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Sulzer N, Polterauer D, Hone CA, Kappe CO. Preparation of Sulfonyl Chlorides by Oxidative Chlorination of Thiols and Disulfides using HNO 3/HCl/O 2 in a Flow Reactor. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400292. [PMID: 38477977 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A continuous flow metal-free protocol for the synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides from thiols and disulfides in the presence of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and oxygen was developed. The influence of the reaction parameters was investigated under batch and flow conditions. Online 19F NMR was successfully implemented to investigate different reaction conditions within a single experiment. The sulfonyl chlorides were isolated (mostly in 70-81 % yield) after performing a simple aqueous washing procedure. In particular, the protocol was successfully operated for >6 hours to convert diphenyl disulfide to its corresponding sulfonyl chloride, achieving a throughput of 3.7 g h-1. The environmental impact of the protocol was assessed and compared to an existing continuous flow protocol using 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCH) as reagent. The process mass intensity (PMI) for the newly-developed flow protocol (15) compared favorably to the DCH flow process (20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Sulzer
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Polterauer
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher A Hone
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
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2
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Paketurytė-Latvė V, Smirnov A, Manakova E, Baranauskiene L, Petrauskas V, Zubrienė A, Matulienė J, Dudutienė V, Čapkauskaitė E, Zakšauskas A, Leitans J, Gražulis S, Tars K, Matulis D. From X-ray crystallographic structure to intrinsic thermodynamics of protein-ligand binding using carbonic anhydrase isozymes as a model system. IUCRJ 2024; 11:556-569. [PMID: 38856178 PMCID: PMC11220870 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524004627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was among the first proteins whose X-ray crystal structure was solved to atomic resolution. CA proteins have essentially the same fold and similar active centers that differ in only several amino acids. Primary sulfonamides are well defined, strong and specific binders of CA. However, minor variations in chemical structure can significantly alter their binding properties. Over 1000 sulfonamides have been designed, synthesized and evaluated to understand the correlations between the structure and thermodynamics of their binding to the human CA isozyme family. Compound binding was determined by several binding assays: fluorescence-based thermal shift assay, stopped-flow enzyme activity inhibition assay, isothermal titration calorimetry and competition assay for enzyme expressed on cancer cell surfaces. All assays have advantages and limitations but are necessary for deeper characterization of these protein-ligand interactions. Here, the concept and importance of intrinsic binding thermodynamics is emphasized and the role of structure-thermodynamics correlations for the novel inhibitors of CA IX is discussed - an isozyme that is overexpressed in solid hypoxic tumors, and thus these inhibitors may serve as anticancer drugs. The abundant structural and thermodynamic data are assembled into the Protein-Ligand Binding Database to understand general protein-ligand recognition principles that could be used in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Paketurytė-Latvė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elena Manakova
- Department of Protein - DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Baranauskiene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Petrauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Matulienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Virginija Dudutienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janis Leitans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Sector of Crystallography and Chemical Informatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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3
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Baronas D, Knašienė B, Mickevičiūtė A, Jachno J, Naujalis E, Zubrienė A, Matulis D. Inhibitor binding to metal-substituted metalloenzyme: Sulfonamide affinity for carbonic anhydrase IX. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112547. [PMID: 38581802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal ions are structural and catalytic cofactors of many proteins including human carbonic anhydrase (CA), a Zn-dependent hydrolase. Sulfonamide inhibitors of CA recognize and form a coordination bond with the Zn ion located in the active site of the enzyme. The Zn ion may be removed or substituted with other metal ions. Such CA protein retains the structure and could serve as a tool to study metal ion role in the recognition and binding affinity of inhibitor molecules. We measured the affinities of selected divalent transition metal ions, including Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Hg, and Zn to metal-free CA isozymes CA I, CA II, and CAIX by fluorescence-based thermal shift assay, prepared metal-substituted CAs, and determined binding of diverse sulfonamide compounds. Sulfonamide inhibitor binding to metal substituted CA followed a U-shape pH dependence. The binding was dissected to contributing binding-linked reactions and the intrinsic binding reaction affinity was calculated. This value is independent of pH and protonation reactions that occur simultaneously upon binding native CA and as demonstrated here, to metal substituted CA. Sulfonamide inhibitor binding to cancer-associated isozyme CAIX diminished in the order: Zn > Co > Hg > Cu > Cd > Mn > Ni. Energetic contribution of the inhibitor-metal coordination bond was determined for all above metals. The understanding of the principles of metal influence on ligand affinity and selectivity should help design new drugs targeting metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Baronas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Knašienė
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio 3, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Jachno
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Naujalis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio 3, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania.
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4
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Žvinys G, Petrosiute A, Zakšauskas A, Zubrienė A, Ščerbavičienė A, Kalnina Z, Čapkauskaitė E, Juozapaitienė V, Mickevičiu̅tė A, Shubin K, Grincevičienė Š, Raišys S, Tars K, Matulienė J, Matulis D. High-Affinity NIR-Fluorescent Inhibitors for Tumor Imaging via Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:790-803. [PMID: 38750635 PMCID: PMC11191402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tumor imaging and delivery of therapeutic agents may be achieved by designing high-affinity and high-selectivity compounds recognizing a tumor cell-expressing biomarker, such as carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). The CAIX, overexpressed in many hypoxic solid tumors, helps adjust to the energy requirements of the hypoxic environment, reduces intracellular acidification, and participates in the metastatic invasion of adjacent tissues. Here, we designed a series of sulfonamide compounds bearing CAIX-recognizing, high-affinity, and high-selectivity groups conjugated via a PEG linker to near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes used in the clinic for optically guided cancer surgery. We determined compound affinities for CAIX and other 11 catalytically active CA isozymes by the thermal shift assay and showed that the affinity Kd value of CAIX was in the subnanomolar range, hundred to thousand-fold higher than those of other CA isozymes. Similar affinities were also observed for CAIX expressed on the cancer cell surface in live HeLa cell cultures, as determined by the competition assay. The NIR-fluorescent compounds showed excellent properties in visualizing CAIX-positive tumors but not CAIX-negative knockout tumors in a nude mice xenograft model. These compounds would therefore be helpful in optically guided cancer surgery and could potentially be developed for anticancer treatment by radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Žvinys
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Agne Petrosiute
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Alvilė Ščerbavičienė
- Department
of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Zane Kalnina
- Latvian
Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Juozapaitienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiu̅tė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kirill Shubin
- Latvian
Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Švitrigailė Grincevičienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Steponas Raišys
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, National Center for Physical Sciences
and Technology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian
Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Jurgita Matulienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
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5
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Poslu AH, Aslan ŞE, Koz G, Senturk E, Koz Ö, Senturk M, Nalbantsoy A, Öztekin A, Ekinci D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel salicylidene uracils: Cytotoxic activity on human cancer cell lines and inhibitory action on enzymatic activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300374. [PMID: 37902389 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of salicylidene uracil (1-18) derived from 5-aminouracil and substituted salicylaldehydes were analyzed for cytotoxic activity and enzyme inhibitory potency. Nine out of eighteen derivatives (6-8, 10, 12-15, 18) are novel molecules synthesized for the first time in this work, and other derivatives were previously synthesized by our group. The compounds were characterized by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. All compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against PC-3 (human prostate adenocarcinoma), A549 (human alveolar adenocarcinoma), and SHSY-5Y (human neuroblastoma) cancer cell lines and the nontumorigenic HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cells) cell line. The 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde derived compound (8) was toxic to PC-3 human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, showing a promising IC50 value at 7.05 ± 0.76 μM. The present study also aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the compounds against several key enzymes, namely carbonic anhydrase I and II (CA I and CA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and glutathione reductase (GR), which are implicated in various global disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, cancer, malaria, diabetes, and glaucoma. The inhibitory profiles of the tested compounds were assessed by determining their Ki values, which ranged from 2.96 to 9.24 nM for AChE, 3.78 to 12.57 nM for BChE, 8.42 to 25.74 nM for CA I, 7.24 to 19.74 nM for CA II, and 0.541 to 1.124 μM for GR. Molecular docking studies were also performed for all compounds. Most derivatives exhibited much more effective inhibitory action compared with clinically used standards. Thus, our findings indicate that the salicylidene derivatives presented in this study are promising drug candidates that need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Halıç Poslu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Şafak Esra Aslan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Technology Transfer Office, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Koz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Esra Senturk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ömer Koz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Murat Senturk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aykut Öztekin
- Health Services of Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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6
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Zhang F, Chen F, Zhong M, Shen R, Zhao Z, Wei H, Zhang B, Fang J. Imaging of Carbonic Anhydrase Level in Epilepsy with an Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14833-14841. [PMID: 37747928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) participate in various physiological and pathological activities by catalyzing the interconversion between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions. Under normal circumstances, they guarantee that the relevant biological reactions in our body occur within an appropriate time scale. Abnormal expression or activity alteration of CAs is closely related to the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. This work reports an inhibitor-directed fluorescent probe FMRs-CA for the detection of CAs. Excellent selectivity, favorable biocompatibility, and desirable blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration endow the probe with the ability to image the fluctuation of CAs in cells and mice. We achieved in situ visualization of the increased CAs in hypoxic cells with this probe. Additionally, probe FMRs-CA was mainly enriched within the liver and gradually metabolized by the liver. With the help of FMRs-CA, the increase of CAs in epileptic mouse brains was revealed first from the perspective of imaging, providing the mechanism connection between abnormal CA expressions and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Miao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruipeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhengjia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haopai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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7
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Lingė D, Gedgaudas M, Merkys A, Petrauskas V, Vaitkus A, Grybauskas A, Paketurytė V, Zubrienė A, Zakšauskas A, Mickevičiūtė A, Smirnovienė J, Baranauskienė L, Čapkauskaitė E, Dudutienė V, Urniežius E, Konovalovas A, Kazlauskas E, Shubin K, Schiöth HB, Chen WY, Ladbury JE, Gražulis S, Matulis D. PLBD: protein-ligand binding database of thermodynamic and kinetic intrinsic parameters. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:baad040. [PMID: 37290059 PMCID: PMC10250011 DOI: 10.1093/database/baad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a protein-ligand binding database (PLBD) that presents thermodynamic and kinetic data of reversible protein interactions with small molecule compounds. The manually curated binding data are linked to protein-ligand crystal structures, enabling structure-thermodynamics correlations to be determined. The database contains over 5500 binding datasets of 556 sulfonamide compound interactions with the 12 catalytically active human carbonic anhydrase isozymes defined by fluorescent thermal shift assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, inhibition of enzymatic activity and surface plasmon resonance. In the PLBD, the intrinsic thermodynamic parameters of interactions are provided, which account for the binding-linked protonation reactions. In addition to the protein-ligand binding affinities, the database provides calorimetrically measured binding enthalpies, providing additional mechanistic understanding. The PLBD can be applied to investigations of protein-ligand recognition and could be integrated into small molecule drug design. Database URL https://plbd.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Lingė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Marius Gedgaudas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Merkys
- Sector of Crystallography and Cheminformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Petrauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Antanas Vaitkus
- Sector of Crystallography and Cheminformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Grybauskas
- Sector of Crystallography and Cheminformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Paketurytė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Joana Smirnovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Lina Baranauskienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Virginija Dudutienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Urniežius
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandras Konovalovas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Kazlauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kirill Shubin
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Kirurgiska Vetenskaper, Box 593, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Wen-Yih Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, Jhong-Li 320, Taiwan
| | - John E Ladbury
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Sector of Crystallography and Cheminformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
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8
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Matulienė J, Žvinys G, Petrauskas V, Kvietkauskaitė A, Zakšauskas A, Shubin K, Zubrienė A, Baranauskienė L, Kačenauskaitė L, Kopanchuk S, Veiksina S, Paketurytė-Latvė V, Smirnovienė J, Juozapaitienė V, Mickevičiūtė A, Michailovienė V, Jachno J, Stravinskienė D, Sližienė A, Petrošiūtė A, Becker HM, Kazokaitė-Adomaitienė J, Yaromina A, Čapkauskaitė E, Rinken A, Dudutienė V, Dubois LJ, Matulis D. Picomolar fluorescent probes for compound affinity determination to carbonic anhydrase IX expressed in live cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17644. [PMID: 36271018 PMCID: PMC9586938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous human cancers, especially hypoxic solid tumors, express carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a transmembrane protein with its catalytic domain located in the extracellular space. CAIX acidifies the tumor microenvironment, promotes metastases and invasiveness, and is therefore considered a promising anticancer target. We have designed a series of high affinity and high selectivity fluorescein-labeled compounds targeting CAIX to visualize and quantify CAIX expression in cancer cells. The competitive binding model enabled the determination of common CA inhibitors' dissociation constants for CAIX expressed in exponentially growing cancer cells. All tested sulfonamide compounds bound the proliferating cells with similar affinity as to recombinantly purified CAIX. The probes are applicable for the design of selective drug-like compounds for CAIX and the competition strategy could be applied to other drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Matulienė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Žvinys
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Petrauskas
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Kvietkauskaitė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Zakšauskas
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kirill Shubin
- grid.419212.d0000 0004 0395 6526Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, LV-1006 Latvia
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Baranauskienė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Kačenauskaitė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sergei Kopanchuk
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Santa Veiksina
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vaida Paketurytė-Latvė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Joana Smirnovienė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Juozapaitienė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiūtė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Michailovienė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Jachno
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Stravinskienė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aistė Sližienė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Petrošiūtė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Holger M. Becker
- Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, TU Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Justina Kazokaitė-Adomaitienė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania ,grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Present Address: Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW – School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50/23, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ago Rinken
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Virginija Dudutienė
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW – School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50/23, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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9
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Linkuvienė V, Zubrienė A, Matulis D. Intrinsic affinity of protein - ligand binding by differential scanning calorimetry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140830. [PMID: 35934299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) determines the enthalpy change upon protein unfolding and the melting temperature of the protein. Performing DSC of a protein in the presence of increasing concentrations of specifically-binding ligand yields a series of curves that can be fit to obtain the protein-ligand dissociation constant as done in the fluorescence-based thermal shift assay (FTSA, ThermoFluor, DSF). The enthalpy of unfolding, as directly determined by DSC, helps improving the precision of the fit. If the ligand binding is linked to protonation reactions, the intrinsic binding constant can be determined by performing the affinity determination at a series of pH values. Here, the intrinsic, pH-independent, affinity of acetazolamide binding to carbonic anhydrase (CA) II was determined. A series of high-affinity ligands binding to CAIX, an anticancer drug target, and CAII showed recognition and selectivity for the anticancer isozyme. Performing the DSC experiment in buffers of highly different enthalpies of protonation enabled to observe the ligand unbinding-linked protonation reactions and estimate the intrinsic enthalpy of binding. The heat capacity of combined unfolding and unbinding was determined by varying the ligand concentrations. Taken together, these parameters provided a detailed thermodynamic picture of the linked ligand binding and protein unfolding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Linkuvienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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10
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Chen KT, Seimbille Y. New Developments in Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Targeted Fluorescence and Nuclear Imaging Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116125. [PMID: 35682802 PMCID: PMC9181387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a tumor-specific and hypoxia-induced biomarker for the molecular imaging of solid malignancies. The nuclear- and optical-imaging of CAIX-expressing tumors have received great attention due to their potential for clinical applications. Nuclear imaging is a powerful tool for the non-invasive diagnosis of primary and metastatic CAIX-positive tumors and for the assessment of responses to antineoplastic treatment. Intraoperative optical fluorescence imaging provides improved visualization for surgeons to increase the discrimination of tumor lesions, allowing for safer surgical treatment. Over the past decades, many CAIX-targeted molecular imaging probes, based on monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, peptides, and small molecules, have been reported. In this review, we outline the recent development of CAIX-targeted probes for single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF), and we discuss issues yet to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-8903603
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Zakšauskas A, Čapkauskaitė E, Paketurytė-Latvė V, Smirnov A, Leitans J, Kazaks A, Dvinskis E, Stančaitis L, Mickevičiūtė A, Jachno J, Jezepčikas L, Linkuvienė V, Sakalauskas A, Manakova E, Gražulis S, Matulienė J, Tars K, Matulis D. Methyl 2-Halo-4-Substituted-5-Sulfamoyl-Benzoates as High Affinity and Selective Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:130. [PMID: 35008553 PMCID: PMC8745178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the twelve catalytically active carbonic anhydrase isozymes present in the human body, the CAIX is highly overexpressed in various solid tumors. The enzyme acidifies the tumor microenvironment enabling invasion and metastatic processes. Therefore, many attempts have been made to design chemical compounds that would exhibit high affinity and selective binding to CAIX over the remaining eleven catalytically active CA isozymes to limit undesired side effects. It has been postulated that such drugs may have anticancer properties and could be used in tumor treatment. Here we have designed a series of compounds, methyl 5-sulfamoyl-benzoates, which bear a primary sulfonamide group, a well-known marker of CA inhibitors, and determined their affinities for all twelve CA isozymes. Variations of substituents on the benzenesulfonamide ring led to compound 4b, which exhibited an extremely high observed binding affinity to CAIX; the Kd was 0.12 nM. The intrinsic dissociation constant, where the binding-linked protonation reactions have been subtracted, reached 0.08 pM. The compound also exhibited more than 100-fold selectivity over the remaining CA isozymes. The X-ray crystallographic structure of compound 3b bound to CAIX showed the structural position, while several structures of compounds bound to other CA isozymes showed structural reasons for compound selectivity towards CAIX. Since this series of compounds possess physicochemical properties suitable for drugs, they may be developed for anticancer therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Vaida Paketurytė-Latvė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Janis Leitans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (E.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (E.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Elviss Dvinskis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (E.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Laimonas Stančaitis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jelena Jachno
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Linas Jezepčikas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Vaida Linkuvienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Andrius Sakalauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Elena Manakova
- Department of Protein—DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Department of Protein—DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Jurgita Matulienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (E.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
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12
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Gao J, Prachyathipsakul T, Thayumanavan S. Multichannel dual protein sensing using amphiphilic supramolecular assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12828-12831. [PMID: 34787137 PMCID: PMC8771897 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein sensing strategies have implications in detection of many human pathologies. Here, a supramolecular strategy for sensing two different proteins using a multichannel readout approach is outlined. Protein-ligand binding or enzymatic cleavage can both be programmed to induce supramolecular disassembly, which leads to fluorescence enhancement via aggregation-induced emission (AIE), protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE), or disassembly-induced fluorescence enhancement (DIFE). The accompanying signal change from two different fluorophores and their patterns are then used for specific protein sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
| | | | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
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13
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Janoniene A, Mazutis L, Matulis D, Petrikaite V. Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Motility at the Single-Cell Level. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11571. [PMID: 34769000 PMCID: PMC8584155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA IX), which is expressed in various hypoxic solid tumors in order to maintain proper pH, is also related to cancer cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis processes. Here, we investigated whether CA IX inhibition by a highly CA IX selective agent benzenesulfonamide VD11-4-2 triggers changes in individual cell motility. We seeded breast cancer cells on an extracellular matrix-coated glass-bottomed dish and in a microfluidic device with a gradient flow of epidermal growth factor (EGF), tracked individual cell movement, calculated their migration speeds, and/or followed movement direction. Our results showed that the inhibitor VD11-4-2 decreased the speed of CA IX positive breast cancer cells by 20-26% while not affecting non-cancerous cell migration. The inhibitor suppressed the cell migration velocity increment and hindered cells from reaching their maximum speed. VD11-4-2 also reduced CA IX, expressing cell movement towards the growth factor as a chemoattractant. Such a single cell-based migration assay enabled the comprehensive investigation of the cell motility and revealed that VD11-4-2 shows the ability to suppress breast cancer cell migration at a lower concentration than previously tested CA IX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.J.); (L.M.); (D.M.)
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14
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Tomašič T, Zubrienė A, Skok Ž, Martini R, Pajk S, Sosič I, Ilaš J, Matulis D, Bryant SD. Selective DNA Gyrase Inhibitors: Multi-Target in Silico Profiling with 3D-Pharmacophores. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080789. [PMID: 34451886 PMCID: PMC8400042 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA gyrase is an important target for the development of novel antibiotics. Although ATP-competitive DNA gyrase (GyrB) inhibitors are a well-studied class of antibacterial agents, there is currently no representative used in therapy, largely due to unwanted off-target activities. Selectivity of GyrB inhibitors against closely related human ATP-binding enzymes should be evaluated early in development to avoid off-target binding to homologous binding domains. To address this challenge, we developed selective 3D-pharmacophore models for GyrB, human topoisomerase IIα (TopoII), and the Hsp90 N-terminal domain (NTD) to be used in in silico activity profiling paradigms to identify molecules selective for GyrB over TopoII and Hsp90, as starting points for hit expansion and lead optimization. The models were used to profile highly active GyrB, TopoII, and Hsp90 inhibitors. Selected compounds were tested in in vitro assays. GyrB inhibitors 1 and 2 were inactive against TopoII and Hsp90, while 3 and 4, potent Hsp90 inhibitors, displayed no inhibition of GyrB and TopoII, and TopoII inhibitors 5 and 6 were inactive at GyrB and Hsp90. The results provide a proof of concept for the use of target activity profiling methods to identify selective starting points for hit and lead identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Ž.S.); (S.P.); (I.S.); (J.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-4769-556
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Žiga Skok
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Ž.S.); (S.P.); (I.S.); (J.I.)
| | - Riccardo Martini
- Inte:Ligand Softwareentwicklungs- und Consulting GmbH, Mariahilferstrasse 74B, 1070 Vienna, Austria; (R.M.); (S.D.B.)
- Discngine S.A.S., 79 Avenue Ledru Rollin, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Stane Pajk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Ž.S.); (S.P.); (I.S.); (J.I.)
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Ž.S.); (S.P.); (I.S.); (J.I.)
| | - Janez Ilaš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Ž.S.); (S.P.); (I.S.); (J.I.)
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Sharon D. Bryant
- Inte:Ligand Softwareentwicklungs- und Consulting GmbH, Mariahilferstrasse 74B, 1070 Vienna, Austria; (R.M.); (S.D.B.)
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15
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Pérez-Herrero E, Fernández-Medarde A. The reversed intra- and extracellular pH in tumors as a unified strategy to chemotherapeutic delivery using targeted nanocarriers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2243-2264. [PMID: 34522586 PMCID: PMC8424227 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex entities, comprising a wide variety of malignancies with very different molecular alterations. Despite this, they share a set of characteristics known as "hallmarks of cancer" that can be used as common therapeutic targets. Thus, every tumor needs to change its metabolism in order to obtain the energy levels required for its high proliferative rates, and these adaptations lead to alterations in extra- and intracellular pH. These changes in pH are common to all solid tumors, and can be used either as therapeutic targets, blocking the cell proton transporters and reversing the pH changes, or as means to specifically deliver anticancer drugs. In this review we will describe how proton transport inhibitors in association with nanocarriers have been designed to block the pH changes that are needed for cancer cells to survive after their metabolic adaptations. We will also describe studies aiming to decrease intracellular pH in cancer using nanoparticles as molecular cages for protons which will be released upon UV or IR light exposure. Finally, we will comment on several studies that have used the extracellular pH in cancer for an enhanced cell internalization and tumor penetration of nanocarriers and a controlled drug delivery, describing how nanocarriers are being used to increase drug stability and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pérez-Herrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular Del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Del Cáncer (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca 37007, Spain
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16
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Nocentini A, Angeli A, Carta F, Winum JY, Zalubovskis R, Carradori S, Capasso C, Donald WA, Supuran CT. Reconsidering anion inhibitors in the general context of drug design studies of modulators of activity of the classical enzyme carbonic anhydrase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:561-580. [PMID: 33615947 PMCID: PMC7901698 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1882453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic anions inhibit the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) generally by coordinating to the active site metal ion. Cyanate was reported as a non-coordinating CA inhibitor but those erroneous results were subsequently corrected by another group. We review the anion CA inhibitors (CAIs) in the more general context of drug design studies and the discovery of a large number of inhibitor classes and inhibition mechanisms, including zinc binders (sulphonamides and isosteres, dithiocabamates and isosteres, thiols, selenols, benzoxaboroles, ninhydrins, etc.); inhibitors anchoring to the zinc-coordinated water molecule (phenols, polyamines, sulfocoumarins, thioxocoumarins, catechols); CAIs occluding the entrance to the active site (coumarins and derivatives, lacosamide), as well as compounds that bind outside the active site. All these new chemotypes integrated with a general procedure for obtaining isoform-selective compounds (the tail approach) has resulted, through the guidance of rigorous X-ray crystallography experiments, in the development of highly selective CAIs for all human CA isoforms with many pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Raivis Zalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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17
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Kazokaitė-Adomaitienė J, Becker HM, Smirnovienė J, Dubois LJ, Matulis D. Experimental Approaches to Identify Selective Picomolar Inhibitors for Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3361-3384. [PMID: 33138744 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201102112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) regulate pH homeostasis via the reversible hydration of CO2, thereby emerging as essential enzymes for many vital functions. Among 12 catalytically active CA isoforms in humans, CA IX has become a relevant therapeutic target because of its role in cancer progression. Only two CA IX inhibitors have entered clinical trials, mostly due to low affinity and selectivity properties. OBJECTIVE The current review presents the design, development, and identification of the selective nano- to picomolar CA IX inhibitors VD11-4-2, VR16-09, and VD12-09. METHODS AND RESULTS Compounds were selected from our database, composed of over 400 benzensulfonamides, synthesized at our laboratory, and tested for their binding to 12 human CAs. Here we discuss the CA CO2 hydratase activity/inhibition assay and several biophysical techniques, such as fluorescent thermal shift assay and isothermal titration calorimetry, highlighting their contribution to the analysis of compound affinity and structure- activity relationships. To obtain sufficient amounts of recombinant CAs for inhibitor screening, several gene cloning and protein purification strategies are presented, including site-directed CA mutants, heterologous CAs from Xenopus oocytes, and native endogenous CAs. The cancer cell-based methods, such as clonogenicity, extracellular acidification, and mass spectrometric gas-analysis are reviewed, confirming nanomolar activities of lead inhibitors in intact cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Novel CA IX inhibitors are promising derivatives for in vivo explorations. Furthermore, the simultaneous targeting of several proteins involved in proton flux upon tumor acidosis and the disruption of transport metabolons might improve cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kazokaitė-Adomaitienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Holger M Becker
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joana Smirnovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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18
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Smirnovienė J, Smirnov A, Zakšauskas A, Zubrienė A, Petrauskas V, Mickevičiūtė A, Michailovienė V, Čapkauskaitė E, Manakova E, Gražulis S, Baranauskienė L, Chen W, Ladbury JE, Matulis D. Switching the Inhibitor-Enzyme Recognition Profile via Chimeric Carbonic Anhydrase XII. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:567-580. [PMID: 33945229 PMCID: PMC8095314 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A key part of the optimization of small molecules in pharmaceutical inhibitor development is to vary the molecular design to enhance complementarity of chemical features of the compound with the positioning of amino acids in the active site of a target enzyme. Typically this involves iterations of synthesis, to modify the compound, and biophysical assay, to assess the outcomes. Selective targeting of the anti-cancer carbonic anhydrase isoform XII (CA XII), this process is challenging because the overall fold is very similar across the twelve CA isoforms. To enhance drug development for CA XII we used a reverse engineering approach where mutation of the key six amino acids in the active site of human CA XII into the CA II isoform was performed to provide a protein chimera (chCA XII) which is amenable to structure-based compound optimization. Through determination of structural detail and affinity measurement of the interaction with over 60 compounds we observed that the compounds that bound CA XII more strongly than CA II, switched their preference and bound more strongly to the engineered chimera, chCA XII, based on CA II, but containing the 6 key amino acids from CA XII, behaved as CA XII in its compound recognition profile. The structures of the compounds in the chimeric active site also resembled those determined for complexes with CA XII, hence validating this protein engineering approach in the development of new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Smirnovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Petrauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Vilma Michailovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Elena Manakova
- Department of Protein-DNA InteractionsInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Department of Protein-DNA InteractionsInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Lina Baranauskienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Wen‐Yih Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringInstitute of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsNational Central UniversityTaiwan
| | - John E. Ladbury
- School of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLC Miall BuildingLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
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19
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De Simone G, Bua S, Supuran CT, Alterio V. Benzyl alcohol inhibits carbonic anhydrases by anchoring to the zinc coordinated water molecule. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:217-221. [PMID: 33647799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Up to date alcohols have been scarcely investigated as carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors. To get more insights into the CA inhibition properties of this class of molecules, in this paper, by means of inhibition assays and X-ray crystallographic studies we report a detailed characterization of the CA inhibition properties and the binding mode to human CA II of benzyl alcohol. Results show that, although possessing a very simple scaffold, this molecule acts as a micromolar CA II inhibitor, which anchors to the enzyme active site by means of an H-bond interaction with the zinc bound solvent molecule. Taken together our results clearly indicate primary alcohols as a class of CA inhibitors that deserve to be more investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Bua
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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20
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Stravinskiene D, Sliziene A, Baranauskiene L, Petrikaite V, Zvirbliene A. Inhibitory Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Recombinant Derivatives Targeting Surface-Exposed Carbonic Anhydrase XII on Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249411. [PMID: 33321910 PMCID: PMC7763246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal and recombinant antibodies are widely used for the diagnostics and therapy of cancer. They are generated to interact with cell surface proteins which are usually involved in the development and progression of cancer. Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA XII) contributes to the survival of tumors under hypoxic conditions thus is considered a candidate target for antibody-based therapy. In this study, we have generated a novel collection of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the recombinant extracellular domain of CA XII produced in HEK-293 cells. Eighteen out of 24 MAbs were reactive with cellular CA XII on the surface of live kidney and lung cancer cells as determined by flow cytometry. One MAb 14D6 also inhibited the enzymatic activity of recombinant CA XII as measured by the stopped-flow assay. MAb 14D6 showed the migrastatic effect on human lung carcinoma A549 and renal carcinoma A498 cell lines in a ‘wound healing’ assay. It did not reduce the growth of multicellular lung and renal cancer spheroids but reduced the cell viability by the ATP Bioluminescence assay. Epitope mapping revealed the surface-exposed amino acid sequence (35-FGPDGENS-42) close to the catalytic center of CA XII recognized by the MAb 14D6. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains of MAb 14D6 were sequenced and their complementarity-determining regions were defined. The obtained variable sequences were used to generate recombinant antibodies in two formats: single-chain fragment variable (scFv) expressed in E. coli and scFv fused to human IgG1 Fc fragment (scFv-Fc) expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Both recombinant antibodies maintained the same specificity for CA XII as the parental MAb 14D6. The novel antibodies may represent promising tools for CA XII-related cancer research and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovile Stravinskiene
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aiste Sliziene
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Lina Baranauskiene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.B.); (V.P.)
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
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21
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Dudutienė V, Zubrienė A, Kairys V, Smirnov A, Smirnovienė J, Leitans J, Kazaks A, Tars K, Manakova L, Gražulis S, Matulis D. Isoform-Selective Enzyme Inhibitors by Exploring Pocket Size According to the Lock-and-Key Principle. Biophys J 2020; 119:1513-1524. [PMID: 32971003 PMCID: PMC7642266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the design of high-affinity and enzyme isoform-selective inhibitors, we applied an approach of augmenting the substituents attached to the benzenesulfonamide scaffold in three ways, namely, substitutions at the 3,5- or 2,4,6-positions or expansion of the condensed ring system. The increased size of the substituents determined the spatial limitations of the active sites of the 12 catalytically active human carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms until no binding was observed because of the inability of the compounds to fit in the active site. This approach led to the discovery of high-affinity and high-selectivity compounds for the anticancer target CA IX and antiobesity target CA VB. The x-ray crystallographic structures of compounds bound to CA IX showed the positions of the bound compounds, whereas computational modeling confirmed that steric clashes prevent the binding of these compounds to other isoforms and thus avoid undesired side effects. Such an approach, based on the Lock-and-Key principle, could be used for the development of enzyme-specific drug candidate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginija Dudutienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Visvaldas Kairys
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Joana Smirnovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janis Leitans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lena Manakova
- Department of Protein-DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Department of Protein-DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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22
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Janoniene A, Petrikaite V. In Search of Advanced Tumor Diagnostics and Treatment: Achievements and Perspectives of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Targeted Delivery. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1800-1815. [PMID: 32374612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The research of how cells sense and adapt the oxygen deficiency has been recognized as worth winning a Nobel Prize in 2019. Understanding hypoxia-driven molecular machinery paved a path for novel strategies in fighting hypoxia-related diseases including cancer. The oxygen depletion inside the tumor provokes HIF-1 dependent gene and protein expression which helps the tumor to survive. For this reason, tumor related molecules are in the spotlight for scientists developing anticancer agents. One such target is carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX)-a protein located on the outer cell membrane of most hypoxic tumor cells. This offers the opportunity to exploit it as a target for delivery of cytotoxic drugs, dyes, or radioisotopes to cancer cells. Therefore, researchers investigate CA IX specific small molecules and antibodies as tumor-targeting moieties in nanosystems and conjugates which are expected to overcome the limitations of some existing diagnostic and treatment strategies. This review covers the vast majority of CA IX-targeted systems (nanoparticle and conjugate based) for both therapeutic and imaging purposes published up to now. Furthermore, it shows their stage of development and gives an assessment of their clinical translation possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Janoniene
- Vilnius University Life Science Center, Institute of Biotechnology, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Vilnius University Life Science Center, Institute of Biotechnology, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiology, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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23
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Vaidya AS, Helander JDM, Peterson FC, Elzinga D, Dejonghe W, Kaundal A, Park SY, Xing Z, Mega R, Takeuchi J, Khanderahoo B, Bishay S, Volkman BF, Todoroki Y, Okamoto M, Cutler SR. Dynamic control of plant water use using designed ABA receptor agonists. Science 2020; 366:366/6464/eaaw8848. [PMID: 31649167 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Drought causes crop losses worldwide, and its impact is expected to increase as the world warms. This has motivated the development of small-molecule tools for mitigating the effects of drought on agriculture. We show here that current leads are limited by poor bioactivity in wheat, a widely grown staple crop, and in tomato. To address this limitation, we combined virtual screening, x-ray crystallography, and structure-guided design to develop opabactin (OP), an abscisic acid (ABA) mimic with up to an approximately sevenfold increase in receptor affinity relative to ABA and up to 10-fold greater activity in vivo. Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana reveal a role of the type III receptor PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE-LIKE 2 for the antitranspirant efficacy of OP. Thus, virtual screening and structure-guided optimization yielded newly discovered agonists for manipulating crop abiotic stress tolerance and water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya S Vaidya
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jonathan D M Helander
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dezi Elzinga
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wim Dejonghe
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Amita Kaundal
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Sang-Youl Park
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zenan Xing
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ryousuke Mega
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
| | - Jun Takeuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Bardia Khanderahoo
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Steven Bishay
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yasushi Todoroki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. .,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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24
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Balandis B, Ivanauskaitė G, Smirnovienė J, Kantminienė K, Matulis D, Mickevičius V, Zubrienė A. Synthesis and structure-affinity relationship of chlorinated pyrrolidinone-bearing benzenesulfonamides as human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103658. [PMID: 32088419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel set of pyrrolidinone-based chlorinated benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their binding affinity and selectivity against recombinant human carbonic anhydrases I-XIV using fluorescent thermal shift, p-nitrophenyl acetate hydrolysis and stopped-flow enzymatic inhibition assays. The hydrazones 10-22 prepared from 1-(2-chloro-4-sulfamoylphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid exhibited low nanomolar affinity against cancer-related CA IX (Kd in the range of 5.0-37 nM). Compounds with triazole or oxadiazole groups attached directly to pyrrolidinone moiety bound all CAs weaker than compounds with more flexible tail groups. Chloro group at the meta position of benzenesulfonamide derivatives increased affinity to all CAs as compared with binding data for nonchlorinated compounds. The compounds have a potential for further development of CA inhibitors with higher selectivity for a particular CA isozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benas Balandis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Guostė Ivanauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Joana Smirnovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Kantminienė
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania.
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25
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Zakšauskas A, Čapkauskaitė E, Jezepčikas L, Linkuvienė V, Paketurytė V, Smirnov A, Leitans J, Kazaks A, Dvinskis E, Manakova E, Gražulis S, Tars K, Matulis D. Halogenated and di-substituted benzenesulfonamides as selective inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase isoforms. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111825. [PMID: 31740053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
By applying an approach of a "ring with two tails", a series of novel inhibitors possessing high-affinity and significant selectivity towards selected carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms has been designed. The "ring" consists of 2-chloro/bromo-benzenesulfonamide, where the sulfonamide group is as an anchor coordinating the Zn(II) in the active site of CAs, and halogen atom orients the ring affecting the affinity and selectivity. First "tail" is a substituent containing carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, ether groups or hydrophilic amide linkage. The second "tail" contains aryl- or alkyl-substituents attached through a sulfanyl or sulfonyl group. Both "tails" are connected to the benzene ring and play a crucial role in selectivity. Varying the substituents, we designed compounds selective for CA VII, CA IX, CA XII, or CA XIV. Since due to binding-linked protonation reactions the binding-ready fractions of the compound and protein are much lower than one, the "intrinsic" affinities were calculated that should be used to study correlations between crystal structures and the thermodynamics of binding for rational drug design. The "intrinsic" affinities together with the intrinsic enthalpies and entropies of binding together with co-crystal structures were used demonstrate structural factors determining major contributions for compound affinity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius, LT, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius, LT, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Linas Jezepčikas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius, LT, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Linkuvienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius, LT, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Paketurytė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius, LT, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius, LT, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Janis Leitans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga, LV, 1067, Latvia
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga, LV, 1067, Latvia
| | - Elviss Dvinskis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga, LV, 1067, Latvia
| | - Elena Manakova
- Department of Protein - DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius, LT, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Department of Protein - DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius, LT, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga, LV, 1067, Latvia
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius, LT, 10257, Lithuania.
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Engineered Carbonic Anhydrase VI-Mimic Enzyme Switched the Structure and Affinities of Inhibitors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12710. [PMID: 31481705 PMCID: PMC6722136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory human carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) has emerged as a potential drug target due to its role in pathological states, such as excess acidity-caused dental caries and injuries of gastric epithelium. Currently, there are no available CA VI-selective inhibitors or crystallographic structures of inhibitors bound to CA VI. The present study focuses on the site-directed CA II mutant mimicking the active site of CA VI for inhibitor screening. The interactions between CA VI-mimic and a series of benzenesulfonamides were evaluated by fluorescent thermal shift assay, stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and X-ray crystallography. Kinetic parameters showed that A65T, N67Q, F130Y, V134Q, L203T mutations did not influence catalytic properties of CA II, but inhibitor affinities resembled CA VI, exhibiting up to 0.16 nM intrinsic affinity for CA VI-mimic. Structurally, binding site of CA VI-mimic was found to be similar to CA VI. The ligand interactions with mutated side chains observed in three crystallographic structures allowed to rationalize observed variation of binding modes and experimental binding affinities to CA VI. This integrative set of kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural data revealed CA VI-mimic as a useful model to design CA VI-specific inhibitors which could be beneficial for novel therapeutic applications.
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Thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural parameterization of human carbonic anhydrase interactions toward enhanced inhibitor design. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 51:e10. [PMID: 30912486 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583518000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of rational drug design is to develop small molecules using a quantitative approach to optimize affinity. This should enhance the development of chemical compounds that would specifically, selectively, reversibly, and with high affinity interact with a target protein. It is not yet possible to develop such compounds using computational (i.e., in silico) approach and instead the lead molecules are discovered in high-throughput screening searches of large compound libraries. The main reason why in silico methods are not capable to deliver is our poor understanding of the compound structure-thermodynamics and structure-kinetics correlations. There is a need for databases of intrinsic binding parameters (e.g., the change upon binding in standard Gibbs energy (ΔGint), enthalpy (ΔHint), entropy (ΔSint), volume (ΔVintr), heat capacity (ΔCp,int), association rate (ka,int), and dissociation rate (kd,int)) between a series of closely related proteins and a chemically diverse, but pharmacophoric group-guided library of compounds together with the co-crystal structures that could help explain the structure-energetics correlations and rationally design novel compounds. Assembly of these data will facilitate attempts to provide correlations and train data for modeling of compound binding. Here, we report large datasets of the intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic data including over 400 primary sulfonamide compound binding to a family of 12 catalytically active human carbonic anhydrases (CA). Thermodynamic parameters have been determined by the fluorescent thermal shift assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and by the stopped-flow assay of the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Kinetic measurements were performed using surface plasmon resonance. Intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding were determined by dissecting the binding-linked protonation reactions of the protein and sulfonamide. The compound structure-thermodynamics and kinetics correlations reported here helped to discover compounds that exhibited picomolar affinities, hour-long residence times, and million-fold selectivities over non-target CA isoforms. Drug-lead compounds are suggested for anticancer target CA IX and CA XII, antiglaucoma CA IV, antiobesity CA VA and CA VB, and other isoforms. Together with 85 X-ray crystallographic structures of 60 compounds bound to six CA isoforms, the database should be of help to continue developing the principles of rational target-based drug design.
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New Monoclonal Antibodies for a Selective Detection of Membrane-Associated and Soluble Forms of Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Human Cell Lines and Biological Samples. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080304. [PMID: 31349673 PMCID: PMC6723738 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) selectively targeting tumor-associated antigens such as carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) can significantly contribute to research, diagnostics, and treatment of CA IX-related cancers. CA IX is overexpressed in numerous hypoxic cancers where it promotes tumor progression. Therefore, it is considered as a promising tumor biomarker. A novel collection of MAbs against recombinant CA IX was developed and evaluated in different immunoassays for studying CA IX expression. The reactivity of MAbs with native cell surface protein was confirmed by flow cytometry and the presence of hypoxia-inducible CA IX was investigated in several human cancer cell lines. In addition, the applicability of MAbs for visualization of CA IX-positive tumor cells by immunofluorescence microscopy was demonstrated. MAb H7 was identified as the most promising MAb for different immunoassays. It recognized a linear epitope covering CA IX sequence of 12 amino acid residues 55-GEDDPLGEEDLP-66 within the proteoglycan domain. The MAb H7 was the only one of the collection to immunoprecipitate CA IX protein from cell lysates and detect the denatured CA IX with near-infrared fluorescence Western blot. It was also employed in sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect a soluble form of CA IX in growth medium of tumor cells and blood plasma samples. The diagnostic potential of the MAb H7 was confirmed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimen of cervical carcinoma in situ by immunohistochemistry. The generated MAbs, in particularly clone H7, have great potential in diagnostics and research of CA IX-related cancers.
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Wang Y, Guo H, Tang G, He Q, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Lin Z. A selectivity study of benzenesulfonamide derivatives on human carbonic anhydrase II/IX by 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 80:234-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kairys V, Baranauskiene L, Kazlauskiene M, Matulis D, Kazlauskas E. Binding affinity in drug design: experimental and computational techniques. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:755-768. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1623202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Visvaldas Kairys
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Baranauskiene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Kazlauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Jiang Z, You Q, Zhang X. Medicinal chemistry of metal chelating fragments in metalloenzyme active sites: A perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:172-197. [PMID: 30684796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous metal-containing enzymes (metalloenzymes) have been considered as drug targets related to diseases such as cancers, diabetes, anemia, AIDS, malaria, bacterial infection, fibrosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibitors of the metalloenzymes have been developed independently, most of which are mimics of substrates of the corresponding enzymes. However, little attention has been paid to the interactions between inhibitors and active site metal ions. This review is focused on different metal binding fragments and their chelating properties in the metal-containing active binding pockets of metalloenzymes. We have enumerated over one hundred of inhibitors targeting various metalloenzymes and identified over ten kinds of fragments with different binding patterns. Furthermore, we have investigated the inhibitors that are undergoing clinical evaluation in order to help looking for more potential scaffolds bearing metal binding fragments. This review will provide deep insights for the rational design of novel inhibitors targeting the metal-containing binding sites of specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Jiang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Paketurytė V, Linkuvienė V, Krainer G, Chen WY, Matulis D. Repeatability, precision, and accuracy of the enthalpies and Gibbs energies of a protein–ligand binding reaction measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018; 48:139-152. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Vaškevičienė I, Paketurytė V, Pajanok N, Žukauskas Š, Sapijanskaitė B, Kantminienė K, Mickevičius V, Zubrienė A, Matulis D. Pyrrolidinone-bearing methylated and halogenated benzenesulfonamides as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:322-337. [PMID: 30553625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two series of benzenesulfonamides bearing methyl groups at ortho/ortho or meta/ortho positions and a pyrrolidinone moiety at para position were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of the twelve catalytically active human carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms. Observed binding affinities were determined by fluorescent thermal shift assay and intrinsic binding affinities representing the binding of benzenesulfonamide anion to the Zn(II)-bound water form of CA were calculated. Introduction of dimethyl groups into benzenesulfonamide ring decreased the binding affinity to almost all CA isoforms, but gained in selectivity towards one CA isoform. A chloro group at the meta position of 2,6-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives did not influence the binding to CA I, but it increased the affinity to all other CAs, especially, CA VII and CA XIII (up to 500 fold). The compounds may be used for further development of CA inhibitors with higher selectivity to particular CA isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Vaškevičienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Paketurytė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Nikita Pajanok
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Šarūnas Žukauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Sapijanskaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Kantminienė
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania.
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
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Zakšauskas A, Čapkauskaitė E, Jezepčikas L, Linkuvienė V, Kišonaitė M, Smirnov A, Manakova E, Gražulis S, Matulis D. Design of two-tail compounds with rotationally fixed benzenesulfonamide ring as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:61-78. [PMID: 30006175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of compounds that would bind specific pockets of the target proteins is a difficult task in drug design. The 12 isoforms of catalytically active human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have highly similar active sites that make it difficult to design inhibitors selective for one or several CA isoforms. A series of CA inhibitors based on 2-chloro/bromo-benzenesulfonamide that is largely fixed in the CA active site together with one or two tails yielded compounds that were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of CA isoforms. Introduction of a second tail had significant influence on the binding affinity and two-tailed compounds in most cases provided high affinity and selectivity for CA IX and CA XIV. The contacts between several compounds and CA amino acids were determined by X-ray crystallography. Together with the intrinsic enthalpy and entropy of binding they provided the structure-thermodynamics correlations for this series of compounds with the insight how to rationally build compounds with desired CA isoform as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Linas Jezepčikas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Linkuvienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Miglė Kišonaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Protein - DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Elena Manakova
- Department of Protein - DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Department of Protein - DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania.
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Biophysical, Biochemical, and Cell Based Approaches Used to Decipher the Role of Carbonic Anhydrases in Cancer and to Evaluate the Potency of Targeted Inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:2906519. [PMID: 30112206 PMCID: PMC6077552 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2906519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are thought to be important for regulating pH in the tumor microenvironment. A few of the CA isoforms are upregulated in cancer cells, with only limited expression in normal cells. For these reasons, there is interest in developing inhibitors that target these tumor-associated CA isoforms, with increased efficacy but limited nonspecific cytotoxicity. Here we present some of the biophysical, biochemical, and cell based techniques and approaches that can be used to evaluate the potency of CA targeted inhibitors and decipher the role of CAs in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastatic processes. These techniques include esterase activity assays, stop flow kinetics, and mass inlet mass spectroscopy (MIMS), all of which measure enzymatic activity of purified protein, in the presence or absence of inhibitors. Also discussed is the application of X-ray crystallography and Cryo-EM as well as other structure-based techniques and thermal shift assays to the studies of CA structure and function. Further, large-scale genomic and proteomic analytical methods, as well as cell based techniques like those that measure cell growth, apoptosis, clonogenicity, and cell migration and invasion, are discussed. We conclude by reviewing approaches that test the metastatic potential of CAs and how the aforementioned techniques have contributed to the field of CA cancer research.
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Novel fluorinated carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors reduce hypoxia-induced acidification and clonogenic survival of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26800-26816. [PMID: 29928486 PMCID: PMC6003569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX has emerged as a promising anticancer target and a diagnostic biomarker for solid hypoxic tumors. Novel fluorinated CA IX inhibitors exhibited up to 50 pM affinity towards the recombinant human CA IX, selectivity over other CAs, and direct binding to Zn(II) in the active site of CA IX inducing novel conformational changes as determined by X-ray crystallography. Mass spectrometric gas-analysis confirmed the CA IX-based mechanism of the inhibitors in a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CA IX knockout in HeLa cells. Hypoxia-induced extracellular acidification was significantly reduced in HeLa, H460, MDA-MB-231, and A549 cells exposed to the compounds, with the IC50 values up to 1.29 nM. A decreased clonogenic survival was observed when hypoxic H460 3D spheroids were incubated with our lead compound. These novel compounds are therefore promising agents for CA IX-specific therapy.
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Marks IS, Gardeen SS, Kurdziel SJ, Nicolaou ST, Woods JE, Kularatne SA, Low PS. Development of a Small Molecule Tubulysin B Conjugate for Treatment of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Receptor Expressing Cancers. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2289-2296. [PMID: 29715036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-spanning zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible consumption of CO2 and water to form H+ + HCO3-. Many human cancers upregulate CAIX to help control the pH in their hypoxic microenvironments. The consequent overexpression of CAIX on malignant cells and low expression on normal tissues render CAIX a particularly attractive target for small molecule inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and ligand-targeted drugs. In this study, CAIX-targeted fluorescent reporter molecules were initially exploited to investigate CAIX-specific binding to multiple cancer cell lines, where they were shown to display potent and selective binding to CAIX positive cells. A small molecule CAIX-targeted tubulysin B conjugate was then synthesized and examined for its ability to kill CAIX-expressing tumor cells in vitro. Potent therapeutic conjugates were subsequently tested in vivo and demonstrated to eliminate solid human tumor xenografts in murine tumor models without exhibiting overt signs of toxicity. Because most solid tumors contain hypoxic regions where CAIX is overexpressed, development of a method to selectively deliver drugs to these hypoxic regions could aid in the therapy of otherwise difficult to treat tumors.
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Nakai M, Pan J, Lin KS, Thompson JR, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Nakabayashi Y, Storr T. Evaluation of 99mTc-sulfonamide and sulfocoumarin derivatives for imaging carbonic anhydrase IX expression. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 185:63-70. [PMID: 29778927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to prepare hypoxia tumor imaging agents, technetium(I) and rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with dipyridylamine (L1 = N-{[1-(2,2-dioxido-1,2-benzoxathiin-6-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-2-pyridinemethanamine; L3 = N-{[1-[N-(4-aminosulfonylphenyl)]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-N-(2-pyridinyl-methyl)-2-pyridinemethanamine), and iminodiacetate (H2L2 = N-{[1-(2,2-dioxido-1,2-benzoxathiin-6-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl]methyl}-N-(carboxy-methyl)-glycine; H2L4 = N-{[1-[N-(4-aminosulfonylphenyl)]-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl]methyl}-N-(carboxymethyl)-glycine) ligands appended to sulfonamide or sulfocoumarin carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were synthesized. The Re(I) complexes were characterized using 1H/13C NMR, MS, EA, and in one case the X-ray structure of [Et3NH][Re(CO)3(L2)] was obtained. As expected, the Re coordination geometry is distorted octahedral, with a tridentate iminodiacetate ligand in a fac arrangement dictated by the three strong-field CO ligands. Inhibition studies of human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) showed that the Re sulfocoumarin derivatives were inactive against hCA-I, -II and -IV, but had moderate affinity for hCA-IX. The Re sulfonamides showed improved affinity against all tested hCAs, with [Re(CO)3(L4)]- being the most active and selective for the hCA-IX isoform. The corresponding 99mTc complexes were synthesized from fac-[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+, purified by HPLC, and obtained with average 41-76% decay-corrected radiochemical yields and with >99% radiochemical purity. Uptake in HT-29 tumors at 1 h post-injection was highest for [99mTc(CO)3(L4)]- (0.14 ± 0.10%ID/g) in comparison to [99mTc(CO)3(L1)]+ (0.06 ± 0.01%ID/g), [99mTc(CO)3(L2)]- (0.03 ± 0.00%ID/g), and [99mTc(CO)3(L3)]+ (0.07 ± 0.03%ID/g). The uptake in tumors was further reduced at 4 h post-injection. For potential imaging application with single photon emission computed tomography, further optimization is needed to improve the affinity to hCA-IX and uptake in hCA-IX expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamatecho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Jihne Pan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - John R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino,50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino,50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Yasuo Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamatecho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Čapkauskaitė E, Zubrienė A, Paketurytė V, Timm DD, Tumkevičius S, Matulis D. Thiazole-substituted benzenesulfonamides as inhibitors of 12 human carbonic anhydrases. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:534-541. [PMID: 29459130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Four series of para or meta - substituted thiazolylbenzenesulfonamides bearing Cl substituents were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as inhibitors of all 12 catalytically active recombinant human carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms. Observed affinities were determined by the fluorescent thermal shift assay and the intrinsic affinities were calculated based on the fractions of binding-ready deprotonated sulfonamide and CA bearing protonated hydroxide bound to the catalytic Zn(II) in the active site. Several compounds exhibited selectivity towards CA IX, an anticancer target. Intrinsic affinities reached 30 pM, while the observed affinities - 70 nM. The structure-intrinsic affinity relationship map of the compounds showed the energetic contributions of the thiazole ring and its substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Paketurytė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - David D Timm
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Tumkevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, Vilnius LT-03225, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania.
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40
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Smirnov A, Zubrienė A, Manakova E, Gražulis S, Matulis D. Crystal structure correlations with the intrinsic thermodynamics of human carbonic anhydrase inhibitor binding. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4412. [PMID: 29503769 PMCID: PMC5831161 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure-thermodynamics correlation analysis was performed for a series of fluorine- and chlorine-substituted benzenesulfonamide inhibitors binding to several human carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms. The total of 24 crystal structures of 16 inhibitors bound to isoforms CA I, CA II, CA XII, and CA XIII provided the structural information of selective recognition between a compound and CA isoform. The binding thermodynamics of all structures was determined by the analysis of binding-linked protonation events, yielding the intrinsic parameters, i.e., the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy of binding. Inhibitor binding was compared within structurally similar pairs that differ by para- or meta-substituents enabling to obtain the contributing energies of ligand fragments. The pairs were divided into two groups. First, similar binders—the pairs that keep the same orientation of the benzene ring exhibited classical hydrophobic effect, a less exothermic enthalpy and a more favorable entropy upon addition of the hydrophobic fragments. Second, dissimilar binders—the pairs of binders that demonstrated altered positions of the benzene rings exhibited the non-classical hydrophobic effect, a more favorable enthalpy and variable entropy contribution. A deeper understanding of the energies contributing to the protein-ligand recognition should lead toward the eventual goal of rational drug design where chemical structures of ligands could be designed based on the target protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elena Manakova
- Department of Protein-DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Department of Protein-DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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41
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Linkuvienė V, Talibov VO, Danielson UH, Matulis D. Introduction of Intrinsic Kinetics of Protein–Ligand Interactions and Their Implications for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2292-2302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Linkuvienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vladimir O. Talibov
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Uppsala, SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - U. Helena Danielson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Uppsala, SE-751 23, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
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42
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Novel 2-(2-arylmethylthio-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-1-(1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)guanidine derivatives: Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase cytosolic isozymes I and II and the transmembrane tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII, anticancer activity, and molecular modeling studies. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1931-1941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Čapkauskaitė E, Zakšauskas A, Ruibys V, Linkuvienė V, Paketurytė V, Gedgaudas M, Kairys V, Matulis D. Benzimidazole design, synthesis, and docking to build selective carbonic anhydrase VA inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:675-687. [PMID: 29305297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The similarity of human carbonic anhydrase (CA) active sites makes it difficult to design selective inhibitors for one or several CA isoforms that are drug targets. Here we synthesize a series of compounds that are based on 5-[2-(benzimidazol-1-yl)acetyl]-2-chloro-benzenesulfonamide (1a) which demonstrated picomolar binding affinity and significant selectivity for CA isoform five A (VA), and explain the structural influence of inhibitor functional groups to the binding affinity and selectivity. A series of chloro-substituted benzenesulfonamides bearing a heterocyclic tail, together with molecular docking, was used to build inhibitors that explore substituent influence on the binding affinity to the CA VA isoform.
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Key Words
- 3,4-Dihydro-2H-quinoline
- CA inhibitor
- Carbonic anhydrase isozyme I, II, III, IV, VA, VB, VI, VII, IX, XII, XIII, and XIV
- Docking
- Fluorescent thermal shift assay
- Imidazole
- Indoline
- N-Alkylated benzimidazole
- Sulfonamide
- ThermoFluor®
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Virginijus Ruibys
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, Vilnius LT-03225, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Linkuvienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Paketurytė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Marius Gedgaudas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Visvaldas Kairys
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania.
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44
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Kazokaitė J, Aspatwar A, Parkkila S, Matulis D. An update on anticancer drug development and delivery targeting carbonic anhydrase IX. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4068. [PMID: 29181278 PMCID: PMC5702504 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is up-regulated in many types of solid tumors in humans under hypoxic and acidic microenvironment. Inhibition of CA IX enzymatic activity with selective inhibitors, antibodies or labeled probes has been shown to reverse the acidic environment of solid tumors and reduce the tumor growth establishing the significant role of CA IX in tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potent antitumor drugs targeting CA IX with minimal toxic effects is important for the target-specific tumor therapy. Recently, several promising antitumor agents against CA IX have been developed to treat certain types of cancers in combination with radiation and chemotherapy. Here we review the inhibition of CA IX by small molecule compounds and monoclonal antibodies. The methods of enzymatic assays, biophysical methods, animal models including zebrafish and Xenopus oocytes, and techniques of diagnostic imaging to detect hypoxic tumors using CA IX-targeted conjugates are discussed with the aim to overview the recent progress related to novel therapeutic agents that target CA IX in hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kazokaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Life sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Life sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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45
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Intrinsic thermodynamics of high affinity inhibitor binding to recombinant human carbonic anhydrase IV. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 47:271-290. [PMID: 28975383 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoform IV participates in carbon metabolism and pH homeostasis and is implicated in the development of eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and glaucoma. A series of substituted benzenesulfonamides were designed and their binding affinity to CA IV was determined by fluorescent thermal shift assay and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Compound [(4-chloro-2-phenylsulfanyl-5-sulfamoyl-benzoyl)amino]propyl acetate (19) bound CA IV with the K d of 1.0 nM and exhibited significant selectivity over the remaining 11 human CA isoforms. The compound could be developed as a drug targeting CA IV. Various forms of recombinant CA IV were produced in Escherichia coli and mammalian cell cultures. Comparison of their temperature stability in various buffers and salt solutions demonstrated that CA IV is most stable at slightly alkaline conditions and at elevated sodium sulfate concentrations. High-resolution X-ray crystallographic structures of ortho-Cl and meta-thiazole-substituted benzene sulfonamide in complex with CA IV revealed the position of and interactions between the ligand and the protein. Sulfonamide inhibitor binding to CA IV is linked to several reactions-the deprotonation of the sulfonamide amino group, the protonation of CA-Zn(II)-bound hydroxide at the active site of CA IV, and the compensating reactions of the buffer. The dissection of binding-linked reactions yielded the intrinsic thermodynamic parameters, characterizing the interaction between CA IV and the sulfonamides in the binding-able protonation forms, including Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy, that could be used for the characterization of binding to any CA in the process of drug design.
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46
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Improved molecular recognition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX by polypeptide conjugation to acetazolamide. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5838-5848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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47
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Vaškevičienė I, Paketurytė V, Zubrienė A, Kantminienė K, Mickevičius V, Matulis D. N-Sulfamoylphenyl- and N-sulfamoylphenyl-N-thiazolyl-β-alanines and their derivatives as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:16-29. [PMID: 28888097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted and N,N-disubstituted β-amino acids and their derivatives bearing benzenesulfonamide moiety were designed and synthesized in search of compounds that would be high-affinity and selective inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases (CA). There are 12 catalytically active human CA isoforms, the cytosolic CA I, CA II, CA III, CA VII, and CA XIII, secreted CA VI, the mitochondrial CA VA and CA VB, membrane-associated CA IV, and transmembrane CA IX, CA XII, and CA XIV. The di-bromo meta-substituted compounds exhibited low nanomolar dissociation constants and over 10-fold selectivity for mitochondrial isozyme CA VB, implicated in diseases of the central nervous system and obesity. These compounds can be used for further development as inhibitors of significant binding affinity and selectivity towards CA VB isozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Vaškevičienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Paketurytė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Kantminienė
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania.
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48
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Zhang H, Liu D, Wang L, Liu Z, Wu R, Janoniene A, Ma M, Pan G, Baranauskiene L, Zhang L, Cui W, Petrikaite V, Matulis D, Zhao H, Pan J, Santos HA. Microfluidic Encapsulation of Prickly Zinc-Doped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles with VD1142 Modified Spermine Acetalated Dextran for Efficient Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28272780 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Structural features of nanoparticles have recently been explored for different types of applications. To explore specific particles as nanomedicine and physically destroy cancer is interesting, which might avoid many obstacles in cancer treatment, for example, drug resistance. However, one key element and technical challenge of those systems is to selectively target them to cancer cells. As a proof-of-concept, Prickly zinc-doped copper oxide (Zn-CuO) nanoparticles (Prickly NPs) have been synthesized, and subsequently encapsulated in a pH-responsive polymer; and the surface has been modified with a novel synthesized ligand, 3-(cyclooctylamino)-2,5,6-trifluoro-4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl] benzenesulfonamide (VD1142). The Prickly NPs exhibit very effective cancer cell antiproliferative capability. Moreover, the polymer encapsulation shields the Prickly NPs from unspecific nanopiercing and, most importantly, VD1142 endows the engineered NPs to specifically target to the carbonic anhydrase IX, a transmembrane protein overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer tumors. Intracellularly, the Prickly NPs disintegrate into small pieces that upon endosomal escape cause severe damage to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of the cells. The engineered Prickly NP is promising in efficient and targeted cancer treatment and it opens new avenue in nanomedication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Applied Science and Engineering; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Dongfei Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Zehua Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Runrun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Agne Janoniene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design; Institute of Biotechnology; Vilnius University; LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Ming Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050 China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopaedic Institute; Soochow University; Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Lina Baranauskiene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design; Institute of Biotechnology; Vilnius University; LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050 China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopaedic Institute; Soochow University; Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design; Institute of Biotechnology; Vilnius University; LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
- Department of Drug chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; LT-44307 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design; Institute of Biotechnology; Vilnius University; LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Jianming Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
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49
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Janoniene A, Liu Z, Baranauskiene L, Mäkilä E, Ma M, Salonen J, Hirvonen J, Zhang H, Petrikaite V, Santos HA. A Versatile Carbonic Anhydrase IX Targeting Ligand-Functionalized Porous Silicon Nanoplatform for Dual Hypoxia Cancer Therapy and Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13976-13987. [PMID: 28383881 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs in most solid tumors, and it has been shown to be an independent prognostic indicator of a poor clinical outcome for patients with various cancers. Therefore, constructing a nanosystem specifically targeting cancer cells under hypoxia conditions is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Herein, we develop a porous silicon (PSi)-based nanosystem for targeted cancer therapy. VD11-4-2, a novel inhibitor for carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), is anchored on PSi particles (VD-PSi). As CA IX is mainly expressed on the cancer cell membrane under hypoxia condition, this nanocomplex inherits a strong affinity toward hypoxic human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells; thus, a better killing efficiency for the hypoxia-induced drug resistance cancer cell is observed. Furthermore, the release of doxorubicin (DOX) from VD-PSi showed pH dependence, which is possibly due to the hydrogen-bonding interaction between DOX and VD11-4-2. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer effect between DOX and VD11-4-2 is observed and applied for monitoring the DOX release intracellularly. Protein inhibition and binding assays showed that VD-PSi binds and inhibits CA IX. Overall, we developed a novel nanosystem inheriting several advantageous properties, which has great potential for targeted treatment of cancer cells under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Janoniene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University , LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zehua Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lina Baranauskiene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University , LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ming Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Åbo Akademi University , FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University , LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Drug chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Baranauskiene L, Matulis D. Herbicide oryzalin inhibits human carbonic anhydrasesin vitro. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Baranauskiene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology; Vilnius University; Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology; Vilnius University; Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
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