Novel calcium antagonists with both calcium overload inhibition and antioxidant activity. 2. Structure-activity relationships of thiazolidinone derivatives

Thiazolidinediones: An In-Depth Study of Their Synthesis and Application to Medicinal Chemistry in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

2,4-Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is a privileged and highly utilised scaffold for the development of pharmaceutically active compounds. This sulfur-containing heterocycle is a versatile pharmacophore that confers a diverse range of pharmacological activities. TZD has been shown to exhibit biological action towards a vast range of targets interesting to medicinal chemists. In this review, we attempt to provide insight into both the historical conventional and the use of novel methodologies to synthesise the TZD core framework. Further to this, synthetic procedures utilised to substitute the TZD molecule at the activated methylene C5 and N3 position are reviewed. Finally, research into developing clinical agents, which act as modulators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and aldose reductase 2 (ALR2), are discussed. These are the three most targeted receptors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Synthesis, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral docking studies of ethyl 2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates

A series of ethyl 2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates (2a-r) was synthesized in two steps from thiosemicarbazones (1a-r), which were cyclized with ethyl bromopyruvate to ethyl 2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates (2a-r). The structures of compounds (2a-r) were established by FT-IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR. The structure of compound 2a was confirmed by HRMS. The compounds (2a-r) were then evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant assays. The antioxidant studies revealed, ethyl 2-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate (2g) and ethyl 2-(2-(1-phenylethylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate (2h) as promising antioxidant agents with %FRSA: 84.46 ± 0.13 and 74.50 ± 0.37, TAC: 269.08 ± 0.92 and 269.11 ± 0.61 and TRP: 272.34 ± 0.87 and 231.11 ± 0.67 μg AAE/mg dry weight of compound. Beside bioactivities, density functional theory (DFT) methods were used to study the electronic structure and properties of synthesized compounds (2a-m). The potential of synthesized compounds for possible antiviral targets is also predicted through molecular docking methods. The compounds 2e and 2h showed good binding affinities and inhibition constants to be considered as therapeutic target for M^pro protein of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). The present in-depth analysis of synthesized compounds will put them under the spot light for practical applications as antioxidants and the modification in structural motif may open the way for COVID-19 drug.

s-Proline Covalented Silicapropyl Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Biological and Catalytic Activity for the Synthesis of thiazolidin-4- ones

BACKGROUND

Thiazolidinoneones are important pharmaceutical compounds because of their biological activities. Several methods for the synthesis of 4-thiazolidinones are widely reported in the literature. The main synthetic routes to synthesize 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones involve three components reaction between amine, a carbonyl compound and thioglycolic acid.

OBJECTIVE

s-Proline covalented silicapropyl modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr @s-proline) were prepared. The antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticles against four bacterias was investigated that showed that 30 Mg/L of synthesized nanoparticles is a suitable concentration for bacterial inhibitory. Finally, the catalytic application of the synthesized s-Proline covalented silicapropyl modified magnetic nanoparticles for the synthesis of thiazolidinones and pyrazolyl thiazolidinones under stirring in aqueous media was evaluated. All of the synthesized organic compounds were characterized by mp, FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A combination of aldehyde (1.0 mmol), thioglycolic acid (1.0 mmol), various amines (1mmol) and 0.05 g Fe3O4@SiO2propyl@L-proline, were reacted at room temperature under stirring in 10 mL water. After completion of the reaction, as indicated by TLC (4:1 hexane: ethylacetate), the reaction mixture was filtered in the presence of an effective magnetic bar to separate the nanocatalyst. The nanocatalyst was washed with a mixture of hot EtOH: H2O two times. The crude products were collected and recrystallized from ethanol, if necessary.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

We present a novel avenue for the synthesis of thiazolidinones in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr @s-proline under solvent-free conditions.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we have synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr@s-proline nanoparticles. Their biological activity against 4 bacterias was investigated. It released that 30Mg/L is the suitable concentration of synthesized nanoparticle for bacterial inhibitory. The catalytic efficiency of the catalyst was checked in the multicomponent reaction of various aldehyde, thioglycolic acid and various amines under stirring. This nanoparticle is a new organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticle. The operational simplicity, the excellent yields of products, ease of separation and recyclability of the magnetic catalyst, waste reduction and high selectivity are the main advantages of this catalytic method. Furthermore, this new avenue is inexpensive and environmentally benign.

Urazolium diacetate as a new, efficient and reusable Brønsted acid ionic liquid for the synthesis of novel derivatives of thiazolidine-4-ones

Urazolium diacetate catalyzed synthesis of new derivatives of 1,3-thiazolidine-4-ones (azo dispersive dyes family)viamulticomponent reaction of various aldehydes, thioglycolic acid and 4-aminoazobenzene under solvent-free reaction was reported.

Quantification of the push–pull effect in 2-alkylidene-4-oxothiazolidines by using NMR spectral data and barriers to rotation around the CC bond

The rotational barriers around the CC bond are efficient parameters to quantify the strength of the push–pull effect in 2-alkylidene-4-oxothiazolidines.

Synthesis of 4-Arylidene-3-Methyl-1-(4-Phenylthiazol-2-yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5(4H)-Ones through a Four-Component Condensation

A novel method for thiazolyl-pyrazolone rings formation is established using the reaction of phenacyl bromide and thiosemicarbazide with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of aryl aldehyde to give 4-arylidene-3-methyl-1-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-ones in good yields.

An improved one-pot multicomponent strategy for the preparation of thiazoline, thiazolidinone and thiazolidinol scaffolds

A simple three-component protocol towards the synthesis of thiazoline, thiazolidinone and thiazolidinol scaffolds has been designed, and these scaffolds were conveniently synthesized with good yields.

A facile and efficient synthesis of functionalized 4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-5-ylideneacetate derivatives via a CuFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles catalyzed regioselective pathway

Nano-CuFe₂O₄ spinel has been found to exhibit strong catalytic activity in the cascade reaction involving 1,4-addition and intramolecular electrophilic cyclization in a perfectly regiocontrolled manner and a series of functionalized 4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-5-ylideneacetate derivatives were generated successfully.

Synthesis of oxazolidinofullerenes/thiazolidinofullerenes: novel reaction of [60]fullerene with isocyanates/isothiocyanates promoted by ferric perchlorate

The facile one-step reaction of [60]fullerene with isocyanates/isothiocyanates in the presence of ferric perchlorate generates a series of novel oxazolidinofullerenes/thiazolidinofullerenes.

A facile, rapid, one-pot regio/stereoselective synthesis of 2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones under solvent/scavenger-free conditions

A rapid and efficient one pot solvent/scavenger-free protocol for the synthesis of 2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones has been developed. Interestingly, the regio/stereoselective synthesis affords the regioisomeric (Z)-3-alkyl/aryl-2-(2-phenylcyclohex-2-enylimino)thiazolidin-4-one as the sole product in good yield. The selectivities observed have been rationalized based on the relative magnitude of the allylic strains developed during the course of the reaction. This is the first report wherein the impact of allylic strains in directing the regiocyclization has been noted.

Physico-Chemical Studies on the Coordination Compounds of Thiazolidin-4-One

A dry benzene solution of the Schiff base,N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3′-carboxy-2′-hydroxybenzylideneimine upon reacting with mercaptoacetic acid undergoes cyclization and formsN-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-C-(3′-carboxy-2′-hydroxyphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one, LH3(I). A MeOH solution ofIreacts with , , , and Mo ions and forms the monomeric coordination compounds, [Mn(LH)(MeOH)3] (II), [Cu(LH)(MeOH)] (III), [Zn(LH)(MeOH)] (IV), [FeCl(LH)(MeOH)2] (V), and [MoO2(LH)(MeOH)](VI). The coordination compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance, molecular weight, spectral (IR, reflectance, ESR) studies, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.Ibehaves as a dibasic tridentate OOS donor ligand in these compounds. The compounds are nonelectrolytes ( = 6.2–13.8 mho cm2 mol−1) in DMF. A square-planar structure forIII; a tetrahedral structure forIVand an octahedral structure forII,V, andVIare suggested.

(Z)-3-Benzyl-2-[(2-phenyl-cyclo-hex-2-en-yl)imino]-1,3-thia-zolidin-4-one

The title compound, C(22)H(22)N(2)OS, exists in a Z configuration with respect to the N=C bond. The cyclo-hexene ring adopts a distorted sofa conformation. The thia-zolidine ring is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.030 (2) Å, and forms dihedral angles of 76.66 (6) and 74.55 (6)° with the terminal phenyl rings. The dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 71.55 (7)°. In the crystal, a C-H⋯π inter-action is observed.

(Z)-3-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)-2-(2-phenyl-cyclo-hex-2-en-1-yl-imino)-thia-zolidin-4-one

The title compound, C₂₁H₁₉ClN₂OS, exists in a cis conformation with respect to the N=C bond [1.2608 (13) Å]. The cyclo­hexene ring adopts a distorted half-chair conformation. The thia­zolidine ring is close to being planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.057 Å) and makes dihedral angles of 62.92 (6) and 56.32 (6)°, respectively, with the benzene ring and the chloro-substituted benzene ring. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the chloro-substituted benzene ring is 72.91 (6)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into undulating sheets lying parallel to the bc plane. The crystal is further consolidated by C—H⋯π inter­actions.

(Z)-3-(4-Methyl-phen-yl)-2-[(2-phenyl-cyclo-hex-2-en-1-yl)imino]-1,3-thia-zol-idin-4-one

The title compound, C₂₂H₂₂N₂OS, exists in a cis conformation with respect to the N=C bond. The cyclo­hexene ring adopts a distorted sofa conformation. The thia­zolidine ring is essentially planar with a maximum deviation of 0.025 (2) Å and forms dihedral angles of 63.50 (7) and 57.52 (6)° with the benzene rings. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating R₂²(8) ring motifs, and forming infinite chains along the c axis. The crystal is further consolidated by C—H⋯π inter­actions.

Thiazolidin-4-one and hydrazone derivatives of capric acid as possible anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hydrogen peroxide-scavenging agents

Starting from capric acid, hydrazone and thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have been synthesized in the present investigation. Decanoic acid hydrazide was reacted appropriately to yield hydrazones, which were then cyclized to yield the corresponding thiazolidin-4-ones. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral methods. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hydrogen peroxide-scavenging activity of the title compounds were evaluated. Among synthesized compounds, 2-hydroxyphenyl thiazolidinone with 44.90% inhibition of inflammation was the most potent anti-inflammatory agent. Similarly, 4-methoxybenzylidine hydrazide with 64.90% inhibition of writhing was observed to be the most potent analgesic agent of the synthesized compounds. All the synthesized compounds exhibited potent hydrogen peroxide-scavenging activity.

Synthesis and antimicrobial study of linked heterocyclics containing Pyrazole-pyrimidine-thiazolidin-4-one

A new series of linked heterocyclics, 3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-4-pyrazolyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]-2-(aryl/heteryl)-1,3-thiazolan-4-ones (6a-j), has been synthesized by the one-pot cyclo-condensation of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-4-pyrazolyl)-2-pyrimidinamine (5), aryl/heteroaryl aldehyde and thioglycolic acid. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed via IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, MS and elemental analyses. Further, all the newly synthesized compounds 6a-j have been assayed for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The compounds containing moieties like 4-nitrophenyl (6c), 3-nitrophenyl (6d), 4-dimethylaminophenyl (6g), 2-furyl (6i) and 1,3-benzodioxole (6j), at 2-position of thiazolidin-4-one ring exhibited good inhibitory activity against all the tested organisms.