1
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Todorovic M, Blanc A, Wang Z, Lozada J, Froelich J, Zeisler J, Zhang C, Merkens H, Benard F, Perrin DM. 5-Hydroxypyrroloindoline Affords Tryptathionine and 2,2'-bis-Indole Peptide Staples: Application to Melanotan-II. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304270. [PMID: 38285527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
With peptides increasingly favored as drugs, natural product motifs, namely the tryptathionine staple, found in amatoxins and phallotoxins, and the 2,2'-bis-indole found in staurosporine represent unexplored staples for unnatural peptide macrocycles. We disclose the efficient condensation of a 5-hydroxypyrroloindoline with either a cysteine-thiol or a tryptophan-indole to form a tryptathionine or 2-2'-bis-indole staple. Judicious use of protecting groups provides for chemoselective stapling using α-MSH, which provides a basis for investigating both chemoselectivity and affinity. Both classes of stapled peptides show nanomolar Ki's, with one showing a sub-nanomolar Ki value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihajlo Todorovic
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Antoine Blanc
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhou Wang
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jerome Lozada
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Juliette Froelich
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1 L3, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1 L3, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1 L3, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francois Benard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1 L3, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David M Perrin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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2
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Yao G, Kosol S, Wenz MT, Irran E, Keller BG, Trapp O, Süssmuth RD. The occurrence of ansamers in the synthesis of cyclic peptides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6488. [PMID: 36310176 PMCID: PMC9618573 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amanitin is a bicyclic octapeptide composed of a macrolactam with a tryptathionine cross-link forming a handle. Previously, the occurrence of isomers of amanitin, termed atropisomers has been postulated. Although the total synthesis of α-amanitin has been accomplished this aspect still remains unsolved. We perform the synthesis of amanitin analogs, accompanied by in-depth spectroscopic, crystallographic and molecular dynamics studies. The data unambiguously confirms the synthesis of two amatoxin-type isomers, for which we propose the term ansamers. The natural structure of the P-ansamer can be ansa-selectively synthesized using an optimized synthetic strategy. We believe that the here described terminology does also have implications for many other peptide structures, e.g. norbornapeptides, lasso peptides, tryptorubins and others, and helps to unambiguously describe conformational isomerism of cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Yao
- grid.6734.60000 0001 2292 8254Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Simone Kosol
- grid.6734.60000 0001 2292 8254Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius T. Wenz
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- grid.6734.60000 0001 2292 8254Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina G. Keller
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.429508.20000 0004 0491 677XMax-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- grid.6734.60000 0001 2292 8254Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Unsworth WP, Stephens TC. Strategies for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Macrocycles and Medium‐Sized Rings. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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4
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Kobayashi D, Kuraoka E, Hayashi J, Yasuda T, Kohmura Y, Denda M, Harada N, Inagaki N, Otaka A. S-Protected Cysteine Sulfoxide-Enabled Tryptophan-Selective Modification with Application to Peptide Lipidation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1125-1130. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daishiro Kobayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kuraoka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Junya Hayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takuma Yasuda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kohmura
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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5
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White AM, Palombi IR, Malins LR. Umpolung strategies for the functionalization of peptides and proteins. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2809-2823. [PMID: 35382479 PMCID: PMC8905898 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Umpolung strategies, defined as synthetic approaches which reverse commonly accepted reactivity patterns, are broadly recognized as enabling tools for small molecule synthesis and catalysis. However, methods which exploit this logic for peptide and protein functionalizations are comparatively rare, with the overwhelming majority of existing bioconjugation approaches relying on the well-established reactivity profiles of a handful of amino acids. This perspective serves to highlight a small but growing body of recent work that masterfully capitalizes on the concept of polarity reversal for the selective modification of proteinogenic functionalities. Current applications of umpolung chemistry in organic synthesis and chemical biology as well as the vast potential for further innovations in peptide and protein modification will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M White
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Isabella R Palombi
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Lara R Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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6
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Dahiya S, Dahiya R, Fuloria NK, Mourya R, Dahiya S, Fuloria S, Kumar S, Shrivastava J, Saharan R, Chennupati SV, Patel JK. Natural Bridged Bicyclic Peptide Macrobiomolecules from Celosia argentea and Amanita phalloides. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1772-1788. [PMID: 35049431 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220113122117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bridged peptide macrobicycles (BPMs) from natural resources belong to types of compounds that are not investigated fully in terms of their formation, pharmacological potential and stereo-chemical properties. This division of biologically active congeners with multiple circular rings, has merits over other varieties of peptide molecules. BPMs form one of the most hopeful grounds for establishment of drugs because of their close resemblance and biocompatibility to proteins, and these bio-actives are debated as feasible realistic tools in diverse biomedical applications. Despite huge potential, poor metabolic stability and cell permeability limit the therapeutic success of macrocyclic peptides. In this review, we have comprehensively explored major bicyclic peptides sourced from plants and mushrooms including βs-leucyl-tryptophano-histidine bridged and tryptophano-cysteine bridged peptide macrobicycles. The unique structural features, structure activity relationship, synthetic routes, bioproperties and therapeutic potential of the natural BPMs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Dahiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Rita Mourya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Lakshmi Narain College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Dahiya
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharat Institute of Pharmacy, Babain, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Jyoti Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Oxford College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Renu Saharan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University, Mullana, Am-bala, Haryana, India
| | - Suresh V Chennupati
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Jayvadan K Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nootan Pharmacy College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar-384315, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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7
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Kobayashi D, Kohmura Y, Hayashi J, Denda M, Tsuchiya K, Otaka A. Copper(II)-mediated C-H sulphenylation or selenylation of tryptophan enabling macrocyclization of peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10763-10766. [PMID: 34585682 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04856b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu(II)-mediated C-H sulphenylation or selenylation of Trp indole by a derivative of cysteine or selenocysteine enables access to the tryptathionine unit or its selenium congener. The mechanism of these protocols, which allow macrocyclization of Trp-containing peptides, has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daishiro Kobayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Kohmura
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Junya Hayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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8
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Swain JA, Walker SR, Calvert MB, Brimble MA. The tryptophan connection: cyclic peptide natural products linked via the tryptophan side chain. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:410-443. [PMID: 34581375 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: from 1938 up to March 2021The electron-rich indole side chain of tryptophan is a versatile substrate for peptide modification. Upon the action of various cyclases, the tryptophan side chain may be linked to a nearby amino acid residue, opening the door to a diverse range of cyclic peptide natural products. These compounds exhibit a wide array of biological activity and possess fascinating molecular architectures, which have made them popular targets for total synthesis studies. This review examines the isolation and bioactivity of tryptophan-linked cyclic peptide natural products, along with a discussion of their first total synthesis, and biosynthesis where this has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Swain
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen R Walker
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew B Calvert
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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9
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Yao G, Knittel CH, Kosol S, Wenz MT, Keller BG, Gruß H, Braun AC, Lutz C, Hechler T, Pahl A, Süssmuth RD. Iodine-Mediated Tryptathionine Formation Facilitates the Synthesis of Amanitins. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14322-14331. [PMID: 34459587 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic methods on the macrocyclization of peptides are of high interest since they facilitate the synthesis of various types of potentially bioactive compounds, e.g. addressing targets like protein-protein-interactions. Herein, we report on an efficient method to construct tryptathionine-cross-links in peptides between the amino acids Trp and Cys. This reaction not only is the basis for the total synthesis of the death cap toxin α-amanitin but also provides rapid access to various new amanitin analogues. This study for the first time presents a systematic compilation of structure-activity relations (SAR) of amatoxins with regard to RNA polymerase II inhibition and cytotoxicity with one amanitin derivative of superior RNAP II inhibition. The present approach paves the way for the synthesis of structurally diverse amatoxins as future payloads for antibody-toxin conjugates in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Yao
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline H Knittel
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Kosol
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius T Wenz
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina G Keller
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Gruß
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 22, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra C Braun
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 22, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lutz
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 22, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hechler
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 22, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Pahl
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 22, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Kobayashi D, Kohmura Y, Sugiki T, Kuraoka E, Denda M, Fujiwara T, Otaka A. Peptide Cyclization Mediated by Metal-Free S-Arylation: S-Protected Cysteine Sulfoxide as an Umpolung of the Cysteine Nucleophile. Chemistry 2021; 27:14092-14099. [PMID: 34302308 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Covalent linking of side chains provides a method to produce cyclic or stapled peptides that are important in developing peptide-based drugs. A variety of crosslinking formats contribute to fixing the active conformer and prolonging its biological activity under physiological conditions. One format uses the cysteine thiol to participate in crosslinking through nucleophilic thiolate anions or thiyl radicals to form thioether and disulfide bonds. Removal of the S-protection from an S-protected Cys derivative generates the thiol, which functions as a nucleophile. S-Oxidation of a protected Cys allows the formation of a sulfoxide that operates as an umpolung electrophile. Herein, the applicability of S-p-methoxybenzyl Cys sulfoxide (Cys(MBzl)(O)) to the formation of a thioether linkage between tryptophan and Cys has been investigated. The reaction of peptides containing Cys(MBzl)(O) and Trp with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) or methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in TFA in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride (Gn ⋅ HCl) proceeded to give cyclic or stapled peptides possessing the Cys-Trp thioether linkage. In this reaction, strong acids such as TFMSA or MSA are necessary to activate the sulfoxide. Additionally, Gn ⋅ HCl plays a critical role in producing an electrophilic Cys derivative that combines with the indole by aromatic electrophilic substitution. The findings led us to conclude that the less-electrophilic Cys(MBzl)(O) serves as an acid-activated umpolung of a Cys nucleophile and is useful for S-arylation-mediated peptide cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daishiro Kobayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kohmura
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sugiki
- Institute of Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kuraoka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Fujiwara
- Institute of Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
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11
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Lutz C, Simon W, Werner‐Simon S, Pahl A, Müller C. Totalsynthese von α‐ und β‐Amanitin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lutz
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH Department of Chemistry 68529 Ladenburg Deutschland
| | - Werner Simon
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH Department of Chemistry 68529 Ladenburg Deutschland
| | - Susanne Werner‐Simon
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH Department of Chemistry 68529 Ladenburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Pahl
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH Department of Chemistry 68529 Ladenburg Deutschland
| | - Christoph Müller
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH Department of Chemistry 68529 Ladenburg Deutschland
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12
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Lutz C, Simon W, Werner‐Simon S, Pahl A, Müller C. Total Synthesis of α‐ and β‐Amanitin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11390-11393. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lutz
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH Department of Chemistry 68529 Ladenburg Germany
| | - Werner Simon
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH Department of Chemistry 68529 Ladenburg Germany
| | | | - Andreas Pahl
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH Department of Chemistry 68529 Ladenburg Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH Department of Chemistry 68529 Ladenburg Germany
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13
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Siegert MJ, Knittel CH, Süssmuth RD. A Convergent Total Synthesis of the Death Cap Toxin α-Amanitin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5500-5504. [PMID: 31846557 PMCID: PMC7154671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The toxic bicyclic octapeptide α-amanitin is mostly found in different species of the mushroom genus Amanita, with the death cap (Amanita phalloides) as one of the most prominent members. Due to its high selective inhibition of RNA polymerase II, which is directly linked to its high toxicity, particularly to hepatocytes, α-amanitin received an increased attention as a toxin-component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) in cancer research. Furthermore, the isolation of α-amanitin from mushrooms as the sole source severely restricts compound supply as well as further investigations, as structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Based on a straightforward access to the non-proteinogenic amino acid dihydroxyisoleucine, we herein present a robust total synthesis of α-amanitin providing options for production at larger scale as well as future structural diversifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary‐Ann J. Siegert
- Institute of ChemistryTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 12410623BerlinGermany
| | - Caroline H. Knittel
- Institute of ChemistryTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 12410623BerlinGermany
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Institute of ChemistryTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 12410623BerlinGermany
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14
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Siegert MJ, Knittel CH, Süssmuth RD. Eine konvergente Totalsynthese des Pilztoxins α‐Amanitin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary‐Ann J. Siegert
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Caroline H. Knittel
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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15
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Merritt HI, Sawyer N, Arora PS. Bent Into Shape: Folded Peptides to Mimic Protein Structure and Modulate Protein Function. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020; 112:e24145. [PMID: 33575525 PMCID: PMC7875438 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein secondary and tertiary structure mimics have served as model systems to probe biophysical parameters that guide protein folding and as attractive reagents to modulate protein interactions. Here we review contemporary methods to reproduce loop, helix, sheet and coiled-coil conformations in short peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paramjit S. Arora
- Department of Chemistry New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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16
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Thombare VJ, Holden JA, Reynolds EC, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Hutton CA. Celogentin mimetics as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. J Pept Sci 2019; 26:e3239. [PMID: 31847053 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic analogues of celogentin C have been synthesized in which the side chain-side chain cross-links are replaced by thioether bonds. Several of the simplified bicyclic peptides displayed potent inhibition of tubulin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha J Thombare
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James A Holden
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Melbourne Dental School and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Melbourne Dental School and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Melbourne Dental School and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Craig A Hutton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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17
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Pahl A, Lutz C, Hechler T. Amatoxins as RNA Polymerase II Inhibiting Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads. CYTOTOXIC PAYLOADS FOR ANTIBODY – DRUG CONJUGATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788012898-00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Amatoxins are a group of natural toxins which occur in the death cap mushroom (Amanita phalloides). They work by inhibiting RNA polymerase II, which results in apoptosis. RNA-polymerase II inhibition is a novel mechanism of action in cancer therapy and offers the possibility of breaking through drug resistance or destroying dormant tumour cells, which could produce major clinical advances. Amanitin, as the most potent member of this toxin family, has been made accessible for cancer therapy by developing it as a payload for antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). This chapter describes the discovery and chemistry of the amatoxins, and the development of the amanitin-ADC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pahl
- Heidelberg Pharma Schriesheimer Str. 101 68526 Ladenburg Germany
| | - Christian Lutz
- Heidelberg Pharma Schriesheimer Str. 101 68526 Ladenburg Germany
| | - Torsten Hechler
- Heidelberg Pharma Schriesheimer Str. 101 68526 Ladenburg Germany
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18
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Abstract
This Review is devoted to the chemistry of macrocyclic peptides having heterocyclic fragments in their structure. These motifs are present in many natural products and synthetic macrocycles designed against a particular biochemical target. Thiazole and oxazole are particularly common constituents of naturally occurring macrocyclic peptide molecules. This frequency of occurrence is because the thiazole and oxazole rings originate from cysteine, serine, and threonine residues. Whereas other heteroaryl groups are found less frequently, they offer many insightful lessons that range from conformational control to receptor/ligand interactions. Many options to develop new and improved technologies to prepare natural products have appeared in recent years, and the synthetic community has been pursuing synthetic macrocycles that have no precedent in nature. This Review attempts to summarize progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Smolyar
- Department of Chemistry , Moscow State University , Leninskije Gory , 199991 Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry , Moscow State University , Leninskije Gory , 199991 Moscow , Russia
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19
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Yao G, Joswig J, Keller BG, Süssmuth RD. Total Synthesis of the Death Cap Toxin Phalloidin: Atropoisomer Selectivity Explained by Molecular‐Dynamics Simulations. Chemistry 2019; 25:8030-8034. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Yao
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jan‐Oliver Joswig
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bettina G. Keller
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Germany
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20
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Taylor CM, Kutty SK, Edagwa BJ. Total Synthesis of Alloviroidin. Org Lett 2019; 21:2281-2284. [PMID: 30859823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alloviroidin is a cyclic heptapeptide, produced by several species of Amanita mushrooms, that demonstrates high affinity for F-actin as is characteristic of virotoxins and phallotoxins. Alloviroidin was synthesized via a [3 + 4] fragment condensation of Fmoc-d-Thr(OTBS)-d-Ser(OTBS)-(2 S,3 R,4 R)-DHPro(OTBS)2-OH and H-Ala-Trp(2-SO2Me)-(2 S,4 S)-DHLeu(5-OTBS)-Val-OMe to form bond A. The linear heptapeptide favored a turn conformation, facilitating cyclization between Val1 and d-Thr2 (position B). Global deprotection and HPLC purification afforded alloviroidin with NMR spectra in excellent agreement with the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Taylor
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Samuel K Kutty
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
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21
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Blanc A, Todorovic M, Perrin DM. Solid-phase synthesis of a novel phalloidin analog with on-bead and off-bead actin-binding activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:385-388. [PMID: 30540302 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Specific effectors of actin polymerization have found use as dynamic probes of cellular morphology that may be used to gauge cellular response to stimuli and drugs. Of various natural products that target actin, phalloidin is one of the most potent and selective inhibitors of actin depolymerization. Phalloidin and related members of the phallotoxin family are macrocyclic heptapeptides bearing a characteristic and rigidifying transannular tryptathionine bridge. Here we describe a solid-phase synthesis of a new phalloidin analog as a prototype for library development with the potential for on- and off-bead screening. To validate our method, we labelled the phalloidin derivative with a fluorescent dye which stained actin in CHO cells. Furthermore, a bioassay was developed allowing actin polymerization on beads carrying a phalloidin derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Blanc
- Chemistry Department, UBC, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T-1Z1, Canada.
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22
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Matinkhoo K, Pryyma A, Todorovic M, Patrick BO, Perrin DM. Synthesis of the Death-Cap Mushroom Toxin α-Amanitin. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6513-6517. [PMID: 29561592 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
α-Amanitin is an extremely toxic bicyclic octapeptide isolated from the death-cap mushroom, Amanita phalloides. As a potent inhibitor of RNA polymerase II, α-amanitin is toxic to eukaryotic cells. Recent interest in α-amanitin arises from its promise as a payload for antibody-drug conjugates. For over 60 years, A. phalloides has been the only source of α-amanitin. Here we report a synthesis of α-amanitin, which surmounts the key challenges for installing the 6-hydroxy-tryptathionine sulfoxide bridge, enantioselective synthesis of (2 S,3 R,4 R)-4,5-dihydroxy-isoleucine, and diastereoselective sulfoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Matinkhoo
- Chemistry Department , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T-1Z1 , Canada
| | - Alla Pryyma
- Chemistry Department , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T-1Z1 , Canada
| | - Mihajlo Todorovic
- Chemistry Department , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T-1Z1 , Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Chemistry Department , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T-1Z1 , Canada
| | - David M Perrin
- Chemistry Department , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T-1Z1 , Canada
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha J. Thombare
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
| | - Craig A. Hutton
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
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24
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Voss C, Schmitt B, Werner-Simon S, Lutz C, Simon W, Anderl J. A novel, non-radioactive eukaryotic in vitro transcription assay for sensitive quantification of RNA polymerase II activity. BMC Mol Biol 2014; 15:7. [PMID: 24694320 PMCID: PMC4021065 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-15-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies of the eukaryotic transcription mechanism and its regulation rely on in vitro assays. Conventional RNA polymerase II transcription assays are based on radioactive labelling of the newly synthesized RNA. Due to the inefficient in vitro transcription, the detection of the RNA involving purification and gel electrophoresis is laborious and not always quantitative. Results Herein, we describe a new, non-radioactive, robust and reproducible eukaryotic in vitro transcription assay that has been established in our laboratory. Upon transcription, the newly synthesized RNA is directly detected and quantified using the QuantiGene assay. Alternatively, the RNA can be purified and a primer extension followed by PCR detection or qPCR quantification can be performed. When applied to assess the activity of RNA polymerase II inhibitors, this new method allowed an accurate estimation of their relative potency. Conclusions Our novel assay provides a non-radioactive alternative to a standard in vitro transcription assay that allows for sensitive detection and precise quantification of the newly transcribed, unlabelled RNA and is particularly useful for quantification of strong transcriptional inhibitors like α-amanitin. Moreover, the method can be easily adapted to quantify the reaction yield and the transcription efficiency of other eukaryotic in vitro systems, thus providing a complementary tool for the field of transcriptional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Voss
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Heidelberg-Pharma GmbH, Schriesheimer Str, 101, Ladenburg D-68526, Germany.
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25
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Torres-García C, Díaz M, Blasi D, Farràs I, Fernández I, Ariza X, Farràs J, Lloyd-Williams P, Royo M, Nicolás E. Side Chain Anchoring of Tryptophan to Solid Supports Using a Dihydropyranyl Handle: Synthesis of Brevianamide F. Int J Pept Res Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-011-9274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson J. Edagwa
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Carol M. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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27
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Csomós P, Fodor L, Bernáth G, Csámpai A, Sohár P. An expeditious synthesis for γ-carboline analogue 4-aryl-1,3-thiazino[6,5-b]indole derivatives via the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-promoted isomerization of 3-amidomethylthioindole intermediates to 2-indolyl sulfides. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Androsov DA. Synthesis of 1,1-Dialkylindolium-2-thiolates via Base-Induced Transformation of 4-(2-Chloro-5-nitrophenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole in the Presence of Secondary Amines. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8612-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801801y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Androsov
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403
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29
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May JP, Perrin DM. Intraannular Savige-Fontana reaction: one-step conversion of one class of monocyclic peptides into another class of bicyclic peptides. Chemistry 2008; 14:3404-9. [PMID: 18283698 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclisation and cross-linking strategies are important for the synthesis of cyclic and bicyclic peptides. These macrolactams are of great interest due to their increased biological activity compared to linear analogues. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a cyclic peptide containing an Hpi toxicophore, reminiscent of phakellistatins and omphalotins. The first intraannular cross-linking of such a peptide is then presented: using neat TFA to catalyse a Savige-Fontana tryptathionylation, the Hpi-containing peptide is converted to a bicyclic amatoxin analogue. As such, this methodology represents an efficient cyclisation method for cross-linking peptides and exposes a heretofore unrealised relationship between two different classes of peptide natural products. This finding increases the degree of potential chemical space for library generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P May
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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30
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31
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Abstract
The tryptathionine linkage is a crosslink formed between tryptophan and cysteine. This feature is characteristic of the bicyclic peptides: the phallotoxins and the amatoxins. These peptides both bind to protein folds of their respective targets (F-actin and RNA pol II, respectively) with extremely high affinities. Studies on these peptides have shown that the tryptathionine crosslink is essential for this binding affinity. Tryptathionines have been investigated for many years and several syntheses exist for their formation. In this review, we report on the various methodologies employed in tryptathionine synthesis, and discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with each of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P May
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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32
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Schuresko LA, Lokey RS. A practical solid-phase synthesis of Glu7-phalloidin and entry into fluorescent F-actin-binding reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3547-9. [PMID: 17385816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Schuresko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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33
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Schuresko L, Lokey R. A Practical Solid-Phase Synthesis of Glu7-Phalloidin and Entry into Fluorescent F-Actin-Binding Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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