1
|
Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roddan R, Carter EM, Thair B, Hailes HC. Chemoenzymatic approaches to plant natural product inspired compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1375-1382. [PMID: 35343542 PMCID: PMC9298680 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2003 up to the end of 2021Complex molecules produced by plants have provided us with a range of medicines, flavour and fragrance compounds and pesticides. However, there are challenges associated with accessing these in an economically viable manner, including low natural abundance and the requirement for complex multi-step synthetic strategies. Chemoenzymatic approaches provide a valuable alternative strategy by combining traditional synthetic methods with biocatalysis. This review highlights recent chemoenzymatic syntheses towards plant natural products and analogues, focusing on the advantages of incorporating biocatalysts into a synthetic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Roddan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Eve M Carter
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Benjamin Thair
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan S, Banwell MG, Ye WC, Lan P, White LV. The Inhibition of RNA Viruses by Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids: Opportunities for the Development of Broad-Spectrum Anti-Coronavirus Drugs. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101215. [PMID: 35032358 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of millions and disrupted nearly every aspect of human society. Currently, vaccines remain the only widely available medical means to address the cause of the pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Unfortunately, current scientific consensus deems the emergence of vaccine-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants highly likely. In this context, the design and development of broad-spectrum, small-molecule based antiviral drugs has been described as a potentially effective, alternative medical strategy to address circulating and re-emerging CoVs. Small molecules are well-suited to target the least-rapidly evolving structures within CoVs such as highly conserved RNA replication enzymes, and this renders them less vulnerable to evolved drug resistance. Examination of the vast literature describing the inhibition of RNA viruses by Amaryllidaceae alkaloids suggests that future, broad-spectrum anti-CoV drugs may be derived from this family of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Tan
- The Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- The Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- The Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lorenzo V White
- The Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng X, Zhang Q, Wu X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Huang X. Nickel-Catalyzed Heck Reaction of Cycloalkenes with Inert C—O Bonds of Aryl Carbonates and Aryl Sulfamates. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
|
5
|
Cigan E, Eggbauer B, Schrittwieser JH, Kroutil W. The role of biocatalysis in the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids - an update. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28223-28270. [PMID: 35480754 PMCID: PMC9038100 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a group of natural products with interesting pharmacological properties and a long history of medicinal application. Their complex molecular structures have fascinated chemists for decades, and their total synthesis still poses a considerable challenge. In a previous review, we have illustrated how biocatalysis can make valuable contributions to the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids. The chemo-enzymatic strategies discussed therein have been further explored and improved in recent years, and advances in amine biocatalysis have vastly expanded the opportunities for incorporating enzymes into synthetic routes towards these important natural products. The present review summarises modern developments in chemo-enzymatic alkaloid synthesis since 2013, in which the biocatalytic transformations continue to take an increasingly 'central' role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cigan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bettina Eggbauer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Joerg H Schrittwieser
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou JS, Huang X, Teng S, Chi YR. Nickel-catalyzed Heck reaction of cycloalkenes using aryl sulfonates and pivalates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3933-3936. [PMID: 33871493 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00634g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed Heck reaction of cycloalkenes delivers unusual conjugated arylated isomers. Nickel(0) catalysts ligated by chelating dialkylphosphines effectively activate not only aryl triflates as electrophiles, but also less reactive aryl mesylates, tosylates and pivalates. The omission of bases allows nickel hydride species to exist long enough to perform in situ olefin isomerization of initial Heck adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Steve Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Room F312, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiaolei Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shenghan Teng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adak T, Hoffmann M, Witzel S, Rudolph M, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK. Visible Light-Enabled sp 3 -C-H Functionalization with Chloro- and Bromoalkynes: Chemoselective Route to Vinylchlorides or Alkynes. Chemistry 2020; 26:15573-15580. [PMID: 32472581 PMCID: PMC7756539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented direct atom-economic chemo- and regioselective hydroalkylation of chloroalkynes and an sp3 -C-H alkynylation of bromoalkynes was achieved. The reaction partners are unfunctionalized ethers, alcohols, amides, and even non-activated hydrocarbons. We found that a household fluorescent bulb was able to excite a diaryl ketone, which then selectively abstracts a H-atom from an sp3 -C-H bond. The product of a formal alkyne insertion into the sp3 -C-H bond was obtained with chloroalkynes, providing valuable vinyl chlorides. The photo-organocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer strategy gives rise to a broad range of diversely functionalized olefins. When bromoalkynes are applied in the presence of a base, a chemoselectivity switch to an alkynylation is observed. This reaction can even be performed for the alkynylation of unactivated sp3 -C-H bonds, in this case with a preference of the more substituted carbon. Accompanying quantum chemical calculations indicate a vinyl radical intermediate with pronounced linear coordination of the carbon radical center, thus enabling the formation of both diastereoisomers after H-atom abstraction, suggesting that the (Z)-diastereoisomer is preferred, which supports the experimentally observed (E/Z)-distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Adak
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sina Witzel
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bonjoch J, Diaba F. Radical Reactions in Alkaloid Synthesis: A Perspective from Carbon Radical Precursors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB Universitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Faiza Diaba
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB Universitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spencer ARA, Korde R, Font M, Larrosa I. meta-Selective olefination of fluoroarenes with alkynes using CO 2 as a traceless directing group. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4204-4208. [PMID: 34122883 PMCID: PMC8152615 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades C-H olefination has received significant interest, due to the importance and usefulness of aryl olefins both as synthetic targets and intermediates. While a wide range of ortho-olefination protocols have been developed, only a small number of meta-olefinations are currently available. Importantly, the most common approach to meta-olefination, using a large meta-directing template, is not suitable for substrates such as fluorobenzenes, which cannot be derivatised. We report that the meta-selective olefination of fluoroarenes can be achieved via the use of CO2 as a traceless directing group, which can be easily installed and removed in a one-pot process. Furthermore, this approach avoids the use of stoichiometric Ag(i)-salts, commonly used in C-H olefinations, and affords complete meta- over ortho/para-regioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R A Spencer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Rishi Korde
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Marc Font
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liang X, Zhao Y, Si X, Xu M, Tan J, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Zheng C, Cai Q. Enantioselective Synthesis of Arene
cis
‐Dihydrodiols from 2‐Pyrones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14562-14567. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Wei Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xu‐Ge Si
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Meng‐Meng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jia‐Hao Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhi‐Mao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Cheng‐Gong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Rd. Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Quan Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang X, Zhao Y, Si X, Xu M, Tan J, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Zheng C, Cai Q. Enantioselective Synthesis of Arene
cis
‐Dihydrodiols from 2‐Pyrones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Wei Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xu‐Ge Si
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Meng‐Meng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jia‐Hao Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhi‐Mao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Cheng‐Gong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Rd. Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Quan Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adak T, Schulmeister J, Dietl MC, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed Highly Chemo- and Regioselective C-H Bond Functionalization of Phenols with Haloalkynes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Adak
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jürgen Schulmeister
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hudlicky T. Benefits of Unconventional Methods in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17326-17340. [PMID: 30613812 PMCID: PMC6312638 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a survey of four "unconventional" methods employed in the synthesis of natural products in the Hudlicky group. The utility of flash vacuum pyrolysis is highlighted by examples of many natural products attained via vinylcyclopropane-cyclopentene rearrangement and its heterocyclic variants. Preparative organic electrochemistry was used in oxidations and reductions with levels of selectivity unattainable by conventional methods. Yeast reduction of ketoesters was featured in the total synthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Finally, the use of toluene dioxygenase-mediated dihydroxylations in enantioselective synthesis of natural products concludes this presentation. Recently, synthesized targets in the period 2010-2019 are listed in the accompanying table. The results of research from the Hudlicky group are placed in appropriate context with the work of others, and a detailed guide to the current literature is provided.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sirinimal HS, Hebert SP, Samala G, Chen H, Rosenhauer GJ, Schlegel HB, Stockdill JL. Synthetic and Computational Study of Tin-Free Reductive Tandem Cyclizations of Neutral Aminyl Radicals. Org Lett 2018; 20:6340-6344. [PMID: 30265551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
5- exo, 5- exo Cyclizations of conformationally unbiased propargylic aminyl radicals proceed with excellent yield, chemoselectivity, and diastereoselectivity under tin-free reductive cyclization conditions, regardless of the electronic environments and intermediate radical stabilization resulting from various olefin substituents. These conditions avoid the need for slow addition of initiator and reductant. By contrast, analogous 6- exo, 5- exo cyclizations require substituents capable of intermediate radical stabilization to avoid premature reduction products. These experimental results are corroborated by computations that further establish the reactivity of these aminyl radicals upon exposure to tin-free cyclization conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansamali S Sirinimal
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Sebastien P Hebert
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Ganesh Samala
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Gregory J Rosenhauer
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Stockdill
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lopez AM, Ibrahim AA, Rosenhauer GJ, Sirinimal HS, Stockdill JL. Tin-Free Access to the ABC Core of the Calyciphylline A Alkaloids and Unexpected Formation of a D-Ring-Contracted Tetracyclic Core. Org Lett 2018; 20:2216-2219. [PMID: 29613805 PMCID: PMC6221184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A tin-free strategy for the successful cyclization of a variety of internal alkyne-containing N-chloroamine precursors to the ABC core via cyclization of a neutral aminyl radical is established. Deuterium labeling experiments confirm that the solvent is the primary source of the final H atom in the cyclization cascade. These conditions enabled a streamlined route to a β-ketoester intermediate poised for intramolecular Knoevenagel condensation to construct the seven-membered D-ring of calyciphylline A alkaloids. However, exposure to CsF in t-BuOH at elevated temperatures led to an unexpected decarboxylation to form a D-ring-contracted tetracyclic core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Lopez
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Ahmad A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Gregory J Rosenhauer
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Hansamali S Sirinimal
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Stockdill
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Heteroatom-Centred Radicals for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2018_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
17
|
Taher ES, Banwell MG, Buckler JN, Yan Q, Lan P. The Exploitation of Enzymatically-Derivedcis-1,2-Dihydrocatechols and Related Compounds in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products. CHEM REC 2017; 18:239-264. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab S. Taher
- Research School of Chemistry; Institute of Advanced Studies; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry; Institute of Advanced Studies; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Joshua N. Buckler
- Research School of Chemistry; Institute of Advanced Studies; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Qiao Yan
- Research School of Chemistry; Institute of Advanced Studies; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; College of Science and Engineering; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lei C, Yip YJ, Zhou JS. Nickel-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Aryl Olefins from Ketones and Organoboron Reagents under Neutral Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6086-6089. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhu Lei
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, SPMS-CBC-06-03, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yong Jie Yip
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, SPMS-CBC-06-03, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, SPMS-CBC-06-03, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mailyan AK, Eickhoff JA, Minakova AS, Gu Z, Lu P, Zakarian A. Cutting-Edge and Time-Honored Strategies for Stereoselective Construction of C–N Bonds in Total Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4441-557. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur K. Mailyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - John A. Eickhoff
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Anastasiia S. Minakova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Armen Zakarian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stockdill JL, Lopez AM, Ibrahim AA. Toward the ABCD Core of the Calyciphylline A-Type Daphniphyllum Alkaloids: Solvent non-Innocence in Neutral Aminyl Radical Cyclizations. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3503-3506. [PMID: 26028785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Daphniphyllum alkaloids remain an attractive target in the synthetic community because of their unique framework and promising biological activities. We have shown that the ABC core of the calyciphylline A-type alkaloids can be rapidly accessed via the tandem cyclization of a neutral aminyl radical with a polarized cyclic olefin. Deuterium labeling experiments and reactions omitting a tin hydride reagent suggest that the solvent is the major source of the terminating hydrogen atom in the cyclization cascade. Incorporation of an internal alkyne in the radical pathway was tolerated in the reaction, and it provided the necessary atoms to enable completion of the D ring of the calyciphylline A-type alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stockdill
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Alberto M Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ahmad A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Banwell MG, Jones MT, Reekie TA, Schwartz BD, Tan SH, White LV. RANEY® cobalt--an underutilised reagent for the selective cleavage of C-X and N-O bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7433-44. [PMID: 24977663 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RANEY® cobalt, which was first prepared in the 1930s, is known to function effectively as a catalyst for certain chemoselective reductions. However, its utility in chemical synthesis does not seem to have been fully appreciated. This first comprehensive survey of the literature on chemical transformations involving RANEY® cobalt attempts to redress matters by, among other things, highlighting the differences between the performance of this system and its much more well-known but usually less selective congener RANEY® nickel. A reliable method for preparing consistently effective RANEY® cobalt is presented together with a protocol that avoids the need to use it with high pressures of dihydrogen. As such, it is hoped more attention will now be accorded to the title reagent that offers considerable promise as a powerful tool for chemical synthesis, particularly in the assembly of polycyclic frameworks through tandem reductive cyclisation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao Q, Ji L, Qian GP, Liu JG, Wang ZQ, Yu WF, Chen XZ. Investigation on the synthesis of 25-hydroxycholesterol. Steroids 2014; 85:1-5. [PMID: 24582707 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A very efficient and environmentally benign method has been developed for the synthesis of 25-hydroxycholesterol. The reaction was performed in THF-water (4:1, v/v) using NBS as the brominating agent, followed by the easy reduction of C-Br with lithium aluminum hydride in THF, to yield the final product corresponding to a Markovnikov's rule. Excellent yields and regioselectivity have been obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Guo-Ping Qian
- Zhejiang Garden Biochemical High-tech. Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jian-Gang Liu
- Zhejiang Garden Biochemical High-tech. Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zi-Qiang Wang
- Zhejiang Garden Biochemical High-tech. Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Wan-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xin-Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Kaik M, McIntyre PBA, Malone JF, Stevenson PJ. Reactions of enantiopure cyclic diols with sulfuryl chloride. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2128-36. [PMID: 24569926 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monocyclic allylic cis-1,2-diols reacted with sulfuryl chloride at 0 °C in a regio- and stereo-selective manner to give 2-chloro-1-sulfochloridates, which were hydrolysed to yield the corresponding trans-1,2-chlorohydrins. At -78 °C, with very slow addition of sulfuryl chloride, cyclic sulfates were formed in good yields, proved to be very reactive with nucleophiles and rapidly decomposed on attempted storage. Reaction of a cyclic sulfate with sodium azide yielded a trans-azidohydrin without evidence of allylic rearrangement occurring. An enantiopure bicyclic cis-1,2-diol reacted with sulfuryl chloride to give, exclusively, a trans-1,2-dichloride enantiomer with retention of configuration at the benzylic centre and inversion at the non-benzylic centre; a mechanism is presented to rationalise the observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Boyd
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queens University, Belfast, N Ireland BT9 5AG, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ibrahim AA, Golonka AN, Lopez AM, Stockdill JL. Rapid access to the heterocyclic core of the calyciphylline A and daphnicyclidin A-type Daphniphyllum alkaloids via tandem cyclization of a neutral aminyl radical. Org Lett 2014; 16:1072-5. [PMID: 24506430 PMCID: PMC3954529 DOI: 10.1021/ol4034868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A streamlined approach to the tertiary
amine-containing core of
the calyciphylline A and daphnicyclidin A-type Daphniphyllum alkaloids is presented. A known carvone derivative is converted
into the core structure in only four synthetic operations, and it
is well poised for further elaboration. The key enabling methodology
is a radical cyclization cascade beginning with addition of a secondary,
neutral aminyl radical to the β-position of an enone, followed
by trapping with a pendant alkyne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Griffen JA, Kenwright SJ, Abou-Shehada S, Wharry S, Moody TS, Lewis SE. Benzoate dioxygenase fromRalstonia eutrophaB9 – unusual regiochemistry of dihydroxylation permits rapid access to novel chirons. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3qo00057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of benzoic acid by a microorganism expressing benzoate dioxygenase leads to the formation of an unusualipso,orthoarenecis-diol in sufficient quantities to be useful for synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Griffen
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, UK
| | - Sarah J. Kenwright
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, UK
| | - Sarah Abou-Shehada
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, UK
| | - Scott Wharry
- Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry
- Almac Group Ltd
- Craigavon, UK
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry
- Almac Group Ltd
- Craigavon, UK
| | - Simon E. Lewis
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hudlicky T, R. Adams D, van Kempen J, R. Hudlicky J. Chemoenzymatic Approach to Synthesis of Hydroxylated Pyrrolidines from Benzoic Acid. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
27
|
Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Belhocine T, Malone JF, McGregor ST, Atchison J, McIntyre PAB, Stevenson PJ. Reactions of nitrogen nucleophiles with enantiopure cyclohexenyl electrophiles: a stereo- and regio- selective study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek R. Boyd
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Narain D. Sharma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Tayeb Belhocine
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - John F. Malone
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Stuart T. McGregor
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Jordan Atchison
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Peter A. B. McIntyre
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Paul J. Stevenson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schrittwieser JH, Resch V. The role of biocatalysis in the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids. RSC Adv 2013; 3:17602-17632. [PMID: 25580241 PMCID: PMC4285126 DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42123f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are not only one of the most intensively studied classes of natural products, their wide spectrum of pharmacological activities also makes them indispensable drug ingredients in both traditional and modern medicine. Among the methods for their production, biotechnological approaches are gaining importance, and biocatalysis has emerged as an essential tool in this context. A number of chemo-enzymatic strategies for alkaloid synthesis have been developed over the years, in which the biotransformations nowadays take an increasingly 'central' role. This review summarises different applications of biocatalysis in the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids and discusses how recent developments and novel enzymes render innovative and efficient chemo-enzymatic production routes possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H Schrittwieser
- Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628 BL Delft , The Netherlands . ; ; ; Tel: +31 152 782683
| | - Verena Resch
- Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628 BL Delft , The Netherlands . ; ; ; Tel: +31 152 782683
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Covering: July 2010 to June 2012. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 1126-1142. Recent progress on the isolation, identification, biological activity and synthetic studies of structurally diverse alkaloids from plants of the family Amaryllidaceae is summarized in this review. In addition, the structurally related alkaloids isolated from Sceletium species are discussed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Griffen JA, White JC, Kociok-Köhn G, Lloyd MD, Wells A, Arnot TC, Lewis SE. New aminocyclitols with quaternary stereocentres via acylnitroso cycloaddition with an ipso,ortho arene dihydrodiol. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
31
|
Lipson JM, Thomsen M, Moore BS, Clausen RP, La Clair JJ, Burkart MD. A tandem chemoenzymatic methylation by S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Chembiochem 2013; 14:950-3. [PMID: 23650044 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Keep 'em methylated: The in situ preparation of the cofactor AdoMet was achieved by allowing the biosynthetic enzyme SalL to operate in the reverse direction by presentation of 5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine at low salt concentrations. This reaction was readily coupled with DNA and small molecule methyltransferases to afford a regioselective method for chemo-enzymatic methylation and isotope incorporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Lipson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu X, Lu Y, Hirao H, Zhou JS. Achieving Vinylic Selectivity in Mizoroki-Heck Reaction of Cyclic Olefins. Chemistry 2013; 19:6014-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
33
|
Jeschke S, Gentschev AC, Wiemhöfer HD. Disiloxanes with cyclic or non-cyclic carbamate moieties as electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1190-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc38326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Wu X, Zhou J(S. Selective arylation at the vinylic site of cyclic olefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4794-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41722k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
Tan SH, Banwell MG, Willis AC, Reekie TA. Application of a Raney-Cobalt-Mediated Tandem Reductive Cyclization Protocol to Total Syntheses of the Aspidosperma Alkaloids (±)-Limaspermidine and (±)-1-Acetylaspidoalbidine. Org Lett 2012; 14:5621-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3026846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen H. Tan
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Tristan A. Reekie
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ali Khan M, Mahon MF, Lowe JP, Stewart AJW, Lewis SE. Valuable New Cyclohexadiene Building Blocks from Cationic η5-Iron-Carbonyl Complexes Derived from a Microbial Arene Oxidation Product. Chemistry 2012; 18:13480-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
37
|
Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Kaik M, McIntyre PBA, Stevenson PJ, Allen CCR. Chemoenzymatic formal synthesis of (−)- and (+)-epibatidine. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2774-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Schwartz BD, White LV, Banwell MG, Willis AC. Structure of the Lycorinine Alkaloid Nobilisitine A. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8560-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2016899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Schwartz
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Lorenzo V. White
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| |
Collapse
|