Functionalization of the C–H bond in bipyridinones and quinoline N-oxides catalyzed by a rhodium complex allowed to incorporate indole rings into aza-heteroaromatic compounds. These new transformations displayed complete regioselectivity for the C-6 position of bipyridinones and the C-8 position of quinoline N-oxides and tolerated a broad range of functionalities, such as halogens, ethers, or trifluoromethyl groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Grenet
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ashis Das
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Caramenti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Balasubramanian K, Patil VM. Quantum molecular modeling of hepatitis C virus inhibition through non-structural protein 5B polymerase receptor binding of C 5-arylidene rhodanines. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 73:147-158. [PMID: 29486389 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out high-level quantum chemical computations followed by molecular docking studies on a set of 17C5-arylidene rhodanine isomers to provide insights into the binding modes with different reported binding pockets of the nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) polymerase that contribute to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) inhibition. We optimized the multi-target profile of the selected rhodanine analogs to investigate potential non-nucleotide inhibitors (NNIs) by quantum chemical optimization of the 18 isomers followed by docking with quantum chemically optimized structures of each isomer with NS5B polymerase at multiple binding pockets. The binding affinities of the PP-I, PP-II and TP-II pockets of NS5B polymerase were analyzed for all the 17 isomers of 2-[(5Z)-5-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-3-phenylpropanoic acid. On the basis of binding propensity at the different pockets and inhibitor constants, we ranked these isomers as potential candidates for the HCV inhibition. We have identified four isomers as promising NNIs of NS5B polymerase with comparable binding and inhibition to the standard (1,3) dichloro substituted isomer that exhibits in vitro activity and several other isomers as candidates in a "multi-targeted drug" approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaishali M Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qi J, Wang Z, Lang B, Lu P, Wang Y. TfOH-Catalyzed Reaction between 3-Diazoindolin-2-imines and Electron-Rich Arenes: Access to 3-Aryl-2-aminoindoles. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12640-12646. [PMID: 29125292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TfOH-catalyzed reactions between 3-diazoindolin-2-imines and electron-rich arenes were disclosed. These metal-free reactions furnished 3-aryl-2-aminoindoles in moderate to excellent yields with the tolerance of a broad range of functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zaibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bo Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yanguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mane YD, Sarnikar YP, Surwase SM, Biradar DO, Gorepatil PB, Shinde VS, Khade BC. Design, synthesis, and antimicrobial activity of novel 5-substituted indole-2-carboxamide derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
13
|
Li W, Si H, Li Y, Ge C, Song F, Ma X, Duan Y, Zhai H. 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies on designing inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Prediction of the ligands having the inhibitory activity against the HCV non-structural protein 5B polymerase. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Molecular docking, 2D and 3D-QSAR studies of new indole-based derivatives as HCV-NS5B polymerase inhibitors. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
16
|
Vrontaki E, Melagraki G, Mavromoustakos T, Afantitis A. Exploiting ChEMBL database to identify indole analogs as HCV replication inhibitors. Methods 2015; 71:4-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
17
|
Batra A, Nandi S, Bagchi MC. QSAR and pharmacophore modeling of indole-based C-3 pyridone compounds as HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors utilizing computed molecular descriptors. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
Pourbasheer E, Aalizadeh R, Shokouhi Tabar S, Ganjali MR, Norouzi P, Shadmanesh J. 2D and 3D Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors by Comparative Molecular Field Analysis and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis Methods. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2902-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ci500216c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Pourbasheer
- Department
of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), P. O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samira Shokouhi Tabar
- Department
of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), P. O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center
of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 143981-7435, Tehran, Iran
- Biosensor
Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences
Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box,
14114-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center
of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 143981-7435, Tehran, Iran
- Biosensor
Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences
Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box,
14114-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen KX, Venkatraman S, Anilkumar GN, Zeng Q, Lesburg CA, Vibulbhan B, Velazquez F, Chan TY, Bennet F, Jiang Y, Pinto P, Huang Y, Selyutin O, Agrawal S, Huang HC, Li C, Cheng KC, Shih NY, Kozlowski JA, Rosenblum SB, Njoroge FG. Discovery of SCH 900188: A Potent Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor Prodrug As a Development Candidate. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:244-8. [PMID: 24900812 DOI: 10.1021/ml400192w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Starting from indole-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase inhibitor lead compound 1, structure modifications were performed at multiple indole substituents to improve potency and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Bicyclic quinazolinone was found to be the best substituent at indole nitrogen, while 4,5-furanylindole was identified as the best core. Compound 11 demonstrated excellent potency. Its C2 N,N-dimethylaminoethyl ester prodrug 12 (SCH 900188) demonstrated significant improvement in PK and was selected as the development candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin X. Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Srikanth Venkatraman
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Gopinadhan N. Anilkumar
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Qingbei Zeng
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Charles A. Lesburg
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Bancha Vibulbhan
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Francisco Velazquez
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Tin-Yau Chan
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Frank Bennet
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Yueheng Jiang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Patrick Pinto
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Hsueh-Cheng Huang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Cheng Li
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Kuo-Chi Cheng
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Neng-Yang Shih
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Joseph A. Kozlowski
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - Stuart B. Rosenblum
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| | - F. George Njoroge
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road,
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Accounting for Target Flexibility and Water Molecules by Docking to Ensembles of Target Structures: The HCV NS5B Palm Site I Inhibitors Case Study. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 54:481-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ci400367m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
21
|
Lei B, Li J, Yao X. A Novel Strategy of Structural Similarity Based Consensus Modeling. Mol Inform 2013; 32:599-608. [PMID: 27481768 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201200170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy of "structural similarity based consensus modeling" (SSCM) based on "model distance and guided model selection" (MD-QGMS) submodel set was proposed. The SSCM strategy is built upon a hypothesis, that is, similar compounds are most probably predicted more accurately by a same submodel among a model population, which can be concluded from the fact that models employing a different set of descriptors can predict compounds with specific structures more accurately. It is proved that the proposed SSCM strategy can remarkably improve the external prediction ability of QSAR models by employing two different datasets. In future, the proposed SSCM strategy may provide a new direction to develop more accurate predictive models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, 22 Xinong Road, P. R. China tel: +86-029-87092262.
| | - Jiazhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Che Z, Zhang S, Shao Y, Fan L, Xu H, Yu X, Zhi X, Yao X, Zhang R. Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of novel N-arylsulfonyl-3-acylindole arylcarbonyl hydrazone derivatives as nematicidal agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5696-5705. [PMID: 23738496 DOI: 10.1021/jf400536q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of natural-product-based pesticidal agents, 54 novel N-arylsulfonyl-3-acylindole arylcarbonyl hydrazone derivatives were prepared, and their structures were well characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HRMS, ESI-MS, and mp. Their nematicidal activity was evaluated against that of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in vivo. Among all of the derivatives, especially V-12 and V-39 displayed the best promising nematicidal activity with LC₅₀ values of 1.0969 and 1.2632 mg/L, respectively. This suggested that introduction of R¹ and R² together as the electron-withdrawing substituents, R³ as the methyl group, and R⁴ as the phenyl with the electron-donating substituents could be taken into account for further preparation of these kinds of compounds as nematicidal agents. Six selected descriptors are a WHIM descriptor (E1m), two GETAWAY descriptors (R1m+ and R3m+), a Burden eigenvalues descriptor (BEHm8), and two edge-adjacency index descriptors (EEig05x and EEig13d). Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies demonstrated that the structural factors, such as molecular mass (a negative correlation with the bioactivity) and molecular polarity (a positive correlation with bioactivity), are likely to govern the nematicidal activities of these compounds. For this model, the correlation coefficient (R²(training set)), the leave-one-out cross-validation correlation coefficient (Q²(LOO)), and the 7-fold cross-validation correlation coefficient (Q²(7-fold)) were 0.791, 0.701, and 0.715, respectively. The external cross-validation correlation coefficient (Q²ext) and the root-mean-square error for the test set (RMSE(test set)) were 0.774 and 3.412, respectively. This study will pave the way for future design, structural modification, and development of indole derivatives as nematicidal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Che
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Design and Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Patel B, Krishnan R, Khadtare N, Gurukumar KR, Basu A, Arora P, Bhatt A, Patel MR, Dana D, Kumar S, Kaushik-Basu N, Talele TT. Design and synthesis of L- and D-phenylalanine derived rhodanines with novel C5-arylidenes as inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3262-71. [PMID: 23598249 PMCID: PMC3651775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase is a key target for anti-HCV therapeutics development. Herein, we report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of anti-NS5B polymerase activity of a molecular hybrid of our previously reported lead compounds 1 (IC50=7.7 μM) and 2 (IC50=10.6 μM) as represented by hybrid compound 27 (IC50=6.7 μM). We have explored the optimal substituents on the terminal phenyl ring of the 3-phenoxybenzylidene moiety in 27, by generating a set of six analogs. This resulted in the identification of compound 34 with an IC50 of 2.6 μM. To probe the role of stereochemistry towards the observed biological activity, we synthesized and evaluated the D-isomers 41 (IC50=19.3 μM) and 45 (IC50=5.4 μM) as enantiomers of the l-isomers 27 and 34, respectively. The binding site of compounds 32 and 34 was mapped to palm pocket-I (PP-I) of NS5B. The docking models of 34 and 45 within the PP-I of NS5B were investigated to envisage the molecular mechanism of inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Ramalingam Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Nikhil Khadtare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - K. R. Gurukumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Amartya Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Payal Arora
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Aaditya Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Maulik R. Patel
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Dibyendu Dana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65–30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Sanjai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65–30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Neerja Kaushik-Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Küçükgüzel ŞG, Coşkun İ, Aydın S, Aktay G, Gürsoy Ş, Çevik Ö, Özakpınar ÖB, Özsavcı D, Şener A, Kaushik-Basu N, Basu A, Talele TT. Synthesis and characterization of celecoxib derivatives as possible anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-HCV agents. Molecules 2013; 18:3595-614. [PMID: 23519201 PMCID: PMC6269910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18033595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel N-(3-substituted aryl/alkyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamides 2a-e were synthesized by the addition of ethyl a-bromoacetate and anhydrous sodium acetate in dry ethanol to N-(substituted aryl/alkylcarbamothioyl)-4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoro-methyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzene sulfonamides 1a-e, which were synthesized by the reaction of alkyl/aryl isothiocyanates with celecoxib. The structures of the isolated products were determined by spectral methods and their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activities evaluated. The compounds were also tested for gastric toxicity and selected compound 1a was screened for its anticancer activity against 60 human tumor cell lines. These investigations revealed that compound 1a exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and further did not cause tissue damage in liver, kidney, colon and brain compared to untreated controls or celecoxib. Compounds 1c and 1d displayed modest inhibition of HCV NS5B RdRp activity. In conclusion, N-(ethylcarbamothioyl)-4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide (1a) may have the potential to be developed into a therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ş. Güniz Küçükgüzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, 34668 İstanbul, Turkey; E-Mails: (İ.C.); (S.A.)
| | - İnci Coşkun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, 34668 İstanbul, Turkey; E-Mails: (İ.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Sevil Aydın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, 34668 İstanbul, Turkey; E-Mails: (İ.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Göknur Aktay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey; E-Mails: (G.A.); (Ş.G.)
| | - Şule Gürsoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey; E-Mails: (G.A.); (Ş.G.)
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, 34668 İstanbul, Turkey; E-Mails: (Ö.Ç.); (Ö.B.Ö.); (D.Ö.); (A.Ş.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Özlem Bingöl Özakpınar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, 34668 İstanbul, Turkey; E-Mails: (Ö.Ç.); (Ö.B.Ö.); (D.Ö.); (A.Ş.)
| | - Derya Özsavcı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, 34668 İstanbul, Turkey; E-Mails: (Ö.Ç.); (Ö.B.Ö.); (D.Ö.); (A.Ş.)
| | - Azize Şener
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, 34668 İstanbul, Turkey; E-Mails: (Ö.Ç.); (Ö.B.Ö.); (D.Ö.); (A.Ş.)
| | - Neerja Kaushik-Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; E-Mails: (N.K.-B.); (A.B.)
| | - Amartya Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; E-Mails: (N.K.-B.); (A.B.)
| | - Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haudecoeur R, Peuchmaur M, Ahmed-Belkacem A, Pawlotsky JM, Boumendjel A. Structure-Activity Relationships in the Development of Allosteric Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors: Ten Years of Research. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:934-84. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Haudecoeur
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
| | | | | | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen KX, Lesburg CA, Vibulbhan B, Yang W, Chan TY, Venkatraman S, Velazquez F, Zeng Q, Bennett F, Anilkumar GN, Duca J, Jiang Y, Pinto P, Wang L, Huang Y, Selyutin O, Gavalas S, Pu H, Agrawal S, Feld B, Huang HC, Li C, Cheng KC, Shih NY, Kozlowski JA, Rosenblum SB, Njoroge FG. A novel class of highly potent irreversible hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2089-101. [PMID: 22247956 DOI: 10.1021/jm201322r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Starting from indole-based C-3 pyridone HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor 2, structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations of the indole N-1 benzyl moiety were performed. This study led to the discovery of irreversible inhibitors with p-fluoro-sulfone- or p-fluoro-nitro-substituted N-1 benzyl groups which achieved breakthrough replicon assay potency (EC(50) = 1 nM). The formation of a covalent bond with adjacent cysteine-366 thiol was was proved by mass spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure studies. The C-5 ethyl C-2 carboxylic acid derivative 47 had an excellent oral area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 18 μM·h (10 mg/kg). Its oral exposure in monkeys and dogs was also very good. The NMR ALARM assay, mass spectroscopy experiments, in vitro counter screening, and toxicology assays demonstrated that the covalent bond formation between compound 47 and the protein was highly selective and specific. The overall excellent profile of 47 made it an interesting candidate for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin X Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|