1
|
De Franco M, Biancalana L, Zappelli C, Zacchini S, Gandin V, Marchetti F. 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane and Cyclohexyl Groups Impart to Di-Iron(I) Complex Aqueous Solubility and Stability, and Prominent Anticancer Activity in Cellular and Animal Models. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11138-11151. [PMID: 38951717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Using a multigram-scalable synthesis, we obtained nine dinuclear complexes based on nonendogenous iron(I) centers and featuring variable aminocarbyne and P-ligands. One compound from the series (FEACYP) emerged for its strong cytotoxicity in vitro against four human cancer cell lines, surpassing the activity of cisplatin by 3-6 times in three cell lines, with an average selectivity index of 6.2 compared to noncancerous HEK293 cells. FEACYP demonstrated outstanding water solubility (15 g/L) and stability in physiological-like solutions. It confirmed its superior antiproliferative activity when tested in 3D spheroids of human pancreatic cancer cells and showed a capacity to inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) similar to auranofin. In vivo treatment of murine LLC carcinoma with FEACYP (8 mg kg-1 dose) led to excellent tumor growth suppression (88%) on day 15, with no signs of systemic toxicity and only limited body weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Zappelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen YF, Li J, Xu LL, Găman MA, Zou ZY. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: An overview of obstacles and opportunities. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:268-291. [PMID: 36686358 PMCID: PMC9850970 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) plays an important role in reducing relapse and improving long-term survival. With rapid advancements in basic research in molecular biology and immunology and with deepening understanding of the biological characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells, allo-HSCT has been widely applied in clinical practice. During allo-HSCT, preconditioning, the donor, and the source of stem cells can be tailored to the patient’s conditions, greatly broadening the indications for HSCT, with clear survival benefits. However, the risks associated with allo-HSCT remain high, i.e. hematopoietic reconstitution failure, delayed immune reconstitution, graft-versus-host disease, and post-transplant relapse, which are bottlenecks for further improvements in allo-HSCT efficacy and have become hot topics in the field of HSCT. Other bottlenecks recognized in the current treatment of individuals diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and subjected to allo-HSCT include the selection of the most appropriate conditioning regimen and post-transplantation management. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of relevant research regarding these aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling-Long Xu
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
| | - Zhen-You Zou
- Department of Scientific Research,Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Campanella B, Braccini S, Bresciani G, De Franco M, Gandin V, Chiellini F, Pratesi A, Pampaloni G, Biancalana L, Marchetti F. The choice of μ-vinyliminium ligand substituents is key to optimize the antiproliferative activity of related diiron complexes. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2023; 15:6901513. [PMID: 36515681 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diiron vinyliminium complexes constitute a large family of organometallics displaying a promising anticancer potential. The complexes [Fe2Cp2(CO)(μ-CO){μ-η1:η3-C(R3)C(R4)CN(R1)(R2)}]CF3SO3 (2a-c, 4a-d) were synthesized, assessed for their behavior in aqueous solutions (D2O solubility, Log Pow, stability in D2O/Me2SO-d6 mixture at 37°C over 48 h) and investigated for their antiproliferative activity against A2780 and A2780cisR ovarian cancer cell lines and the nontumoral one Balb/3T3 clone A31. Cytotoxicity data collected for 50 vinyliminium complexes were correlated with the structural properties (i.e. the different R1-R4 substituents) using the partial least squares methodology. A clear positive correlation emerged between the octanol-water partition coefficient and the relative antiproliferative activity on ovarian cancer cell lines, both of which appear as uncorrelated to the cancer cell selectivity. However, the different effects played by the R1-R4 substituents allow tracing guidelines for the development of novel, more effective compounds. Based on these results, three additional complexes (4p-r) were designed, synthesized and biologically investigated, revealing their ability to hamper thioredoxin reductase enzyme and to induce cancer cell production of reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Campanella
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Braccini
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Bresciani
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele De Franco
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gong Q, Li X, Li T, Wu X, Hu J, Yang F, Zhang X. A Carbon‐Carbon Bond Cleavage‐Based Prodrug Activation Strategy Applied to β‐Lapachone for Cancer‐Specific Targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210001. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Xingsen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Fulai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mou Q, Zhao R, Sun B. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Ferrocene Amides. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200818. [PMID: 36047433 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, in synthetic organic chemistry, directing-group-assisted C-H functionalization is found to be a key tool for the expedient and site-selective construction of C-C and hybrid bonds. Among C-H functionalization of ferrocene derivatives, the directed group strategy is undoubtedly the most commonly used method. Compared to the other directing groups, ferrocene amides can be synthesized easily and are now recognized as one of the most efficient devices for the selective functionalization of certain positions because its metal centre permits fine, tuneable and reversible coordination. The family of amide directing groups mainly comprises monodentate and bidentate directing groups, which are categorized on the basis of coordination sites. In this review, various C-H bond functionalization reactions of ferrocene using amide directing groups are broadly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Mou
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Ruyuan Zhao
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Bo Sun
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, college of chemical engineering, zhengzhoulu No. 53, 266000, Qingdao, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Targeting Redox Regulation as a Therapeutic Opportunity against Acute Leukemia: Pro-Oxidant Strategy or Antioxidant Approach? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091696. [PMID: 36139768 PMCID: PMC9495346 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox adaptation is essential for human health, as the physiological quantities of non-radical reactive oxygen species operate as the main second messengers to regulate normal redox reactions by controlling several sensors. An abnormal increase reactive oxygen species, called oxidative stress, induces biological injury. For this reason, variations in oxidative stress continue to receive consideration as a possible approach to treat leukemic diseases. However, the intricacy of redox reactions and their effects might be a relevant obstacle; consequently, and alongside approaches aimed at increasing oxidative stress in neoplastic cells, antioxidant strategies have also been suggested for the same purpose. The present review focuses on the molecular processes of anomalous oxidative stress in acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemias as well as on the oxidative stress-determined pathways implicated in leukemogenic development. Furthermore, we review the effect of chemotherapies on oxidative stress and the possibility that their pharmacological effects might be increased by modifying the intracellular redox equilibrium through a pro-oxidant approach or an antioxidant strategy. Finally, we evaluated the prospect of varying oxidative stress as an efficacious modality to destroy chemoresistant cells using new methodologies. Altering redox conditions may be advantageous for inhibiting genomic variability and the eradication of leukemic clones will promote the treatment of leukemic disease.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gong Q, Li X, Li T, Wu X, Hu J, Yang F, Zhang X. A Carbon‐Carbon Bond Cleavage–Based Prodrug Activation Strategy Applied to β‐Lapachone for Cancer‐Specific Targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Gong
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiang Li
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Tian Li
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xingsen Wu
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jiabao Hu
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Fulai Yang
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemsitry No.639 Longmian Avenue 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gizem Özkan H, Thakor V, Xu H, Bila G, Bilyy R, Bida D, Böttcher M, Mougiakakos D, Tietze R, Mokhir A. Anticancer Aminoferrocene Derivatives Inducing Production of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104420. [PMID: 35419888 PMCID: PMC9324933 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and deficient mitochondria are two weak points of cancer cells. Their simultaneous targeting is a valid therapeutic strategy to design highly potent anticancer drugs. The remaining challenge is to limit the drug effects to cancer cells without affecting normal ones. We have previously developed three aminoferrocene (AF)-based derivatives, which are activated in the presence of elevated levels of ROS present in cancer cells with formation of electron-rich compounds able to generate ROS and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). All of them exhibit important drawbacks including either low efficacy or high unspecific toxicity that prevents their application in vivo up to date. Herein we describe unusual AF-derivatives lacking these drawbacks. These compounds act via an alternative mechanism: they are chemically stable in the presence of ROS, generate mitochondrial ROS in cancer cells, but not normal cells and exhibit anticancer effect in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Gizem Özkan
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU)Organic Chemistry II91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Vanrajsinh Thakor
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU)Organic Chemistry II91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Hong‐Gui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU)Organic Chemistry II91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Galyna Bila
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical UniversityPekarska str. 6979010LvivUkraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical UniversityPekarska str. 6979010LvivUkraine
| | - Daria Bida
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU)Organic Chemistry II91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyOtto-von-Guericke-University of MagdeburgMedicinal FacultyUniversity Hospital for Hematology and OncologyLeipzigerstraße 4439120MagdeburgGermany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyOtto-von-Guericke-University of MagdeburgMedicinal FacultyUniversity Hospital for Hematology and OncologyLeipzigerstraße 4439120MagdeburgGermany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgerySection of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON)Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU)University HospitalGlückstraße 10a91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU)Organic Chemistry II91058ErlangenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A prodrug of 3-(ferrocenylaminocarbonyloxymethyl)phenol activated by reactive oxygen species in cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 233:111859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Xu HG, Reshetnikov V, Wondrak M, Eckhardt L, Kunz-Schughart LA, Janko C, Tietze R, Alexiou C, Borchardt H, Aigner A, Gong W, Schmitt M, Sellner L, Daum S, Özkan HG, Mokhir A. Intracellular Amplifiers of Reactive Oxygen Species Affecting Mitochondria as Radiosensitizers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:208. [PMID: 35008371 PMCID: PMC8750417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) efficacy can be improved by using radiosensitizers, i.e., drugs enhancing the effect of ionizing radiation (IR). One of the side effects of RT includes damage of normal tissue in close proximity to the treated tumor. This problem can be solved by applying cancer specific radiosensitizers. N-Alkylaminoferrocene-based (NAAF) prodrugs produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Therefore, they can potentially act as cancer specific radiosensitizers. However, early NAAF prodrugs did not exhibit this property. Since functional mitochondria are important for RT resistance, we assumed that NAAF prodrugs affecting mitochondria in parallel with increasing intracellular ROS can potentially exhibit synergy with RT. We applied sequential Cu+-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloadditions (CuAAC) to obtain a series of NAAF derivatives with the goal of improving anticancer efficacies over already existing compounds. One of the obtained prodrugs (2c) exhibited high anticancer activity with IC50 values in the range of 5-7.1 µM in human ovarian carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, pancreatic carcinoma and T-cell leukemia cells retained moderate water solubility and showed cancer specificity. 2c strongly affects mitochondria of cancer cells, leading to the amplification of mitochondrial and total ROS production and thus causing cell death via necrosis and apoptosis. We observed that 2c acts as a radiosensitizer in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. This is the first demonstration of a synergy between the radiotherapy and NAAF-based ROS amplifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gui Xu
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
| | - Viktor Reshetnikov
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
| | - Marit Wondrak
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.W.); (L.E.); (L.A.K.-S.)
| | - Lisa Eckhardt
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.W.); (L.E.); (L.A.K.-S.)
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.W.); (L.E.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (R.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (R.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (R.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Hannes Borchardt
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (H.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (H.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Wenjie Gong
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (W.G.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (W.G.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (W.G.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steffen Daum
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
- Merck, Im Laternenacker 5, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Hülya Gizem Özkan
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gizem Özkan H, Toms J, Maschauer S, Prante O, Mokhir A. Aminoferrocene‐Based Anticancer Prodrugs Labelled with Cyanine Dyes for in vivo Imaging. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Gizem Özkan
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Johannes Toms
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Schwabachanlage 12 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Schwabachanlage 12 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Schwabachanlage 12 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saxon E, Peng X. Recent Advances in Hydrogen Peroxide Responsive Organoborons for Biological and Biomedical Applications. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100366. [PMID: 34636113 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is the most stable reactive oxygen species generated endogenously, participating in numerous physiological processes and abnormal pathological conditions. Mounting evidence suggests that a higher level of H2 O2 exists in various disease conditions. Thus, H2 O2 functions as an ideal target for site-specific bioimaging and therapeutic targeting. The unique reactivity of organoborons with H2 O2 provides a method for developing chemoselective molecules for biological and biomedical applications. This review highlights the design and application of boron-derived molecules for H2 O2 detection, and the utility of boron moieties toward masking reactive compounds leading to the development of metal prochelators and prodrugs for selectively delivering an active species at the target sites with elevated H2 O2 levels. Additionally, the emergence of H2 O2 -responsive theranostic agents consisting of both therapeutic and diagnostic moieties in one integrated system are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding of the role of boron-derived molecules toward biological and pharmacological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eron Saxon
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chakraborty P, Oosterhuis D, Bonsignore R, Casini A, Olinga P, Scheffers D. An Organogold Compound as Potential Antimicrobial Agent against Drug-Resistant Bacteria: Initial Mechanistic Insights. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3060-3070. [PMID: 34181818 PMCID: PMC8518660 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance has necessitated novel strategies to efficiently combat pathogenic bacteria. Metal-based compounds have been proven as a possible alternative to classical organic drugs. Here, we have assessed the antibacterial activity of seven gold complexes of different families. One compound, a cyclometalated Au(III) C^N complex, showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant clinical strains. The mechanism of action of this compound was studied in Bacillus subtilis. Overall, the studies point towards a complex mode of antibacterial action, which does not include induction of oxidative stress or cell membrane damage. A number of genes related to metal transport and homeostasis were upregulated upon short treatment of the cells with gold compound. Toxicity tests conducted on precision-cut mouse tissue slices ex vivo revealed that the organogold compound is poorly toxic to mouse liver and kidney tissues, and may thus, be treated as an antibacterial drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parichita Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyGroningen Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dorenda Oosterhuis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Groningen9713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Groningen9713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk‐Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyGroningen Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Věžník J, Konhefr M, Fohlerová Z, Lacina K. Redox-dependent cytotoxicity of ferrocene derivatives and ROS-activated prodrugs based on ferrocenyliminoboronates. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111561. [PMID: 34385077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Four ferrocene derivatives - ferrocenecarboxylic acid, ferrocenium salt, ferroceneboronic acid, and aminoferrocene - were characterized electrochemically, and their cytotoxicity was probed using cancer cells (line MG-63). We related the observed cytotoxicity with the determined redox potentials of these four ferrocenes - aminoferrocene with its lowest redox potential exhibited the highest cytotoxicity. Thus, we synthesized four derivatives consisting of aminoferrocene and phenylboronic acid residue with the intent to employ them as ROS-activated prodrugs (ROS - reactive oxygen species). We characterized them and studied their time-dependent stability in aqueous environments. Then, we performed electrochemical measurements at oxidative conditions to confirm ROS-responsivity of the synthesized molecules. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the synthesized molecules was tested using cancer MG-63 cells and noncancerous NIH-3T3 cells. The experiments revealed sought behaviour, especially for para-regioisomers of synthesized ferrocenyliminoboronates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Věžník
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Konhefr
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fohlerová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic; Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, Brno 61600, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Lacina
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xiang H, Wu Y, Zhu X, She M, An Q, Zhou R, Xu P, Zhao F, Yan L, Zhao Y. Highly Stable Silica-Coated Bismuth Nanoparticles Deliver Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Prodrugs to Enhance Tumor-Specific Photoradiotherapy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11449-11461. [PMID: 34292717 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiosensitizers are agents capable of amplifying injury to tumor tissues by enhancing DNA damage and fortifying production of radical oxygen species (ROS). The use of such radiosensitizers in the clinic, however, remains limited by an insufficient ability to differentiate between cancer and normal cells and by the presence of a reversible glutathione system that can diminish the amount of ROS generated. Here, to address these limitations, we design an H2O2-responsive prodrug which can be premixed with lauric acid (melting point ∼43 °C) and loaded around the surface of silica-coated bismuth nanoparticles (BSNPs) for cancer-specific photoradiotherapy. Particularly, silica coating confers BSNPs with improved chemical stability against both near-infrared light and X-rays. Upon photothermal heating, lauric acid is melted to trigger prodrug release, followed by its transformation into p-quinone methide via H2O2 stimulation to irreversibly alkylate glutathione. Concurrently, this heat boosts tumor oxygenation and helps relieve the hypoxic microenvironment. Following sequential irradiation by X-rays, BSNPs generate plentiful ROS, which act in combination with these events to synergistically induce cell death via DNA breakage and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathways, ultimately enabling effective inhibition of tumor growth in vivo with high tumor specificity and reduced side effects. Collectively, this work presents a promising approach for the improvement of other ROS-responsive proalkylating agents, while simultaneously highlighting a robust nanosystem for combining these prodrugs with photoradiosensitizers to realize precision photoradiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huandong Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, P. R. China.,GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong 510700, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzheng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Qi An
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruyi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong 510700, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Redox Control in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: From Physiology to Pathology and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051218. [PMID: 34067520 PMCID: PMC8155968 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy originating from B- or T-lymphoid progenitor cells. Recent studies have shown that redox dysregulation caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has an important role in the development and progression of leukemia. The application of pro-oxidant therapy, which targets redox dysregulation, has achieved satisfactory results in alleviating the conditions of and improving the survival rate for patients with ALL. However, drug resistance and side effects are two major challenges that must be addressed in pro-oxidant therapy. Oxidative stress can activate a variety of antioxidant mechanisms to help leukemia cells escape the damage caused by pro-oxidant drugs and develop drug resistance. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are extremely sensitive to oxidative stress due to their low levels of differentiation, and the use of pro-oxidant drugs inevitably causes damage to HSCs and may even cause severe bone marrow suppression. In this article, we reviewed research progress regarding the generation and regulation of ROS in normal HSCs and ALL cells as well as the impact of ROS on the biological behavior and fate of cells. An in-depth understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of redox homeostasis in normal and malignant HSCs is conducive to the formulation of rational targeted treatment plans to effectively reduce oxidative damage to normal HSCs while eradicating ALL cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu H, Schikora M, Sisa M, Daum S, Klemt I, Janko C, Alexiou C, Bila G, Bilyy R, Gong W, Schmitt M, Sellner L, Mokhir A. An Endoplasmic Reticulum Specific Pro-amplifier of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11158-11162. [PMID: 33656236 PMCID: PMC8251580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The folding and export of proteins and hydrolysis of unfolded proteins are disbalanced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cancer cells, leading to so-called ER stress. Agents further augmenting this effect are used as anticancer drugs including clinically approved proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib. However, these drugs can affect normal cells, which also rely strongly on ER functions, leading, for example, to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To address this problem, we have developed ER-targeted prodrugs activated only in cancer cells in the presence of elevated ROS amounts. These compounds are conjugates of cholic acid with N-alkylaminoferrocene-based prodrugs. We confirmed their accumulation in the ER of cancer cells, their anticancer efficacy, and cancer cell specificity. These prodrugs induce ER stress, attenuate mitochondrial membrane potential, and generate mitochondrial ROS leading to cell death via necrosis. We also demonstrated that the new prodrugs are activated in vivo in Nemeth-Kellner lymphoma (NK/Ly) murine model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Gui Xu
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and PharmacyOrganic Chemistry Chair IINikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Margot Schikora
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and PharmacyOrganic Chemistry Chair IINikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Miroslav Sisa
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and PharmacyOrganic Chemistry Chair IINikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CRPragueCzech Republic
| | - Steffen Daum
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and PharmacyOrganic Chemistry Chair IINikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Insa Klemt
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and PharmacyOrganic Chemistry Chair IINikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christina Janko
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-ProfessorshipDepartment of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgerySection of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON)Universitätsklinikum ErlangenGlückstraße 10a91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-ProfessorshipDepartment of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgerySection of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON)Universitätsklinikum ErlangenGlückstraße 10a91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Galyna Bila
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical UniversityPekarska str. 6979010LvivUkraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical UniversityPekarska str. 6979010LvivUkraine
| | - Wenjie Gong
- Department of Medicine VHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 41069120HeidelbergGermany
- Hematology DepartmentFirst Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Medicine VHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 41069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine VHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 41069120HeidelbergGermany
- Takeda Pharma Vertrieb GmbH & Co. KGJägerstr. 271017BerlinGermany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and PharmacyOrganic Chemistry Chair IINikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fan H, Zaman MAU, Chen W, Ali T, Campbell A, Zhang Q, Setu NI, Saxon E, Zahn NM, Benko AM, Arnold LA, Peng X. Assessment of Phenylboronic Acid Nitrogen Mustards as Potent and Selective Drug Candidates for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:687-702. [PMID: 33860194 PMCID: PMC8033613 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has limited treatment options and the worst prognosis among all types of breast cancer. We describe two prodrugs, namely, CWB-20145 (1) and its methyl analogue FAN-NM-CH3 (2) that reduced the size of TNBC-derived tumors. The DNA cross-linking of nitrogen mustard prodrugs 1 and 2 was superior to that of chlorambucil and melphalan once activated in the presence of H2O2. The cellular toxicity of 1 and 2 was demonstrated in seven human cancer cell lines. The TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468 was particularly sensitive toward 1 and 2. Compound 2 was 10 times more cytotoxic than chlorambucil and 16 times more active than melphalan. An evaluation of the gene expression demonstrated an upregulation of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and p21 supporting a transcriptional mechanism of a reduced tumor growth. Pharmacokinetic studies with 1 showed a rapid conversion of the prodrug. The introduction of a methyl group generated 2 with an increased half-life. An in vivo toxicity study in mice demonstrated that both prodrugs were less toxic than chlorambucil. Compounds 1 and 2 reduced tumor growth with an inhibition rate of more than 90% in athymic nude mice xenografted with MDA-MB-468 cells. Together, the in vivo investigations demonstrated that treatment with 1 and 2 suppressed tumor growth without affecting normal tissues in mice. These phenylboronic acid nitrogen mustard prodrugs represent promising drug candidates for the treatment of TNBC. However, the mechanisms underlying their superior in vivo activity and selectivity as well as the correlation between H2O2 level and in vivo efficacy are not yet fully understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Taufeeque Ali
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Anahit Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nurul Islam Setu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Eron Saxon
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Anna M. Benko
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu H, Schikora M, Sisa M, Daum S, Klemt I, Janko C, Alexiou C, Bila G, Bilyy R, Gong W, Schmitt M, Sellner L, Mokhir A. An Endoplasmic Reticulum Specific Pro‐amplifier of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Gui Xu
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Organic Chemistry Chair II Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Margot Schikora
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Organic Chemistry Chair II Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Miroslav Sisa
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Organic Chemistry Chair II Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR Prague Czech Republic
| | - Steffen Daum
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Organic Chemistry Chair II Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Insa Klemt
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Organic Chemistry Chair II Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON) Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON) Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Galyna Bila
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Wenjie Gong
- Department of Medicine V Heidelberg University Hospital Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Hematology Department First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Medicine V Heidelberg University Hospital Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V Heidelberg University Hospital Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Takeda Pharma Vertrieb GmbH & Co. KG Jägerstr. 27 1017 Berlin Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Organic Chemistry Chair II Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kasprzak A, Nisiewicz MK, Nowicka AM. A chromatography-free total synthesis of a ferrocene-containing dendrimer exhibiting the property of recognizing 9,10-diphenylanthracene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2483-2492. [PMID: 33514975 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04261g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecules comprising several ferrocene residues constitute an intriguing group of compounds for various applications. Here, the total synthesis of a new example of a ferrocene-containing dendrimer is presented. The target compound was obtained in excellent combined yield (65%) employing facile, chromatography-free methods at each step. Interesting findings, meeting the dynamic covalent chemistry concept, are reported. Cyclic voltammetry analyses revealed one pair of current signals for the ferrocene moieties. Ultimately, the synthesized ferrocene-containing dendrimer has been used as an innovative recognition material for 9,10-diphenylanthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, with the limit of detection value equal to 0.06 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kasprzak
- Department Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang P, Gong Q, Hu J, Li X, Zhang X. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Prodrugs, Probes, and Theranostic Prodrugs: Applications in the ROS-Related Diseases. J Med Chem 2020; 64:298-325. [PMID: 33356214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have commonly been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. In light of significant differences in ROS levels between the nonpathogenic and pathological tissues, an increasing number of ROS-responsive prodrugs, probes, and theranostic prodrugs have been developed for the targeted treatment and precise diagnosis of ROS-related diseases. This review will summarize and provide insight into recent advances in ROS-responsive prodrugs, fluorescent probes, and theranostic prodrugs, with applications to different ROS-related diseases and various subcellular organelle-targetable and disease-targetable features. The ROS-responsive moieties, the self-immolative linkers, and the typical activation mechanism for the ROS-responsive release are also summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qijie Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Maslah H, Skarbek C, Pethe S, Labruère R. Anticancer boron-containing prodrugs responsive to oxidative stress from the tumor microenvironment. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
23
|
Kasprzak A, Guńka PA, Kowalczyk A, Nowicka AM. Synthesis and structural, electrochemical and photophysical studies of triferrocenyl-substituted 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene: a cyan-light emitting molecule showing aggregation-induced enhanced emission. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14807-14814. [PMID: 33094773 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Triferrocenyl-substituted 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene was successfully synthesized in high yield. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that the internal rotations of the ferrocenyl moieties are significantly restricted in the solid phase and that there are no significant π stacking interactions therein. The photoluminescence of the crystals is essentially the same as that of dilute chloroform solutions. However, studies of this cyan-light emitting substance in mixtures of chloroform and methanol revealed the aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) feature that boosts its fluorescence quantum yield from 13% up to 74%. We demonstrate the AIEE effect for a new class of easy-to-prepare aromatic molecules containing several metallocene units for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kasprzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bouché M, Hognon C, Grandemange S, Monari A, Gros PC. Recent advances in iron-complexes as drug candidates for cancer therapy: reactivity, mechanism of action and metabolites. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11451-11466. [PMID: 32776052 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we discuss iron-complexes as drug candidates that are promising alternatives to conventional platinum-based chemotherapies owing to their broad range of reactivities and to the targeting of different biological systems. Breakthroughs in the comprehension of iron complexes' structure-activity relationship contributed to the clarification of their metabolization pathways, sub-cellular localization and influence on iron homeostasis, while enlightening the primary molecular targets of theses likely multi-target metallodrugs. Both the antiproliferative activity and elevated safety index observed among the family of iron complexes showed encouraging results as per their therapeutic potential and selectivity also with the aim of reducing chemotherapy side-effects, and facilitated more pre-clinical investigations. The purpose of this perspective is to summarize the recent advances that contributed in unveiling the intricate relationships between the structural modifications on iron-complexes and their reactivity, cellular trafficking and global mechanisms of action to broaden their use as anticancer drugs and advance to clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bouché
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM UMR 7053, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Cécilia Hognon
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Philippe C Gros
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM UMR 7053, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Kasprzak A, Dabrowski B, Zuchowska A. A biocompatible poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer octa-substituted with α-cyclodextrin towards the controlled release of doxorubicin hydrochloride from its ferrocenyl prodrug. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23440-23445. [PMID: 35520312 PMCID: PMC9054735 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03694c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Facile and efficient methods for the synthesis of the first poly(aminodamine) PAMAM G1.0 dendrimer octa-substituted with α-cyclodextrin and a novel ferrocenyl prodrug of doxorubicin hydrochloride are developed. This vector is non-toxic and can bind the designed ferrocenyl prodrug. It also shows a controlled drug release profile and high cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7), as elucidated by the in vitro biological studies performed with an innovative cell-on-a-chip microfluidic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kasprzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego Str. 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Dabrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego Str. 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zuchowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego Str. 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Reshetnikov V, Özkan HG, Daum S, Janko C, Alexiou C, Sauer C, Heinrich MR, Mokhir A. N-Alkylaminoferrocene-Based Prodrugs Targeting Mitochondria of Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112545. [PMID: 32486084 PMCID: PMC7321169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (e.g., H2O2) in cancer cells is elevated over 10-fold as compared to normal cells. This feature has been used by us and several other research groups to design cancer specific prodrugs, for example, N-alkylaminoferrocene (NAAF)-based prodrugs. Further improvement of the efficacy of these prodrugs can be achieved by their targeting to intracellular organelles containing elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) amounts. For example, we have previously demonstrated that lysosome-targeted NAAF-prodrugs exhibit higher anticancer activity in cell cultures, in primary cells and in vivo (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 15545). Mitochondrion is an organelle, where electrons can leak from the respiratory chain. These electrons can combine with O2, generating O2-• that is followed by dismutation with the formation of H2O2. Thus, ROS can be generated in excess in mitochondria and targeting of ROS-sensitive prodrugs to these organelles could be a sensible possibility for enhancing their efficacy. We have previously reported on NAAF-prodrugs, which after their activation in cells, are accumulated in mitochondria (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 11943). Now we prepared two hybrid NAAF-prodrugs directly accumulated in mitochondria and activated in these organelles. We studied their anticancer activity and mode of action. Based on these data, we concluded that ROS produced by mitochondria is not available in sufficient quantities for activation of the ROS-responsive prodrugs. The reason for this can be efficient scavenging of ROS by antioxidants. Our data are important for the understanding of the mechanism of action of ROS-activatable prodrugs and will facilitate their further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Reshetnikov
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (V.R.); (H.G.Ö.); (S.D.)
| | - Hülya Gizem Özkan
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (V.R.); (H.G.Ö.); (S.D.)
| | - Steffen Daum
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (V.R.); (H.G.Ö.); (S.D.)
- Merck, Im Laternenacker 5, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (C.A.)
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (C.A.)
| | - Caroline Sauer
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (V.R.); (H.G.Ö.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bao XZ, Wang Q, Ren XR, Dai F, Zhou B. A hydrogen peroxide-activated Cu(II) pro-ionophore strategy for modifying naphthazarin as a promising anticancer agent with high selectivity for generating ROS in HepG2 cells over in L02 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:597-608. [PMID: 31805398 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeting redox vulnerability of cancer cells by pro-oxidants capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) has surfaced as an important anticancer strategy. Due to the intrinsic narrow therapeutic window and other dangerous side effects of ROS generation, it is highly needed and challenging to develop pro-oxidative anticancer agents (PAAs) with high selectivity for generating ROS in cancer cells. Herein we report a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-activated Cu(II) pro-ionophore strategy to develop naphthazarin (Nap) as such type of PAAs based on the H2O2-mediated conversion of boronate to free phenol. The boronate-protected Nap (PNap) can exploit increased levels of H2O2 in HepG2 cells to in situ release Nap followed by its efflux via conjugation with reduced glutathione (GSH), allowing that the Nap-GSH adduct works as a Cu(II) ionophore to induce continuously GSH depletion via a reduction-dependent releasing of Cu(I) by GSH. This strategy endows PNap with the unprecedented ability to hit multi-redox characteristics (increased levels of H2O2, GSH and copper) of HepG2 cells, leading to ROS generation preferentially in HepG2 cells along with their selective death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Zhen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lu M, Zhang X, Zhao J, You Q, Jiang Z. A hydrogen peroxide responsive prodrug of Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor for improving oral absorption and selective activation in inflammatory conditions. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101565. [PMID: 32422540 PMCID: PMC7231841 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), control the redox and metabolic homeostasis and oxidative stress. Inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction are promising in oxidative stress related inflammatory diseases but now hit hurdles. By utilizing thiazolidinone moiety to shield the key carboxyl pharmacophore in Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor, a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-responsive prodrug pro2 was developed. The prodrug modification improved the physicochemical properties and cell membrane permeability of the parent drug. Pro2 was stable and stayed inactive under various physiological conditions, while became active by stimulation of H2O2 or inflammation derived reactive oxygen species. Moreover, pro2 exhibited proper pharmacokinetic profile suitable for oral administration and enhanced anti-inflammatory efficiency in vivo. Thus, this novel prodrug approach may not only provide an important advance in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases with high level of H2O2, but also offer a fresh solution to improve the drug-like and selectivity issues of Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitors. Pro2 was developed by utilizing H2O2-responsive thiazolidinone moiety to shield carboxyl group in Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor. Pro2 was stable and inactive under various physiological conditions, while became active under inflammatory conditions. Pro2 exhibited proper pharmacokinetic profile for oral administration and enhanced anti-inflammatory efficiency in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang R, Chen H, Yan W, Zheng M, Zhang T, Zhang Y. Ferrocene-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Current developments, mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112109. [PMID: 32032851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most fatal threatens to human health throughout the world. The major challenges in the control and eradication of cancers are the continuous emergency of drug-resistant cancer and the low specificity of anticancer agents, creating an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents. Organometallic compounds especially ferrocene derivatives possess remarkable structural and mechanistic diversity, inherent stability towards air, heat and light, low toxicity, low cost, reversible redox, ligand exchange, and catalytic properties, making them promising drug candidates for cancer therapy. Ferrocifen, a ferrocene-phenol hybrid, has demonstrated promising anticancer properties on drug-resistant cancers. Currently, Ferrocifen is in pre-clinical trial against cancers. Obviously, ferrocene moiety is a useful template for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review will provide an overview of ferrocene-containing hybrids with potential application in the treatment of cancers covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. The mechanisms of action, the critical aspects of design and structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Huahong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Weitao Yan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Mingwen Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Tesen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Yaohuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Estrada-Ortiz N, Lopez-Gonzales E, Woods B, Stürup S, de Graaf IAM, Groothuis GMM, Casini A. Ex vivo toxicological evaluation of experimental anticancer gold(i) complexes with lansoprazole-type ligands. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:885-895. [PMID: 32190293 PMCID: PMC7067241 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00149b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold-based compounds are of great interest in the field of medicinal chemistry as novel therapeutic (anticancer) agents due to their peculiar reactivity and mechanisms of action with respect to organic drugs. Despite their promising pharmacological properties, the possible toxic effects of gold compounds need to be carefully evaluated in order to optimize their design and applicability. This study reports on the potential toxicity of three experimental gold-based anticancer compounds featuring lansoprazole ligands (1-3) studied in an ex vivo model, using rat precision cut kidney and liver slices (PCKS and PCLS, respectively). The results showed a different toxicity profile for the tested compounds, with the neutral complex 2 being the least toxic, even less toxic than cisplatin, followed by the cationic complex 1. The dinuclear cationic gold complex 3 was the most toxic in both liver and kidney slices. This result correlated with the metal uptake of the different compounds assessed by ICP-MS, where complex 3 showed the highest accumulation of gold in liver and kidney slices. Interestingly compound 1 showed the highest selectivity towards cancer cells compared to the healthy tissues. Histomorphology evaluation showed a similar pattern for all three Au(i) complexes, where the distal tubular cells suffered the most extensive damage, in contrast to the damage in the proximal tubules induced by cisplatin. The binding of representative gold compounds with the model ubiquitin was also studied by ESI-MS, showing that after 24 h incubation only 'naked' Au ions were bound to the protein following ligands' loss. The mRNA expression of stress response genes appeared to be similar for both evaluated organs, suggesting oxidative stress as the possible mechanism of toxicity. The obtained results open new perspectives towards the design and testing of bifunctional gold complexes with chemotherapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Estrada-Ortiz
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics , Toxicology and Targeting , Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713AV Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Elena Lopez-Gonzales
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics , Toxicology and Targeting , Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713AV Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Ben Woods
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Park Place , CF10 3AT Cardiff , UK
| | - Stefan Stürup
- Dept. of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Inge A M de Graaf
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics , Toxicology and Targeting , Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713AV Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Geny M M Groothuis
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics , Toxicology and Targeting , Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713AV Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Angela Casini
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics , Toxicology and Targeting , Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713AV Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Park Place , CF10 3AT Cardiff , UK
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching b. München , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Peiró Cadahía J, Previtali V, Troelsen NS, Clausen MH. Prodrug strategies for targeted therapy triggered by reactive oxygen species. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1531-1549. [PMID: 31673314 PMCID: PMC6786010 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with numerous pathophysiological conditions including cancer and inflammation and the ROS stimulus constitutes a potential trigger for drug delivery strategies. Over the past decade, a number of ROS-sensitive functionalities have been identified with the purpose of introducing disease-targeting properties into small molecule drugs - a prodrug strategy that offers a promising approach for increasing the selectivity and efficacy of treatments. This review will provide an overview of the ROS-responsive prodrugs developed to date. A discussion on the current progress and limitations is provided along with a reflection on the unanswered questions that need to be addressed in order to advance this novel approach to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viola Previtali
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| | - Nikolaj S Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tumor-Specific Reactive Oxygen Species Accelerators Improve Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in B Cell Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102469. [PMID: 31109083 PMCID: PMC6566309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy is currently one of the most promising treatment approaches in cancer immunotherapy. However, the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment, in particular increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, provides considerable limitations. In this study, we aimed to exploit increased ROS levels in the tumor microenvironment with prodrugs of ROS accelerators, which are specifically activated in cancer cells. Upon activation, ROS accelerators induce further generation of ROS. This leads to an accumulation of ROS in tumor cells. We hypothesized that the latter cells will be more susceptible to CARTs. CD19-specific CARTs were generated with a CD19.CAR.CD28.CD137zeta third-generation retroviral vector. Cytotoxicity was determined by chromium-51 release assay. Influence of the ROS accelerators on viability and phenotype of CARTs was determined by flow cytometry. The combination of CARTs with the ROS accelerator PipFcB significantly increased their cytotoxicity in the Burkitt lymphoma cell lines Raji and Daudi, as well as primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Exposure of CARTs to PipFcB for 48 h did not influence T cell exhaustion, viability, or T cell subpopulations. In summary, the combination of CARTs with ROS accelerators may improve adoptive immunotherapy and help to overcome tumor microenvironment-mediated treatment resistance.
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu YW, Cheng HJ, Ruan BF, Hu Q. Synthesis, characterization and antitumor activity of (E)-2-methyl-3-ferrocenyl-N-acrylamide derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
35
|
Abstract
Many ferrocene complexes have been prepared for their oncological potential. Some derive from molecules with known biological effects (taxanes, podophyllotoxine, artemisine, SAHA, etc.) while others are synthetic molecules selected for their cytotoxic effects (N-alkylaminoferrocenes and ferrocenyl alkylpyridinium). Although these complexes have received a great deal of attention, the field of iron metallodrugs is not limited to them. A number of inorganic complexes of iron(ii) and iron(iii) with possible anticancer effects have also been published, although research into their biological effects is often only at an early stage. This chapter also includes iron chelators, molecules that are administered in non-metallic form but whose cytotoxic species are their coordination complexes of iron generated in vivo. The most emblematic molecule of this family is bleomycin, used as an anticancer agent in many chemotherapies. To these can be added the iron chelates originally synthesized to treat iron overload, some of which have been shown to possess interesting anticancer properties. They have been, and continue to be, the subject of many clinical trials, whether alone or in combination. Thus, the area of iron metallodrugs includes molecules with very different structures and reactivity, studied from a number of different perspectives, but focused on increasing the number of molecules at our disposal for combatting cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vessieres
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232 4, Place Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Daum S, Toms J, Reshetnikov V, Özkan HG, Hampel F, Maschauer S, Hakimioun A, Beierlein F, Sellner L, Schmitt M, Prante O, Mokhir A. Identification of Boronic Acid Derivatives as an Active Form of N-Alkylaminoferrocene-Based Anticancer Prodrugs and Their Radiolabeling with 18F. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1077-1086. [PMID: 30768258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
N-Alkylaminoferrocene (NAAF)-based prodrugs are activated in the presence of elevated amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which corresponds to cancer specific conditions, with formation of NAAF and p-quinone methide. Both products act synergistically by increasing oxidative stress in cancer cells that causes their death. Though it has already been demonstrated that the best prodrugs of this type retain their antitumor activity in vivo, the effects were found to be substantially weaker than those observed in cell cultures. Moreover, the mechanistic studies of these compounds in vivo are missing. For clarification of these important questions, labeling of the prodrugs with radioactive moieties would be necessary. In this paper, we first observed that the representative NAAF-based prodrugs are hydrolyzed in dilute aqueous solutions to the corresponding arylboronic acids. We confirmed that these products are responsible for ROS amplification and anticancer properties of the parent prodrugs. Next, we developed the efficient synthetic protocol for radiolabeling the hydrolyzed NAAF-based prodrugs by [18F]fluoroglucosylation under the conditions of the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and used this protocol to prepare one representative hydrolyzed NAAF-based prodrug radiolabeled with 18F. Finally, we studied the stability of the 18F-labeled compound in human serum in vitro and in rat blood in vivo and obtained preliminary data on its biodistribution in vivo in mice carrying pancreatic (AR42J) and prostate (PC3) tumors by applying PET imaging studies. The compound described in this paper will help to understand in vivo effects (e.g., pharmacokinetics, accumulation in organs, the nature of side effects) of these prodrugs that will strongly contribute to their advancement to clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Daum
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Johannes Toms
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry , Schwabachanlage 6 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Viktor Reshetnikov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Hülya Gizem Özkan
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry , Schwabachanlage 6 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Amir Hakimioun
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Nägelsbachstr. 25 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Frank Beierlein
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Nägelsbachstr. 25 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- University Hospital Heidelberg , Department of Medicine V , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- University Hospital Heidelberg , Department of Medicine V , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry , Schwabachanlage 6 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ai Y, Obianom ON, Kuser M, Li Y, Shu Y, Xue F. Enhanced Tumor Selectivity of 5-Fluorouracil Using a Reactive Oxygen Species-Activated Prodrug Approach. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:127-131. [PMID: 30655959 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel 5-fluorouracil (5FU) prodrugs 1a,1b that are efficiently activated by the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. Prodrugs 1a,1b selectively kill cancer cells over normal cells and are well-tolerated in mice. The strategy described herein can extend application of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Obinna N. Obianom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Meredith Kuser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Han J, Räder AFB, Reichart F, Aikman B, Wenzel MN, Woods B, Weinmüller M, Ludwig BS, Stürup S, Groothuis GMM, Permentier HP, Bischoff R, Kessler H, Horvatovich P, Casini A. Bioconjugation of Supramolecular Metallacages to Integrin Ligands for Targeted Delivery of Cisplatin. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3856-3865. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Han
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas F. B. Räder
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science München (CIPSM), TU München, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Reichart
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science München (CIPSM), TU München, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Brech Aikman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Margot N. Wenzel
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Woods
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Weinmüller
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science München (CIPSM), TU München, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Beatrice S. Ludwig
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science München (CIPSM), TU München, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Stürup
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geny M. M. Groothuis
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar P. Permentier
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science München (CIPSM), TU München, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen W, Fan H, Balakrishnan K, Wang Y, Sun H, Fan Y, Gandhi V, Arnold LA, Peng X. Discovery and Optimization of Novel Hydrogen Peroxide Activated Aromatic Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives as Highly Potent Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9132-9145. [PMID: 30247905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe several new aromatic nitrogen mustards with various aromatic substituents and boronic esters that can be activated with H2O2 to efficiently cross-link DNA. In vitro studies demonstrated the anticancer potential of these compounds at lower concentrations than those of other clinically used chemotherapeutics, such as melphalan and chlorambucil. In particular, compound 10, bearing an amino acid ester chain, is selectively cytotoxic toward breast cancer and leukemia cells that have inherently high levels of reactive oxygen species. Importantly, 10 was 10-14-fold more efficacious than melphalan and chlorambucil for triple-negative breast-cancer (TNBC) cells. Similarly, 10 is more toxic toward primary chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia cells than either chlorambucil or the lead compound, 9. The introduction of an amino acid side chain improved the solubility and permeability of 10. Furthermore, 10 inhibited the growth of TNBC tumors in xenografted mice without obvious signs of general toxicity, making this compound an ideal drug candidate for clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee , 3210 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Heli Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee , 3210 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Kumudha Balakrishnan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics , MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics , MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee , 3210 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee , 3210 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hoffmann MH, Griffiths HR. The dual role of Reactive Oxygen Species in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: evidence from preclinical models. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:62-71. [PMID: 29550327 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are created in cells during oxidative phosphorylation by the respiratory chain in the mitochondria or by the family of NADPH oxidase (NOX) complexes. The first discovered and most studied of these complexes, NOX2, mediates the oxidative burst in phagocytes. ROS generated by NOX2 are dreadful weapons: while being essential to kill ingested pathogens they can also cause degenerative changes on tissue if production and release are not balanced by sufficient detoxification. In the last fifteen years evidence has been accumulating that ROS are also integral signaling molecules and are important for regulating autoimmunity and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. It seems that an accurate redox balance is necessary to sustain an immune state that both prevents the development of overt autoimmunity (the bright side of ROS) and minimizes collateral tissue damage (the dark side of ROS). Herein, we review studies from rodent models of arthritis, lupus, and neurodegenerative diseases that show that low NOX2-derived ROS production is linked to disease and elaborate on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and the translation of these results to disease in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Medicine 3, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reshetnikov V, Hahn J, Maueröder C, Czegley C, Munoz LE, Herrmann M, Hoffmann MH, Mokhir A. Chemical Tools for Targeted Amplification of Reactive Oxygen Species in Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1827. [PMID: 30150984 PMCID: PMC6099268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of chemical compounds are known, which amplify the availability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils both in vitro and in vivo. They can be roughly classified into NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-dependent and NOX2-independent reagents. NOX2 activation is triggered by protein kinase C agonists (e.g., phorbol esters, transition metal ions), redox mediators (e.g., paraquat) or formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonists (e.g., aromatic hydrazine derivatives). NOX2-independent mechanisms are realized by reagents affecting glutathione homeostasis (e.g., l-buthionine sulfoximine), modulators of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (e.g., ionophores, inositol mimics, and agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) and chemical ROS amplifiers [e.g., aminoferrocene-based prodrugs (ABPs)]. Since a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as cancer and bacterial infections, are triggered or enhanced by aberrant ROS production in neutrophils, it is tempting to use ROS amplifiers as drugs for the treatment of these diseases. However, since the known reagents are not cell specific, their application for treatment likely causes systemic enhancement of oxidative stress, leading to severe side effects. Cell-targeted ROS enhancement can be achieved either by using conjugates of ROS amplifiers with ligands binding to receptors expressed on neutrophils (e.g., the GPI-anchored myeloid differentiation marker Ly6G or FPR) or by designing reagents activated by neutrophil function [e.g., phagocytic activity or enzymatic activity of neutrophil elastase (NE)]. Since binding of an artificial ligand to a receptor may trigger or inhibit priming of neutrophils the latter approach has a smaller potential for severe side effects and is probably better suitable for therapy. Here, we review current approaches for the use of ROS amplifiers and discuss their applicability for treatment. As an example, we suggest a possible design of neutrophil-specific ROS amplifiers, which are based on NE-activated ABPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Reshetnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Cell Clearance in Health and Disease Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent university, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Czegley
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Munoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Boscutti G, Nardon C, Marchiò L, Crisma M, Biondi B, Dalzoppo D, Dalla Via L, Formaggio F, Casini A, Fregona D. Anticancer Gold(III) Peptidomimetics: From Synthesis to in vitro and ex vivo Biological Evaluations. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1131-1145. [PMID: 29570944 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Five new AuIII -peptidodithiocarbamato complexes of the type [AuIII Br2 (dtc-AA1 -AA2 -OR] (in which AA1 =N-methylglycine (Sar), l/d-Pro; AA2 =l/d-Ala, α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib); R=OtBu, triethylene glycol methyl ether), differing with regard to the amino acid sequence and/or the chiral amino acid configuration, were designed to enhance tumor selectivity and bioavailability. The gold(III)-based moiety was functionalized to exploit the targeting properties of the peptidomimetic ligand toward two peptide transporters (namely PEPT1 and PEPT2), which are upregulated in several tumor cells. The compounds were synthesized and fully characterized, mainly by means of elemental analysis, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The crystal structures of three compounds were also solved by X-ray diffraction. In vitro cytotoxicity studies using a panel of human tumor cell lines (A549 [non-small-cell lung carcinoma], MCF-7 [breast cancer], A2780 [ovarian carcinoma], H1975 [non-small-cell lung carcinoma], H460 [large-cell lung carcinoma], and A431 [human epidermoid carcinoma]) showed the dtc-Pro-Aib-OtBu derivative to be very effective, with GI50 values much lower than those of cisplatin. This complex was thus selected for evaluating stability under physiological conditions and possible interactions with serum albumin, as well in PARP-1 enzyme inhibition assays and preliminary ex vivo toxicity experiments on healthy rat tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Boscutti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Nardon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43121, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Dalzoppo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, UK.,Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 GV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolores Fregona
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Y, Dansette PM, Pigeon P, Top S, McGlinchey MJ, Mansuy D, Jaouen G. A new generation of ferrociphenols leads to a great diversity of reactive metabolites, and exhibits remarkable antiproliferative properties. Chem Sci 2018; 9:70-78. [PMID: 29629075 PMCID: PMC5870192 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometallic compounds bearing the redox motif [ferrocenyl-ene-phenol] have very promising antiproliferative properties which have been further improved by incorporating pertinent substituents able to engender new mechanisms. Here we show that novel ferrociphenols bearing a hydroxypropyl chain exhibit strong antiproliferative effects, in most cases much better than those of cisplatin, tamoxifen, or of previously described ferrociphenols devoid of this terminal OH. This is illustrated, in the case of one of these compounds, by its IC50 values of 110 nM for MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells and of 300 nM for cisplatin-resistant A2780cisR human ovarian cancer cells, and by its GI50 values lower than 100 nM towards a series of melanoma and renal cancer cell lines of the NCI-60 panel. Interestingly, oxidative metabolism of these hydroxypropyl-ferrociphenols yields two kinds of quinone methides (QMs) that readily react with various nucleophiles, such as glutathione, to give 1,6- and 1,8-adducts. Protonation of these quinone methides generates numerous reactive metabolites leading eventually to many rearrangement and cleavage products. This unprecedented and fully characterized metabolic profile involving a wide range of electrophilic metabolites that should react with cell macromolecules may be linked to the remarkable profile of antiproliferative activities of this new series. Indeed, the great diversity of unexpected reactive metabolites found upon oxidation will allow them to adapt to various situations present in the cancer cell. These data initiate a novel strategy for the rational design of anticancer molecules, thus opening the way to new organometallic potent anticancer drug candidates for the treatment of chemoresistant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- PSL , Chimie ParisTech , 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie , F-75005 Paris , France
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 6 , UMR 8232 CNRS , IPCM , Place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris , France . ;
| | - Patrick M Dansette
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques , UMR 8601 CNRS , Université Paris Descartes , PRES Paris Cité Sorbonne , 45 rue des Saints Pères , 75270 Paris Cedex 06 , France .
| | - Pascal Pigeon
- PSL , Chimie ParisTech , 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie , F-75005 Paris , France
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 6 , UMR 8232 CNRS , IPCM , Place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris , France . ;
| | - Siden Top
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 6 , UMR 8232 CNRS , IPCM , Place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris , France . ;
| | - Michael J McGlinchey
- UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Daniel Mansuy
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques , UMR 8601 CNRS , Université Paris Descartes , PRES Paris Cité Sorbonne , 45 rue des Saints Pères , 75270 Paris Cedex 06 , France .
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- PSL , Chimie ParisTech , 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie , F-75005 Paris , France
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 6 , UMR 8232 CNRS , IPCM , Place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris , France . ;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Daum S, Babiy S, Konovalova H, Hofer W, Shtemenko A, Shtemenko N, Janko C, Alexiou C, Mokhir A. Tuning the structure of aminoferrocene-based anticancer prodrugs to prevent their aggregation in aqueous solution. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 178:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
45
|
Daum S, Reshetnikov MSV, Sisa M, Dumych T, Lootsik MD, Bilyy R, Bila E, Janko C, Alexiou C, Herrmann M, Sellner L, Mokhir A. Lysosome-Targeting Amplifiers of Reactive Oxygen Species as Anticancer Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Daum
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - M. S. Viktor Reshetnikov
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Miroslav Sisa
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Prague Czech Republik
| | - Tetyana Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Maxim D. Lootsik
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Evgenia Bila
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Ivan Franko Lviv National University; Kyrylo & Mefodiy Str. 6 79005 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON); University Hospital Erlangen; Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON); University Hospital Erlangen; Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology; University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V; University Hospital Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Daum S, Reshetnikov MSV, Sisa M, Dumych T, Lootsik MD, Bilyy R, Bila E, Janko C, Alexiou C, Herrmann M, Sellner L, Mokhir A. Lysosome-Targeting Amplifiers of Reactive Oxygen Species as Anticancer Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15545-15549. [PMID: 28994179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells produce elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, which has been used to design cancer specific prodrugs. Their activation relies on at least a bimolecular process, in which a prodrug reacts with ROS. However, at low micromolar concentrations of the prodrugs and ROS, the activation is usually inefficient. Herein, we propose and validate a potentially general approach for solving this intrinsic problem of ROS-dependent prodrugs. In particular, known prodrug 4-(N-ferrocenyl-N-benzylaminocarbonyloxymethyl)phenylboronic acid pinacol ester was converted into its lysosome-specific analogue. Since lysosomes contain a higher concentration of active ROS than the cytoplasm, activation of the prodrug was facilitated with respect to the parent compound. Moreover, it was found to exhibit high anticancer activity in a variety of cancer cell lines (IC50 =3.5-7.2 μm) and in vivo (40 mg kg-1 , NK/Ly murine model) but remained weakly toxic towards non-malignant cells (IC50 =15-30 μm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Daum
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M S Viktor Reshetnikov
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miroslav Sisa
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague, Czech Republik
| | - Tetyana Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maxim D Lootsik
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Evgenia Bila
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyrylo & Mefodiy Str. 6, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Spreckelmeyer S, Estrada-Ortiz N, Prins GGH, van der Zee M, Gammelgaard B, Stürup S, de Graaf IAM, Groothuis GMM, Casini A. On the toxicity and transport mechanisms of cisplatin in kidney tissues in comparison to a gold-based cytotoxic agent. Metallomics 2017; 9:1786-1795. [PMID: 29104982 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00271h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of toxicity and cellular transport of anticancer metallodrugs, including platinum-based agents, have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we studied the toxic effects and accumulation mechanisms of cisplatin in healthy rat kidneys ex vivo, using the Precision Cut Tissue Slices (PCTS) method. In addition, for the first time, we investigated the nephrotoxic effects of an experimental anticancer cyclometallated complex [Au(pyb-H)(PTA)Cl]PF6 (PTA = 1,3,5-triazaphosphaadamantane). The viability of the kidney slices after metallodrug treatment was evaluated by ATP content determination and histomorphology analysis. A concentration dependent decrease in viability of PCKS was observed after exposure to cisplatin or the Au(iii) complex, which correlated with the increase in slice content of Pt and Au, respectively. Metal accumulation in kidney slices was analysed by ICP-MS. The involvement of OCTs and MATE transporters in the accumulation of both metal compounds in kidneys was evaluated co-incubating the tissues with cimitedine, inhibitor of OCT and MATE. Studies of mRNA expression of the markers KIM-1, villin, p53 and Bax showed that cisplatin damages proximal tubules, whereas the Au(iii) complex preferentially affects the distal tubules. However, no effect of cimetidine on the toxicity or accumulation of cisplatin and the Au(iii) complex was observed. The effect of temperature on metallodrug accumulation in kidneys suggests the involvement of a carrier-mediated uptake process, other than OCT2, for cisplatin; while carrier-mediated excretion was suggested in the cases of the Au(iii) complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spreckelmeyer
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands and Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Natalia Estrada-Ortiz
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerian G H Prins
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margot van der Zee
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bente Gammelgaard
- Dept. of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Stürup
- Dept. of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge A M de Graaf
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geny M M Groothuis
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Casini
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands and School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF103AT Cardiff, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pigeon P, Wang Y, Top S, Najlaoui F, Garcia Alvarez MC, Bignon J, McGlinchey MJ, Jaouen G. A New Series of Succinimido-ferrociphenols and Related Heterocyclic Species Induce Strong Antiproliferative Effects, Especially against Ovarian Cancer Cells Resistant to Cisplatin. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8358-8368. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Pigeon
- PSL, Chimie ParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- UPMC
Univ Paris 6, UMR 8232 CNRS, IPCM, Sorbonne Universités, Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yong Wang
- PSL, Chimie ParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- UPMC
Univ Paris 6, UMR 8232 CNRS, IPCM, Sorbonne Universités, Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Siden Top
- UPMC
Univ Paris 6, UMR 8232 CNRS, IPCM, Sorbonne Universités, Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Feten Najlaoui
- UPMC
Univ Paris 6, UMR 8232 CNRS, IPCM, Sorbonne Universités, Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria Concepcion Garcia Alvarez
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles,
UPR 2301 du CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles,
UPR 2301 du CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Michael J. McGlinchey
- UCD
School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- PSL, Chimie ParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- UPMC
Univ Paris 6, UMR 8232 CNRS, IPCM, Sorbonne Universités, Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Estrada-Ortiz N, Guarra F, de Graaf IAM, Marchetti L, de Jager MH, Groothuis GMM, Gabbiani C, Casini A. Anticancer Gold N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Comparative in vitro and ex vivo Study. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1429-1435. [PMID: 28741878 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of organometallic AuI N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes was synthesized and characterized for anticancer activity in four human cancer cell lines. The compounds' toxicity in healthy tissue was determined using precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS) as a tool to determine the potential selectivity of the gold complexes ex vivo. All evaluated compounds presented cytotoxic activity toward the cancer cells in the nano- or low micromolar range. The mixed AuI NHC complex, (tert-butylethynyl)-1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene gold(I), bearing an alkynyl moiety as ancillary ligand, showed high cytotoxicity in cancer cells in vitro, while being barely toxic in healthy rat kidney tissues. The obtained results open new perspectives toward the design of mixed NHC-alkynyl gold complexes for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Estrada-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Guarra
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Inge A M de Graaf
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorella Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina H de Jager
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geny M M Groothuis
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF103AT, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|