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Okarvi SM, Al-Jammaz I. Synthesis, Radiolabeling, and Preclinical Evaluation of 68Ga/ 177Lu-Labeled Leuprolide Peptide Analog for the Detection of Breast Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022; 37:372-383. [PMID: 35325547 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The expansion of novel and potent tumor receptor binding peptides is a promising approach for the precise targeting of various cancer. Leuprolide is a 9-residue peptide analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and is extensively used in the treatment of sex hormone-dependent tumors, including prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer. This preclinical study was undertaken to prepare a new radiolabeled leuprolide peptide for the detection of breast carcinoma. Methods: A 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-coupled 9-amino acid leuprolide peptide was synthesized after typical 9-fluorenylmethyl-oxycarbonyl-based solid-phase peptide synthesis and radiolabeled with both 68Ga and 177Lu radionuclides for theranostic use. The systemic pharmacokinetics was done in healthy balb/c mice. The in vitro tumor cell binding affinity was determined on MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. In vivo tumor targeting and micro positron-emission tomography imaging was performed on nude mice with MCF7 breast tumor xenografts. Results: The leuprolide peptide was conveniently synthesized by solid-phase synthesis strategy and its identity and purity were validated by mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The peptide radiolabeled efficiently (˃94%) with both diagnostic (68Ga) and therapeutic (177Lu) radionuclides and displayed nanomolar binding potency to all three tested MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Fast and favorable pharmacokinetics was observed for 68Ga/177Lu-leuprolide in healthy Balb/c mice. In nude mice, 68Ga-leuprolide peptide exhibited rapid clearance from the blood circulation with low to moderate (up to 5% ID/g) uptake/retention by the major body organs. The accumulation in the estrogen receptor-positive MCF7 tumor was 2.24% ± 0.62% ID/g at 45 min p.i, with good tumor to blood and muscle uptake ratios. The radiolabeled peptide was excreted primarily through the renal pathway. Conclusion: The encouraging results of this initial study demonstrate that additional testing of this leuprolide peptide seems to be indicated because of its convincing potential to be a new agent for the management of breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhani M Okarvi
- Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Jammaz
- Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Maina T, Nock BA. Peptide radiopharmaceuticals for targeted diagnosis & therapy of human tumors. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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3
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Internal Radiation Therapy. Recent Results Cancer Res 2020. [PMID: 32594411 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapies are applied to increase the efficiency of antitumor treatment by simultaneously decreasing side effects. This can be achieved using carrier molecules which specifically bind to target structures or areas with remodeling activity. These carrier molecules may be coupled to chemotherapeutic drugs or to radioactive isotopes. In most cases, these carrier molecules are antibodies against tumor antigens, peptides, or small molecules which are binders for overexpressed receptors on tumor cells. The paradigm of endoradiotherapy is exemplified by the peptidic tracer DOTATOC which binds to somatostatin receptors and recently also small molecule inhibitors with high affinity for the prostate-specific membrane antigen.
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Aleksandar V, Drina J, Magdalena R, Zorana M, Marija M, Dragana S, Sanja VĐ. Optimization of the radiolabelling method for improved in vitro and in vivo stability of 90Y-albumin microspheres. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 156:108984. [PMID: 31760344 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biologically stable 90Y-labelled albumin microspheres (AMS) were developed by optimizing the process of their preparation. Three formulations of 90Y-AMS were initially prepared with high radiolabelling yield but depending on the step when the radionuclide 90Y and DTPA chelator were added, radiolabelled microspheres with different in vitro and in vivo stability were obtained. DTPA was proved as a useful chelating agent that tightly links radionuclide 90Y to albumin. Also, AMS radiolabelled via DTPA during preparation and before microspheres stabilization, showed significant in vitro and in vivo stability ready for the potential use in selective internal radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vukadinović Aleksandar
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O.Box 522, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Janković Drina
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O.Box 522, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Radović Magdalena
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O.Box 522, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milanović Zorana
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O.Box 522, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Mirković Marija
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O.Box 522, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Stanković Dragana
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O.Box 522, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vranješ-Đurić Sanja
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O.Box 522, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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5
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Schollhammer R, De Clermont Gallerande H, Yacoub M, Quintyn Ranty ML, Barthe N, Vimont D, Hindié E, Fernandez P, Morgat C. Comparison of the radiolabeled PSMA-inhibitor 111In-PSMA-617 and the radiolabeled GRP-R antagonist 111In-RM2 in primary prostate cancer samples. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:52. [PMID: 31161459 PMCID: PMC6546761 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) are expressed in prostate cancer and can be targeted with radiolabeled inhibitors and antagonists. Their performances for the initial characterization of prostatic tumors have been barely evaluated but never compared. We aimed to gather comparative preclinical data of the role of PSMA and GRP-R targeting in prostate cancer. Procedures We retrospectively studied 20 frozen prostatectomy samples with various metastatic risks of the D’Amico classification. Tissue samples were investigated by tissular microimaging using the radiolabeled PSMA inhibitor 111In-PSMA-617 and the radiolabeled GRP-R antagonist 111In-RM2. Bindings of the two radiopharmaceuticals were compared to histology and clinico-biological data (Gleason score, PSA values, metastatic risks). Results Binding of 111In-PSMA-617 was high whatever the metastatic risk (p = 0.665), Gleason score (p = 0.555), or PSA value (p = 0.404) while 111In-RM2 exhibited a significantly higher binding in the low metastatic risk group (p = 0.046), in the low PSA value group (p = 0.001), and in samples with Gleason 6 score (p = 0.006). Conclusion PSMA and GRP-R based imaging might have complementary performances for the initial characterization of prostatic tumors. Prospective clinical studies comparing the two tracers in this setting are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Schollhammer
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33000, 33076, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR5287, 33400, Talence, France. .,CNRS, INCIA, UMR5287, 33400, Talence, France.
| | - Henri De Clermont Gallerande
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33000, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mokrane Yacoub
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Delphine Vimont
- University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR5287, 33400, Talence, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR5287, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Elif Hindié
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33000, 33076, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR5287, 33400, Talence, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR5287, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Philippe Fernandez
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33000, 33076, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR5287, 33400, Talence, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR5287, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Clément Morgat
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33000, 33076, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR5287, 33400, Talence, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR5287, 33400, Talence, France
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6
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Zhuo L, Yang X, Liao W, Wang J, Wang H, Lv M, Wang G, Song H, Feng Y, Chen Y, Wei H, Yang Y, Zhao P. Comparative cell uptake study of FITC-/177Lu-labeled RM26 monomer, dimer and trimer on PC-3: improving binding affinity of gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonist via bivalency/trivalency. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Guillou A, Lima LMP, Esteban-Gómez D, Le Poul N, Bartholomä MD, Platas-Iglesias C, Delgado R, Patinec V, Tripier R. Methylthiazolyl Tacn Ligands for Copper Complexation and Their Bifunctional Chelating Agent Derivatives for Bioconjugation and Copper-64 Radiolabeling: An Example with Bombesin. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:2669-2685. [PMID: 30689368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present here the synthesis of two new bifunctionalized azachelators, no2th-EtBzNCS and Hno2th1tha, as bioconjugable analogues of two previously described di- and trimethylthiazolyl 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) ligands, no2th and no3th, for potential uses in copper-64 (64Cu) positron emission tomography imaging. The first one bears an isothiocyanate group on the remaining free nitrogen atom of the tacn framework, while the second one presents an additional carboxylic function on one of the three heterocyclic pendants. Their syntheses required regiospecific N-functionalization of the macrocycles. In order to investigate their suitability for in vivo applications, a complete study of their copper(II) chelation was performed. The acid-base properties of the ligands and their thermodynamic stability constants with copper(II) and zinc(II) cations were determined using potentiometric techniques. Structural studies were conducted in both solution and the solid state, consolidated by theoretical calculations. The kinetic inertness in an acidic medium of both copper(II) complexes was determined by spectrophotometry, while cyclic voltammetry experiments were performed to evaluate the stability at the copper(I) redox state. UV-vis, NMR (of the zinc complexes), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and density functional theory studies showed excellent agreement between the solution structures of the complexes and their crystallographic data. These investigations unambiguously prove that these bifunctional derivatives display similar coordination properties as their no2th and no3th counterparts, opening the door to targeted bioapplications. The no2th-EtBzNCS and Hno2th1tha ligands were then conjugated to a bombesin antagonist peptide for targeting the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr). To highlight the potential of the two chelators for radiopharmaceutical development, the 64Cu-radiolabeling properties, in vitro stability, and binding affinity to GRPr of the corresponding bioconjugates were determined. Altogether, the results of this work warrant the further development of 64Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals comprising our novel bifunctional chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Guillou
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques , UMR-CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837 , 29238 Brest Cedex 3 , France
| | - Luís M P Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Avenida da República , 2780-157 Oeiras , Portugal
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas , Universidade da Coruña , 15071 A Coruña , Spain
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques , UMR-CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837 , 29238 Brest Cedex 3 , France
| | - Mark D Bartholomä
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Saarland University-Medical Center , Kirrbergerstrasse , 66421 Homburg , Germany
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas , Universidade da Coruña , 15071 A Coruña , Spain
| | - Rita Delgado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Avenida da República , 2780-157 Oeiras , Portugal
| | - Véronique Patinec
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques , UMR-CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837 , 29238 Brest Cedex 3 , France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques , UMR-CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837 , 29238 Brest Cedex 3 , France
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8
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Akbar MJ, Lukasewicz Ferreira PC, Giorgetti M, Stokes L, Morris CJ. Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2553-2562. [PMID: 31921534 PMCID: PMC6941431 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Gastrin-releasing peptide is a member of the bombesin family of peptides. Its cognate receptor, gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), is widely expressed in cancers of the lung, pancreas and ovaries. Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) is an autocrine growth factor in small cell lung cancer, which has very poor patient outcomes. High affinity antagonist peptides have been developed for in vivo cancer imaging. In this report we decorated pegylated liposomes with a GRPR antagonist peptide and studied its interaction with, and accumulation within, lung cancer cells. Results: An N-terminally cysteine modified GRPR antagonist (termed cystabn) was synthesised and shown to inhibit cell growth in vitro. Cystabn was used to prepare a targeted 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2000) lipid conjugate that was formulated into liposomes. The liposomes displayed desirable colloidal properties and good stability under storage conditions. Flow cytometric and microscopic studies showed that fluorescently labelled cystabn-decorated liposomes accumulated more extensively in GRPR over-expressing cells than matched liposomes that contained no cystabn targeting motif. Conclusion: The use of GRPR antagonistic peptides for nanoparticle targeting has potential for enhancing drug accumulation in resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leanne Stokes
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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9
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Lv M, Zhao P, Zhuo L, Liao W, Wang H, Yang X, Wang J, Wang G, Song H, Feng Y, Chen Y, Yang Y, Wei H. Binding and cytotoxicity of 131I-labeled gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonists modified by cell penetrating peptides. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Nock BA, Charalambidis D, Sallegger W, Waser B, Mansi R, Nicolas GP, Ketani E, Nikolopoulou A, Fani M, Reubi JC, Maina T. New Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor-Directed [ 99mTc]Demobesin 1 Mimics: Synthesis and Comparative Evaluation. J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29517903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported on the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonist [99mTc]1, ([99mTc]demobesin 1, 99mTc-[N4'-diglycolate-dPhe6,Leu-NHEt13]BBN(6-13)). [99mTc]1 has shown superior biological profile compared to analogous agonist-based 99mTc-radioligands. We herein present a small library of [99mTc]1 mimics generated after structural modifications in (a) the linker ([99mTc]2, [99mTc]3, [99mTc]4), (b) the peptide chain ([99mTc]5, [99mTc]6), and (c) the C-terminus ([99mTc]7 or [99mTc]8). The effects of above modifications on the biological properties of analogs were studied in PC-3 cells and tumor-bearing SCID mice. All analogs showed subnanomolar affinity for the human GRPR, while most receptor-affine 4 and 8 behaved as potent GRPR antagonists in a functional internalization assay. In mice bearing PC-3 tumors, [99mTc]1-[99mTc]6 exhibited GRPR-specific tumor uptake, rapidly clearing from normal tissues. [99mTc]4 displayed the highest tumor uptake (28.8 ± 4.1%ID/g at 1 h pi), which remained high even after 24 h pi (16.3 ± 1.8%ID/g), well surpassing that of [99mTc]1 (5.4 ± 0.7%ID/g at 24 h pi).
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold A Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES , National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , GR-153 10 Athens , Greece
| | - David Charalambidis
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES , National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , GR-153 10 Athens , Greece
| | | | - Beatrice Waser
- Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology , University of Berne , CH-3010 Berne , Switzerland
| | | | | | - Eleni Ketani
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES , National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , GR-153 10 Athens , Greece
| | - Anastasia Nikolopoulou
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES , National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , GR-153 10 Athens , Greece
| | | | - Jean-Claude Reubi
- Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology , University of Berne , CH-3010 Berne , Switzerland
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES , National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , GR-153 10 Athens , Greece
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11
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang R, Liu S, Wang Y, Jing L, Louis MDJ, Cao R. Comparison of fusion protein and DC vaccine in inhibition of mouse B16F10 melanoma tumor. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:784-792. [PMID: 29112931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccine and fusion protein vaccine have been put into clinical use in cancer immunotherapy. This study compared DC vaccine and fusion protein vaccine directly in their capability of inducing specific immune response. We used mouse Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (mGM-CSF) fused with gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) respectively to obtain mGM-CSF/GRP6 (mG6) and mGM-CSF/mGGn (mGGn) fusion proteins. We prepared fusion protein vaccine and DC vaccine including mG6 protein vaccine (6P), mGGn protein vaccine (nP), mG6 DC vaccine (6D) and mGGn DC vaccine (nD), then the two proteins were mixed to prepare combination proteins vaccine (6nP) and DC vaccine (6nD). After that, C57BL/6 mice were injected with B16F10 cell line to build melanoma tumor model, and were immunized with vaccines to produce antibodies to inhibit and destruct melanoma tumor cells. The discoveries showed that anti- mGM-CSF-GRP6 and anti- mGM-CSF-mGGn antibody vaccines were successfully created as expected; this was deduced from significant inhibition of melanoma tumor in vivo and significant reduction of tumor weight and volume. The effects of DC groups were better than that of the protein groups and the combination of vaccines were more effective than vaccine given separately. Our results indicate that using combination vaccine provides a new strategy to inhibit melanoma tumor growth but a complete cure of melanoma needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjia Xiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Liangliang Jing
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | | | - Rongyue Cao
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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12
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Singh A, Kulkarni HR, Baum RP. Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using 64 Cu-Labeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligand. PET Clin 2017; 12:193-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Mansi R, Minamimoto R, Mäcke H, Iagaru AH. Bombesin-Targeted PET of Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:67S-72S. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.170977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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14
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Zhang H, Desai P, Koike Y, Houghton J, Carlin S, Tandon N, Touijer K, Weber WA. Dual-Modality Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Fluorescent and Radiogallium-Labeled Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:29-35. [PMID: 27516447 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.176099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors (GRPr) are frequently overexpressed in human prostate cancer, and radiolabeled GRPr affinity ligands have shown promise for in vivo imaging of prostate cancer with PET. The goal of this study was to develop a dual-modality imaging probe that can be used for noninvasive PET imaging and optical imaging of prostate cancer. METHODS We designed and synthesized an IRDye 650 and DOTA-conjugated GRPr antagonist, HZ220 (DOTA-Lys(IRDye 650)-PEG4-[D-Phe6, Sta13]-BN(6-14)NH2), by reacting DOTA-Lys-PEG4-[D-Phe6, Sta13]-BN(6-14)NH2 (HZ219) with IRDye 650 N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester. Receptor-specific binding of gallium-labeled HZ220 was characterized in PC-3 prostate cancer cells (PC-3), and tumor uptake in mice was imaged with PET/CT and fluorescence imaging. Receptor binding affinity, in vivo tumor uptake, and biodistribution were compared with the GRPr antagonists HZ219, DOTA-PEG4-[D-Phe6, Sta13]-BN(6-14)NH2 (DOTA-AR), and DOTA-(4-amino-1-carboxymethyl-piperidine)-[D-Phe6, Sta13]-BN(6-14)NH2 (DOTA-RM2). RESULTS After hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge purification, 68Ga-HZ220 was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 56% ± 8% (non-decay-corrected), and the radiochemical purity was greater than 95%. Ga-HZ220 had a lower affinity for GRPr (inhibitory concentration of 50% [IC50], 21.4 ± 7.4 nM) than Ga-DOTA-AR (IC50, 0.48 ± 0.18 nM) or Ga-HZ219 (IC50, 0.69 ± 0.18 nM). Nevertheless, 68Ga-HZ220 had an in vivo tumor accumulation similar to 68Ga-DOTA-AR (4.63 ± 0.31 vs. 4.07 ± 0.29 percentage injected activity per mL [%IA/mL] at 1 h after injection) but lower than that of 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 (10.4 ± 0.4 %IA/mL). The tumor uptake of 68Ga-HZ220 was blocked significantly with an excessive amount of GRP antagonists. IVIS spectrum imaging also visualized PC-3 xenografts in vivo and ex vivo with a high-contrast ratio. Autoradiography and fluorescent-based microscopic imaging with 68Ga-HZ220 consistently colocated the expression of GRPr. 68Ga-HZ220 displayed a higher kidney uptake than both 68Ga-DOTA-AR and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 (16.9 ± 6.5 vs. 4.48 ± 1.63 vs. 5.01 ± 2.29 %IA/mL). CONCLUSION 68Ga-HZ220 is a promising bimodal ligand for noninvasive PET imaging and intraoperative optical imaging of GRPr-expressing malignancies. Bimodal nuclear/fluorescence imaging may not only improve cancer detection and guide surgical resections, but also improve our understanding of the uptake of GRPr ligands on the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pooja Desai
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yusuke Koike
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Jacob Houghton
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sean Carlin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nidhi Tandon
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Karim Touijer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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15
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Nock BA, Kaloudi A, Lymperis E, Giarika A, Kulkarni HR, Klette I, Singh A, Krenning EP, de Jong M, Maina T, Baum RP. Theranostic Perspectives in Prostate Cancer with the Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist NeoBOMB1: Preclinical and First Clinical Results. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:75-80. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.178889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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16
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Sun Y, Ma X, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Loft M, Ding B, Liu C, Xu L, Yang M, Jiang Y, Liu J, Xiao Y, Cheng Z, Hong X. Preclinical Study on GRPR-Targeted (68)Ga-Probes for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1857-64. [PMID: 27399868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) targeted positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly promising approach for imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) in small animal models and patients. Developing a GRPR-targeted PET probe with excellent in vivo performance such as high tumor uptake, high contrast, and optimal pharmacokinetics is still very challenging. Herein, a novel bombesin (BBN) analogue (named SCH1) based on JMV594 peptide modified with an 8-amino octanoic acid spacer (AOC) was thus designed and conjugated with the metal chelator 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid-4,7-acetic acid (NODAGA). The resulting NODAGA-SCH1 was then radiolabeled with (68)Ga and evaluated for PET imaging of PCa. Compared with (68)Ga-NODAGA-JMV594 probe, (68)Ga-NODAGA-SCH1 exhibited excellent PET/CT imaging properties on PC-3 tumor-bearing nude mice, such as high tumor uptake (5.80 ± 0.42 vs 3.78 ± 0.28%ID/g, 2 h) and high tumor/muscle contrast (16.6 ± 1.50 vs 8.42 ± 0.61%ID/g, 2 h). Importantly, biodistribution data indicated a relatively similar accumulation of (68)Ga-NODAGA-SCH1 was observed in the liver (4.21 ± 0.42%ID/g) and kidney (3.41 ± 0.46%ID/g) suggesting that the clearance is through both the kidney and the liver. Overall, (68)Ga-NODAGA-SCH1 showed promising in vivo properties and is a promising candidate for translation into clinical PET-imaging of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Ziyan Sun
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Mathias Loft
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Bingbing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Liying Xu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Meng Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science , Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
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17
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Stoykow C, Erbes T, Maecke HR, Bulla S, Bartholomä M, Mayer S, Drendel V, Bronsert P, Werner M, Gitsch G, Weber WA, Stickeler E, Meyer PT. Gastrin-releasing Peptide Receptor Imaging in Breast Cancer Using the Receptor Antagonist (68)Ga-RM2 And PET. Theranostics 2016; 6:1641-50. [PMID: 27446498 PMCID: PMC4955063 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in breast cancer. The present study evaluates GRPR imaging as a novel imaging modality in breast cancer by employing positron emission tomography (PET) and the GRPR antagonist 68Ga-RM2. Methods: Fifteen female patients with biopsy confirmed primary breast carcinoma (3 bilateral tumors; median clinical stage IIB) underwent 68Ga-RM2-PET/CT for pretreatment staging. In vivo tumor uptake of 68Ga-RM2 was correlated with estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor expression, HER2/neu status and MIB-1 proliferation index in breast core biopsy specimens. Results: 13/18 tumors demonstrated strongly increased 68Ga-RM2 uptake compared to normal breast tissue (defined as PET-positive). All PET-positive primary tumors were ER- and PR-positive (13/13) in contrast to only 1/5 PET-negative tumors. Mean SUVMAX of ER-positive tumors was 10.6±6.0 compared to 2.3±1.0 in ER-negative tumors (p=0.016). In a multivariate analysis including ER, PR, HER2/neu and MIB-1, only ER expression predicted 68Ga-RM2 uptake (model: r2=0.55, p=0.025). Normal breast tissue showed inter- and intraindividually variable, moderate GRPR binding (SUVMAX 2.3±1.0), while physiological uptake of other organs was considerably less except pancreas. Of note, 68Ga-RM2-PET/CT detected internal mammary lymph nodes with high 68Ga-RM2 uptake (n=8), a contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis (verified by biopsy) and bone metastases (n=1; not detected by bone scan and CT). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that 68Ga-RM2-PET/CT is a promising imaging method in ER-positive breast cancer. In vivo GRPR binding assessed by 68Ga-RM2-PET/CT correlated with ER expression in primary tumors of untreated patients.
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18
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Moreno P, Ramos-Álvarez I, Moody TW, Jensen RT. Bombesin related peptides/receptors and their promising therapeutic roles in cancer imaging, targeting and treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1055-73. [PMID: 26981612 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1164694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite remarkable advances in tumor treatment, many patients still die from common tumors (breast, prostate, lung, CNS, colon, and pancreas), and thus, new approaches are needed. Many of these tumors synthesize bombesin (Bn)-related peptides and over-express their receptors (BnRs), hence functioning as autocrine-growth-factors. Recent studies support the conclusion that Bn-peptides/BnRs are well-positioned for numerous novel antitumor treatments, including interrupting autocrine-growth and the use of over-expressed receptors for imaging and targeting cytotoxic-compounds, either by direct-coupling or combined with nanoparticle-technology. AREAS COVERED The unique ability of common neoplasms to synthesize, secrete, and show a growth/proliferative/differentiating response due to BnR over-expression, is reviewed, both in general and with regard to the most frequently investigated neoplasms (breast, prostate, lung, and CNS). Particular attention is paid to advances in the recent years. Also considered are the possible therapeutic approaches to the growth/differentiation effect of Bn-peptides, as well as the therapeutic implication of the frequent BnR over-expression for tumor-imaging and/or targeted-delivery. EXPERT OPINION Given that Bn-related-peptides/BnRs are so frequently ectopically-expressed by common tumors, which are often malignant and become refractory to conventional treatments, therapeutic interventions using novel approaches to Bn-peptides and receptors are being explored. Of particular interest is the potential of reproducing with BnRs in common tumors the recent success of utilizing overexpression of somatostatin-receptors by neuroendocrine-tumors to provide the most sensitive imaging methods and targeted delivery of cytotoxic-compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Moreno
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Terry W Moody
- b Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director , NCI, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Ramos-Álvarez I, Moreno P, Mantey SA, Nakamura T, Nuche-Berenguer B, Moody TW, Coy DH, Jensen RT. Insights into bombesin receptors and ligands: Highlighting recent advances. Peptides 2015; 72:128-44. [PMID: 25976083 PMCID: PMC4641779 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This following article is written for Prof. Abba Kastin's Festschrift, to add to the tribute to his important role in the advancement of the role of peptides in physiological, as well as pathophysiological processes. There have been many advances during the 35 years of his prominent role in the Peptide field, not only as editor of the journal Peptides, but also as a scientific investigator and editor of two volumes of the Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [146,147]. Similar to the advances with many different peptides, during this 35 year period, there have been much progress made in the understanding of the pharmacology, cell biology and the role of (bombesin) Bn receptors and their ligands in various disease states, since the original isolation of bombesin from skin of the European frog Bombina bombina in 1970 [76]. This paper will briefly review some of these advances over the time period of Prof. Kastin 35 years in the peptide field concentrating on the advances since 2007 when many of the results from earlier studies were summarized [128,129]. It is appropriate to do this because there have been 280 articles published in Peptides during this time on bombesin-related peptides and it accounts for almost 5% of all publications. Furthermore, 22 Bn publications we have been involved in have been published in either Peptides [14,39,55,58,81,92,93,119,152,216,225,226,231,280,302,309,355,361,362] or in Prof. Kastin's Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [137,138,331].
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Paola Moreno
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Taichi Nakamura
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Terry W Moody
- Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - David H Coy
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, United States
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States.
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Bacher L, Fischer G, Litau S, Schirrmacher R, Wängler B, Baller M, Wängler C. Improving the stability of peptidic radiotracers by the introduction of artificial scaffolds: which structure element is most useful? J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015. [PMID: 26219022 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptidic radiotracers are highly potent substances for the specific in vivo imaging of various biological targets with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography. However, some radiolabeled peptides such as bombesin analogs were shown to exhibit only a limited stability, hampering a successful target visualization. One option to positively influence the stability of radiolabeled peptides is the introduction of certain artificial molecular scaffolds. In order to comparatively assess the influence of different structure elements on the stability of radiolabeled peptides and to identify those structure elements being most useful for peptide radiotracer stabilization, several monomeric and dimeric bombesin derivatives were synthesized, exhibiting differing molecular designs and the chelator NODAGA for (68) Ga-labeling. The radiolabeled peptides were evaluated regarding their in vitro stability in human serum to determine the influence of the introduced molecular scaffolds on the peptides' serum stabilities. The results of the evaluations showed that the introduction of scaffold structures and the overall molecular design have a substantial impact on the stabilities of the resulting peptidic radiotracers. But besides some general trends found using certain scaffold structures, the obtained results point to the necessity to empirically assess their influence on stability for each susceptible peptidic radiotracer individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bacher
- University of Applied Sciences, Campus Zweibrücken, Zweibrücken, Germany.,Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabriel Fischer
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shanna Litau
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marko Baller
- University of Applied Sciences, Campus Zweibrücken, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Lee DJ, Jin C, Kim EJ, Lee JM, Jung HS. Gastrin-releasing peptide expression and its effect on the calcification of developing mouse incisor. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 144:273-9. [PMID: 26126650 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is considered to be one of the cancer growth factors. This peptide's receptor (GRPR) is known as a G protein-coupled receptor, regulating intracellular calcium storage and releasing signals. This study is the first to investigate the function of GRP during mouse incisor development. We hypothesized that GRP is one of the factors that affects the regulation of calcification during tooth development. To verify the expression pattern of GRP, in situ hybridization was processed during incisor development. GRP was expressed at the late bell stage and hard tissue formation stage in the epithelial tissue. To identify the genuine function of GRP during incisor development, a gain-of-function analysis was performed. After GRP overexpression in culture, the phenotype of ameloblasts, odontoblasts and predentin was altered compared to control group. Moreover, enamel and dentin thickness was increased after renal capsule transplantation of GRP-overexpressed incisors. With these results, we suggest that GRP plays a significant role in the formation of enamel and dentin by regulating ameloblasts and predentin formation, respectively. Thus, GRP signaling is strongly related to calcium acquisition and secretion during mouse incisor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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