1
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del Caño-Ochoa S, Ruiz-Aracama A, Guillén MD. Individual and Joint Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol and Hydroxytyrosol Acetate on the Oxidation of Sunflower Oil Submitted to Oxidative Conditions: A Study by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1156. [PMID: 35740054 PMCID: PMC9220198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tackles the individual and joint effect of alpha-tocopherol and hydroxytyrosol acetate on the oxidation of sunflower oil submitted to accelerated storage conditions at intermediate temperature, in order to deepen the understanding of antioxidant-prooxidant behaviour. This was accomplished by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. For this purpose, the evolution of the degradation of both the main components of the oil and the aforementioned added compounds was monitored by this technique throughout the storage time. Furthermore, the formation of a very large number of oxylipins and the evolution of their concentration up to a very advanced stage of oil oxidation, as well as the occurrence of lipolysis, were also simultaneously studied. The results obtained show very clearly and thoroughly that in the oxidation process of the oil enriched in binary mixtures, interactions occur between alpha-tocopherol and hydroxytyrosol acetate that notably reduce the antioxidant effect of the latter compound with the corresponding negative consequences that this entails. The methodology used here has proved to be very efficient to evaluate the antioxidant power of mixtures of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María D. Guillén
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Paseo de la Universidad n 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (S.d.C.-O.); (A.R.-A.)
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2
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del Caño-Ochoa S, Ruiz-Aracama A, Guillén MD. Influence of Hydroxytyrosol Acetate Enrichment of an Oil Rich in Omega-6 Groups on the Evolution of Its Oxidation and Oxylipin Formation When Subjected to Accelerated Storage. A Global Study by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:722. [PMID: 35453407 PMCID: PMC9030202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunflower oil samples, both unenriched and enriched with four different concentrations of hydroxytyrosol acetate, were subjected to accelerated storage at 70 °C until a very advanced oxidation stage and the process was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The aim of the study is to know the effect that the presence of this antioxidant has on the oxidation process of sunflower oil under the aforementioned conditions, as well as on the formation and evolution of the concentration of a significant number of oxylipins. The oxidation process was studied globally by monitoring, during storage time, the degradation of both the linoleic acyl group of sunflower oil, which is the main component of sunflower oil, and the added hydroxytyrosol acetate. Simultaneously, the identification of up to twenty-six different types of oxylipins formed in the oxidation process and the monitoring of the evolution of their concentration over the storage time were carried out. In this way, essential information about the effect that hydroxytyrosol acetate provokes on the oxidation of this oil rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated acyl groups, has been obtained. It has also been shown that the enrichment of sunflower oil with this antioxidant under the conditions tested does not prevent the oxidation process but slows it down, affecting the entire oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María D. Guillén
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Paseo de la Universidad n 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (S.d.C.-O.); (A.R.-A.)
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3
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Kontogianni VG, Gerothanassis IP. Analytical and Structural Tools of Lipid Hydroperoxides: Present State and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:2139. [PMID: 35408537 PMCID: PMC9000705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono- and polyunsaturated lipids are particularly susceptible to peroxidation, which results in the formation of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) as primary nonradical-reaction products. LOOHs may undergo degradation to various products that have been implicated in vital biological reactions, and thus in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The structure elucidation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipid hydroperoxides are therefore of great importance. The objectives of the present review are to provide a critical analysis of various methods that have been widely applied, and more specifically on volumetric methods, applications of UV-visible, infrared, Raman/surface-enhanced Raman, fluorescence and chemiluminescence spectroscopies, chromatographic methods, hyphenated MS techniques, NMR and chromatographic methods, NMR spectroscopy in mixture analysis, structural investigations based on quantum chemical calculations of NMR parameters, applications in living cells, and metabolomics. Emphasis will be given to analytical and structural methods that can contribute significantly to the molecular basis of the chemical process involved in the formation of lipid hydroperoxides without the need for the isolation of the individual components. Furthermore, future developments in the field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki G. Kontogianni
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Gerothanassis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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4
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del Caño-Ochoa S, Ruiz-Aracama A, Guillén MD. Alpha-Tocopherol, a Powerful Molecule, Leads to the Formation of Oxylipins in Polyunsaturated Oils Differently to the Temperature Increase: A Detailed Study by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Walnut Oil Oxidation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:604. [PMID: 35453290 PMCID: PMC9031923 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid oxidation causes food degradation and the formation of toxic compounds. Therefore, the addition to foods of compounds able to avoid, delay or minimize this degradative process is a commonly used strategy. Nevertheless, neither the identity of most of the formed compounds in this complex process nor the way in which their formation is affected by the strategy used are well known. In this context, the effect the temperature increase and the enrichment level in alpha-tocopherol on the evolution of the walnut oil oxidation, as a model of an oil rich in polyunsaturated omega-6 acyl groups, submitted to storage conditions, are tackled by 1H NMR. The study has allowed knowing the degradation kinetic of both the oil acyl groups and alpha-tocopherol, the identification of a very high number of oxylipins and the kinetic of their formation. The temperature increase accelerates the formation of all oxylipins, favouring the formation of hydroperoxy conjugated E,E-dienes and related derivatives versus that of the Z,E-isomers. The enrichment in alpha-tocopherol accelerates the formation of hydroperoxy conjugated Z,E-dienes and related derivatives, and delays in relation to the formation of the former that of the E,E-isomers and related derivatives, hindering, to a certain extent, the formation of the latter in line with the enrichment level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María D. Guillén
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Paseo de la Universidad n 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (S.d.C.-O.); (A.R.-A.)
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5
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Takashina K, Katsuyama A, Kaguchi R, Yamamoto K, Sato T, Takahashi S, Horiuchi M, Yokota SI, Ichikawa S. Solid-Phase Total Synthesis of Plusbacin A 3. Org Lett 2022; 24:2253-2257. [PMID: 35293208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the depsipeptide natural product plusbacin A3 (1) utilizing solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was disclosed. A 3-hydroxy-proline derivative compatible with Fmoc SPPS was prepared by a diastereoselective Joullié-Ugi three-component reaction (JU-3CR)/hydrolysis sequence. After peptide elongation on the solid support, cleavage of the peptide from the resin, followed by macrolactamization and global deprotection, gave plusbacin A3 (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Takashina
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Katsuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Rintaro Kaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Sato
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Minami-1, Nishi-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami-1, Nishi-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Motohiro Horiuchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami-1, Nishi-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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6
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Alberdi-Cedeño J, Ibargoitia ML, Guillén MD. Oxylipins Associated to Current Diseases Detected for the First Time in the Oxidation of Corn Oil as a Model System of Oils Rich in Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Groups. A Global, Broad and in-Depth Study by 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E544. [PMID: 32575776 PMCID: PMC7346112 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, an important number of oxylipins have been identified and quantified in corn oil submitted to mild oxidative conditions at each time of their oxidation process. This oil can be considered as a model system of edible oils rich in polyunsaturated omega-6 groups. The study was carried out using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), which does not require chemical modification of the sample. These newly detected oxylipins include dihydroperoxy-non-conjugated-dienes, hydroperoxy-epoxy-, hydroxy-epoxy- and keto-epoxy-monoenes as well as E-epoxy-monoenes, some of which have been associated with several diseases. Furthermore, the formation of other functional groups such as poly-formates, poly-hydroxy and poly-ether groups has also been proven. These are responsible for the polymerization and increased viscosity of the oil. Simultaneously, monitoring of the formation of well-known oxylipins, such as hydroperoxy-, hydroxy-, and keto-dienes, and of different kinds of oxygenated-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes such as 4-hydroperoxy-, 4-hydroxy-, 4-oxo-2E-nonenal and 4,5-epoxy-2E-decenal, which are also related to different degenerative diseases, has been carried out. The provided data regarding the compounds identification and their sequence and kinetics of formation constitute valuable information for future studies in which lipid oxidation is involved, both in food and in other scientific fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María D. Guillén
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Paseo de la Universidad n° 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.A.-C.); (M.L.I.)
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7
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Read JA, Woerpel KA. Allylmagnesium Halides Do Not React Chemoselectively Because Reaction Rates Approach the Diffusion Limit. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2300-2305. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyne A. Read
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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8
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Shen T, Zhang Y, Liang YF, Jiao N. Direct Tryptophols Synthesis from 2-Vinylanilines and Alkynes via C≡C Triple Bond Cleavage and Dioxygen Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13147-13150. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Feng Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Liu H, Liu X, Liu L, Zhang X, Li C. Practical aqueous reactions leading to skeletally diverse carbohydrate-derived ketones. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14457k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions starting from aldosyl hemiacetals and methyl ketones catalyzed by cheap catalysts and mediated by water producing four types of ketones are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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10
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Shah S, White JM, Williams SJ. Total syntheses of cis-cyclopropane fatty acids: dihydromalvalic acid, dihydrosterculic acid, lactobacillic acid, and 9,10-methylenehexadecanoic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9427-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01863j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Martínez-Yusta A, Goicoechea E, Guillén MD. A Review of Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Food Lipids Studied by1H NMR Spectroscopy: Influence of Degradative Conditions and Food Lipid Nature. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Martínez-Yusta
- Dept. of Food Technology; Lascaray Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Univ. of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Vitoria Spain
| | - Encarnación Goicoechea
- Dept. of Food Technology; Lascaray Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Univ. of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Vitoria Spain
| | - María D. Guillén
- Dept. of Food Technology; Lascaray Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Univ. of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Vitoria Spain
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12
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Ranade A, Georg GI. Enantioselective synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazepin-5(2H)-ones and 2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones from β-substituted β-hydroxyaminoaldehydes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:984-92. [PMID: 24785413 PMCID: PMC3985460 DOI: 10.1021/jo402445r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazepin-5(2H)-ones and 2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones from β-substituted β-hydroxyaminoaldehydes is reported. The β-hydroxyaminoaldehydes were prepared by enantioselective organocatalytic 1,4-addition of N-tert-butyl (tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxycarbamate to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (MacMillan protocol). Alkyne addition to the aldehydes followed by alcohol oxidation furnished N-Boc O-TBS-protected β-aminoynones. Removal of the TBS protecting group initiated a 7-endo-dig cyclization to yield previously unknown 3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazepin-5(2H)-ones. Reductive cleavage of the N-O bond of the oxazepinones and Boc-deprotection provided 2-substituted 2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones via 6-endo-trig cyclization. 2,3-Dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones are versatile intermediates that have been used for the synthesis of many alkaloids. The new protocol allows the synthesis of 3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones carrying an array of substituents at C2 that cannot be prepared from commercial β-amino acids or by one-carbon homologation of proteinogenic amino acids. The use of readily available β-hydroxylaminoaldehydes expands the utility of our previously reported method to prepare 2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones from β-amino acids as the source of diversity and chirality. A broad substrate scope is possible because β-aminoaldehydes can be prepared from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes by an enantioselective organocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwait
R. Ranade
- University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe
Hall Drive, 4070 Malott
Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7482, United States
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry
and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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13
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Jin J, Zheng Y, Brash AR. Demonstration of HNE-related aldehyde formation via lipoxygenase-catalyzed synthesis of a bis-allylic dihydroperoxide intermediate. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:896-903. [PMID: 23668325 DOI: 10.1021/tx4000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the proposed pathways to the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) and related aldehydes entails formation of an intermediate bis-allylic fatty acid dihydroperoxide. As a first direct demonstration of such a pathway and proof of principle, herein we show that 8R-lipoxygenase (8R-LOX) catalyzes the enzymatic production of the HNE-like product (11-oxo-8-hydroperoxy-undeca-5,9-dienoic acid) via synthesis of 8,11-dihydroperoxy-eicosa-5,9,12,14-tetraenoic acid intermediate. Incubation of arachidonic acid with 8R-LOX formed initially 8R-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (8R-HPETE), which was further converted to a mixture of products including a prominent HPNE-like enone. A new bis-allylic dihydroperoxide was trapped when the incubation was repeated on ice. Reincubation of this intermediate with 8R-LOX successfully demonstrated its conversion to the enone products, and this reaction was greatly accelerated by coincubation with NDGA, a reductant of the LOX iron. These findings identify a plausible mechanism that could contribute to the production of 4-hydroxy-alkenals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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14
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Cichowicz NR, Nagorny P. Synthesis of Conjugated Polyenes via Sequential Condensation of Sulfonylphosphonates and Aldehydes. Org Lett 2012; 14:1058-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ol203431e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Cichowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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15
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Riazy M, Lougheed M, Adomat HH, Guns EST, Eigendorf GK, Duronio V, Steinbrecher UP. Fluorescent adducts formed by reaction of oxidized unsaturated fatty acids with amines increase macrophage viability. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1926-36. [PMID: 21930200 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are prominent components of human atherosclerotic lesions and they are believed to accelerate the progression and/or complications of both early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. We and others have shown that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induces growth and inhibits apoptosis in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. In this study, we sought to characterize the oxidative modification of LDL that is responsible for this prosurvival effect. We found that both the modified lipid and the modified protein components of oxLDL can increase the viability of macrophages. The key modification appeared to involve derivatization of amino groups in apoB or in phosphatidylethanolamine by lipid peroxidation products. These reactive oxidation products were primarily unfragmented hydroperoxide- or endoperoxide-containing oxidation products of linoleic acid or arachidonic acid. LC-MS/MS studies showed that some of the arachidonic acid-derived lysine adducts were isolevuglandins that contain lactam and hydroxylactam rings. MS/MS analysis of linoleic acid autoxidation adducts was consistent with 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles derived from unfragmented oxidation products. The amine modification by oxidation products generated a fluorescence pattern with an excitation maximum at 350nm and emission maximum at 430nm. This is very similar to the fluorescence spectrum of copper-oxidized LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Riazy
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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16
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Gu X, Zhang W, Choi J, Li W, Chen X, Laird JM, Salomon RG. An (1)O2 route to γ-hydroxyalkenal phospholipids by vitamin E-induced fragmentation of hydroperoxydiene-derived endoperoxides. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1080-93. [PMID: 21568309 PMCID: PMC3141739 DOI: 10.1021/tx200093m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active phospholipids that incorporate an oxidatively truncated acyl chain terminated by a γ-hydroxyalkenal are generated in vivo. The γ-hydroxyalkenal moiety protrudes from lipid bilayers like whiskers that serve as ligands for the scavenger receptor CD36, fostering endocytosis, e.g., of oxidatively damaged photoreceptor cell outer segments by retinal pigmented endothelial cells. They also covalently modify proteins generating carboxyalkyl pyrroles incorporating the ε-amino group of protein lysyl residues. We postulated that γ-hydroxyalkenals could be generated, e.g., in the eye, through fragmentation of hydroperoxy endoperoxides produced in the retina through reactions of singlet molecular oxygen with polyunsaturated phospholipids. Since phospholipid esters are far more abundant in the retina than free fatty acids, we examined the influence of a membrane environment on the fate of hydroperoxy endoperoxides. We now report that linoleate hydroperoxy endoperoxides in thin films and their phospholipid esters in biomimetic membranes fragment to γ-hydroxyalkenals, and fragmentation is stoichiometrically induced by vitamin E. The product distribution from fragmentation of the free acid in the homogeneous environment of a thin film is remarkably different from that from the corresponding phospholipid in a membrane. In the membrane, further oxidation of the initially formed γ-hydroxyalkenal to a butenolide is disfavored. A conformational preference for the γ-hydroxyalkenal, to protrude from the membrane into the aqueous phase, may protect it from oxidation induced by lipid hydroperoxides that remain buried in the lipophilic membrane core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - Wujuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - James M. Laird
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - Robert G. Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
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17
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Kim J, Minkler PE, Salomon RG, Anderson VE, Hoppel CL. Cardiolipin: characterization of distinct oxidized molecular species. J Lipid Res 2010; 52:125-35. [PMID: 20858593 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m010520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid predominantly found in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is associated structurally with individual complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). Because the ETC is the major mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating site, the proximity to the ETC and bisallylic methylenes of the PUFA chains of CL make it a likely target of ROS in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Oxidized cellular CL products, uniquely derived from ROS-induced autoxidation, could serve as biomarkers for the presence of the ROS and could help in the understanding of the mechanism of oxidative stress. Because major CL species have four unsaturated acyl chains, whereas other phospholipids usually have only one in the sn-2 position, characterization of oxidized CL is highly challenging. In the current study, we exposed CL, under aerobic conditions, to singlet oxygen (¹O₂), the radical initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, or room air, and the oxidized CL species were characterized by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Our reverse-phase ion-pair HPLC-MS/MS method can characterize the major and minor oxidized CL species by detecting distinctive fragment ions associated with specific oxidized species. The HPLC-MS/MS results show that monohydroperoxides and bis monohydroperoxides were generated under all three conditions. However, significant amounts of CL dihydroperoxides were produced only by ¹O₂-mediated oxidation. These products were barely detectable from radical oxidation either in a liposome bilayer or in thin film. These observations are only possible due to the chromatographic separation of the different oxidized species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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18
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Kim J, Rodriguez ME, Oleinick NL, Anderson VE. Photo-oxidation of cardiolipin and cytochrome c with bilayer-embedded Pc 4. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:718-25. [PMID: 20510355 PMCID: PMC2921921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, (1)O(2), is produced by absorption of red light by the phthalocyanine dye Pc 4, followed by energy transfer to dissolved triplet molecular oxygen, (3)O(2). In tissues, Pc 4 concentrates in lipid bilayers, and particularly in mitochondrial membranes, because of its positive charge. Illumination of cells and tissues with red light after uptake of Pc 4 results in cell death. The potential initial chemical steps that result in cellular dysfunction have been characterized in this study. Both unsaturated acyl chains of phospholipids and proteins are identified as targets of oxidation. Tetra-linoleoyl cardiolipin was oxidized in both liposomes and mitochondria after Pc 4-mediated (1)O(2) generation. Evidence for the formation of both mono- and bis-hydroperoxide adducts of single linoleoyl side chains is provided by ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS. Similarly, illumination of Pc 4 in liposomes and mitochondria resulted in cytochrome c oxidation as detected by oxidation of His 26 in the peptide H(26)*KTGPNLHGLFGK, further supporting the potential use of this peptide as a biomarker for the presence of mitochondrial oxidative stress characteristic of (1)O(2) in vivo (J. Kim et al., Free Radic. Biol. Med. 44:1700-1711; 2008). These observations provide evidence that formation of lipid hydroperoxides and/or protein oxidation can be the initial chemical steps in Pc 4-mediated induction of apoptosis in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Myriam E. Rodriguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Nancy L. Oleinick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Vernon E. Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Correspondence to: Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biological Chemistry NIGMS Building 45, Room 2As.43J Bethesda, MD 20892 301-594-3827 (phone) 301-480-2802 (fax)
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Tamura S, Kaneko M, Shiomi A, Yang GM, Yamaura T, Murakami N. Unprecedented NES non-antagonistic inhibitor for nuclear export of Rev from Sida cordifolia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1837-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Guillen MD, Goicoechea E. Oxidation of corn oil at room temperature: Primary and secondary oxidation products and determination of their concentration in the oil liquid matrix from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance data. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Abstract
The free radical reaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids with molecular oxygen leads to hydroperoxides as the first stable products. From linoleic acid the two conjugated diene hydroperoxides at carbons 9 and 13 were considered the only primary products until the recent discovery of the bis-allylic 11-hydroperoxide. The 11-carbon is the site of the initial hydrogen abstraction, and the 11-hydroperoxide is formed without isomerization of the 9,10 and 12,13 cis double bonds. In the autoxidation reaction, bis-allylic hydroperoxides are obtained only in the presence of an efficient antioxidant, for example, alpha-tocopherol. The antioxidant functions as a hydrogen atom donor, necessary to trap the fleeting bis-allylic peroxyl radical intermediate as the hydroperoxide. Understanding of the mechanism of formation of bis-allylic hydroperoxides has led to increased appreciation of the central role of the intermediate peroxyl radical in determining the outcome of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schneider
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA.
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22
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Lipidomic Analysis of Glycerolipid and Cholesteryl Ester Autooxidation Products. Mol Biotechnol 2009; 42:224-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Kuksis A, Suomela JP, Tarvainen M, Kallio H. Use of lipidomics for analyzing glycerolipid and cholesteryl ester oxidation by gas chromatography, HPLC, and on-line MS. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 580:39-91. [PMID: 19784594 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-325-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Various analytical techniques have been adopted for the isolation and identification of the oxolipids and for determining their functionality. Gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) has been specifically utilized in analysis of isoprostanes and other low molecular weight oxolipids, although it requires derivatization of the solutes. In contrast, liquid chromatography (LC) in combination with on-line MS has proven to be well suited for analysis of intact oxolipids without (or minimal) derivatization. LC-MS has also been helpful for the identification of lipidomic changes resulting from covalent binding of lipid ester core aldehydes to amino lipids, amino acids, peptides, and proteins. This chapter reviews the use of the above techniques for lipidomic analysis of the autoxidation products of cholesteryl esters and glycerolipids as practiced in the authors' laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnis Kuksis
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Schneider C, Porter NA, Brash AR. Routes to 4-hydroxynonenal: fundamental issues in the mechanisms of lipid peroxidation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:15539-43. [PMID: 18285327 PMCID: PMC2414272 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r800001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although investigation of the toxicological and physiological actions of alpha/beta-unsaturated 4-hydroxyalkenals has made great progress over the last 2 decades, understanding of the chemical mechanism of formation of 4-hydroxynonenal and related aldehydes has advanced much less. The aim of this review is to discuss mechanistic evidence for these non-enzymatic routes, especially of the underappreciated intermolecular pathways that involve dimerized and oligomerized fatty acid derivatives as key intermediates. These cross-molecular reactions of fatty acid peroxyls have also important implications for understanding of the basic initiation and propagation steps during lipid peroxidation and the nature of the products that arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schneider
- Departments of Pharmacology and
Chemistry and the Vanderbilt Institute of
Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Departments of Pharmacology and
Chemistry and the Vanderbilt Institute of
Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alan R. Brash
- Departments of Pharmacology and
Chemistry and the Vanderbilt Institute of
Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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