1
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A comprehensive review on acridone based derivatives as future anti-cancer agents and their structure activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114527. [PMID: 35717872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug resistance and severe side-effects has reduced the clinical efficacy of the existing anti-cancer drugs available in the market. Thus, there is always a constant need to develop newer anti-cancer drugs with minimal adverse effects. Researchers all over the world have been focusing on various alternative strategies to discover novel, potent, and target specific molecules for cancer therapy. In this direction, several heterocyclic compounds are being explored but amongst them one promising heterocycle is acridone which has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists and gained huge biological importance as acridones are found to act on different therapeutically proven molecular targets, overcome ABC transporters mediated drug resistance and DNA intercalation in cancer cells. Some of these acridone derivatives have reached clinical studies as these heterocycles have shown huge potential in cancer therapeutics and imaging. Here, the authors have attempted to compile and make some recommendations of acridone based derivatives concerning their cancer biological targets and in vitro-cytotoxicity based on drug design and novelty to increase their therapeutic potential. This review also provides some important insights on the design, receptor targeting and future directions for the development of acridones as possible clinically effective anti-cancer agents.
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2
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Sirgamalla R, Adem K, Boda S, Kommakula A, Neradi S, Perka S, Bojja K, Arifuddin M. DABCO
mediated one pot synthesis of 2‐(3‐benzyl‐2, 6‐dioxo‐3, 6‐dihydropyrimidin‐1[
2
H
]‐yl)‐
N
‐(4‐(1,
3‐dioxo‐1
H
‐benzo [
de
]isoquinolin‐2[
3
H
]‐yl) aryl) acetamides as antimicrobial agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rambabu Sirgamalla
- Department of ChemistryOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana State India
| | - Kurumanna Adem
- Department of ChemistryOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana State India
| | - Sakram Boda
- Department of ChemistryOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana State India
| | - Ashok Kommakula
- Department of ChemistryOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana State India
| | - Suryam Neradi
- Department of ChemistryOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana State India
| | - Shyam Perka
- Department of ChemistryOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana State India
| | - Kiran Bojja
- Department of ChemistryOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana State India
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3
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Abstract
The nitro group is considered to be a versatile and unique functional group in medicinal chemistry. Despite a long history of use in therapeutics, the nitro group has toxicity issues and is often categorized as a structural alert or a toxicophore, and evidence related to drugs containing nitro groups is rather contradictory. In general, drugs containing nitro groups have been extensively associated with mutagenicity and genotoxicity. In this context, efforts toward the structure-mutagenicity or structure-genotoxicity relationships have been undertaken. The current Perspective covers various aspects of agents that contain nitro groups, their bioreductive activation mechanisms, their toxicities, and approaches to combat their toxicity issues. In addition, recent advances in the field of anticancer, antitubercular and antiparasitic agents containing nitro groups, along with a patent survey on hypoxia-activated prodrugs containing nitro groups, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , 250 Wuxing Street , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , 250 Wuxing Street , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , 250 Wuxing Street , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
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4
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Tomczyk MD, Walczak KZ. l,8-Naphthalimide based DNA intercalators and anticancer agents. A systematic review from 2007 to 2017. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 159:393-422. [PMID: 30312931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe a detailed investigation about the structural variations and relative activity of 1,8-naphthalimide based intercalators and anticancer agents. The 1,8-naphthalimides binds to the DNA via intercalation, and exert their antitumor activities through Topoisomerase I/II inhibition, photoinduced DNA damage or related mechanism. Here, our discussion focused on works published over the last ten years (2007-2017) related to therapeutic applications, in the order of cancer treatment followed by other properties of 1,8-naphthalimides. In preparing for this review, we considered that several seminal reviews have appeared over the last fifteen years and focused on closely related subjects, however, none of them is exhaustive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz D Tomczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Z Walczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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5
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Shaki H. Novel monoazo disperse and cationic dyes: preparation, structure investigation, study of spectroscopic, antibacterial and antifungal potential. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Ou Z, Xu M, Gao Y, Hu R, Li Q, Cai W, Wang Z, Qian Y, Yang G. Synthesis, G-quadruplex binding properties and cytotoxicity of naphthalimide–thiourea conjugates. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen bonding between a thiourea moiety and a G-quadruplex plays a crucial role in the sequence-specific DNA binding of naphthalimide–thiourea conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhize Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Moheng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Yunyan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Rui Hu
- CAS Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Wenjiao Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Ziji Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Yimeng Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- CAS Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
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7
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Sankappa Rai U, Isloor A, Shetty P, Pai K, Fun H. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of new pyrazole chalcones and heterocyclic diamides as potential anticancer agents. ARAB J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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8
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Zhang B, Li X, Li B, Gao C, Jiang Y. Acridine and its derivatives: a patent review (2009 - 2013). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 24:647-64. [PMID: 24848259 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.902052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acridine derivatives have been extensively explored as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of a number of diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and bacterial and protozoan infections. Their mode of action is mainly attributed to DNA intercalation and the subsequent effects on the biological processes linked to DNA and its related enzymes. AREA COVERED This review covers the relevant efforts in developing acridine derivatives with enhanced therapeutic potency and selectivity and as fluorescent materials, with particular focus on the newly patented acridine derivatives in 2009 - 2013, acridine drugs in clinical trials and preclinical studies, and other new derivatives that emerged in 2009 - 2013. EXPERT OPINION Thousands of acridines with therapeutic and biological activities or with photochemical properties have been developed. In addition, to modify the position and the nature of the substituent on the acridine core, more attention may be paid to the development of azaacridine or other heteroatom-substituted acridine derivatives and their synthesis methods to broaden the application of acridine derivatives. In cancer chemotherapy, the mode of action of acridine derivatives needs to be further studied. Efficient methods for identification and optimization of acridine derivatives to localize at the sites of disease need to be further developed. Moreover, acridine drugs may be combined with such bioactive agents as DNA repair proteins inhibitors to overcome tumor resistance and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry , Beijing 100084 , PR China
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9
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Ryan GJ, Poynton FE, Elmes RBP, Erby M, Williams DC, Quinn SJ, Gunnlaugsson T. Unexpected DNA binding properties with correlated downstream biological applications in mono vs. bis-1,8-naphthalimide Ru(ii)-polypyridyl conjugates. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16332-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of two 1,8-napthalimide-conjugated Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes which exhibit different DNA binding and photocleavage behavior is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Ryan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Fergus E. Poynton
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Robert B. P. Elmes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Marialuisa Erby
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology
- and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology
- and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Susan J. Quinn
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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10
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HKH40A downregulates GRP78/BiP expression in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1240. [PMID: 24853418 PMCID: PMC4047900 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HKH40A, the 8-methoxy analog of WMC79, is a synthetic agent with promising in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity, especially against solid tumors. However, molecular mechanisms underlying its antitumor effects are poorly understood. Here, we report that HKH40A markedly reduces the level of GRP78/BiP protein in cancer cell lines of various origin. In this study, we show that HKH40A not only downregulates transcription of GRP78 but also directly binds to the isolated protein and induces its proteosomal degradation. Knockdown of BiP increased the efficacy of the drug and overexpression of BiP diminished its activity. BiP is generally highly elevated in solid tumors having a pivotal role in cancer cell survival and chemoresistance, and has been suggested as a novel target for therapeutic intervention. We show that reduction of BiP level by HKH40A impairs its function and induces unfolded protein response as evidenced by the activation of IRE1α, ATF6 and PERK. This leads to a series of downstream events, including sustained eIF2α phosphorylation, increased abundance of spliced XBP1 mRNA and protein levels of ATF4 and CHOP. We also demonstrate that HKH40A inhibited tumor formation in an in vivo xenograft tumor model. Collectively, our data show that HKH40A reduces BiP levels and this could have an important role in the activity of HKH40A against cancer cells.
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11
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A series of naphthalimide azoles: Design, synthesis and bioactive evaluation as potential antimicrobial agents. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Banerjee S, Veale EB, Phelan CM, Murphy SA, Tocci GM, Gillespie LJ, Frimannsson DO, Kelly JM, Gunnlaugsson T. Recent advances in the development of 1,8-naphthalimide based DNA targeting binders, anticancer and fluorescent cellular imaging agents. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1601-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Wu A, Mei P, Xu Y, Qian X. Novel Naphthalimide-Benzoic Acid Conjugates as Potential Apoptosis-Inducing Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:941-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Structural plasticity of a transmembrane peptide allows self-assembly into biologically active nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:9798-803. [PMID: 21628584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014598108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant efforts have been devoted to the development of nanoparticular delivering systems targeting tumors. However, clinical application of nanoparticles is hampered by insufficient size homogeneity, difficulties in reproducible synthesis and manufacturing, frequent high uptake in the liver, systemic toxicity of the carriers (particularly for inorganic nanoparticles), and insufficient selectivity for tumor cells. We have found that properly modified synthetic analogs of transmembrane domains of membrane proteins can self-assemble into remarkably uniform spherical nanoparticles with innate biological activity. Self-assembly is driven by a structural transition of the peptide that adopts predominantly a beta-hairpin conformation in aqueous solutions, but folds into an alpha-helix upon spontaneous fusion of the nanoparticles with cell membrane. A 24-amino acid peptide corresponding to the second transmembrane helix of the CXCR4 forms self-assembled particles that inhibit CXCR4 function in vitro and hamper CXCR4-dependent tumor metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, such nanoparticles can encapsulate hydrophobic drugs, thus providing a delivery system with the potential for dual biological activity.
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15
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MacGregor KA, McCluskey A. Ionic liquids accelerate access to N-substituted-1,8-naphthalimides. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Szumilak M, Szulawska-Mroczek A, Koprowska K, Stasiak M, Lewgowd W, Stanczak A, Czyz M. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of new polyamine conjugates as potential anticancer drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5744-51. [PMID: 20974504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new polyamine derivatives containing dimeric quinoline (3a-c), cinnoline (4a-c) and phthalimide (7a-c and 8a-c) moieties is described. Three different polyamines: (1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine (a), 4,9-dioxa-1,12-dodecanediamine (b), 3,3'-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine (c) were used as linkers. The new compounds were obtained according to known procedures. Their biological activity was assessed in vitro in a highly aggressive melanoma cell line A375. Polyamine diimides containing phthalimide moieties demonstrated no inhibitory activities against melanoma cells. Quinoline diamides were more efficient than cinnoline ones. Mainly cytostatic activity exerted as altered cell cycle profiles was observed at the concentrations causing about 50% reduction of adherent cell proliferation. Based on their structure as well as their biological activity, we assume that some of the newly synthesized compounds may act as DNA bisintercalators. This study might be useful for further designing and developing anticancer drugs with potent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szumilak
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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17
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Wu A, Xu Y, Qian X. Novel naphthalimide–indomethacin hybrids as potential antitumor agents: effects of linkers on hypoxic/oxic cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Li X, Wang Q, Qing Y, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Qian X, Cui J. Novel DNA intercalators without basic side chains as efficient antitumor agents: Design, synthesis and evaluation of benzo-[c,d]-indol-malononitrile derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3279-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Revised: 03/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Dong Y, Shi Q, Nakagawa-Goto K, Wu PC, Morris-Natschke SL, Brossi A, Bastow KF, Lang JY, Hung MC, Lee KH. Antitumor agents 270. Novel substituted 6-phenyl-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-4-one derivatives as potent and highly selective anti-breast cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 18:803-8. [PMID: 20034799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
6-Phenyl-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-4-one derivatives based on neo-tashinlactone (1) were synthesized and evaluated as novel anti-breast cancer agents. Compounds 10-13, 23, 25, and 27 showed potent inhibition against the SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell line. Importantly, 25 and 27 showed the highest cancer cell line selectivity, being approximately 100-250-fold more potent against SK-BR-3 (ED(50) 0.28 and 0.44microM, respectively) compared with other cancer cell lines tested. In addition, 25 displayed low cytotoxicity against normal breast cell lines 184A1 and MCF10A. Compounds 25 and 27 merit further investigation in our continuing program to generate and develop selective anti-breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Dong
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, United States
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20
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Wang Z, Wang M, Kar S, Carr BI. Involvement of ATM-mediated Chk1/2 and JNK kinase signaling activation in HKH40A-induced cell growth inhibition. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:213-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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21
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Veale EB, Frimannsson DO, Lawler M, Gunnlaugsson T. 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide-Based Tröger’s Bases As High Affinity DNA Targeting Fluorescent Supramolecular Scaffolds. Org Lett 2009; 11:4040-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9013602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma B. Veale
- School of Chemistry, Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, and School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Daniel O. Frimannsson
- School of Chemistry, Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, and School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mark Lawler
- School of Chemistry, Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, and School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, and School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
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22
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Growth inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo by the 8-methoxy analog of WMC79. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 63:769-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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