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Panda B, Albano G. Synthetic Methods for the Preparation of Conformationally Restricted Analogues of Nicotine. Molecules 2021; 26:7544. [PMID: 34946630 PMCID: PMC8706964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of naturally occurring nitrogen heterocycles, nicotine is a chiral alkaloid present in tobacco plants, which can target and stimulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), a class of ligand-gated ion channels commonly located throughout the human brain. Due to its well-known toxicity for humans, there is considerable interest in the development of synthetic analogues; in particular, conformationally restricted analogues of nicotine have emerged as promising drug molecules for selective nAChR-targeting ligands. In the present mini-review, we will describe the synthesis of the conformationally restricted analogues of nicotine involving one or more catalytic processes. In particular, we will follow a systematic approach as a function of the heteroarene structure, considering: (a) 2,3-annulated tricyclic derivatives; (b) 3,4-annulated tricyclic derivatives; (c) tetracyclic derivatives; and (d) other polycyclic derivatives. For each of them we will also consider, when carried out, biological studies on their activity for specific nAChR subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Panda
- Department of Chemistry, City College, 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Parvatkar PT, Kadam HK, Tilve SG. Intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction as a key step in tandem or sequential processes: a versatile tool for the synthesis of fused and bridged bicyclic or polycyclic compounds. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Crestey F, Hooyberghs G, Kristensen JL. Concise synthesis of new bridged-nicotine analogues. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhang Z, Dwoskin LP, Crooks PA. Expeditious synthesis of cis-1-methyl-2, 3,3 a,4,5,9 b-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo-[3,2 h]isoquinoline / [2,3- f]quinoline via azomethine ylide-alkene [3+2] cycloaddition. Tetrahedron Lett 2011; 52:2667-2669. [PMID: 23908558 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Expeditious syntheses of cis-1-methyl-2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo-[3,2h]isoquinoline /[2,3-f]]quinoline have been developed. The syntheses started with commercially available material and afforded excellent overall yields in straightforward steps. Intramolecular azomethine ylide-alkene [3+2] cycloaddition is the key step in the construction of these pyrroloisoquinoline and pyrroloquinoline scaffolds. This route is much more atom-economic than those reported in the literature and appropriate for scale-up synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfa Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Shevchenko NE, Vlasov K, Nenajdenko VG, Röschenthaler GV. The reaction of cyclic imines with the Ruppert–Prakash reagent. Facile approach to α-trifluoromethylated nornicotine, anabazine, and homoanabazine. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ondachi PW, Comins DL. Synthesis of fused-ring nicotine derivatives from (S)-nicotine. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1706-16. [PMID: 20141225 DOI: 10.1021/jo9026929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel fused-ring bicyclic (4-6) and tricyclic (7-10) nicotine derivatives from natural (S)-nicotine are described. Enantiopure bicyclic dioxino, dihydrofuro, and dihydropyranol nicotine derivatives as well as tricylic benzofuro and benzopyran derivatives were synthesized from simple alkoxy or halonicotine intermediates. Attempts to synthesize furonicotines (11, 12) resulted in formation of the furonicotine dimers 42 and 49.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline W Ondachi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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Mukherjee S, Jana GP, Ghorai BK. Synthesis of isoquinolines through the coupling of Fischer carbene complexes with o-alkynylpyridine carbonyl derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Demers S, Stevenson H, Candler J, Bashore CG, Arnold EP, O’Neill BT, Coe JW. Pyridine analogs of (−)-cytisine and varenicline: cholinergic receptor probes. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sang Y, Zhao J, Jia X, Zhai H. Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Pyrido[3,4-b]homotropane. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3589-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8002425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Sang
- Laboratory of Modern Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200436, China, and The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 College Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingrui Zhao
- Laboratory of Modern Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200436, China, and The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 College Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- Laboratory of Modern Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200436, China, and The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 College Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- Laboratory of Modern Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200436, China, and The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 College Road, Beijing 100083, China
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Yang X, Luo S, Fang F, Liu P, Lu Y, He M, Zhai H. Synthesis of conformationally restricted nicotine analogues by intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Liu SZ, Tang GS, Wang J, Li XH. Synthesis, Characterization, and Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reaction Tandem Dehydroaromatization of a Diene-diyne. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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