1
|
Yun M, Regen ND, Anchondo Y, Eddinger K, Malkmus S, Roberts SW, Donati E, Leonardi A, Yaksh TL. Acetaminophen effects upon formalin-evoked flinching, postformalin, and postincisional allodynia and conditioned place preference. Pain Rep 2024; 9:e1168. [PMID: 39139364 PMCID: PMC11321755 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We explored in mice, the analgesic, tolerance, dependency, and rewarding effects of systemic acetaminophen (APAP). Methods Studies employed adult mice (C57Bl6). (1) Intraplantar formalin flinching + post formalin allodynia. Mice were given intraperitoneal APAP in a DMSO (5%)/Tween 80 (5%) or a water-based formulation before formalin flinching on day 1 and tactile thresholds assessed before and after APAP at day 12. (2) Paw incision. At 24 hours and 8 days after hind paw incision in male mice, effects of intraperitoneal APAP on tactile allodynia were assessed. (3) Repeated delivery. Mice received daily (4 days) analgesic doses of APAP or vehicle and tested upon formalin flinching on day 5. (4) Conditioned place preference. For 3 consecutive days, vehicle was given in the morning in either of 2 chambers and in each afternoon, an analgesic dose of morphine or APAP in the other chamber. On days 5 and 10, animals were allowed to select a "preferred" chamber. Results Formalin in male mice resulted in biphasic flinching and an enduring postformalin tactile allodynia. Acetaminophen dose dependently decreased phase 2 flinching, and reversed allodynia was observed postflinching. At a comparable APAP dose, female mice showed similarly reduced phase 2 flinching. Incision allodynia was transiently reversed by APAP. Repeated APAP delivery showed no loss of effect after sequential injections or signs of withdrawal. Morphine, but not APAP or vehicle, resulted in robust place preference. Conclusions APAP decreased flinching and allodynia observed following formalin and paw incision and an absence of tolerance, dependence, or rewarding properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yuvicza Anchondo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shelle Malkmus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven W. Roberts
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ballók R, Kis Varga Á, Erdélyi P, Fischer J. Phosphonate Derivatives of Paracetamol and Valproic Acid. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200526. [PMID: 36367256 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol and valproic acid are standalone drugs with leading position in the world drug market. The phosphonate analogues of these drugs were synthesized and were tested in vivo. N-(4-hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl)phosphonic acid was four times more potent than paracetamol in preventing acetic acid-induced writhing. Phosphonate derivative of valproic acid, (2-propylpentanoyl)phosphonic acid, had similar in vivo activity to valproic acid in the pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Ballók
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kis Varga
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Péter Erdélyi
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - János Fischer
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Å Nilsson JL, Mallet C, Shionoya K, Blomgren A, Sundin AP, Grundemar L, Boudieu L, Blomqvist A, Eschalier A, Nilsson UJ, Zygmunt PM. Paracetamol analogues conjugated by FAAH induce TRPV1-mediated antinociception without causing acute liver toxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113042. [PMID: 33257173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol, one of the most widely used pain-relieving drugs, is deacetylated to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) that undergoes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-dependent biotransformation into N-arachidonoylphenolamine (AM404), which mediates TRPV1-dependent antinociception in the brain of rodents. However, paracetamol is also converted to the liver-toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine already at therapeutic doses, urging for safer paracetamol analogues. Primary amine analogues with chemical structures similar to paracetamol were evaluated for their propensity to undergo FAAH-dependent N-arachidonoyl conjugation into TRPV1 activators both in vitro and in vivo in rodents. The antinociceptive and antipyretic activity of paracetamol and primary amine analogues was examined with regard to FAAH and TRPV1 as well as if these analogues produced acute liver toxicity. 5-Amino-2-methoxyphenol (2) and 5-aminoindazole (3) displayed efficient target protein interactions with a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the mice formalin test, which in the second phase was dependent on FAAH and TRPV1. No hepatotoxicity of the FAAH substrates transformed into TRPV1 activators was observed. While paracetamol attenuates pyrexia via inhibition of brain cyclooxygenase, its antinociceptive FAAH substrate 4-AP was not antipyretic, suggesting separate mechanisms for the antipyretic and antinociceptive effect of paracetamol. Furthermore, compound 3 reduced fever without a brain cyclooxygenase inhibitory action. The data support our view that analgesics and antipyretics without liver toxicity can be derived from paracetamol. Thus, research into the molecular actions of paracetamol could pave the way for the discovery of analgesics and antipyretics with a better benefit-to-risk ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan L Å Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christophe Mallet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; ANALGESIA Institute, Faculty of Medicine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kiseko Shionoya
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomgren
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders P Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Grundemar
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ludivine Boudieu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; ANALGESIA Institute, Faculty of Medicine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anders Blomqvist
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alain Eschalier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; ANALGESIA Institute, Faculty of Medicine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter M Zygmunt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stasiulewicz A, Znajdek K, Grudzień M, Pawiński T, Sulkowska JI. A Guide to Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082778. [PMID: 32316328 PMCID: PMC7216112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is one of the most crucial systems in the human organism, exhibiting multi-purpose regulatory character. It is engaged in a vast array of physiological processes, including nociception, mood regulation, cognitive functions, neurogenesis and neuroprotection, appetite, lipid metabolism, as well as cell growth and proliferation. Thus, ECS proteins, including cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands’ synthesizing and degrading enzymes, are promising therapeutic targets. Their modulation has been employed in or extensively studied as a treatment of multiple diseases. However, due to a complex nature of ECS and its crosstalk with other biological systems, the development of novel drugs turned out to be a challenging task. In this review, we summarize potential therapeutic applications for ECS-targeting drugs, especially focusing on promising synthetic compounds and preclinical studies. We put emphasis on modulation of specific proteins of ECS in different pathophysiological areas. In addition, we stress possible difficulties and risks and highlight proposed solutions. By presenting this review, we point out information pivotal in the spotlight of ECS-targeting drug design, as well as provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on ECS-related pharmacodynamics and show possible directions for needed research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stasiulewicz
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Znajdek
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Grudzień
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Pawiński
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Joanna I. Sulkowska
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Lin W, Wu N, He X, Wang J, Feng Z, Xie XQ. An insight into paracetamol and its metabolites using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2018; 24:243. [PMID: 30121710 PMCID: PMC6733030 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol is a relatively safe analgesia/antipyretic drug without the risks of addiction, dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal when used alone. However, when administrated in an opioid/paracetamol combination product, which often contains a large quantity of paracetamol, it can be potentially dangerous due to the risk of hepatotoxicity. Paracetamol is known to be metabolized into N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-arachidonamide (AM404) via fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and into N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) via cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. However, the underlying mechanism of paracetamol is still unclear. In addition, paracetamol has the potential to interact with other drugs that are also involved with CYP family enzymes (inducer/inhibitor/substrate), an example being illicit drugs. In our present work, we looked into the relationship between paracetamol and its metabolites (AM404 and NAPQI) using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We first carried out a series of molecular docking studies between paracetamol/AM404/NAQPI and their reported targets, including CYP 2E1, FAAH, TRPA1, CB1, and TRPV1. Subsequently, we performed MD simulations and energy decomposition for CB1-AM404, TRPV1-AM404, and TRPV1-NAPQI for further investigation of the dynamics interactions. Finally, we summarized and discussed the reported drug-drug interactions between paracetamol and central nervous system drugs, especially illicit drugs. Overall, we are able to provide new insights into the structural and functional roles of paracetamol and its metabolites that can inform the potential prevention and treatment of paracetamol overdose. Graphical abstract Paracetamol and its metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Target Based Drug Screening and Effect Evaluation, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Xibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Falup-Pecurariu O, Man SC, Neamtu ML, Chicin G, Baciu G, Pitic C, Cara AC, Neculau AE, Burlea M, Brinza IL, Schnell CN, Sas V, Lupu VV, François N, Swinnen K, Borys D. Effects of prophylactic ibuprofen and paracetamol administration on the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugated vaccine (PHiD-CV) co-administered with DTPa-combined vaccines in children: An open-label, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:649-660. [PMID: 27541270 PMCID: PMC5360152 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1223001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic paracetamol administration impacts vaccine immune response; this study ( www.clinicaltrials.gov : NCT01235949) is the first to assess PHiD-CV immunogenicity following prophylactic ibuprofen administration. In this phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority study in Romania (November 2010-December 2012), healthy infants were randomized 3:3:3:1:1:1 to prophylactically receive immediate, delayed or no ibuprofen (IIBU, DIBU, NIBU) or paracetamol (IPARA, DPARA, NPARA) after each of 3 primary doses (PHiD-CV at age 3/4/5 months co-administered with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib at 3/5 and DTPa-IPV/Hib at 4 months) or booster dose (PHiD-CV and DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib; 12-15 months). Non-inferiority of immune response one month post-primary vaccination in terms of percentage of infants with anti-pneumococcal antibody concentrations ≥0.2 µg/mL (primary objective) was demonstrated if the upper limit (UL) of the 98.25% confidence interval of difference between groups (NIBU vs IIBU, NIBU vs DIBU) was <10% for ≥7/10 serotypes. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity/safety were evaluated, including confirmatory analysis of difference in fever incidences post-primary vaccination in IBU or DIBU group compared to NIBU. Of 850 infants randomized, 812 were included in the total vaccinated cohort. Non-inferiority was demonstrated for both comparisons (UL was <10% for 9/10 vaccine serotypes; exceptions: 6B [NIBU], 23F [IIBU]). However, fever incidence post-primary vaccination in the IIBU and DIBU groups did not indicate a statistically significant reduction. Prophylactic administration (immediate or delayed) of paracetamol decreased fever incidence but seemed to reduce immune response to PHiD-CV, except when given only at booster. Twenty-seven serious adverse events were reported for 15 children; all resolved and were not vaccination-related.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Falup-Pecurariu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Clinic Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Sorin C. Man
- Mother and Child Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu,” Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai L. Neamtu
- Pediatric Clinic, Pediatric Clinic Hospital Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
- Medical Department, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Gratiana Chicin
- Preventive Medicine Department, Prophylaxis Center, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ginel Baciu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
- Saint Andrew Children Hospital Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Carmen Pitic
- General Practitioner, Private Practice, Galati, Romania
| | | | - Andrea E. Neculau
- Fundamental and Prophylactic Sciences Department, Transilvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Marin Burlea
- Department of Pediatrics, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Cristina N. Schnell
- Third Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentina Sas
- Third Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valeriu V. Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maione S, Radanova L, De Gregorio D, Luongo L, De Petrocellis L, Di Marzo V, Imming P. Effects of metabolites of the analgesic agent dipyrone (metamizol) on rostral ventromedial medulla cell activity in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 748:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
8
|
Fresno N, Pérez-Fernández R, Goicoechea C, Alkorta I, Fernández-Carvajal A, de la Torre-Martínez R, Quirce S, Ferrer-Montiel A, Martín MI, Goya P, Elguero J. Adamantyl analogues of paracetamol as potent analgesic drugs via inhibition of TRPA1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113841. [PMID: 25438056 PMCID: PMC4249970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent. We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of adamantyl analogues of paracetamol with important analgesic properties. The mechanism of nociception of compound 6a/b, an analog of paracetamol, is not exerted through direct interaction with cannabinoid receptors, nor by inhibiting COX. It behaves as an interesting selective TRPA1 channel antagonist, which may be responsible for its analgesic properties, whereas it has no effect on the TRPM8 nor TRPV1 channels. The possibility of replacing a phenyl ring by an adamantyl ring opens new avenues in other fields of medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Fresno
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Susana Quirce
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Martín
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Goya
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Acetaminophen differentially enhances social behavior and cortical cannabinoid levels in inbred mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:260-9. [PMID: 22542870 PMCID: PMC3389197 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Supratherapeutic doses of the analgesic acetaminophen (paracetomol) are reported to promote social behavior in Swiss mice. However, we hypothesized that it might not promote sociability in other strains due to cannabinoid CB(1) receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) transmission in the frontal cortex. We examined the effects of acetaminophen on social and repetitive behaviors in comparison to a cannabinoid agonist, WIN 55,212-2, in two strains of socially-deficient mice, BTBR and 129S1/SvImJ (129S). Acetaminophen (100mg/kg) enhanced social interactions in BTBR, and social novelty preference and marble burying in 129S at serum levels of ≥70 ng/ml. Following acetaminophen injection or sociability testing, anandamide (AEA) increased in BTBR frontal cortex, while behavior testing increased 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) levels in 129S frontal cortex. In contrast, WIN 55,212-2 (0.1mg/kg) did not enhance sociability. Further, we expected CB(1)-deficient (+/-) mice to be less social than wild-type, but instead found similar sociability. Given strain differences in endocannabinoid response to acetaminophen, we compared cortical CB(1) and 5-HT(1A) receptor density and function relative to sociable C57BL/6 mice. CB(1) receptor saturation binding (Bmax=958±117 fmol/mg protein), and affinity for [(3)H] CP55,940 (K(D)=3±0.8 nM) was similar in frontal cortex among strains. CP55,940-stimulated [(35)S] GTPγS binding in cingulate cortex was 136±12, 156±22, and 75±9% above basal in BTBR, 129S and C57BL/6 mice. The acetaminophen metabolite para-aminophenol (1 μM) failed to stimulate [(35)S] GTPγS binding. Hence, it appears that other indirect actions of acetaminophen, including 5-HT receptor agonism, may underlie its sociability promoting properties outweighing any CB(1) mediated suppression by locally-elevated endocannabinoids in these mice.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ogawa M, Kawasaki A, Koyama Y, Takata T. Synthesis and properties of a polyrotaxane network prepared from a Pd-templated bis-macrocycle as a topological cross-linker. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
11
|
Onnis V, Congiu C, Björklund E, Hempel F, Söderström E, Fowler CJ. Synthesis and evaluation of paracetamol esters as novel fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2286-98. [PMID: 20143779 DOI: 10.1021/jm901891p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is the key hydrolytic enzyme for the endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand anandamide. The synthesis and evaluation for their FAAH inhibitory activities of a series of 18 paracetamol esters are described. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the ester (33) with a 2-(4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-ylamino)phenyl)acetic acid substituent was the most potent analogue in this series. The compound inhibited FAAH activity in a competitive manner with a K(i) value of 0.16 microM. The compound was also able to inhibit the FAAH activity in rat basophilic leukemia cells as assessed by measuring either the hydrolysis of anandamide, the FAAH-dependent cellular accumulation of anandamide, or the FAAH-dependent recycling of tritium to the cell membranes. The compound also inhibited the activity of monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand 2-arachidonoylglycerol, with an IC(50) value of 1.9 microM. It is concluded that the compound may be a useful template for the design of potent novel inhibitors of FAAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Onnis
- Department of Toxicology, Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari I-09124, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|