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Chinthapally K, Blagg BSJ, Ashfeld BL. Syntheses of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Lysobisphosphatidic Acid Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10523-10530. [PMID: 35895907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed significant achievements in the field of organic chemistry, which have led to new drugs and the discovery of new and biologically interesting molecules. Herein, we describe a practical and efficient approach to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure and diverse lysobisphosphatidic acid analogues. The key feature of the synthesis is a one-pot, sequential phosphorylation of a protected sn-2-O-oleoyl glycerol or sn-3-O-oleoyl glycerol with 2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite, followed by oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Chinthapally
- Warren Family Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Warren Family Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brandon L Ashfeld
- Warren Family Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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2
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Synthesis of Phosphatidyl Glycerol Containing Unsymmetric Acyl Chains Using H-Phosphonate Methodology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072199. [PMID: 35408598 PMCID: PMC9000858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring phospholipids, such as phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), are gaining interest due to the roles they play in disease mechanisms. To elucidate the metabolism of PG, an optically pure material is required, but this is unfortunately not commercially available. Our previous PG synthesis route utilized phosphoramidite methodology that addressed issues surrounding fatty acid substrate scope and glycerol backbone modifications prior to headgroup phosphorylation, but faltered in the reproducibility of the overall pathway due to purification challenges. Herein, we present a robust pathway to optically pure PG in fewer steps, utilizing H-phosphonates that features a chromatographically friendly and stable triethyl ammonium H-phosphonate salt. Our route is also amendable to the simultaneous installation of different acyl chains, either saturated or unsaturated, on the glycerol backbone.
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3
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Aoyagi Y, Nomura S, Horiba K, Shikano R, Omura Y, Omiya H, Fukuzawa S, Yano R, Williams RM, Takeya K, Hitotsuyanagi Y. Lipase TL®-mediated kinetic resolution of glycerol analogues: Efficient convergent route to both enantiomeric glycerol units. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Struzik ZJ, Weerts AN, Storch J, Thompson DH. Stereospecific synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol using a cyanoethyl phosphoramidite precursor. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 231:104933. [PMID: 32533981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerols (PG) are a family of naturally occurring phospholipids that are responsible for critical operations within cells. PG are characterized by an (R) configuration in the diacyl glycerol backbone and an (S) configuration in the phosphoglycerol head group. Herein, we report a synthetic route to provide control over the PG stereocenters as well as control of the acyl chain identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Struzik
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Ashley N Weerts
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - David H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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5
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Abe M, Hasegawa Y, Oku M, Sawada Y, Tanaka E, Sakai Y, Miyoshi H. Mechanism for Remodeling of the Acyl Chain Composition of Cardiolipin Catalyzed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tafazzin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15491-502. [PMID: 27268057 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of the acyl chains of cardiolipin (CL) is responsible for final molecular composition of mature CL after de novo CL synthesis in mitochondria. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes tafazzin-mediated CL remodeling, in which tafazzin serves as a transacylase from phospholipids to monolyso-CL (MLCL). In light of the diversity of the acyl compositions of mature CL between different organisms, the mechanism underlying tafazzin-mediated transacylation remains to be elucidated. We investigated the mechanism responsible for transacylation using purified S. cerevisiae tafazzin with liposomes composed of various sets of acyl donors and acceptors. The results revealed that tafazzin efficiently catalyzes transacylation in liposomal membranes with highly ordered lipid bilayer structure. Tafazzin elicited unique acyl chain specificity against phosphatidylcholine (PC) as follows: linoleoyl (18:2) > oleoyl (18:1) = palmitoleoyl (16:1) ≫ palmitoyl (16:0). In these reactions, tafazzin selectively removed the sn-2 acyl chain of PC and transferred it into the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of MLCL isomers at equivalent rates. We demonstrated for the first time that MLCL and dilyso-CL have inherent abilities to function as an acyl donor to monolyso-PC and acyl acceptor from PC, respectively. Furthermore, a Barth syndrome-associated tafazzin mutant (H77Q) was shown to completely lack the catalytic activity in our assay. It is difficult to reconcile the present results with the so-called thermodynamic remodeling hypothesis, which premises that tafazzin reacylates MLCL by unsaturated acyl chains only in disordered non-bilayer lipid domain. The acyl specificity of tafazzin may be one of the factors that determine the acyl composition of mature CL in S. cerevisiae mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Abe
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yui Hasegawa
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahide Oku
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawada
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eriko Tanaka
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakai
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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6
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Pribasnig MA, Mrak I, Grabner GF, Taschler U, Knittelfelder O, Scherz B, Eichmann TO, Heier C, Grumet L, Kowaliuk J, Romauch M, Holler S, Anderl F, Wolinski H, Lass A, Breinbauer R, Marsche G, Brown JM, Zimmermann R. α/β Hydrolase Domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) Degrades the Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Lipid Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29869-81. [PMID: 26491015 PMCID: PMC4705992 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α/β Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) can act as monoacylglycerol hydrolase and is believed to play a role in endocannabinoid signaling as well as in the pathogenesis of obesity and liver steatosis. However, the mechanistic link between gene function and disease is incompletely understood. Here we aimed to further characterize the role of ABHD6 in lipid metabolism. We show that mouse and human ABHD6 degrade bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) with high specific activity. BMP, also known as lysobisphosphatidic acid, is enriched in late endosomes/lysosomes, where it plays a key role in the formation of intraluminal vesicles and in lipid sorting. Up to now, little has been known about the catabolism of this lipid. Our data demonstrate that ABHD6 is responsible for ∼90% of the BMP hydrolase activity detected in the liver and that knockdown of ABHD6 increases hepatic BMP levels. Tissue fractionation and live-cell imaging experiments revealed that ABHD6 co-localizes with late endosomes/lysosomes. The enzyme is active at cytosolic pH and lacks acid hydrolase activity, implying that it degrades BMP exported from acidic organelles or de novo-formed BMP. In conclusion, our data suggest that ABHD6 controls BMP catabolism and is therefore part of the late endosomal/lysosomal lipid-sorting machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Pribasnig
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irina Mrak
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot F Grabner
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Scherz
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Heier
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Grumet
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jakob Kowaliuk
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Romauch
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Felix Anderl
- the University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gunther Marsche
- the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - J Mark Brown
- the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,
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7
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Stemper J, Isaac K, Pastor J, Frison G, Retailleau P, Voituriez A, Betzer J, Marinetti A. Development of Chiral Phosphoric Acids based on Ferrocene‐Bridged Paracyclophane Frameworks. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Stemper
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Centre de Recherche de Gif, 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France, Fax: (+33)‐1‐6907‐7247
| | - Kévin Isaac
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Centre de Recherche de Gif, 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France, Fax: (+33)‐1‐6907‐7247
| | - Julien Pastor
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Department of Chemistry, Ecole Polytechnique and CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Frison
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Department of Chemistry, Ecole Polytechnique and CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Centre de Recherche de Gif, 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France, Fax: (+33)‐1‐6907‐7247
| | - Arnaud Voituriez
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Centre de Recherche de Gif, 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France, Fax: (+33)‐1‐6907‐7247
| | - Jean‐François Betzer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Centre de Recherche de Gif, 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France, Fax: (+33)‐1‐6907‐7247
| | - Angela Marinetti
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Centre de Recherche de Gif, 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France, Fax: (+33)‐1‐6907‐7247
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8
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Tan HH, Makino A, Sudesh K, Greimel P, Kobayashi T. Spectroscopic Evidence for the Unusual Stereochemical Configuration of an Endosome-Specific Lipid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Tan HH, Makino A, Sudesh K, Greimel P, Kobayashi T. Spectroscopic Evidence for the Unusual Stereochemical Configuration of an Endosome-Specific Lipid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:533-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Bis (monoacylglycero) phosphate interfacial properties and lipolysis by pancreatic lipase-related protein 2, an enzyme present in THP-1 human monocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:419-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Goursot A, Mineva T, Bissig C, Gruenberg J, Salahub DR. Structure, dynamics, and energetics of lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) isomers. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15712-20. [PMID: 21053942 DOI: 10.1021/jp108361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA), or bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate, is a very interesting lipid, that is mainly found in late endosomes. It has several intriguing characteristics, which differ from those of other animal glycerophospholipids, that may be related to its specific functions, particularly in the metabolism of cholesterol. Its phosphodiester group is bonded at the sn-1 (sn-1') positions of the glycerols rather than at sn-3 (sn-3'); the position of the two fatty acid chains is still under debate but, increasingly, arguments favor the sn-2, sn-2' position in the native molecule, whereas isolation procedures or acidic conditions lead to the thermodynamically more stable sn-3, sn-3' structure. Because of these peculiar features, it can be expected that LBPA shape and interactions with membrane lipids and proteins are related to its structure at the molecular level. We applied quantum mechanical methods to study the structures and stabilities of the 2,2' and 3,3' LBPA isomers, using a step-by-step procedure from glycerol to precursors (in vitro syntheses) and to the final isoforms. The structures of the two positional LBPA isomers are substantially different, showing that the binding positions of the fatty acid chains on the glycerol backbone determine the shape of the LBPA molecule and thus, possibly, its functions. The 3,3' LBPA structures obtained are more stable with respect to the 2,2' form, as expected from experiment. If one argues that the in vivo synthesis starts from the present glycerol conformers and considering the most stable bis(glycero)phosphate structures, the 2,2' isoform should be the most probable isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goursot
- UMR 5253 CNRS/ENSCM/UM2/UM1 Ecole de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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12
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Kolodyazhnaya AO, Kolodyazhnaya OO, Kolodyazhnyi OI. An efficient method for the phosphonation of C=X compounds. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363210040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Abe M, Kitsuda S, Ohyama S, Koubori S, Murai M, Miyoshi H. Concise procedure for the synthesis of cardiolipins having different fatty acid combinations. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Best MD, Zhang H, Prestwich GD. Inositol polyphosphates, diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate lipids: Structure, synthesis, and development of probes for studying biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1403-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b923844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Rowland MM, Best MD. Modular synthesis of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate for convenient access to analogues bearing hydrocarbon and perdeuterated acyl chains of varying length. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Smith MD, Gong D, Sudhahar CG, Reno JC, Stahelin RV, Best MD. Synthesis and convenient functionalization of azide-labeled diacylglycerol analogues for modular access to biologically active lipid probes. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1855-63. [PMID: 18683963 DOI: 10.1021/bc8001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell membrane lipids have been identified as key participants in cell signaling activities. One important role is their involvement as site-specific ligands in protein-membrane binding interactions, which result in the anchoring of peripheral proteins onto cellular membranes. These events generally regulate protein function and localization and have been implicated in both normal physiological processes and those pertaining to disease state onset. Thus, it is important to elucidate the details of interactions at the molecular level, such as lipid-binding specificities and affinities, the location of receptor binding domains and multivalency in binding. For this purpose, we have designed and developed azido-tagged lipid analogues as conveniently functionalizable lipid probe scaffolds. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of the initial structure of this type, diacylglycerol analogue 2, which contains an azide tag at the sn-1 position of the lipid headgroup. Direct functionalization of this compound with a range of reporter groups has been performed to illustrate the facile access to probes of use for characterizing binding. Quantitative lipid-binding studies using protein kinase C, a known DAG-binding receptor, demonstrate that these probes are active mimetics of natural DAG. Thus, these DAG probes will serve as robust sensors for studies aimed at understanding binding interactions and as precursors for the development of analogous probes of more complex phospholipids and glycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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17
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Retra K, Bleijerveld OB, van Gestel RA, Tielens AGM, van Hellemond JJ, Brouwers JF. A simple and universal method for the separation and identification of phospholipid molecular species. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1853-62. [PMID: 18470873 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in lipidomics is to obtain as much information about the lipidome as possible. Here, we present a simple yet universal high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) method to separate molecular species of all phospholipid classes in one single run. The method is sensitive, robust and allows lipid profiling using full scan mass spectrometry, as well as lipid class specific scanning in positive and negative ionisation mode. This allows high-throughput processing of samples for lipidomics, even if different types of MS analysis are required. Excellent separation of isobaric and even isomeric species is achieved, and original levels of lyso-lipids can be determined without interference from lyso-lipids formed from diacyl species by source fragmentation. As examples of application of this method, more than 400 phospholipid species were identified and quantified in crude phospholipid extracts from rat liver and the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Retra
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Ali SM, Ahmad MU, Koslosky P, Kasireddy K, Murali Krishna U, Ahmad I. Synthesis of short and long chain cardiolipins. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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